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The Long and Short of Wood Roof Systems
Presented by Scott Breneman, PhD, PE, SE October 1, 2014 Photo Al Karevy/Bensonwood
“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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Course Description
This course is an overview of the many framing systems commonly used in buildings in the United States for a variety of span lengths. The presentation will review the possible wood structural framing systems including rafters, metal plated wood trusses, engineered wood products and hybrid roof systems. Also covered will be how these components can be combined to create efficient and versatile roof framing systems. All of these concepts will be reinforced through the presentation of real example projects with details on the framing system used to achieve the project goals.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this program: • Participants will be familiar with wood framing options available for use as roof framing and be able to evaluate different framing systems to use for building projects • Participants will be familiar with the variety of roof geometries that are possible with wood framing systems • Through the presentation of several project case studies, the participant will understand how long span roof systems can be built from all wood and hybrid wood structural configurations • Participants will be familiar with the International Building Code provisions that allow the use of wood systems in many roof applications including use in non-combustible Type I and Type II construction buildings
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Wood Roof
Riding Arena
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Commercial Strip Mall
Christ the King Catholic Church
Christ the King Catholic Church Hamilton, GA Architect: CDH Partners, Inc. Engineer: KSI Structural Engineers
Timber trusses and wood decking Spire created unique skylight effect
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Photo courtesy RedBuilt
Photo Scott Breneman - WoodWorks Freedom Truck Center, Spokane, WA Architects: ALSC Architects Structural Engineer: DCI Engineers
University Laval Soccer Stadium, Quebec City Architect: ABCP Architecture + urbanisme Photos courtesy Nordic Engineered Wood Products
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Layton Petro Mart, Greenfield, Wisconsin ARCHITECT: Arquitectura, Inc. ENGINEER: Jendusa Engineering Associates, Inc. PHOTOS: Arquitectura, Inc.
Outline of Presentation
• Wood Roof Components • Wood Roof Systems • IBC Code Provisions for Wood Roofs • Why Consider Wood
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Outline of Presentation
• Wood Roof Components • Wood Roof Systems • IBC Code Provisions for Wood Roofs • Why Consider Wood
Components of Roof System?
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Components of a Wood Roof System
Components of a Wood Roof System
Continuous Weather Proof Layers
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Components of a Wood Roof System
Structural Sheathing
Components of a Wood Roof System
Structural Framing
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Wood Roof Sheathing Options
Wood Structural Panels Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and Plywood Solid Sawn Decking 2x, 3x and 4x dimensional lumber Mechanically Laminated or Tongue & Groove Panel Products: Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS) Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels
Wood Structural Panels
Plywood - the original engineered wood panel (>100 years)
Oriented Strand Board (OSB) - a second generation engineered wood panel (>25 years)
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IBC 2012 2303.1.4 Wood structural panels.
Wood structural panels, when used structurally (including those used for siding, roof and wall sheathing, subflooring, diaphragms and built-up members), shall conform to the requirements for their type in DOC PS 1, DOC PS 2 or ANSI/APA PRP 210. Each panel or member shall be identified for grade, bond classification, and Performance Category by the trademarks of an approved testing and grading agency. The Performance Category value shall be used as the “nominal panel thickness” or “panel thickness” whenever referenced in this code. Wood structural panel components shall be designed and fabricated in accordance with the applicable standards listed in Section 2306.1 and identified by the trademarks of an approved testing and inspection agency indicating conformance to the applicable standard. In addition, wood structural panels when permanently exposed in outdoor applications shall be of Exterior type, except that wood structural panel roof sheathing exposed to the outdoors on the underside is permitted to be Exposure 1 type.
APA Engineered Wood Construction Guide
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Lumber Decking
• See IBC 2012 2304.8 • American Wood Council’s Wood Construction Data No. 2 “Tongue and Grove Roof Decking”
Lumber Decking
Code Acceptance for 2, 3 and 4 inch thick Tongue & Groove Lumber Decking per IBC 2012 2304.8
3x6 Double T&G Pine 2x6 T&C Doug Fir Photo Bear Creek Lumber Photo Southern Wood Specialities
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Lumber Decking Layup Options
Details in IBC with further information in AWC WCD 2
American Wood Council Wood Construction Data 2 Tongue and Groove Roof Decking
Christ the King Catholic Church
Christ the King Catholic Church Hamilton, GA Architect: CDH Partners, Inc. Engineer: KSI Structural Engineers
Timber trusses and wood decking Spire created unique skylight effect
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Lumber Roof Decking Spans
• AWC WCD 2 T&G Decking Design Tools. • Used with Lumber Design Values from National Design Specification for Wood Construction and Supplement.
