Appendix 3.1: Distribution and endemism of butterfly species recorded during the study a Family: Logged Pinus Common name Species Endemism Primary Home Subfamily forest forest plantations Acraeidae Tawny Coaster Telchinia violae Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Black Angle Tapena thwaitesi thwaitesi Not endemic 0 0 x x Hesperiidae Black Flat Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae Blank Swift Catloris kumara lanka Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Hesperiidae Brown Awl Badamia exclamationis Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Hesperiidae Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides singa Not endemic 0 0 x x Hesperiidae Ceylon Palm bob Suastus minuta minuta Not endemic 0 x x 0 Hesperiidae Ceylon Ace Halpe homolea ceylonica Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Ceylon Awl Hasora badra lanka Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae Ceylon Snow Flat Tagiades japetus obscurus Not endemic x 0 x x Hesperiidae Chestnut bob Lambrix salsala luteipalpus Not endemic 0 0 x x x x x x Hesperiidae Common banded demon Notocrypta paralysos alysia Not endemic Hesperiidae Common dart Potanthus pseudomaesa Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Common grass dart Taractrocera maevius Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Dark Cerulean Oriens goloides Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae Decorated Ace Thoressa decorata Endemic 0 x x 0 Hesperiidae Hedge Hopper Baracus vittatus vittatus Not endemic 0 x x 0 Hesperiidae Indian dart Potanthus pallida Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Indian Palmbob Suastus gremius subgrisea Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Indian Skipper Spialia galba Not endemic 0 0 x 3 Hesperiidae Pale Small-branded Swift Pelopidas thrax Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Philippine Swift Catloris philippina seriata Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Restricted demon Notocrypta curvifascia Not endemic x x 0 0 Hesperiidae Smallest Swift Panara bada bada Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Tree Flitter Hyarotis adrastus adrastus Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Hesperiidae Tropic Dart Potanthus confucius satra Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Hesperiidae Water Snow Flat Tagiades litigiosa ceylonica Not endemic x x x x Hesperiidae White banded Awl Hasora taminatus taminatus Not endemic x 0 0 0 Libytheidae Club Beak Libythea myrrha rama Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Aberrant Bush blue Arhopala abseus mackwoodi Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Lycaenidae Angled pierrot Caleta decidia Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Banded blue pierrot Discolampa ethion ethion Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Lycaenidae Ceylon Cerulean Jamides coruscans Endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Common Cerulean Jamides celeno tissama Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Common Lineblue Prosotas nora ardates Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Common pierrot Castalius rosimon Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Common Imperial Cheritra freja pseudojaffra Not endemic 0 0 x x Lycaenidae Dark Ceylon 6-lineblue Catopsilia crocale Not endemic x x 0 0 Lycaenidae Indian Cupid Everes lacturnus parrhasius Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Indian Sunbeam Curetis thetis Not endemic x 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Large 4-lineblue Nacaduba pactolus ceylonica Not endemic x 0 0 0 178 Lycaenidae Lime Blue Chilades lajus lajus Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Long banded silver-line Spindasis lohita lazularia Not endemic x 0 0 0 Lycaenidae Malayan Megisba malaya Not endemic 0 0 x x Lycaenidae Metallic Cerulean Jamides alecto meilichius Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Milky Cerulean Jamides lacteata Not endemic x 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Monkey-puzzle Rathinda amor Endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Nigger Orsotriaena medus mandata Not endemic 0 0 x x Lycaenidae Nilgiri Tit Hypolycaena nilgirica Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae One sport Grass Yellow Eurema ormistoni Endemic x x 0 x Lycaenidae Opaque 6-lineblue Nacaduba beroe minima Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Painted Saw-tooth Prioneris sita Not endemic x 0 0 0 Lycaenidae Pale Ceylon 6-lineblue Nacaduba sinhala Endemic x x 0 x Lycaenidae Peacock Royal Tajuria cippus longinu Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Plain Hedgeblue Celestrina lavendularis Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Lycaenidae Pointed Ciliated blue Anthene lycaenina lycaenina Not endemic 0 x x 0 Lycaenidae Read pierrot Talicada nyseus nyseus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Red Helen Papilio helenus mooreanus Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Rustic Cupha erymanthis placida Not endemic 0 x x x Lycaenidae Slate Flash Rapala manea schistacea Not endemic x 0 0 0 Lycaenidae Tailed jay Graphium agamemnon menides Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Three sport Grass Yellow Eurema blanda silhetana Not endemic x x x x Lycaenidae Tiny Grass blue