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Hadron Spectroscopy, Structure and Interactions David Richards Jefferson Lab Hadron Spectroscopy, Structure and Interactions David Richards Jefferson Lab Annual Progress reviews of LQCD-ext and LQCD ARRA projects FNAL May 10-11, 2011 1 GOALS • Understanding structure, spectroscopy and interactions of hadrons from QCD is the central challenge of nuclear physics • How are charge, current and spin distributed in the nucleon? • What are the effective degrees of freedom describing the low-energy spectrum of the theory? • How does the nucleon-nucleon and hadron-hadron interaction arise from QCD? 2 Hadron Structure NSAC Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan: What is the internal landscape of the nucleons ? • The distribution of quarks and gluons inside nucleons • The spin structure of protons and neutrons • Glue in the proton’s spin NSAC Milestones in Hadronic Physics http://science.energy.gov/~/media/np/nsac/pdf/docs/perfmeasevalfinal.pdf HP9 (2014) “Perform lattice calculations in full QCD of nucleon form factors, low moments of nucleon structure functions and low moments of generalized parton distributions including flavor and spin dependence” Address key elements of DOEs experimental programs • quark distributions: HERMES, Fermilab, LHC • form factors, GPDs: JLab • contributions to the nucleon spin: JLab, RHIC-spin, future EIC • Transverse-momentum-dependent distributions: JLab, RHIC-spin, future EIC 3 Generalized Parton Distributions Deep Inelastic Elastic Scattering Scattering transverse quark Deep Exclusive Scattering longitudinal distribution in fully-correlated quark quark distribution Coordinate space distribution in both coordinate in momentum space (charge and current densities) and momentum space (momentum and (Generalized Parton Distributions) X. Ji, D. Müller, A. Radyushkin (1994-1997) 4 Origin of the nucleon spin quark spin: 1 ∆Σ = 1 1 2 2 ∆u+∆d !"#$"%& LHPC results RBC/LHPC lattices + forward propagators arrows: masses for current domain wall calculations disconnected diagrams not yet included 5 Origin of the nucleon spin J = 1 [Au+d(0) + Bu+d(0)] = 1 [ x + Bu+d(0)] Ji Sum Rule: q 2 20 20 2 u+d 20 LHPC Surprises: Total L negligible Spin and L in opposite directions 2011-2012 Plans 51% of spin must be from glue Hadron structure on 323 64 LHPC/RBC (UKQCD) × lattices at mπ = 180 and 250 MeV 6 (semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering) SIDIS Cf: measured in Drell-Yan, eg at e.g., RHIC-spin Transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) from experiment, HERMES, COMPASS, JLab 6 GeV, JLab 12 GeV , ... , EIC 7 final state interactions! signature of QCD! explain large asymmetries otherwise forbidden! Transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) Lattice QCD, including effect of final state interactions BoerMulders Shift 0.4 GeV 0.2 0 1 1 f process-dependence! 0.0 1 down quarks, 1 1 0.2 h Ζ 0.78, N m BT 0.36 fm 0.4 DY preliminary SIDIS 10 5 0 5 10 staple extent Η v lattice units new calculations with 0.0 Boer Mulders Shift SIDIS extended operator 0.1 total GeV 0 contrib. from A ? 4 1 0.2 1 preliminary results f mπ=500 MeV, 1 0.3 down quarks, MILC lattices, 1 1 0.36 fm BT LHPC propagators h Boer-Mulders function : N 0.4 m Collins-Soper-evolution odd signal (SIDIS vs. Drell-Yan) 0.5 preliminary still far from light cone 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 ⇒ Proposal to study pion TMDs Ζ 8 Hadron Structure in 2011-2012 • Norman Christ Simulations with Dynamical Domain-wall Fermions • Sergey Syritsyn Nucleon Structure in the Chiral Regime with Domain Wall Fermions – Calculations close to the physical quark masses, with control over systematic effects • Bernhard Musch The Boer-Mulders Function of the Pion • Dru Renner Step-scaling methods for QCD form factors at large Q2 • Keh-Fei Liu Hadron Spectroscopy and Nucleon Form Factors • James Osborn Disconnected contributions to nucleon form factors with chiral fermions • Michael Engelhardt Spin polarizability of the neutron Flavor-singlet contributions to hadron structure 9 Excited-State Spectrum of QCD • Why is it important? – What are the key degrees of freedom describing the bound states? – What is the role of the gluon in the spectrum – search for exotics? – What is the origin of confinement, describing 99% of observed matter? – If QCD is correct and we understand it, expt. data must confront ab initio calculations • NSAC Milestones in hadronic physics • “Complete the combined analysis of available data on single π, η, and K photo-production of nucleon resonances…” (HP3:2009) • “Measure the electromagnetic excitations of low-lying baryon states (<2 GeV) and their transition form factors…” (HP12) • “First results on the search for