Lumber Roof Decking Spans
• 2 inch can span up to 8 feet or more • 3 inch can span up to 12 feet or more • 4 inch can span up to 16 feet or more • Spans depend on Loads, Species and Grade of Lumber, Deck Layup Pattern, Acceptable Deflection, etc.
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Diaphragm Sheathing Limitations
• IBC 2012 2306.2 applies to wood-framed diaphragms and references AWC Special Design Provisions for Wind & Seismic 2008 (SDPWS): • Example capacities are: Diaphragm Max Aspect Max Possible Allowable Shear Type Ratio Capacity (ASD) in SPDWS Lumber Sheathing
Horizontal 2x sheathing 2:1 VW=70 plf, VS=50 plf
1 layer Diagonal 2x sheathing 3:1 VW=420 plf, VS=300 plf
2 layers Diagonal 2x sheathing 4:1 VW=840 plf, VS=600 plf Wood Panels
Blocked WSP* 4:1 VW=2520 plf, VS=1800 plf
Unblocked WSP 3:1 VW=447 plf, VS=320 plf
*Maximum value from high load diaphragms
Components of a Wood Roof System
Structural Framing Rafters
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Components of a Wood Roof System
Structural Framing Purlins
Components of a Wood Roof System
Structural Framing Rafters and Purlins
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Ithaca Foreign Car Repair, Ithaca NY Photos courtesy New Energy Works Timberframers
Ithaca Foreign Car
Ithaca Foreign Car Repair Photos courtesy New Energy Works Timberframers
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Solid Sawn Roof Framing
Design Routes: IBC 2012 2308 – Conventional Light-Frame Construction AWC NDS 2012 – Engineered Design AWC Wood Frame Construction Manual 2012 -Design tools based upon NDS
Solid Sawn Roof Framing Spans
Possible long spans based upon a common 24” o.c. spacing in lightly loaded applications Size Achievable Span
2x4 8 ft 2x6 12 ft 2x8 16 ft 2x10 20 ft 2x12 24 ft
Acceptable spans depend on Loads, Species and Grade of Lumber, Acceptable Deflection, etc. See NDS 2012 or Wood Frame Construction Manual 2012 for design
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Glulam
Glulam
What is Glulam?
Glulam = a structural composite of lumber and adhesives
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Dispersal of Strength Reducing Characteristics
Single Lamination
Glued Laminated Timber
Spans of 100 feet or greater achievable
12-1/4” x 84” 140 ft. clear span Camber = 8”
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Flexibility of Shapes and Spans
Portland International Jetport, Portland, Maine Architect : Gensler Structural Engineer: Oest Associates Timber Engineer: DeStefano & Chamberlain
Photos courtesy DeStafano & Chamberlain, Inc.
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Portland International Jetport, Portland, Maine Architect : Gensler Structural Engineer: Oest Associates Timber Engineer: DeStefano & Chamberlain
Photos courtesy DeStafano & Chamberlain, Inc.