Zizula hylax hylax Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Lycaenidae Yamfly Loxura atymnus arcuata Not endemic 0 0 x x Nymphalidae Baron Euthalia aconthea vasanta Not endemic 0 0 x x Nymphalidae Black Prince Rohana parisatis camiba Not endemic x 0 0 0 Nymphalidae Blue Admiral Blue Admiral Not endemic 0 x 0 0 Nymphalidae Blue Oak leaf Kallima philarchus philarchus Endemic 0 x 0 0 Nymphalidae Chestnut Streaked Sailor Neptis jumbah nalanda Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Chocolate Soldier Junonia iphita pluviatalis Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Clipper Parthenos sylvia cyaneus Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Common Lascar Pantoporia hordonia sinuata Not endemic 0 0 x x Nymphalidae Common Nawab Polyura athamas Not endemic x 0 0 0 Pachliopta aristolochiae Nymphalidae Common Rose Not endemic 0 x x x ceylonica Nymphalidae Common Sailor Neptis hylas varmona Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Commander Moduza procris calidasa Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector Not endemic 0 0 0 x Nymphalidae Cruiser Vindula erota asela Not endemic 0 x x x Nymphalidae Gaudy Baron Euthalia lubentina psittacus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Great Egg fly Hypolimnas bolina Not endemic x x x 0 Nymphalidae Grey Pansy Junonia atlites Not endemic 0 x x 0 Nymphalidae Leopard Phalanta phalanta Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Pea Blue Lampides boeticus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae Red Spot Duke Dophla evelina evelina Not endemic x x x x Nymphalidae Tamil Yeoman Cirrochroa thais lanka Not endemic x x x 0 179 Nymphalidae Tawny Rajah Charaxes psaphon Not endemic 0 x x 0 Nymphalidae Ceylon Lace wing Cethosia nietneri Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Nymphalidae: Blue Glassy Tiger Ideopsis similis exprompta Not endemic 0 x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Blue tiger Tirumala limniace leopardus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Danaidae Nymphalidae: Ceylon Tree nymph Idea iasonia Endemic x x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Common Crow Euploea core asela Not endemic x x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea Not endemic 0 x x x Danaidae Nymphalidae: Great Crow Euploea phaenareta corus Not endemic 0 x x 0 Danaidae Nymphalidae: Southern duffer Discophora lepida ceylonica Not endemic 0 0 0 x Morphinae Nymphalidae: Ceylon Forester Lethe dynsate Endemic x 0 0 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Ceylon Palmfly Elymnias singala Endemic 0 0 x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Cingalese Bushbrown Mycalesis rama Endemic 0 0 0 x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Common Evening Brown Melanitis lede ismene Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra fraterna Not endemic 0 0 x x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Comon Bushbrown Mycalesis perseus typhlus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima tambra Not endemic x x 0 x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Gladeye Bushbrown Nissanga patnia patnia Not endemic x x x x Satyrinae Nymphalidae: Mottled Immigrant Catopsilia pyranthe minna Not endemic 0 x x 0 Satyrinae Nymphalidae: White Four-ring Ypthima ceylonica Not endemic 0 x x x Satyrinae Papilionidae Banded Peacock Papilio crino Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Papilionidae Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor parinda Not endemic x x x x Papilionidae Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon teredon Not endemic x x x x Papilionidae Ceylon Birdwing Troides darsius Endemic 0 x x x Papilionidae Ceylon Rose Pachliopta jophon Endemic 0 x x x Papilionidae Common jay Graphium doson Not endemic x x x x Papilionidae Common mime Chilasa clytia lankeswara Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Papilionidae Common Mormon Papilio polytes romulus Not endemic 0 x x x Papilionidae Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus demoleus Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Pieridae Common Albatross Appias albina darada Not endemic 0 0 x x Pieridae Common Grass Yellow Leptosia nina nina Not endemic 0 x x x Pieridae Jezebel Delias eucharis Not endemic x 0 x x Pieridae Lemon emigrant Catopsilia pomona Not endemic x x x 0 Pieridae Lesser Albatross Appias galene Not endemic x x x x Pieridae Psyche Leptosia nina nina Not endemic 0 0 x 0 Riodinidae Plum judy Abisara echerius prunosa Not endemic x x 0 x a x = presence; 0= absence of an individual species in a given habitat 180 Appendix 3.2: Species accumulation curves for butterflies (a) (b) (c) Appendix 3.2: Species accumulation curves (a); population abundance curves (b); and rarefaction curves (c); for butterflies in sampled habitat types. 181 Appendix 3.3 – Summary statistic of the multi-response permutation procedure Habitat T A P Butterflies Average within-group distance PF 0.315 SLF 0.443 HG 0.350 PP 0.283 Multiple pair-wise comparisons PF vs. SLF -7.807 0.075 <0.001 PF vs. HG -31.186 0.357 <0.001 PF vs. PP -25.279 0.268 <0.001 SLF vs. HG -20.643 0.212 <0.001 SLF vs. PP -14.322 0.138 <0.001 HG vs. PP -16.208 0.166 <0.001 Amphibians Average within-group distance PF 0.184 SLF 0.212 HG 0.316 PP 7.38E-02 Multiple pair-wise comparisons PF vs.