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Distribution and Endemism of Butterfly Species Recorded During the Study

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Appendix 3.1: Distribution and endemism of butterfly species recorded during the study a Family: Logged Pinus Common name Species Endemism Primary Home Subfamily forest forest plantations Acraeidae Tawny Coaster Telchinia violae Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Black Angle Tapena thwaitesi thwaitesi Not endemic 0 0 x x Hesperiidae Black Flat Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae Blank Swift Catloris kumara lanka Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Hesperiidae Brown Awl Badamia exclamationis Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Hesperiidae Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides singa Not endemic 0 0 x x Hesperiidae Ceylon Palm bob Suastus minuta minuta Not endemic 0 x x 0 Hesperiidae Ceylon Ace Halpe homolea ceylonica Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Ceylon Awl Hasora badra lanka Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae Ceylon Snow Flat Tagiades japetus obscurus Not endemic x 0 x x Hesperiidae Chestnut bob Lambrix salsala luteipalpus Not endemic 0 0 x x x x x x Hesperiidae Common banded demon Notocrypta paralysos alysia Not endemic Hesperiidae Common dart Potanthus pseudomaesa Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Common grass dart Taractrocera maevius Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Dark Cerulean Oriens goloides Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae Decorated Ace Thoressa decorata Endemic 0 x x 0 Hesperiidae Hedge Hopper Baracus vittatus vittatus Not endemic 0 x x 0 Hesperiidae Indian dart Potanthus pallida Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Indian Palmbob Suastus gremius subgrisea Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Indian Skipper Spialia galba Not endemic 0 0 x 3 Hesperiidae Pale Small-branded Swift Pelopidas thrax Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Philippine Swift Catloris philippina seriata Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Restricted demon Notocrypta curvifascia Not endemic x x 0 0 Hesperiidae Smallest Swift Panara bada bada Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Tree Flitter Hyarotis adrastus adrastus Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Hesperiidae Tropic Dart Potanthus confucius satra Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Water Snow Flat Tagiades litigiosa ceylonica Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae White banded Awl Hasora taminatus taminatus Not endemic x 0 0 0 Libytheidae Club Beak Libythea myrrha rama Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Aberrant Bush blue Arhopala abseus mackwoodi Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Lycaenidae Angled pierrot Caleta decidia Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Banded blue pierrot Discolampa ethion ethion Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Lycaenidae Ceylon Cerulean Jamides coruscans Endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Common Cerulean Jamides celeno tissama Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Common Lineblue Prosotas nora ardates Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Common pierrot Castalius rosimon Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Common Imperial Cheritra freja pseudojaffra Not endemic 0 0 x x Lycaenidae Dark Ceylon 6-lineblue Catopsilia crocale Not endemic x x 0 0 Lycaenidae Indian Cupid Everes lacturnus parrhasius Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Indian Sunbeam Curetis thetis Not endemic x 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Large 4-lineblue Nacaduba pactolus ceylonica Not endemic x 0 0 0 178 Lycaenidae Lime Blue Chilades lajus lajus Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Long banded silver-line Spindasis lohita lazularia Not endemic x 0 0 0 Lycaenidae Malayan Megisba malaya Not endemic 0 0 x x Lycaenidae Metallic Cerulean Jamides alecto meilichius Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Milky Cerulean Jamides lacteata Not endemic x 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Monkey-puzzle Rathinda amor Endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Nigger Orsotriaena medus mandata Not endemic 0 0 x x Lycaenidae Nilgiri Tit Hypolycaena nilgirica Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae One sport Grass Yellow Eurema ormistoni Endemic x x 0 x Lycaenidae Opaque 6-lineblue Nacaduba beroe minima Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Painted Saw-tooth Prioneris sita Not endemic x 0 0 0 Lycaenidae Pale Ceylon 6-lineblue Nacaduba sinhala Endemic x x 0 x Lycaenidae Peacock Royal Tajuria cippus longinu Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Plain Hedgeblue Celestrina lavendularis Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Lycaenidae Pointed Ciliated blue Anthene lycaenina lycaenina Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Read pierrot Talicada nyseus nyseus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Red Helen Papilio helenus mooreanus Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Rustic Cupha erymanthis placida Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Slate Flash Rapala manea schistacea Not endemic x 0 0 0 Lycaenidae Tailed jay Graphium agamemnon menides Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Three sport Grass Yellow Eurema blanda silhetana Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Tiny Grass blue Zizula hylax hylax Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Yamfly Loxura atymnus arcuata Not endemic 0 0 x x Nymphalidae Baron Euthalia aconthea vasanta Not endemic 0 0 x x Nymphalidae Black Prince Rohana parisatis camiba Not endemic x 0 0 0 Nymphalidae Blue Admiral Blue Admiral Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Nymphalidae Blue Oak leaf Kallima philarchus philarchus Endemic 0 x 0 0 Nymphalidae Chestnut Streaked Sailor Neptis jumbah nalanda Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Chocolate Soldier Junonia iphita pluviatalis Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Clipper Parthenos sylvia cyaneus Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Common Lascar Pantoporia hordonia sinuata Not endemic 0 0 x x Nymphalidae Common Nawab Polyura athamas Not endemic x 0 0 0 Pachliopta aristolochiae Nymphalidae