Portland International Jetport, Portland, Maine 32 by 64 feet bays
Photos courtesy DeStafano & Chamberlain, Inc. 40,000 sf timber roof
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Lemay America Auto Museum 104’ Span Glulam Arches Photos courtesy Western Wood Structures Glulam purlins @ 4’ o.c
Promega Feynman Center, The Crossroads, Madison, Wisconsin ARCHITECT: Uihlein-Wilson Architects, Inc. ENGINEER: EwingCole DESIGN CONSULTANT: Archemy Consulting PHOTOS: Aitor Sanchez/EwingCole
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Promega Feynman Center, The Crossroads, Madison, Wisconsin Photos: Aitor Sanchez/EwingCole
Pre Fabricated Wood I-Joists
Recognized in IBC 2303.1.2 using ASTM D 5055 Proprietary Products with Evaluation Reports SCL or lumber flanges
Structural Structural glue joints wood panel web
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Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
Wide range of depths and flange widths
Commercial Strip Mall
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Havens Elementary School, Piedmont CA Design : ATI Architects and Engineers General Contractor: Webcor 46,000 sf school replacement Completed 2010 Photo Janelle Leafblad - WoodWorks
Havens Elementary School, Piedmont CA Design : ATI Architects and Engineers 46,000 sf school replacement General Contractor: Webcor Completed 2010 Photos courtesy RedBuilt
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Structural Composite Lumber
Laminated Parallel Laminated Oriented Veneer Strand Strand Strand Lumber Lumber Lumber Lumber
University of Idaho Recreational Center 85,000 sq ft Architects: Ohlson Lavoie Company Completed 2002 Structural Engineer: Coffman Engineers PSL Truss Roof
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Outline of Presentation
• Wood Roof Components • Wood Roof Systems • IBC Code Provisions for Wood Roofs • Why Consider Wood
Metal Plated Wood Truss
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Truss Configurations
Parallel chord or flat truss
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Truss Configurations
Scissors Studio Vault
Vaulted Parallel Chord Tray or Coffer
Flat Vault Barrel Vault
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Truss Configurations
Tri-Bearing Bowstring
Double Cantilever Gambrel
Room-In-Attic Polynesian
Truss Configurations
Half Hip Mono
Sloping Flat Cantilevered Mansard W/ Parapets
Hip
Half Scissors
Dual64 Pitch Clerestory
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Truss Configurations
Multi-Piece
Double Inverted
Parallel Chord Scissors Truss
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Riding Arena
82’ Clear Span Trusses
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90’ Clear Span Glulam Trusses
Cayucos Elementary K- 8
Location: Cayucos, CA
Completed: 2009
Architect: RRM Design Group
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Photo courtesy David Hourdequin – D. Remy & Co. Shenandoah Social Center Architect: Pinnacle Design, Dale Wilkowske 42’ span DF Trusses Timber Structural Engineer: D. Remy & Co. Completed 2008
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Components of a Wood Roof System
Structural Framing
Panelized Roof System
!Pre-fabricated roof sections lifted into place !Safety, cost, speed
! Two common types " All wood " Hybrid
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When are Panelized Roofs used?
Most commonly with tilt-up concrete or masonry walls
Typical for large, low slope, roof structures
How is a Panelized Roof Constructed?
1 Column erection
2 Girders placement
3 Purlin installation
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How is a Panelized Roof Constructed?
Panels are assembled on the 4 ground (often 8’ width) •Single purlin •Sub-purlins or stiffeners spaced @ 24”oc •Plywood or OSB
HowHow is isa aPanelized Panelized Roof Roof Constructed? Constructed
5 Pre-framed panel placement
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How is a Panelized Roof Constructed?
Pre-framed panel secured •Purlin to girder 6 •Sub-purlins to purlin •Final panel nailing
7 Process repeated
Panelized System Elements
Pre-framed Panel
Wood Structural Panel Sheathing !4x8, 4x10, or 8x8 jumbo panels !OSB or plywood
Purlin
Subpurlin 2 ½” Glulam, I-joist, Open-web truss Open-web wood flange, steel joist Dimensional sawn lumber
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Defining Panelized System Elements
Pre-framed panel
Girder Girder Simple span or Cantilevered Glulams Panels span between girder lines
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WoodWorks Case Study
• Introductory Piece • 4 Case Studies • Highlights Benefits • Cost • Schedule • Safety • Demonstrates Variety • states/climates • Occupancies • Construction applications
Design Examples
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Freedom Truck Center, Spokane, WA 45,000 sq ft Architects: ALSC Architects Panelized Roof Structural Engineer: DCI Engineers Photos courtesy RedBuilt
Light House Baptist Church Multi-Purpose Building 90 ft span Architect: Cliff Paris Gym on 2nd Floor Structural Engineer: Manning Engineering Photos courtesy RedBuilt
