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Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Endemic Fauna as A Bioindicator Karst Landscape Conservation Areas Sukolilo. Pati Regency. Central Java – Indonesia. S Isworo1*, and Oetari P, S2,3. 1Department of Health, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 2Mitra Adhi Pranata Company. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Consultants, Semarang, Indonesia 3Graduate School of Environmental Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia ABSTRACT Region karst landscape in the district area Sukolilo Pati regency, Central Java region extend of Prawata to Sukolilo. The region is geomorphology form an interesting natural phenomenon, such as the cave stalactites, stalagmites, sinkholes and underground rivers dolina, with CaCO3 content of above 70%. The existence of endemic fauna (indigent) as a biodiversity in the region addressing the peculiarities of fauna in the region ecosystem Region Landscape Karst. Data taken from the relative abundance and distribution of the population. The method of data collection by the line transect method with the technique of direct encounter. Method of Data Analysis by identification live immediately, while the type that cannot be identified in the field as to identify in the laboratory. Based on observations of the biological component in the tread sampling found as follows Perenjak Java (Prinia familiaris), Green Peacock (Pavo muticus) Bondol Java (Lonchura Leucogastroides) and Perenjak Java (Prinia Familiaris), deer (Cervus timorensis), Dhole (Cuon alpines) and Deer (Indian muntjac) and including fauna are protected by the government of Indonesia based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 in 1990; on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. It was also found indigenous and endemic fauna specific indicators showed Bio fauna on Ecosystems Landscape Region Krast is a species of bat: Miniopterus australis, Rhinolophus borneensis, Cyanopterus horsfieldii. Keywords: Region karst landscape, Endemik and Indigent Fauna and Bioindicator *Corresponding author March–April 2017 RJPBCS 8(2) Page No. 1837 ISSN: 0975-8585 INTRODUCTION The existence of karst areas in the country of Indonesia has a very strategic value this is because the region has the potential of natural resources carbonate (CaCO3 nearly 70%) as the raw material mining potential with hill karst doline and underground rivers and in addition karst region is also rich in specific natural resources both biological and non-biological. Karst region known for its durability (resilience) Low to changes or disturbances. This led to the organism in the region to form community own very specific, especially ecological communities are able to live in caves and underground rivers [1, 16].In accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2641 K / 40 / MEM / 2014 dated May 16, 2014 regarding the Stipulation of Karst Landscape Region Sukolilo, extensive karst areas are located in the district of Pati is an area of 71.80 km2 located in the District of Sukolilo, Kayen, and Tambakromo. [2]. It is also supported by regulatory Pati, as follows Pati Regency Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2011 on Spatial Planning Pati regency in 2010-2030, has set a policy plan in the Pati regency spatial pattern. Pattern Plan Lounge Pati regency consists of protected areas and cultivation area. The protected area consists of protected forest areas; Protected forest area with an area of 1,578 hectares covering areas of the District is Cluwak, Gembong, Gunungwungkal, and Tlogowungu. Water catchment area on the slopes of Mount Muria is located in the area that has a slope of 25% to 40% and the area that contains the karst rock from Kendeng Mountains. Regions containing karst rock in the mountains of which are in Sub Kendeng Kayen with an area of approximately 569.50 hectares and District Tambakromo with an area of approximately 11.05 hectares. Potential mineral and coal mining materials in the form of non-metallic minerals include phosphate; calcite, and limestone to produce cement. (3)Kendeng mountainous Karst topography is composed of limestone, which has a distribution location Ponor and underground caves. Ponor has ecological value of the underground aquifer system or flowing in an underground river system, this led to the emergence of a new ecological system of the organism or individual indigenous and endemic able to adjust metabolism and genetics with the environment. [1]. Individuals who live in a niche (the specific place) to form an indigenous community and an individual endemic that is the hallmark of a place or ecological bio-indicator. In Region karst landforms commonly found caves that are home indigenous organism or organisms, mainly