Institut Für Kernphysik Jahresbericht 2004/2005
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Pioneering Project Research Activity Report 新領域開拓課題 研究業績報告書
Pioneering Project Research Activity Report 新領域開拓課題 研究業績報告書 Fundamental Principles Underlying the Hierarchy of Matter 物質階層原理 Lead Researcher: Reizo KATO 研究代表者:加藤 礼三 From April 2017 to March 2020 Heterogeneity at Materials Interfaces ヘテロ界面 Lead Researcher: Yousoo Kim 研究代表者:金 有洙 From April 2018 to March 2020 RIKEN May 2020 Contents I. Outline 1 II. Research Achievements and Future Prospects 65 III. Research Highlights 85 IV. Reference Data 139 Outline -1- / Outline of two projects Fundamental Principles Underlying the Hierarchy of Matter: A Comprehensive Experimental Study / • Outline of the Project This five-year project lead by Dr. R. Kato is the collaborative effort of eight laboratories, in which we treat the hierarchy of matter from hadrons to biomolecules with three underlying and interconnected key concepts: interaction, excitation, and heterogeneity. The project consists of experimental research conducted using cutting-edge technologies, including lasers, signal processing and data acquisition, and particle beams at RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) and RIKEN Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). • Physical and chemical views of matter lead to major discoveries Although this project is based on the physics and chemistry of non-living systems, we constantly keep all types of matter, including living matter, in our mind. The importance of analyzing matter from physical and chemical points of view was demonstrated in the case of DNA. The Watson-Crick model of DNA was developed based on the X-ray diffraction, which is a physical measurement. The key feature of this model is the hydrogen bonding that occurs between DNA base pairs. Watson and Crick learned about hydrogen bonding in the renowned book “The Nature of the Chemical Bond,” written by their competitor, L. -
A Bridge Between Nuclear and Particle Physics
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Related content - What’s Next for Particle Physics?: Modern hadron spectroscopy: a bridge between Introduction M White nuclear and particle physics. - Light Hadron Spectroscopy at BESIII Jifeng Hu and BESIII Collaboration To cite this article: A. P. Szczepaniak 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1014 012017 - Progress in light hadron spectroscopy at BESIII W C Yan View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 131.169.5.251 on 15/05/2018 at 23:01 International Workshop "Nuclear Reactions on Nucleons and Nuclei" IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1014 (2018) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1014/1/012017 Modern hadron spectroscopy: a bridge between nuclear and particle physics. A. P. Szczepaniak Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA, Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA, Theory Center, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. In this talk I discuss aspects of hadron physics, which soon are expected to shed new light on the fundamental QCD phenomena. In the analysis of hadron reactions and their propertieds I emphasize similarities to the nuclear many body problem. 1. Introduction The vast majority of nuclear phenomena can be understood using protons and neutrons as elementary constituents and the nonrelativistic interactions among them. On the other hand, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which is the underlying theory of nuclear forces, describes the relativistic quarks and gluons as the fundamental degrees of freedom. -
100 Jahre Physik in Frankfurt Am Main in Der Reihenfolge Ihrer Tätigkeit an Der Universität
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 5 100 Jahre Physik in Frankfurt am Main in der Reihenfolge ihrer Tätigkeit an der Universität Einleitung von Klaus Bethge und Claudia Freudenberger 9 Zum Fachbereich Physik von Wolf Aßtnus 17 1907- 1927 Martin Brendel (1862 - 1939) von Wilhelm H. Kegel 21 1908-1932 Richard Wachsmuth (1868 - 1941) von Walter Saltzer 36 1914-1917 Max von Laue (1879 - 1960) von Friedrich Beck 52 1914-1922 Otto Stern (1888 - 1969) von Immanuel Estermann 76 1919-1921 Max Born (1882 - 1970) von Friedrich Hund 91 1914-1922 Alfred Lande (1888 - 1976) von Azim O. Barut 120 1920- 1925 Walther Gerlach (1889 - 1979) von Helmut Rechenberg 131 1921 - 1949 Erwin Madelung (1881 - 1972) von Ulrich E. Schröder 152 1921 - 1934 und 1953 - 1963 Friedrich Dessauer (1881 - 1963) von Wolfgang Pohlit 168 http://d-nb.info/105995575X 6 PHYSIKER AN DER GOETHE-UNIVERSITÄT 1924 - 1933 Cornelius Lanczos (1893 - 1974) von Helmut Rechenberg 194 1925 - 1937 Karl Wilhelm Meissner (1891 - 1959) von Jörg Kummer 208 1928 - 1933 Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906 - 2005) von Horst Schmidt-Böcking 221 1932- 1951 Max Seddig (1877 - 1963) von Günter Haase 242 1934- 1966 Boris Rajewsky (1893 - 1974) von Erwin Schopper 252 1938 - 1961 Marianus Czerny (1896 - 1985) von Helmut A. Müser 275 1940 - 1970 Willy Hartner (1905 - 1981) von Matthias Schramm 315 1937 - 1945 Wolfgang Gentner (1906 - 1980) von Ulrich Schmidt-Rohr 332 1951 - 1972 Hermann Dänzer (1904 - 1987) von Jörg Kummer 350 1946- 1973 Bernhard Mrowka (1907 - 1973) von Dieter Langbein 361 1958 - 1977 Wolfgang Gleißberg (1903 - 1986) von Wilhelm H. Kegel 371 1960-1981 Rainer Bass (1930 - 1981) von Klaus Bethge 382 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 7 1964- 1969 Heinz Bilz (1926 - 1986) von Ulrich Schröder 391 1951 - 1956 Friedrich Hund (1896 - 1997) von Ulrich E. -
STRANGE MESON SPECTROSCOPY in Km and K$ at 11 Gev/C and CHERENKOV RING IMAGING at SLD *
SLAC-409 UC-414 (E/I) STRANGE MESON SPECTROSCOPY IN Km AND K$ AT 11 GeV/c AND CHERENKOV RING IMAGING AT SLD * Youngjoon Kwon Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University Stanford, CA 94309 January 1993 Prepared for the Department of Energy uncer contract number DE-AC03-76SF005 15 Printed in the United States of America. Available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. * Ph.D. thesis ii Abstract This thesis consists of two independent parts; development of Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector (GRID) system and analysis of high-statistics data of strange meson reactions from the LASS spectrometer. Part I: The CIUD system is devoted to charged particle identification in the SLAC Large Detector (SLD) to study e+e- collisions at ,/Z = mzo. By measuring the angles of emission of the Cherenkov photons inside liquid and gaseous radiators, r/K/p separation will be achieved up to N 30 GeV/c. The signals from CRID are read in three coordinates, one of which is measured by charge-division technique. To obtain a N 1% spatial resolution in the charge- division, low-noise CRID preamplifier prototypes were developed and tested re- sulting in < 1000 electrons noise for an average photoelectron signal with 2 x lo5 gain. To help ensure the long-term stability of CRID operation at high efficiency, a comprehensive monitoring and control system was developed. This system contin- uously monitors and/or controls various operating quantities such as temperatures, pressures, and flows, mixing and purity of the various fluids. -
Sterns Lebensdaten Und Chronologie Seines Wirkens
Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens Diese Chronologie von Otto Sterns Wirken basiert auf folgenden Quellen: 1. Otto Sterns selbst verfassten Lebensläufen, 2. Sterns Briefen und Sterns Publikationen, 3. Sterns Reisepässen 4. Sterns Züricher Interview 1961 5. Dokumenten der Hochschularchive (17.2.1888 bis 17.8.1969) 1888 Geb. 17.2.1888 als Otto Stern in Sohrau/Oberschlesien In allen Lebensläufen und Dokumenten findet man immer nur den VornamenOt- to. Im polizeilichen Führungszeugnis ausgestellt am 12.7.1912 vom königlichen Polizeipräsidium Abt. IV in Breslau wird bei Stern ebenfalls nur der Vorname Otto erwähnt. Nur im Emeritierungsdokument des Carnegie Institutes of Tech- nology wird ein zweiter Vorname Otto M. Stern erwähnt. Vater: Mühlenbesitzer Oskar Stern (*1850–1919) und Mutter Eugenie Stern geb. Rosenthal (*1863–1907) Nach Angabe von Diana Templeton-Killan, der Enkeltochter von Berta Kamm und somit Großnichte von Otto Stern (E-Mail vom 3.12.2015 an Horst Schmidt- Böcking) war Ottos Großvater Abraham Stern. Abraham hatte 5 Kinder mit seiner ersten Frau Nanni Freund. Nanni starb kurz nach der Geburt des fünften Kindes. Bald danach heiratete Abraham Berta Ben- der, mit der er 6 weitere Kinder hatte. Ottos Vater Oskar war das dritte Kind von Berta. Abraham und Nannis erstes Kind war Heinrich Stern (1833–1908). Heinrich hatte 4 Kinder. Das erste Kind war Richard Stern (1865–1911), der Toni Asch © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland 2018 325 H. Schmidt-Böcking, A. Templeton, W. Trageser (Hrsg.), Otto Sterns gesammelte Briefe – Band 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55735-8 326 Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens heiratete. -
