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A Comparison Between Natural and Planned Languages
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages Gobbo, F. Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Published in Journal of Universal Language Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Gobbo, F. (2011). The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages. Journal of Universal Language, 12(2), 45-79. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Federico Gobbo 45 Journal of Universal Language 12-2 September 2011, 45-79 The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages Federico Gobbo University of Insubria 1 Abstract Since the publication of Volapük, the most important functional and deictic words present in grammar—interrogative, relative and demonstrative pronouns, and adjectives among others—have been described in planned grammars in a series or a table, namely “correlatives,” showing a considerable level of regularity. -
SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero Dell’Università 31/07/2003)
SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero dell’Università 31/07/2003) Via P. S. Mancini, 2 – 00196 – Roma TESI DI DIPLOMA DI MEDIATORE LINGUISTICO (Curriculum Interprete e Traduttore) Equipollente ai Diplomi di Laurea rilasciati dalle Università al termine dei Corsi afferenti alla classe delle LAUREE UNIVERSITARIE IN SCIENZE DELLA MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA IL FENOMENO DELL’INGLESE COME LINGUA FRANCA E UNIVERSALE RELATORI: CORRELATORI: Prof.ssa Adriana Bisirri Prof.ssa Marilyn Scopes Prof.ssa Luciana Banegas Prof.ssa Claudia Piemonte CANDIDATA: Valentina Pece ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016/2017 1 Tutte le nostre lingue sono delle opere d'arte. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2 3 SOMMARIO SEZIONE ITALIANA………………………………………………………….11 INTRODUZIONE ................................................................................................ 12 CAPITOLO 1 ....................................................................................................... 15 ALLA RICERCA DI UNA LINGUA UNIVERSALE........................................... 15 1.TERMINOLOGIA E CLASSIFICAZIONE DELLE LINGUE PIANIFICATE ..................... 17 1.1 Lingue artificiali e naturali, lingue a priori, a posteriori e miste ........... 20 1.2 Interlinguistica e Pianificazione linguistica ............................................ 23 1.3 Classificazione delle lingue artificiali ..................................................... 26 2.ALLA RICERCA DI UNA LINGUA UNIVERSALE.................................................... 27 2.1.Dall’età antica al Medioevo ................................................................... -
The Seh-Lerai Language
The Seh-lerai Language The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russsell, James R. Forthcoming. The Seh-lerai language. Journal of Armenian studies. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10007898 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 THE SEH-LERAI LANGUAGE. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Day after day, Alone on a hill, The man with the foolish grin is keeping perfectly still But nobody wants to know him, They can see that he’s just a fool, And he never gives an answer, But the fool on the hill, Sees the sun going down, And the eyes in his head, See the world spinning ’round. Well on the way, Head in a cloud, The man of a thousand voices talking perfectly loud But nobody ever hears him, or the sound he appears to make, and he never seems to notice… — John Lennon and Paul McCartney, 1967. 1. A mysterious language and its maker. 2. The Temple of Wisdom and the Masons. 3. Mercurians. 4. An Internet detective story. 5. Ans haïlanzar. 6. An elegy for Smyrna. List of plates. List of appendices. Bibliography. 1. A MYSTERIOUS LANGUAGE AND ITS MAKER. We scholars of Armenian studies have tended to focus generally inward— researching the history, culture, and language and literature of the nation itself— rather than outward, considering the participation of Armenians in the wider culture of the world outside their (our) own ethnic sphere. -
Trabajo De Fin De Grado Tiene Como Principal Objetivo Establecer Un Estado De La Cuestión Del Fenómeno Tan Actual De La Creación De Lenguas
