SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero Dell’Università 31/07/2003)

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SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero Dell’Università 31/07/2003) SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero dell’Università 31/07/2003) Via P. S. Mancini, 2 – 00196 – Roma TESI DI DIPLOMA DI MEDIATORE LINGUISTICO (Curriculum Interprete e Traduttore) Equipollente ai Diplomi di Laurea rilasciati dalle Università al termine dei Corsi afferenti alla classe delle LAUREE UNIVERSITARIE IN SCIENZE DELLA MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA IL FENOMENO DELL’INGLESE COME LINGUA FRANCA E UNIVERSALE RELATORI: CORRELATORI: Prof.ssa Adriana Bisirri Prof.ssa Marilyn Scopes Prof.ssa Luciana Banegas Prof.ssa Claudia Piemonte CANDIDATA: Valentina Pece ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016/2017 1 Tutte le nostre lingue sono delle opere d'arte. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2 3 SOMMARIO SEZIONE ITALIANA………………………………………………………….11 INTRODUZIONE ................................................................................................ 12 CAPITOLO 1 ....................................................................................................... 15 ALLA RICERCA DI UNA LINGUA UNIVERSALE........................................... 15 1.TERMINOLOGIA E CLASSIFICAZIONE DELLE LINGUE PIANIFICATE ..................... 17 1.1 Lingue artificiali e naturali, lingue a priori, a posteriori e miste ........... 20 1.2 Interlinguistica e Pianificazione linguistica ............................................ 23 1.3 Classificazione delle lingue artificiali ..................................................... 26 2.ALLA RICERCA DI UNA LINGUA UNIVERSALE.................................................... 27 2.1.Dall’età antica al Medioevo .................................................................... 27 2.2 .Dalle lingue filosofiche del Seicento alle lingue contemporanee ........... 30 CAPITOLO 2 ....................................................................................................... 34 L’INGLESE COME LINGUA FRANCA E INTERNAZIONALE .................. 34 1.LA VISIONE DI OTTO JESPERSEN ...................................................................... 38 2.LA LINGUA FRANCA ......................................................................................... 41 2.1 Classificazione delle lingue franche ........................................................ 43 3. L’INGLESE, LINGUA FRANCA PER ECCELLENZA ............................................... 45 3.1 Tra il sostegno e l’opposizione dei linguisti ............................................ 46 4 4.ESPANSIONE: IL PARADOSSO DELL’INTERNAZIONALIZZAZIONE DELLA LINGUA 49 4.1 I modelli di riferimento linguistico .......................................................... 51 4.2 Quale inglese insegnare ........................................................................... 53 CAPITOLO 3 ....................................................................................................... 54 IL SUCCESSO DELL’INGLESE NEL XX SECOLO: ........................................ 54 DAI MEDIA ALL’AIRSPEAK .......................................................................... 54 1.AL POSTO GIUSTO AL MOMENTO GIUSTO .......................................................... 54 2. L’AIRSPEAK ................................................................................................ 57 2.1 Etimologia del termine ............................................................................. 58 3.IMPORTANZA DELLA COMUNICAZIONE EFFICACE NELL’AVIAZIONE ................. 59 3.1 Forme di comunicazione nell’aviazione .................................................. 62 3.1.1 Comunicazione scritta .......................................................................... 62 3.1.2 Comunicazione orale ............................................................................ 63 3.1.3 Comunicazione non-verbale ................................................................. 64 3.1.4 Comunicazione grafica e computerizzata ............................................. 65 3.2 FRASEOLOGIA ............................................................................................... 65 4.INCIDENTI AEREI CAUSATI DA INCOMPRENSIONI LINGUSITICHE ....................... 69 5 4.1. Disastro aereo di Tenerife ...................................................................... 69 CONCLUSIONI ................................................................................................... 73 ENGLISH SECTION…………………………………………………………...76 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 77 CHAPTER 1 ......................................................................................................... 80 IN SEARCH OF A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE .............................................. 80 1.Terminology and classification of planned languages ........................................ 81 1.1 Artificial and natural languages, a priori, a posteriori and mixed languages ............................................................................................................................ 83 1.2 Interlinguistics and Linguistic Planning ...................................................... 85 1.3 Classification of artificial languages ........................................................... 86 2. In search of a universal language ....................................................................... 87 2.1 From the ancient age to the Middle Ages .................................................... 87 2.2 From the seventeenth century philosophical languages to contemporary languages ........................................................................................................... 89 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................ 92 ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA AND INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE. ……………………………………………………………………………………92 1.Lingua Franca ..................................................................................................... 94 1.1 Classification of lingua francas ................................................................... 96 2. English, lingua franca par excellence ................................................................ 97 6 2.1 Support and opposition of linguists............................................................. 98 3.Expansion: the paradox of internationalization of language ............................ 100 3.1 Models of linguistic reference .................................................................... 102 3.2 Which English should we teach?................................................................ 104 CHAPTER 3……………………………………………………...……….…...105 THE SUCCESS OF ENGLISH IN THE 20TH CENTURY:…………...……105 FROM THE MEDIA TO THE ARISPEAK………………………………........105 1. In the right place at the right time .................................................................... 105 2. The Airspeak .................................................................................................... 106 2.1 Etymology of the term ................................................................................ 107 3.Importance of effective communication in aviation ......................................... 108 3.1 Forms of communication in aviation ......................................................... 109 3.1.1 Written communication ....................................................................... 109 3.1.2 Oral communication ............................................................................ 109 3.1.3 Non-verbal communication ................................................................. 110 3.1.4Graphic and computerized communication .......................................... 110 3.2 Phraseology ................................................................................................ 111 4.Air accidents caused by lingusitic misunderstandings ..................................... 112 4.1. Air disaster of Tenerife.............................................................................. 112 CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………..…...114 7 SECCIÓN ESPAÑOLA…………………………………………………….....116 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................. 117 CAPÍTULO 1 ..................................................................................................... 119 EN BUSCA DE UN IDIOMA UNIVERSAL ................................................... 119 1. Terminología y clasificación de las lenguas planificadas…………...…..119 1.1 Idiomas artificiales y naturales, a priori, a posteriori y mixtos ............. 120 1.2 Clasificación de idiomas artificiales ...................................................... 121 2. En busca de un leguaje universal………………………………………....121 2.1 Desde la antigüedad hasta la Edad Media ............................................. 121 2.2 Desde los lenguajes filosóficos del siglo diecisiete a los idiomas contemporáneos ............................................................................................ 122 Capitulo 2 ............................................................................................................ 124 INGLÉS COMO LINGUA FRANCA Y LENGUA INTERNATIONAL .... 124 1.Lengua Franca ............................................................................................... 125 1.1 Clasificación de la lengua franca ........................................................... 126 2. Inglés, lengua franca por excelencia ............................................................ 127 2.1 Entre el apoyo y la oposición de los lingüistas ...................................... 128 3. Expansión: la paradoja
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