Common Rose Not endemic 0 x x x ceylonica Nymphalidae Common Sailor Neptis hylas varmona Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Commander Moduza procris calidasa Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector Not endemic 0 0 0 x Nymphalidae Cruiser Vindula erota asela Not endemic 0 x x x Nymphalidae Gaudy Baron Euthalia lubentina psittacus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Great Egg fly Hypolimnas bolina Not endemic x x x 0 Nymphalidae Grey Pansy Junonia atlites Not endemic 0 x x 0 Nymphalidae Leopard Phalanta phalanta Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Pea Blue Lampides boeticus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Red Spot Duke Dophla evelina evelina Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Tamil Yeoman Cirrochroa thais lanka Not endemic x x x 0 179 Nymphalidae Tawny Rajah Charaxes psaphon Not endemic 0 x x 0 Nymphalidae Ceylon Lace wing Cethosia nietneri Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae: Blue Glassy Tiger Ideopsis similis exprompta Not endemic 0 x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Blue tiger Tirumala limniace leopardus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Danaidae Nymphalidae: Ceylon Tree nymph Idea iasonia Endemic x x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Common Crow Euploea core asela Not endemic x x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea Not endemic 0 x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Great Crow Euploea phaenareta corus Not endemic 0 x x 0 Danaidae Nymphalidae: Southern duffer Discophora lepida ceylonica Not endemic 0 0 0 x Morphinae Nymphalidae: Ceylon Forester Lethe dynsate Endemic x 0 0 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Ceylon Palmfly Elymnias singala Endemic 0 0 x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Cingalese Bushbrown Mycalesis rama Endemic 0 0 0 x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Common Evening Brown Melanitis lede ismene Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra fraterna Not endemic 0 0 x x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Comon Bushbrown Mycalesis perseus typhlus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima tambra Not endemic x x 0 x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Gladeye Bushbrown Nissanga patnia patnia Not endemic x x x x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Mottled Immigrant Catopsilia pyranthe minna Not endemic 0 x x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: White Four-ring Ypthima ceylonica Not endemic 0 x x x Satyrinae Papilionidae Banded Peacock Papilio crino Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Papilionidae Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor parinda Not endemic x x x x Papilionidae Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon teredon Not endemic x x x x Papilionidae Ceylon Birdwing Troides darsius Endemic 0 x x x Papilionidae Ceylon Rose Pachliopta jophon Endemic 0 x x x Papilionidae Common jay Graphium doson Not endemic x x x x Papilionidae Common mime Chilasa clytia lankeswara Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Papilionidae Common Mormon Papilio polytes romulus Not endemic 0 x x x Papilionidae Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus demoleus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Pieridae Common Albatross Appias albina darada Not endemic 0 0 x x Pieridae Common Grass Yellow Leptosia nina nina Not endemic 0 x x x Pieridae Jezebel Delias eucharis Not endemic x 0 x x Pieridae Lemon emigrant Catopsilia pomona Not endemic x x x 0 Pieridae Lesser Albatross Appias galene Not endemic x x x x Pieridae Psyche Leptosia nina nina Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Riodinidae Plum judy Abisara echerius prunosa Not endemic x x 0 x a x = presence; 0= absence of an individual species in a given habitat 180 Appendix 3.2: Species accumulation curves for butterflies (a) (b) (c) Appendix 3.2: Species accumulation curves (a); population abundance curves (b); and rarefaction curves (c); for butterflies in sampled habitat types. 181 Appendix 3.3 – Summary statistic of the multi-response permutation procedure Habitat T A P Butterflies Average within-group distance PF 0.315 SLF 0.443 HG 0.350 PP 0.283 Multiple pair-wise comparisons PF vs. SLF -7.807 0.075 <0.001 PF vs. HG -31.186 0.357 <0.001 PF vs. PP -25.279 0.268 <0.001 SLF vs. HG -20.643 0.212 <0.001 SLF vs. PP -14.322 0.138 <0.001 HG vs. PP -16.208 0.166 <0.001 Amphibians Average within-group distance PF 0.184 SLF 0.212 HG 0.316 PP 7.38E-02 Multiple pair-wise comparisons PF vs.
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    QL 541 .1866 ENT The Journal of Research Lepidoptera Volume 46 2013 ISSN 0022 4324 (PRINT) 2156 5457 (ONLINE) THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera www.lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org ISSN 0022 4324 (print) 2156 5457 (online) Published by: The Lepidoptera Research Foundation, Inc. 9620 Heather Road Beverly Hills, California 90210-1757 TEL (310) 274 1052 E-mail: Editorial: [email protected] Technical: [email protected] Founder: William Hovanitz (1915-1977) Editorial Staff: Konrad Fiedler, University of Vienna, Editor [email protected] Nancy R. Vannucci, info manager [email protected] Associate Editors: Annette Aiello, Smithsonian Institution [email protected] Joaquin Baixeras, Universitat de Valencia [email protected] Marcelo Duarte, Universidade de Sao Paulo [email protected] Klaus Fischer, University of Greifswald [email protected] Krushnamegh Kunte, Natl. Center for Biol. Sci, India [email protected] Gerardo Lamas, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos [email protected]. pe Rudi Mattoni [email protected] Soren Nylin, Stockholm University [email protected] Naomi Pierce, Harvard University [email protected] Robert Robbins, Smithsonian Institution [email protected] Daniel Rubinoff, University of Hawaii [email protected] Josef Settele, Helmholtz Cntr. for Environ. Research-UFZ [email protected] Arthur M. Shapiro, University of California - Davis [email protected] Felix Sperling, University of Alberta [email protected] Niklas Wahlberg, University of Turku [email protected] Shen Horn Yen, National Sun Yat-Sen University [email protected] Manuscripts and notices material must be sent to the editor, Konrad Fiedler [email protected].
  • Sri Lanka Wildlife Tour Report 2014 Birdwatching Butterfly Mammal