Facultad Filosofía y Letras TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Grado de Español: Lengua y Literatura Las técnicas del conlanging. Un capítulo sobre la lingüística aplicada a la creación de lenguas Presentado por D.ª Irene Mata Garrido Tutelado por Prof. Dr. D. José Manuel Fradejas Rueda Índice 1 Introducción .......................................................................................................... 2 2 Esbozo histórico del fenómeno de la invención de lenguas ............................... 4 3 Intento de clasificación de las lenguas artificiales ............................................. 10 4 ¿Cómo crear una lengua? .................................................................................... 13 5 El fenómeno de la invención de lenguas y su dimensión social y artística en la actualidad .......................................................................................................... 21 6 Conclusiones .......................................................................................................... 26 7 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................ 28 8 Apéndice I: recopilación de las lenguas artificiales ........................................... 30 9 Apéndice II: casos de cambios de acento de los actores .................................... 45 1 1 Introducción Los límites de mi lengua son los límites de mi mente. Ludwig Wittgenstein El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene como principal objetivo establecer un estado de la cuestión -
DRAFT! PLEASE DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION 1 a Primer
DRAFT! PLEASE DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION 1 A primer on constructed languages Nathan Sanders University of Toronto I have always wanted to be able to express music and love and the things that I have felt in their own proper language—not like this, not like this with the procession of particular English verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns and prepositions that rolls before you now towards this full stop and the coming paragraph of yet more words. —Stephen Fry, Moab is My Washpot (1997:78) This chapter provides a tour through the nature and history of constructed languages, or conlangs for short. Conlangs, such as Esperanto and Klingon, are languages or partial languages that have been intentionally created by the conscious effort of individual humans, unlike languages like Estonian or Korean, which arose naturally and effortlessly among entire populations from the general subconscious human capacity for language. I begin in Section 1 by highlighting the most ancient notions of consciously controlling and creating language. Then in Section 2, I continue with discussion of the first true conlangs from the Middle Ages up through the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when language creation was guided largely by religious and philosophical concerns, though more creative uses began to appear in this time as well. In Section 3, I explore more recent history, when conlangs were believed to have practical purposes as lingua francas to bridge linguistic divides between communities. This period also saw the further development of conlanging as an art form, most notably by J. R. R. Tolkien, setting the stage for the current era of conlanging, discussed in Section 4, where conlanging’s status as art and even as a profession has been solidified. -
Towards a Linguistic Worldview for Artificial Languages (PDF)
UNIWERSYTET IM. ADAMA MICKIEWICZA WYDZIAŁ NEOFILOLOGII INSTYTUT JĘZYKOZNAWSTWA TOWARDS A LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW FOR ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES IDA STRIA Rozprawa doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem prof. UAM dr hab. Ilony Koutny Poznań 2015 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my both supervisors: the initial one, Professor Jerzy Pogonowski, who guided my interest towards artificial languages, for his patience and leniency, and the final one, Professor Ilona Koutny, to whom I am truly indebted for her relentless support and belief in me. No short note can express how great her help was. I would also like to thank my colleagues from the Institute of Linguistics, particularly from the Department of Applied Logic, for their invaluable tips and encouragement (special thanks to Sławek and Agnieszka). My thanks also go to Michael Farris for putting up with my English. Finally, I wish to thank my husband for his love. Q: How many Lojbanists does it take to change a broken light bulb? A: Two: one to decide what to change it into and one to figure out what kind of bulb emits broken light. All errors are my own. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 2 List of figures ........................................................................................................... 4 List of tables............................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................... -
H. SIELENS Journaliste E Problème De La