Snowmass 2021 Letter of Interest: Hadron Spectroscopy at Belle II
Snowmass 2021 Letter of Interest: Hadron Spectroscopy at Belle II on behalf of the U.S. Belle II Collaboration D. M. Asner1, Sw. Banerjee2, J. V. Bennett3, G. Bonvicini4, R. A. Briere5, T. E. Browder6, D. N. Brown2, C. Chen7, D. Cinabro4, J. Cochran7, L. M. Cremaldi3, A. Di Canto1, K. Flood6, B. G. Fulsom8, R. Godang9, W. W. Jacobs10, D. E. Jaffe1, K. Kinoshita11, R. Kroeger3, R. Kulasiri12, P. J. Laycock1, K. A. Nishimura6, T. K. Pedlar13, L. E. Piilonen14, S. Prell7, C. Rosenfeld15, D. A. Sanders3, V. Savinov16, A. J. Schwartz11, J. Strube8, D. J. Summers3, S. E. Vahsen6, G. S. Varner6, A. Vossen17, L. Wood8, and J. Yelton18 1Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 2University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 3University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677 4Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 5Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 6University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 7Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 8Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 9University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688 10Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408 11University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 12Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144 13Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101 14Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 15University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 16University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 17Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 18University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Corresponding Author: B. G. Fulsom (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), [email protected] Thematic Area(s): (RF07) Hadron Spectroscopy 1 Abstract: The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider is a substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. -
Obituary : Walter Greiner
Obituary : Walter Greiner Walter Greiner, one of the leading theoretical physicists of after-war Germany, who taught and conducted research at Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main for five decades, died October 5, 2016, at his home in Kelkheim, near Frankfurt. He was born on 29 October 1935 in Neuenbau, Land of Thüringen. He studied Physics in Frankfurt and Darmstadt, and earned the doctoral degree in 1961 from the University of Freiburg, with a thesis entitled “The nuclear polarization in μ-mesoatoms”, under the supervision of Hans Marschall, a theoretical physicist, former assistant of Siegfried Flügge in Göttingen and co-author of the famous book on Quantum Mechanics “Rechenmethoden der Quantentheorie”. In 1983 Walter Greiner recalled that the well-known Rotation-Vibration model of nuclei, proposed by him and A. Faessler, appeared under the influence of H. Marschall. Between 1962-1964 W.G. was Assistant Professor at the University of Maryland. In 1965 he obtained the position of Ordinarius at the Institute of Theoretical Physics (J.W. Goethe University) where he held the directorship for three decades. Before him this institute was directed by brilliant physicists such as Max von Laue, Max Born, Friedrich Hund and Erwin Madelung. In the '60, Walter Greiner played an instrumental role in the development of Heavy Ion research in the Federal Republic of Germany, an effort that lead to one of the largest facilities of this type in the world: Gesselschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI-Darmstadt). In 2003 he retired from the faculty and founded the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), where he was director for several years. -
Otto Stern Annalen 4.11.11