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Light House Baptist Church Multi-Purpose Building 90 ft span Architect: Cliff Paris Gym on 2nd Floor Structural Engineer: Manning Engineering Photos courtesy RedBuilt
Post Frame Construction
Features " Wood side wall posts " Pitched Trusses " Wide bay spacing (8ft +) " Large clear spans (100 ft+)
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Typical Post Frame Building System
Sheathing: • 26 to 29 ga Ribbed Steel OR • OSB or Plywood
Roof Purlins Typ. 2x4s “on edge” or “flat”
Roof Framing Wall Girts Trusses or Rafters Typ. 2x4 or 2x6 6 to 12 ft o.c. “flat”
Laminated or Solid-Sawn Wood Columns
Commercial Office/Warehouse, Cloquet MN 81 foot spans Photos courtesy Morton Buildings
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Variety of Post Frame Building Configurations Photos courtesy Morton Buildings
82’ Clear Span Trusses
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Timber Frame Systems
SIMPLE TRUSS CLASSIC KING POST TRUSS KING POST TRUSS
SCISSOR TRUSS QUEEN POST SYSTEM HAMMER TRUSS
25,000 sq ft William N. Allyn Conference Center Photos courtesy New Energy Works Timberframers
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25,000 sq ft William N. Allyn Conference Center Photos courtesy New Energy Works Timberframers
25,000 sq ft William N. Allyn Conference Center Photos courtesy New Energy Works Timberframers
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Burr & Burton Academy – Mountain Campus LEED Platinum – Net Zero Photos Al Karevy Courtesy Bensonwood
Burr & Burton Academy – Mountain Campus LEED Platinum – Net Zero Photos Al Karevy. Courtesy Bensonwood
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Catherine Houghton Arts Center White Mountain School Net Zero – Panelized Construction Bethleham, NH Photos: White Mountain School. Courtesy Bensonwood
15,000 sf Type VA Structure Whole Foods Market 67’ Span Glulam trusses @ 14’ o.c. & 2x6 T&G SP Deck Atlanta, GA On glulam beams and 8x8 Columns @ 20 ft o.c.
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Glulam Arches
Chemical Storage Facility Portland, OR
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Three Hinge Arch
Port of Portland Terminal 5 Potash Storage Facility 160 by 2083 ft Photos courtesy Western Wood Structures 1995 Construction, 2006 Addition
Three Hinge Arch
Port of Portland Terminal 5 Potash Storage Facility 160 by 2083 ft Photos courtesy Western Wood Structures 1995 Construction, 2006 Addition
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YMCA Camp Thunderbird Duke Energy Pavilion Lake Wylie, South Carolina ENGINEER: Bulla Smith Design Engineering PHOTOS: Stanley Capps
YMCA Camp Thunderbird Duke Energy Pavilion, Lake Wylie, South Carolina Photos: Stanley Capps
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Duke Lower and Middle School
Location: Durham, NC
Completed: 2009
Architect: DTW Architects and Planners
Size: 3 Middle School Bldgs 2 Lower School Bldgs
Cost: Middle School $130/sf Lower School $112/sf
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Richmond Olympic Oval, Richmond, B.C.
• Multi-purpose arena with 500,000 sf. floor area • 330’ clear span arches w/ 2 way curvature roof covering 6 acres • Proprietary Woodwave panel roof system Credit: naturallywood.com spanned between the composite glue-lam Design team: CannonDesign arches Owner: City of Richmond
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Richmond Skating Oval
Anaheim Ice Arena Architect: Frank Gehry 116 ft span Photos courtesy Western Wood Structures
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Anaheim Ice Arena Architect: Frank Gehry 116 ft span Photos courtesy Western Wood Structures
Arch splice connection
Anaheim Ice Arena Architect: Frank Gehry 116 ft span Photos courtesy Western Wood Structures
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University Laval Soccer Stadium, Quebec City Architect: ABCP Architecture + urbanisme 216 ft span Photos courtesy Nordic Engineered Wood Products
University Laval Soccer Stadium, Quebec City Architect: ABCP Architecture + urbanisme 216 ft span Photos courtesy Nordic Engineered Wood Products
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Buffalo HarborCenter, Rink 1 140 ft span Hybrid Glulam Truss Photos courtesy Nordic Engineered Wood Products Under Construction, Fall 2014
Rayleigh Durham International Terminal 2 Up to 136 ft spans Lead Architect: Fentress Architects Hybrid Glulam Truss Lead Structural: ARUP Completed 2010 Photos courtesy Structurlam Products
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Rayleigh Durham International Terminal 2 Up to 136 ft spans Lead Architect: Fentress Architects Hybrid Glulam Truss Lead Structural: ARUP Completed 2010 Photos courtesy Structurlam Products
Outline of Presentation
• Wood Roof Components • Wood Roof Systems • IBC Code Provisions for Wood Roofs • Why Consider Wood
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IBC Conforming Routes to Wood Roofs
1) Construction Type for Whole Building
2) Allowances for Wood Roofs
IBC Conforming Routes to Wood Roofs
Qualify Whole Building for Construction Type, III, IV or V:
1) Type III, IV or V construction per IBC 2012 Section 503, Table 503 and the allowable heights and areas modifications for sprinklers, etc.
