APPENDIX I

CATALOGUE OF MILITARY UNITS STATIONED IN BRITAIN

This appendix is not intended as a full commentary on the garrison of (for which see Holder, Roman Amry, and Jarrett, "Non• legionary Troops." All references to Holder and Jarrett cited below derive from those two works. Cross-references to the catalogue in parenthesis are possible or likely citations of the unit in question). The following list will provide essential information, including where a unit was raised, when it was sent to Britain, where it was stationed in the province, and when it was withdrawn.

Diplomas of Britain: AD 96/ I 08 (Roxan, RMD II, #83) AD 98 (GIL XVI 43) AD 103 (GIL XVI 48) AD 105 (GIL XVI 51) AD 117 /20 (GIL XVI 88) AD 122 (G1L XVI 69) AD 124 (GIL XVI 70) AD 135 (GIL XVI 82) AD 145/6 (GIL XVI 93) AD 154 or 159 (GIL XVI 130)

Legions

Legio II Augusta: Raised by , transferred to Britain in 43 (Ritterling, "Legio," 1249, 1459). Concentrated at Exeter after , with detachments out-posted at Waddon Hill (Ritterling, "Legio," 1459-1460; Frere, , 58-59). Vexillations participated in the Civil War of 69 (Tacitus, Histories 3.22, 44); once the legion was reunited, Frontinus commanded the legion in the conquest of the Silures and built a new base at Caerleon (Ritterling, "Legio," 1460), last recorded at Caerleon, AD 253-259 (RIB 334). Part of the legion at Richborough in the fourth century (NDO XXVII.19). Holder, 104-105; A. Birley, Fasti, 219. Catalogue: 24, 46, 48, 52, 79, 84, 93, 150, 153, 162, 171, 172, 191, 225, 283, 301, 362, 365, (393), 404, 415, 467, (514), 529, 530, 592, 598. Legio VI Victrix: In until 68 (Ritterling, "Legio," 1599-1602; Tacitus Histories 3.44; GIL II 1442, 2983); transferred to Lower Germany (Ritterling, "Legio," 1602-1605; Tacitus, Histories 5.16; G1L XIII 8551 ); This legion received the title pia fidelis Domitiana under Domitian (GIL XIII 8533; 324 APPENDIX I

Ritterling, "Legio," 1613) in 89. Domitiana was dropped in 96. Legio VI came to Britain in 122 under Platorius Nepos to help in building 's Wall (RIB 1388, 1389), after which its permanent base was at (RIB 653), while detachments were stationed in Scotland (RIB 2146, 2148, 2160) and Corbridge (RIB 1132) under Antoninus Pius. Holder, I 05; A. Birley, Fasti, 221-2. Catalogue: 38, 49, 62, 76, 79, 84, 87, 94, 109, 158, 262, 308, 326, 340, 343, 344, 346, 401, 421, 426, 436, 460, 461, (462), 463, 481, (514), 526, 527, 594, 597. Legio IX Hispana: Stationed in Pannonia until 43 when it was sent to Britain (Ritterling, RE, 1249, 1665-1666). After the revolt of Boudicca, this legion formed the garrison of Lincoln (RIB 254-257), but under Cerialis, it was moved to the new fortress at York (RIB 659, 673, 680). This legion was last recorded in Britain at York in 108 (Ritterling, "L<:>gio," 1667 1668; C1L VII 241 [RIB 665 J), perhaps removed for Trajan's Parthian war ca. 120 (Bogaers, "Nijmegrn," 54), destroyed with Legio XXII Deiotariana in the Jewish Wars of 132-135 (E. Birley, "Britain after Agricola," 78-83), or lost in Armenia ca. 160 (Webster, , 121). Holder, 106. Legio XIV Gemina 1\!lartia Victrix: Raised by Augustus after Actium and sta• tioned at l\fainz from AD 9 until transferred to Britain in 43 (Ritterling, "Legio," 1249, 1730-1732). The legion participated in the invasion of Anglesey in 60 and in suppressing the revolt of Boudicca (Tacitus, Annals 14.34, 37). Withdrawn in 66 for Nero's expedition against the Albani (Tacitus, Histories 2.27). Returned to Britain by Vitellius during the civil wars of 69 (Tacitus, Histories 2.66) but withdrawn again permanently in 70 (Tacitus, Histories 4.68). Holder, 106. Legio XX Valeria Victrix: Raised by Augustus aftt'r Actium, stationed in Illyricum and then Lower Germany after AD 9. The legion was sent to Britain in 43 (Ritterling, "Legio," 1249, 1769-1781) and based at Colchester (RIB 202, 203), then Usk after 49 (Holder, Roman Army, I 06). The fortress at Deva (Chester) was built by 87 (Ritterling, "Legio,'' 1773). The legion received the title Valeria Victrix for its service during the Boudicca revolt (Holder, Roman Awry, IOT). Holder, 106 107. Catalogue: 8, 28, 29, 39, 48, 49, 79, 105, 110, (112), 158, 222, 300, 338, 368, (404), 407, 512, 534, 535, 593.

Alae (Auxiliary Cavalry Regiments)

Ala Agrippiana miniata: attested on diploma of 122, otherwise unattested in Roman Britain: Jarrett, 39 #2. Ala I Asturum: Raised by Tiberius from of north-west Spain. At• tested on a diploma of AD 140 found at Palamarica (Roxan, RJ\1D I,