exotic mesons using photon beams will be completed” (HP15) • Complementarity to ‘Hot QCD’ program – EOS close to phase transition and hadron gas model – “Workshop on Excited Hadronic States and the Deconfinement Transition”, JLab, Feb 23-25, 2011 - expt + lattice + QCD-inspired models from both (cold + hot QCD!) communities Hall D@JLab 10 Excited states from LQCD • Anisotropic lattices with Nf=2+1 dynamical fermions – Temporal lattice spacing at < as (spatial lattice spacing) – High temporal resolution Resolve noisy & excited states – Major project within USQCD – Hadron Spectrum Collab. • Extended operators – Subduction: sufficient derivatives: nonzero overlap at origin • Variational method: – Distillation: matrix of correlators: project onto excited states M. Peardon et al., PRD80,054506 (2009) (2) B A CM (t,t)=Tr Φ (t) τ(t,t) Φ (t) τ(t, t) A A Φαβ(t)=V †(t) Γ (t) αβ V (t) Perambulators: inversion of Dirac 1 Matrix ταβ(t,t)=V †(t)Mαβ− (t,t)V (t), 11 New Science Reach with GPUs • Gauge generation: (next dataset) – INCITE: Crays BG/P-s, ~ 16K – 24K cores ~ 10 Tflops – Double precision } Capability • Analysis (existing dataset): two-classes – Propagators (Dirac matrix inversions) • Few GPU level ~ 10 Tflops • Single + half precision • No memory error-correction Capacity – Contractions: } • Clusters: few cores • Double precision + large memory footprint ~ 1 Tflops 2010-2011 lattices: 243 128 2011-2012 lattices: 323 256 × × B. Joo et al, SciDAC 2010 ! " ' ( & ' % & $ % # $ !" ! "# 12 Isovector Meson Spectrum 2.5 dynamical quenched 2.0 Hall D@JLab 1.5 dynamical USQCD calculation vs. world “lightest” exotic 1-+ 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 J. Dudek, 2011 Early Career Research Award, Meson Spectroscopy from QCD 13 Isoscalar Meson Spectrum Isoscalar requires disconnected contributions Require perambulators Dominated by quark-propagator at each timeslice inversions - ENABLED BY GPU 1 † τq(t1,t2)=Vt1 Mq− (t1,t2)Vt2 t t J. Dudek et al., arXiv:1102.4299 negative parity positive parity exotics 2.5 • Spin-identified single-particle spectrum: states of spin as high as four 2.0 • Hidden flavor mixing angles extracted - except 0-+, 1++ near ideal mixing • First determination of exotic isoscalar 1.5 states: comparable in mass to isovector 1.0 isoscalar 0.5 isovector YM glueball 14 Momentum-dependent I = 2 ππ Phase Shift Dudek et al., Phys Rev D83, 071504 (2011) Luescher: energy levels at finite volume ↔ phase shift at corresponding k det e2iδ(k) U k L =0 − Γ 2π Matrix in l lattice irrep Γ,γ ,m m Operator basis ππ ( p )= Y (ˆp) π(p) π( p) O | | SΓ,γ O O − m pˆ Total momentum zero - pion momentum ±p 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 5 -10 l =2 l =0 0 -20 -30 -5 -40 -50 -10 Hoogland -60 Losty Cohen Hoogland expt. Losty Durusoy Cohen expt. Durusoy -70 -15 15 Excited Baryon Spectrum - I • Major challenge: identifying continuum spins of single-particle states in lattice QCD • Construct basis of 3-quark interpolating operators in the continuum: 7 J= 1 [2] 2 N 3 − D M ⊗ 2 M ⊗ L=2,S [J] J,M [J,M] • Subduce to lattice irreps: n = n : Λ = G ,H ,G O Λ,r S Λ,r O 1g/u g/u 2g/u 2.0 M Hu R.G.Edwards et al., arXiv:1104.5152 1.8 3 16 128 lattices mπ = 524, 444 and 396 MeV 1.6 × 1.4 Observe remarkable realization of rotational symmetry at hadronic scale: reliably determine 1.2 spins up to 7/2, for the first time in a lattice calculation 1.0 0.8 0.6 Continuum antecedents 16 Excited Baryon Spectrum - II • Broad features of SU(6)xO(3) symmetry • Counting of states consistent with NR quark model • Inconsistent with quark-diquark picture or parity doubling + [70,1-] [70,1-] [56,0 ] [56,0+] N 1/2+ sector: need for complete basis to faithfully extract states 17 Polarizabilities using Lattice QCD Response of hadron to background EM field Calculation dominated by inversion of Dirac matrix in background field - enabled by GPU 323 256 anisotropic clover × ElectroMagnetic Collaboration N:I mΠ390 2 N:I mΠ223 4 0.184 0.214 0.182 0.212 0.180 0.210 0.178 Neutron E 0.208 E t t a a 0.176 polarizability 0.206 0.174 0.204 0.172 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 at as e at as e N:I m 223 4 N:I mΠ390 2 Π 40 40 60 60 latt latt Μ 80 Μ 80 100 100 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 a a e at as e t s 18 Spectroscopy in 2011-2012 Edwards, Richards Spectroscopy on anisotropic clover lattices • Distillation - method of computing correlation functions for both single and multi-particle operators - single-hadron spin-identified spectrum • GPUs: efficient computational engine for Dirac matrix inversions • Demonstration of Luscher method: energy dependent phase shifts in non- resonant channel Spectroscopy, including multi-particle contributions,
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