(To be published by Annalen der Physik in December 2011) Otto Stern (1888-1969): The founding father of experimental atomic physics J. Peter Toennies,1 Horst Schmidt-Böcking,2 Bretislav Friedrich,3 Julian C.A. Lower2 1Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen 2Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt 3Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin Keywords History of Science, Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Stern- Gerlach experiment, molecular beams, space quantization, magnetic dipole moments of nucleons, diffraction of matter waves, Nobel Prizes, University of Zurich, University of Frankfurt, University of Rostock, University of Hamburg, Carnegie Institute. We review the work and life of Otto Stern who developed the molecular beam technique and with its aid laid the foundations of experimental atomic physics. Among the key results of his research are: the experimental test of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities (1920), experimental demonstration of space quantization of angular momentum (1922), diffraction of matter waves comprised of atoms and molecules by crystals (1931) and the determination of the magnetic dipole moments of the proton and deuteron (1933). 1 Introduction Short lists of the pioneers of quantum mechanics featured in textbooks and historical accounts alike typically include the names of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Arnold Sommerfeld, Niels Bohr, Max von Laue, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac, Max Born, and Wolfgang Pauli on the theory side, and of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Ernest Rutherford, Arthur Compton, and James Franck on the experimental side. However, the records in the Archive of the Nobel Foundation as well as scientific correspondence, oral-history accounts and scientometric evidence suggest that at least one more name should be added to the list: that of the “experimenting theorist” Otto Stern. -
Hadron Spectroscopy, Baryon Spectroscopy and Meson
Integrative Molecular Medicine Image ISSN: 2056-6360 Hadron spectroscopy, baryon spectroscopy and meson spectroscopy comparative study on malignant and benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation Alireza Heidari* Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA In the current study, we have experimentally and comparatively investigated and compared malignant human cancer cells and tissues before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Hadron spectroscopy, Baryon spectroscopy and Meson spectroscopy. In the current study, we have experimentally and comparatively investigated and compared malignant human cancer cells and tissues before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Hadron spectroscopy, Baryon spectroscopy and Meson spectroscopy. It is clear that malignant human cancer cells and tissues have gradually transformed to benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation with the passing of time (Figures 1-3) [1-198]. It can be concluded that malignant human cancer cells and tissues have gradually transformed to benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation with the passing of time (Figures 1-3) [1- 198]. Figure 2. Baryon spectroscopy analysis of malignant human cancer cells and tissues (a) before and (b) after irradiating of synchrotron radiation in transformation process to benign human cancer cells and tissues with the passing of time [1-198] *Correspondence to: Alireza Heidari, Faculty of Chemistry, California -
Time–Resolved Resonance FT–IR and Raman Spectroscopy And
Global Imaging Insights Image ISSN: 2399-7397 Time–resolved resonance FT–IR and raman spectroscopy and density functional theory investigation of vibronic– mode coupling structure in vibrational spectra of nano- polypeptide macromolecule beyond the multi–dimensional franck–condon integrals approximation and density matrix method Alireza Heidari1,2*, Jennifer Esposito1 and Angela Caissutti1 1Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA 2American International Standards Institute, Irvine, CA 3800, USA Abstract A macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as protein, commonly created by the polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers). They are typically composed of thousands of atoms or more. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) and large non–polymeric molecules (such as lipids and macrocycles). Synthetic macromolecules include common plastics and synthetic fibers as well as experimental materials such as carbon nanotubes. Parameters such as FT –IR and Raman vibrational wavelengths and intensities for single crystal Nano polypeptide macromolecule are calculated using density functional theory and were compared with empirical results. The investigation about vibrational spectrum of cycle dimers in crystal with carboxyl groups from each molecule of acid was shown that it leads to create Hydrogen bonds for adjacent molecules. The current study aimed to investigate the possibility of simulating the empirical values. Analysis of vibrational spectrum of Nano polypeptide macromolecule is performed based on theoretical simulation and FT–IR empirical spectrum and Raman empirical spectrum using density functional theory in levels of HF/6–31G*, HF/6–31++G**, MP2/6–31G, MP2/6– 31++G**, BLYP/6–31G, BLYP/6–31++G**, B3LYP/6–31G and B3LYP6–31–HEG**. -