H. SIELENS Journaliste e problème de la J 'esperanto fit son apparition dans le monde DE GRANDS PENSEURS le 21 juillet 1887 et compte actuelle- POSENT LA QUESTION ment des milliers d'adeptes dans tous les pays En premier lieu ce sont des philosophes de civilisés. A l'occasion du soixantième anniver- saire de cette langue auxiliaire internationale, premier plan qui s'intéressent á la question nous avons pensé pouvoir présenter dans „De- de la langue universelle: main" une étude d'ensemble sur le problème C'est ainsi que René Descartes (Cartesius de la Iangue mondiale. 1596-1650) , Jan . Komensky (Comenius 1592- Ce problème devient de plus en plus actuel 1670), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646- en ce moment; il est en corrélation étroite avec 1716), John Locke (1632-1704), G. Dalgarno les principes politiques, sociaux et économi- (1627-1687), John Wilkins (1614-1672), ques; il intéresse toujours davantage les phi- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) et beaucoup lologues d'autres dont les noms sont moins retentis- et parmi eux des linguistes de répu- sants, montrèrent la nécessité de mettre en tation internationale et les organisations économiques, politiques et sociales tant natio- usage une langue internationale ou d'en élabo- nales qu'internationales. rer une. Plus, il ne se contentèrent pas d'attirer l'at- LE VERITABLE PROBLEME tention sur le problème, ils n'y auraient e problème essentiel de la langue artificielle eu qu'un mince mérite mais quelques-uns se posa du fait que le grand nombre et la di- d'entre eux s'en occupèrent activement. versité considérable des langues constituent Il en fut ainsi du philosophe René Descartes, un obstacle très grave dans les relations inter- qui dans une lettre écrite à son ami intime nationales; celles-ci sont aussi difficiles à l'abbé français Mersenne, le 20 novembre nouer qu'à entretenir. -
The Case of Correlatives: a Comparison Between Natural and Planned Languages
Federico Gobbo 45 Journal of Universal Language 12-2 September 2011, 45-79 The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages Federico Gobbo University of Insubria 1 Abstract Since the publication of Volapük, the most important functional and deictic words present in grammar—interrogative, relative and demonstrative pronouns, and adjectives among others—have been described in planned grammars in a series or a table, namely “correlatives,” showing a considerable level of regularity. This article compares the degree of regularity in the correlatives series of International Auxiliary Languages (IALs) with the correlative series of natural languages of the world—e.g., with a special attention English, French, German, and Latin, i.e., the languages that influenced directly the most important IALs, from Volapük (1879) to IALA’s Interlingua (1951). Moreover, some examples in languages not belonging to the Standard Average European (SAE) sprachbund are presented for control. Finally, the correlatives of Klingon and Na’vi, two languages planned in recent times, not for auxiliary but for fictional purposes, are presented by contrast. The Federico Gobbo Centro di Ricerca “Informatica Interattiva” - via Mazzini 5 – IT- 21100 Varese Phone 0039-3455135665; Email: [email protected] Received July 22, 2011; Revised September 10, 2011; Accepted September 15, 2011. 46 The Case of Correlatives main result of this comparison is that, in the case of correlatives, some natural languages are surprisingly far more regular than their planned daughters, in spite of the fact that regularity was a major claim of the efforts in planning IALs during the late XIX and early XX centuries in Europe. -
LCSH Section L
L (The sound) L1 algebras La Bonte Creek (Wyo.) [P235.5] UF Algebras, L1 UF LaBonte Creek (Wyo.) BT Consonants BT Harmonic analysis BT Rivers—Wyoming Phonetics Locally compact groups La Bonte Station (Wyo.) L.17 (Transport plane) L2TP (Computer network protocol) UF Camp Marshall (Wyo.) USE Scylla (Transport plane) [TK5105.572] Labonte Station (Wyo.) L-29 (Training plane) UF Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (Computer network BT Pony express stations—Wyoming USE Delfin (Training plane) protocol) Stagecoach stations—Wyoming L-98 (Whale) BT Computer network protocols La Borde Site (France) USE Luna (Whale) L98 (Whale) USE Borde Site (France) L. A. Franco (Fictitious character) USE Luna (Whale) La Bourdonnaye family (Not Subd Geog) USE Franco, L. A. (Fictitious character) LA 1 (La.) La Braña Region (Spain) L.A.K. Reservoir (Wyo.) USE Louisiana Highway 1 (La.) USE Braña Region (Spain) USE LAK Reservoir (Wyo.) La-5 (Fighter plane) La Branche, Bayou (La.) L.A. Noire (Game) USE Lavochkin La-5 (Fighter plane) UF Bayou La Branche (La.) UF Los Angeles Noire (Game) La-7 (Fighter plane) Bayou Labranche (La.) BT Video games USE Lavochkin La-7 (Fighter plane) Labranche, Bayou (La.) L.C.C. (Life cycle costing) La Albarrada, Battle of, Chile, 1631 BT Bayous—Louisiana USE Life cycle costing USE Albarrada, Battle of, Chile, 1631 La Brea Avenue (Los Angeles, Calif.) L.C. Smith shotgun (Not Subd Geog) La Albufereta de Alicante Site (Spain) This heading is not valid for use as a geographic UF Smith shotgun USE Albufereta de Alicante Site (Spain) subdivision. BT Shotguns La Alcarria Plateau (Spain) UF Brea Avenue (Los Angeles, Calif.) L Class (Destroyers : 1939-1948) (Not Subd Geog) USE Alcarria Plateau (Spain) BT Streets—California UF Laforey Class (Destroyers : 1939-1948) La Alcudia Site (Spain) La Brea Pits (Calif.) BT Destroyers (Warships) USE Alcudia Site (Spain) UF La Brea Tar Pits (Calif.) L. -
