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The Long and Short of Wood Roof Systems

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The Long and Short of Wood Roof Systems The Long and Short of Wood Roof Systems Photo Al Karevy/Bensonwood “The Wood Products Council” is This course is registered a Registered Provider with The with AIA CES for continuing American Institute of Architects professional education. As Continuing Education Systems such, it does not include (AIA/CES), Provider #G516. content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or Credit(s) earned on completion endorsement by the AIA of of this course will be reported to any material of AIA CES for AIA members. construction or any method Certificates of Completion for or manner of both AIA members and non-AIA handling, using, members are available upon distributing, or dealing in request. any material or product. ________________________________ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Course Description This course is an overview of the many framing systems commonly used in buildings in the United States for a variety of span lengths. The presentation will review the possible wood structural framing systems including rafters, metal plated wood trusses, engineered wood products and hybrid roof systems. Also covered will be how these components can be combined to create efficient and versatile roof framing systems. All of these concepts will be reinforced through the presentation of real example projects with details on the framing system used to achieve the project goals. Learning Objectives 1. Participants will be familiar with wood framing options available for use as roof framing and be able to evaluate different framing systems to use for building projects 2. Participants will be familiar with the variety of roof geometries that are possible with wood framing systems 3. Through the presentation of several project case studies, the participant will understand how long span roof systems can be built from all wood and hybrid wood structural configurations 4. Participants will be familiar with the International Building Code provisions that allow the use of wood systems in many roof applications including use in non-combustible Type I and Type II construction buildings Wood Roof Riding Arena Christ the King Catholic Church Christ the King Catholic Church Hamilton, GA Architect: CDH Partners, Inc. Engineer: KSI Structural Engineers Timber trusses and wood decking Spire created unique skylight effect Outline • Wood Roof Components • Wood Roof Systems • IBC Code Provisions for Wood Roofs Components of Roof System? Wood Roof Sheathing Options Wood Structural Panels Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and Plywood Solid Sawn Decking 2x, 3x and 4x dimensional lumber Mechanically Laminated or Tongue & Groove Panel Products: Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS) Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Wood Structural Panels Plywood - the original engineered wood panel (>100 years) Oriented Strand Board (OSB) - a second generation engineered wood panel (>25 years) IBC 2012 2303.1.4 Wood structural panels. Wood structural panels, when used structurally (including those used for siding, roof and wall sheathing, subflooring, diaphragms and built-up members), shall conform to the requirements for their type in DOC PS 1, DOC PS 2 or ANSI/APA PRP 210. Each panel or member shall be identified for grade, bond classification, and Performance Category by the trademarks of an approved testing and grading agency. The Performance Category value shall be used as the “nomInal panel thIckness” or “panel thIckness” whenever referenced In thIs code. Wood structural panel components shall be designed and fabricated in accordance with the applicable standards listed in Section 2306.1 and identified by the trademarks of an approved testing and inspection agency indicating conformance to the applicable standard. In addition, wood structural panels when permanently exposed in outdoor applications shall be of Exterior type, except that wood structural panel roof sheathing exposed to the outdoors on the underside is permitted to be Exposure 1 type. APA Engineered Wood Construction Guide Lumber Decking Code Acceptance for 2, 3 and 4 inch thick Tongue & Groove Lumber Decking per IBC 2012 2304.8 2x6 T&G Doug Fir 3x6 Double T&G Pine Photo Bear Creek Lumber Photo Southern Wood Specialties Lumber Decking Layup Options Details in IBC with further information in AWC WCD 2 American Wood Council Wood Construction Data 2 Tongue and Groove Roof Decking Christ the King Catholic Church Christ the King Catholic Church Hamilton, GA Architect: CDH Partners, Inc. Engineer: KSI Structural Engineers Timber trusses and wood decking Spire created unique skylight effect Lumber Roof Decking Spans • 2 inch can span up to 8 feet or more • 3 inch