2) Type III, IV or V construction per Unlimited Area options in Section 507
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2012 Code Conforming Wood Design
Accommodates Scale
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Unlimited Area Buildings
IBC 2012 Section 507 gives Unlimited Area Building routes for Type III, IV and/or V Construction for the following occupancies: Assembly Education Business, Factory Mercantile Storage
Pop Quiz
What is the maximum possible area allowed in IBC 2012 for a wood 1 story Education occupancy building with sprinklers? Unlimited Area IBC 2012 507.10, Type IIIA or IV Construction
What is the maximum possible area allowed in IBC 2012 for a wood 2 story B, M, F, or S occupancy building with sprinklers? Unlimited Area IBC 2012 507.4, Type IIIA or IV Construction
Assembly occupancies options as well. Buildings required to have surrounding public ways and/or yards. See IBC 507 for specific requirements.
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IBC Conforming Routes to Wood Roofs
Wood Roofs Allowed in other Construction Types 1) Footnote b of Table 601 (FRTW when > 20 ft) 2) Footnote c of Table 601 (HT when 1hr or less Required)
Fire Resistance Rating -IBC Table 601
b. Except in Group F-1, H, M and S-1 occupancies, fire protection of structural members shall not be required, including protection of roof framing and decking where every part of the roof construction is 20 feet or more above any floor immediately below. Fire-retardant-treated wood members shall be allowed to be used for such unprotected members. c. In all occupancies, heavy timber shall be allowed where a 1-hour or less fire- resistance rating is required.
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Table 601 Footnotes – “b”
Fire protection of structural members shall not be required, where every part of the roof construction is 20 feet or more above any floor immediately below.
• FRT wood allowed: For Type I, II, III, and V roof framing
20’
Except in group F-1, H, M, and S-1 occupancies
Table 601 Footnotes – “c”
Heavy Timber roof can be used where fire rating is 1hr or less
• Applies to any type of construction except Type IA
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LAUSD – Miguel Contreras Learning Complex
Fotoworks | Benny Chan
Laurence Anderson Photography
Type IV Construction
Heavy Timber (HT) has … • Exterior walls made of noncombustible materials or fire-retardant-treated wood (FRTW) • Interior building elements of heavy timber or laminated wood meeting minimum dimensions and without concealed spaces
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Minimum Sizes – Roof Framing
602.4.9 Exterior structural members – Beam Supporting Where horizontal separation of 20 ft is Roof Load provided, heavy timber wood columns >4x6 nominal and arches are permitted externally.