endemic mammal species of bat populations primarily from the suborder Microchiroptera. Microchiroptera bats suborder members have an effective role in controlling the population of insects in the home range area. So that bats play an important role in the ecological and economical for humans. Ecologically, bat as a counterweight ecosystem Karts Region.According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) states that the karst area is an area that plays an important role for the survival of biodiversity on earth. This is because the region has a unique karst biodiversity, both at the surface (eksokarst) and sub-surface (endokarst) specific. [4, 17] Bats are one of the organisms endemic to be in control of ecological forest in the karst region, it is because in addition as seed dispersers of the edible fruit and pollinators of flowers, bats as well as predators of insects that annoy many plants that live in the forest so that it becomes a determinant the composition and structure of vegetation in Karst region. [5, 18] Various species of birds can also be used as an indicator of ecosystem Karst Landscape Region. Bird has an important role in the process of succession of ecosystems and species diversity of birds used as ecological indicators in the process of ecological succession early (early stage successional forest). Birds that live in primary forests in the karst region is specific populations in association with an ecological sustem karst area, so it is possible that population is endemic and indigenous certain specific pupulation[6,18] RESEARCH METHODS Fauna eksokarst. The type of data is sampled population abundance and distribution. Sampling / Observation data collection based on the cultivated area and forest area with the line transect method based on the technique of direct encounter. The method of data analysis with identification either directly or through images / photos taken immediately. Fauna endokarst. This type of data is kind of fauna in the Karst cave locations in the study area with the method of inventory method endokarst fauna, especially bats. The method of data analysis is based on the calculation of estimated population abundance. .[7, 19] March–April 2017 RJPBCS 8(2) Page No. 1838 ISSN: 0975-8585 APPLICATION METHODS IN SAMPLE The method used in this observation is the method of line transect and trap. Sampling sites were divided into 4 points of observation stations and at each station were divided into 3 sub-stations using 2x2 m quadrant where at each station to draw a line transect as far as 10 m. [8]. Materials Research Materials that are used in this study in the form of data, both primary and secondary. The materials used for this study are: sampling location maps, literature study. Research tools a lot-tool used in this research is: stationery, business. Digital cameras, GPS (Global Positioning System), Computers (Personal Computer), Rol meters, Knives, Thermometer, Hygrometer and Pitfall Traps. Fauna are not identified during the sampling, identified laboratory using the Pictorial Keys To Soil Animals Of China [9,20], and The Insects Of Australia Volume I & II [10], fauna identified as fauna endemic / indigenous in the analysis based Repubik Indonesian Law No. 5 In 1990, on the Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems [11].Data retrieval fauna sampling conducted in the Village Mojomulyo, Larangan, Sumbersari and Brati. Sampling locations are further divided into state- owned forest area and forest area belonging to the community. The map below shows the location of sampling observations, as follows : Fig 1: Location Observation Fauna In Karst Landscape, Region Sukolilo [12] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on observations on the location of the sampling found diversity, diverse fauna, including fauna fauna are protected by the government of Indonesia based on Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems, as follows: Table 1: Number Of Arthropods Caught Outside The Cave Of Mount Kendeng, Pati, Central Java [13] No Family / Species Local Name Tambakromo District Kayen District Pieridae 1 Catopsilia pomona Butterfly − + 2 Catopsilia scylla Butterfly + − March–April 2017 RJPBCS 8(2) Page No. 1839 ISSN: 0975-8585 No Family / Species Local Name Tambakromo District Kayen District 3 Eurema hecabe Butterfly + + 4 Eurima alitha Butterfly + − 5 Leptosia nina Butterfly + − Papilionidae 6 Papilio demoleous Butterfly − + 7 Pachliopta aristolochiae Butterfly + − Nymphalidae 8 Anosia genutia Butterfly + − 9 Anosia chrysippus Butterfly + + 10 Acreasp. Butterfly + + 11 Elymnas hypermnestra Butterfly + − 12 Junonia orithya Butterfly + + 13 Junonia almanac Butterfly − + 14 Junonia hedonia Butterfly − + 15 Neptis hylas Butterfly
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