The Intercultural Role of Esperanto Interkultura Rolo De Esperanto Międzykulturowa Rola Esperanta
Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Studies 2 The Intercultural Role of Esperanto Interkultura rolo de Esperanto Międzykulturowa rola esperanta Editors – Redaktoroj – Redakcja Ilona Koutny & Ida Stria & Michael Farris Poznań 2021 The Intercultural Role of Esperanto Interkultura rolo de Esperanto Międzykulturowa rola esperanta 1 2 Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza – Adam Mickiewicz University Instytut Etnolingwistyki – Institute of Ethnolinguistcs The Intercultural Role of Esperanto Interkultura rolo de Esperanto Międzykulturowa rola esperanta Editors – Redaktoroj – Redakcja Ilona Koutny & Ida Stria & Michael Farris Poznań 2021 3 Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Studies 2 Redaktor serii – Series editor: Ilona Koutny Recenzenci: Probal Dasgupta Nicolau Dols Salas Michael Farris Sabine Fiedler Wim Jansen Kimura Goro Ilona Koutny Carlo Minnaja Humphrey Tonkin Projekt okładki: Ilona Koutny Copyright by: Aŭtoroj – Authors – Autorzy Copyright by: Wydawnictwo Rys Wydanie I, Poznań 2021 ISBN 978-83-66666-31-3 DOI 10.48226/978-83-66666-31-3 Wydanie: Wydawnictwo Rys ul. Kolejowa 41 62-070 Dąbrówka tel. 600 44 55 80 e-mail: [email protected] www.wydawnictworys.com 4 Contents – Enhavtabelo – Spis treści Antaŭparolo / Foreword / Przedmowa ....................................................................................7 1. Esperanto: ligilo inter kulturoj / Esperanto: a link between cultures / Esperanto: łącznik między kulturami Carlo Minnaja Literaturo, peranto inter unuopuloj kaj inter popoloj ............................................................17 -
English-Language Translation
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English-language Translation Bc. Jakub Čumíček Translation of Constructed Languages in Literature Master‟s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Ing. Mgr. Jiří Rambousek, Ph.D. 2019 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author‟s signature Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Language ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Constructed Languages ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1 Terminology regarding constructed languages....................................................................... 14 3.2 History of constructed languages ........................................................................................... 18 4. Theoretical background for the analysis ....................................................................................... 29 4.1 Roles and functions ................................................................................................................. 29 4.2 Translation strategies .............................................................................................................. 33 4.2.1 Retention -
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY Manuscripts Berliner Handschrift, Lat. Quart. 674. (B) Riesencodex: Hessische Landesbibliothek Wiesbaden MS. 2. (R) Theologische Sammelhandschrift: codex theol. et phil. 4º 253, Stuttgart (S) Primary Texts: Editions and Translations “Actes de Philippe.” Translated by Bertrand Bouvier and François Bovon. In Écrits apocryphes chrétiens. Edited by François Bovon and Pierre Geoltrain. Paris: Gallimard, 1997, pp. 1179–1320. Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius. Three Books of Occult Philosophy. Completely anno- tated with modern commentary. Edited by Donald Tyson. St. Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications, 2004. Based on the original translation by James Freake. London: Gregory Moule, 1651. The Apocryphal New Testament, Being the Apocryphal Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses with Other narratives and Fragments. Translated by M(ontague) R(hodes) James. Oxford: Clarendon, 1924, 1989. Augustine. Against the Academicians, The Teacher. Translated by Peter King. Indianapolis, Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1995 ———. De Magistro, Corpus christianorum series latina, vol. 19/11.2. Edited by. K.-D. Daur. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1970. Bernard of Clairvaux. The Letters of Bernard of Clairvaux. Translated by Bruno Scott James. Kalamazoo: Michigan: Cistercian Publications, 1998. Copenhaver, Brian P., trans. Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a New English Transation, with Notes and Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Meister Eckhart: Selected Writings. Translated by Oliver Davies. London: New York: 1994. Elgin, Suzette Haden. A First Dictionary and Grammar of Láadan. Madison, Wisconsin: Society for the Furtherance and Study of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Inc., 1985. Elisabeth of Schönau. The Complete Works. Translated by Anne L. Clark New York: Paulist Press, 2000. 232 BIBLIOGRAPHY Hildegard of Bingen.