    Sri Lanka Wildlife Tour Report 2014 Birdwatching Butterfly Mammal

    Sri Lanka The Enchanted Isle A Greentours Trip Report 17th February to 7th March 2014 Led by Paul Cardy Trip Report and Systematic Lists written by Paul Cardy Day 0/1 Monday February 17th & Tuesday February 18th Journey to Sri Lanka and to Kandy A rather unusual beginning to the tour this year, as I had been in the north checking out some new areas, and the two different flight arrivals were met by our excellent ground agents. I arrived at the Suisse in Kandy late morning to meet Geoff, Margaret, and Mary and before too long Rees and Carol arrived. Free time followed with lunch available if and when wanted. On the lake in front of the hotel were Indian Cormorants, Little Cormorants, Little and Great Egrets, and Black-crowned Night Herons. Basking on the same log was Indian Softshell Terrapin. Three-spot Grass Yellow, Psyche, and Zebra Blue flew in the hotel gardens, which supported a very large Flying Fox roost. We met up at 3.30 for an afternoon excursion. In three-wheelers we motored around the lake to a small guesthouse, the terrace of which overlooks the good forest of the Udawattakelle Sanctuary. White-bellied Sea Eagle was much in evidence throughout our stay, with two birds in the air over the forest. Yellow-fronted Barbet, Orange Minivets, Oriental White-eyes, Bar-winged Flycatcher Shrike, and Hill Mynas were all seen well. Sri Lanka Hanging Parrots regularly flew over, calling, which would be how we would most often see them during the tour, and Ceylon Swallows were in the air.
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections

    Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections

    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 116, NUMBER 7 (End of Volume) THE BUTTERFLIES OF VIRGINIA (With 31 Plates) BY AUSTIN H. CLARK AND LEILA F. CLARK Smithsonian Institution DEC 89 «f (PUBUCATION 4050) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 20, 1951 0EC2 01951 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 116, NO. 7, FRONTISPIECE Butterflies of Virginia (From photograph by Frederick M. Bayer. For explanation, see page 195.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 116, NUMBER 7 (End of Volume) THE BUTTERFLIES OF VIRGINIA (With 31 Plates) BY AUSTIN H. CLARK AND LEILA F. CLARK Smithsonian Institution z Mi -.££& /ORG (Publication 4050) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 20, 1951 Zfyt. Borb QBattimovt (preee BALTIMORE, 1ID., D. 6. A. PREFACE Since 1933 we have devoted practically all our leisure time to an intensive study of the butterflies of Virginia. We have regularly spent our annual leave in the State, stopping at various places from which each day we drove out into the surrounding country. In addition to prolonged visits of 2 weeks or more to various towns and cities, we spent many week ends in particularly interesting localities. We have visited all the 100 counties in the State at least twice, most of them many times, and our personal records are from more than 800 locali- ties. We have paid special attention to the Coastal Plain, particularly the great swamps in Nansemond, Norfolk, and Princess Anne Counties, and to the western mountains. Virginia is so large and so diversified that it would have been im- possible for us, without assistance, to have made more than a super- ficial and unsatisfactory study of the local butterflies.