Hadron Spectroscopyspectroscopy Inin Diffractivediffractive Andand Centralcentral Productionproduction Processesprocesses Atat COMPASSCOMPASS
HadronHadron spectroscopyspectroscopy inin diffractivediffractive andand centralcentral productionproduction processesprocesses atat COMPASSCOMPASS Prometeusz Jasinski for the COMPASS collaboration - Diffraction 2010 - Beyond the qq model Constituent quark model QCD prediction: meson states beyond Color neutral qq systems Hybrids: qqg Quantum numbers (IG) JPC Tetraquarks: (qq)(qq) P=(-1)L+1 C=(-1)L+S G=(-1)I+L+1 → “Spin exotics” JPC multiplets: 0++, 0-+, 1--, 1+-, 1++, 2++, … -- +- -+ +- -+ Forbidden: 0 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , ... Glueballs: gg, ggg Production mechanisms Diffractive Scattering Central Production The COMPASS Spectrometer 2008/2009 The COMPASS Spectrometer 2008/2009 Beam properties Beam properties Beam energy 190 GeV/c² Beam energy 190 GeV/c² Beam composition: - - Beam composition: p -: K -: p = 0.97 : 0.024 : 0.008 p : K : p = 0.97 : 0.024 : 0.008 or + + or p +: K +: p = 0.24 : 0.014 : 0.75 p : K : p = 0.24 : 0.014 : 0.75 Up to 5 x 10⁶ particles/s Up to 5 x 10⁶ particles/s beam The COMPASS Spectrometer 2008/2009 CEDARCEDAR detectors detectors for for beambeam particle particle identification identification The COMPASS Spectrometer 2008/2009 CEDARCEDAR detectors detectors for for beambeam particle particle identification identification Cerenkov Differential counter with Achromatic Ring Focus The COMPASS Spectrometer 2008/2009 RecoilRecoil proton proton detecto detectorr aroundaround 4040 cm cm long long lH2 lH2 target target oror ArrayArray of of solid solid state state discs discs The COMPASS Spectrometer 2008/2009 The COMPASS Spectrometer 2008/2009 Further important upgrades ECALECAL Laser Laser monitoringmonitoring system, system, radhard glass, Sandwich veto radhard glass, Sandwich veto shashlikshashlik modules modules matchingmatching the the spectrometer spectrometer acceptanceacceptance RICHRICH upgrade in 2006 SeveralSeveral tracking tracking upgrade in 2006 detectorsdetectors upgraded: upgraded: coldcold Silicon Silicon stations, stations, PixelPixel GEMs, GEMs, Micromegas,Micromegas, .. -
YEARBOOK 2009/2010 Contents
YEARBOOK 2009/2010 Contents A Note of Welcome! 03 The Class of 2010 • ILF Exchange Student going to Columbia Law School 04 The ILF Student Internships 05 Visiting Professor & ILF Lecturers in 2009/2010 06 The ILF Boards 08 Members of the Governing Bodies of the ILF 09 Extra-Curricular & Social Events 10 The ILF as a Forum for Ideas 14 ILF Alumni 19 ILF Public Relations 20 Graduation 22 The Class of 2010 24 ILF Spring & Summer Schools 26 Our Sponsors/Giving 28 The ILF Team 31 A Note Dear Students, Members and Friends, This has been the second academic year in which we have operated out of the House of Finance on the University’s Campus Westend. Our students continue to enjoy the availability and convenience of the modern facilities at the House of Finance and the advantages of being located on a large and centralized university campus. In addition, the ILF benefited from being able to share resources and exchange information with the other institutions in the House of Finance. In January 2010, we welcomed our new Managing Director, Dr. Rolf Friedewald, who heads the ILF administrative team. We were kept very busy during the academic year with the organization of numerous conferences, symposia and guest lectures. The Corporate Finance Summit held in May 2010 with the support of Commerzbank, as well as the 2nd Economy, Criminal Law and Ethics (ECLE) Symposium in November 2009 drew crowds of participants. Many people also attended the guest lectures held during the year. Due to the topicality of the themes discussed, as well as the reputation and standing of the expert speakers at these events, the enthusiasm of the participants was over- Prof.