Column Supporting Roof Load >6x8 nominal
Photo of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center
Minimum Sizes – Roof Framing
Often 7/16” sheathing may be applied over 2x deck to increase diaphragm strength
Roof Decking >2x T&G Deck ! 1-1/8” WSP ! 3x on edge-planks ! CLT
Truss Framing >4x6
Photo of Hoffstadt Bluff Visitor’s Center
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Minimum Sizes – Floor Framing
IBC Section 602.4 (Table 602.4) address minimum sizes
Beam Supporting Floor Load >6x10 nominal
Columns and beams can be sawn or Glu-laminated
Column Supporting Floor Load >8x8 nominal
Arch Sprung From the Ground
Images Provided by Structural Wood Corporation
Arches supporting roof loads Timber Arches supporting roof from top of wall shall be > 4x6 loads and springing from floor > 6x8 at bottom & 6x6 at top
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Equivalent Glued Laminated Net Size
Table 602.4 Wood member Size Equivalents Minimum Nominal Minimum Glued-laminated Minimum Structural Solid Sawn Size Net Size Composite Lumber Net Size Width, Inch Depth, Inch Width, Inch Depth, Inch Width, Inch Depth, Inch
8 8 6 ¾ 8 ¾ 7 7 ½
6 10 5 10 ½ 5 ¼ 9 ½
6 8 5 8 ¼ 5 ¼ 7 ½
6 6 5 6 5 ¼ 5 ½
4 6 3 6 7/8 3 ½ 5 ½
Outline of Presentation
• Wood Roof Components • Wood Roof Systems • IBC Code Provisions for Wood Roofs • Why Consider Wood
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Measures: All inputs: -Raw materials -Energy -Water
All outputs: -Products -Co-products -Emissions -Effluents -Wastes
Consider all stages in production, use, disposal
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the Roof of Raleigh-Durham Airport Terminal
Athena Sustainable Materials Institute (2011)
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Roof of Raleigh-Durham Airport Terminal
Life cycle assessment showed that use of wood rather than steel resulted in: - Energy savings of 5,600 MWh, equivalent to the electricity use of 500 homes over 1 year or 23 days of operational energy use for the terminal. - Global Warming Potential (GWP) savings of 1,000 t
CO2e.
Dispelling Myths about Wood Products Common environmental concerns about specifying wood:
1. Is North America running out of Forests?
2. Does specifying wood products contribute to deforestation?
3. Is wood is a renewable resource?
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State of our Forests Forest Area in the United States 1630-2007
1200 1045 72% 1000
800 759 760 756 761 744 738 747 749 751
600
400 Million ThousandAcres 200
0 1630 1907 1938 1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002 2007
Source: USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009).
State of our Forests Forest Area in the United States 1630-2007
1200 1045 72% 1000
800 759 760 756 761 744 738 747 749 751 600 Forest area has been stable 400 Million
ThousandAcres for over 100 years! 200
0 1630 1907 1938 1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002 2007
Source: USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009).
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State of our Forests US Timber Volume on Timber Land
900
800
700 365.1 370.5 600 347 346.7 500 363.2 363.7 400 256.4 268 300 244.6 223.4
Inventory (billionInventory cubic feet) 200 174.1 148.5 100 214.3 217.6 163 190 103.7 128.3 0 1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002 North South West
Source: USDA-Forest Service, US Forest Resource Facts and Historical Trends FS-801. (2004).
State of our Forests US Timber Volume on Timber Land
900
800
700 365.1 370.5 600 347 346.7 500 363.2 363.7 400 Volume of Trees has been 256.4 268 300 244.6 growing for223.4 over 50 years! Inventory (billionInventory cubic feet) 200 174.1 148.5 100 214.3 217.6 163 190 103.7 128.3 0 1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002 North South West
Source: USDA-Forest Service, US Forest Resource Facts and Historical Trends FS-801. (2004).
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Dispelling Myths about Wood Products US Forest Lands
How can we help to ensure forest sustainability?
Increase in Increase in DEMAND SUPPLY
" Specify certified sustainable wood products " Ensures responsible and sustainable harvesting " No other building material uses a third-party certification system to ensure sustainability " Creates economic disincentives to deforestation
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Conclusions
Ithaca Foreign Car
Ithaca Foreign Car Repair Photos courtesy New Energy Works Timberframers
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Havens Elementary School, Piedmont CA Design : ATI Architects and Engineers 46,000 sf school replacement General Contractor: Webcor Completed 2010 Photos courtesy RedBuilt
Photo courtesy David Hourdequin – D. Remy & Co. Shenandoah Social Center Architect: Pinnacle Design, Dale Wilkowske 42’ span DF Trusses Timber Structural Engineer: D. Remy & Co. Completed 2008
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YMCA Camp Thunderbird Duke Energy Pavilion, Lake Wylie, South Carolina Photos: Stanley Capps
Rayleigh Durham International Terminal 2 Up to 136 ft spans Lead Architect: Fentress Architects Hybrid Glulam Truss Lead Structural: ARUP Completed 2010 Photos courtesy Structurlam Products
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Questions?
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
Scott Breneman 530-723-6230 [email protected]
Wood Project Assistance [email protected]
WoodWorks Website www.woodworks.org Photo New Energy Works Timberframers
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