can span up to 12 feet or more • 4 inch can span up to 16 feet or more • Spans depend on Loads, Species and Grade of Lumber, Deck Layup Pattern, Acceptable Deflection, etc. Diaphragm Sheathing Limitations • IBC 2012 2306.2 applies to wood-framed diaphragms and references AWC Special Design Provisions for Wind & Seismic 2008 (SDPWS): • Example capacities are: Diaphragm Max Aspect Max Possible Allowable Shear Type Ratio Capacity (ASD) in SPDWS Lumber Sheathing Horizontal 2x sheathing 2:1 VW=70 plf, VS=50 plf 1 layer Diagonal 2x sheathing 3:1 VW=420 plf, VS=300 plf 2 layers Diagonal 2x sheathing 4:1 VW=840 plf, VS=600 plf Wood Panels Blocked WSP* 4:1 VW=2520 plf, VS=1800 plf Unblocked WSP 3:1 VW=447 plf, VS=320 plf *Maximum value from high load diaphragms Structural Panels Over Decking Panel Installation Requirements • Panel Edges must not coincide with decking joints • Panel edges must be attached to common member • Minimum fastener penetration must be provided • Maximum 4:1 aspect ratio is allowed. • A complete load path must be provided for forces Additional information can also be found in: • APA Form TT-097 Designing Diaphragms Over Existing Board Floors or Roofs • ATC 7 Guidelines For The Design of Horizontal Wood Diaphragms Components of a Wood Roof System Structural Framing Rafters and Purlins Ithaca Foreign Car Ithaca Foreign Car Repair Photos courtesy New Energy Works Timberframers Solid Sawn Roof Framing Design Routes: IBC 2012 2308 – Conventional Light-Frame Construction AWC NDS 2012 – Engineered Design AWC Wood Frame Construction Manual 2012 - Design tools based upon NDS Glulam Glulam What is Glulam? Glulam = a structural composite of lumber and adhesives Spans of 100 feet or greater achievable 12-1/4” x 84” 140 ft. clear span Camber = 8” Flexibility of Shapes and Spans Promega Feynman Center, The Crossroads, Madison, Wisconsin ARCHITECT: Uihlein-Wilson Architects, Inc. ENGINEER: EwingCole DESIGN CONSULTANT: Archemy Consulting PHOTOS: Aitor Sanchez/EwingCole Promega Feynman Center, The Crossroads, Madison, Wisconsin Photos: Aitor Sanchez/EwingCole Pre Fabricated Wood I-Joists Recognized in IBC 2303.1.2 using ASTM D 5055 Proprietary Products with Evaluation Reports SCL or lumber flanges Structural Structural glue joints wood panel web Havens Elementary School, Piedmont CA Design : ATI Architects and Engineers 46,000 sf school replacement General Contractor: Webcor Completed 2010 Photos Janelle Leafblad/WoodWorks Havens Elementary School, Piedmont CA Design : ATI Architects and Engineers 46,000 sF school replacement General Contractor: Webcor Completed 2010 Photos courtesy RedBuilt Structural Composite Lumber Laminated Parallel Laminated Oriented Veneer Strand Strand Strand Lumber Lumber Lumber Lumber University of Idaho Recreational Center 85,000 sq ft Architects: Ohlson Lavoie Company Completed 2002 Structural Engineer: Coffman Engineers PSL Truss Roof Outline • Wood Roof Components • Wood Roof Systems • IBC Code Provisions for Wood Roofs Metal Plated Wood Truss Truss Configurations Parallel chord or flat truss 37 Truss Configurations Scissors Studio Vault Vaulted Parallel Chord Tray or Coffer Flat Vault Barrel Vault 82’ Clear Span Trusses 90’ Clear Span Glulam Trusses Cayucos Elementary K- 8 Location: Cayucos, CA Completed: 2009 Architect: RRM Design Group Panelized Roof System ØPre-fabricated roof sections lifted into place ØSafety, cost, speed Ø Two common types § All wood § Hybrid When are Panelized Roofs used? Most commonly with tilt-up concrete or masonry walls Typical for large, low slope, roof structures How is a Panelized Roof Constructed? 1 Column erection 2 Girders placement 3 Purlin installation How is a Panelized Roof Constructed? Panels are assembled on the 4 ground (often 8’ width) •Single purlin •Sub-purlins or stiffeners spaced @ 24”oc •Plywood or OSB HowHow is ais aPanelized Panelized Roof Roof Constructed? Constructed 5 Pre-framed panel placement How is a Panelized Roof Constructed? Pre-framed panel secured •Purlin to girder 6 •Sub-purlins to purlin •Final panel nailing 7 Process repeated Panelized System Elements Pre-framed Panel Wood Structural Panel Sheathing Ø4x8, 4x10, or 8x8 jumbo panels ØOSB or plywood Purlin Subpurlin 2 ½” Glulam, I-joist, Open-web truss Open-web wood flange, steel joist Dimensional sawn lumber Defining Panelized System Elements Pre-framed panel Girder Girder Simple span or Cantilevered Glulams Panels span between girder lines WoodWorks Case Study • Introductory Piece • 4 Case Studies • Highlights Benefits • Cost • Schedule • Safety • Demonstrates Variety • states/climates • Occupancies • Construction applications Design Examples “Our total installed cost [was] $5.49 per square foot, where a similar steel system would have been $6.00 to $7.25” - John Mandere, Mandere Construction, the Roof Erector Freedom Truck Center,
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