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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication A preliminary checklist of butterflies from the northern Eastern Ghats with notes on new and significant species records including three new reports for peninsular India

Rajkamal Goswami, Ovee Thorat, Vikram Aditya & Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara

26 November 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 13 | Pages: 12769–12791 10.11609/jot.3730.10.13.12769-12791

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791

A preliminary checklist of butterflies from the northern Eastern Ghats with notes on new and Communication significant species records including three new reports for ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) peninsular India ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

Rajkamal Goswami 1 , Ovee Thorat 2 , Vikram Aditya 3 OPEN ACCESS & Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara 4

1,2,3,4 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected]

Abstract: The northern Eastern Ghats is an area with signifcant biodiversity value but remains poorly explored except for a few charismatc taxa such as birds, mammals and reptles. Very few studies have looked at the invertebrate diversity of these hill ranges, partcularly buterfies. We present the frst peer-reviewed checklist of buterfies from the northern Eastern Ghats based on a rapid and intensive survey carried out at fve sites over 16 days across the bufer area of Papikonda Natonal Park and Araku Valley in 2015 and 2016. We report a total of 102 species of buterfies from six lepidopteran families. Seventeen signifcant records include numerous frst reports: three new species reports for peninsular India, nine for Eastern Ghats and 14 for the northern Eastern Ghats. This checklist adds 17 species to the known buterfy fauna for the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is hoped that fndings from the study will help to mobilise conservaton research, acton and atenton for the northern Eastern Ghats forest habitats, which are currently threatened by large scale development, security threats due to the Naxalite insurgency and mesoscale exploitaton of forest resources.

Keywords: Andhra Pradesh, Araku Valley, checklist, Lepidoptera, northern Eastern Ghats, Papikonda Natonal Park.

DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3730.10.13.12769-12791 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0355B1C9-21C8-4F00-A85F-63F001B59FB4

Editor: Sanjay Sondhi, Titli Trust, Dehradun, India. Date of publicaton: 26 November 2018 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 3730 | Received 13 August 2017 | Final received 12 October 2018 | Finally accepted 23 October 2018

Citaton: Goswami, R., O. Thorat, V. Aditya & S.N. Karimbumkara (2018). A preliminary checklist of buterfies from the northern Eastern Ghats with notes on new and significant species records including three new reports for peninsular India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(13): 12769–12791; https:// doi.org/10.11609/jott.3730.10.13.12769-12791

Copyright: © Goswami et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Academy for Conservaton Science and Sustainability Studies, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru and the Conservaton Leadership Programme (CLP).

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

For Author Details & Author Contributon see end of this artcle.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the Academy for Conservaton Science and Sustainability Studies, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru and the Conservaton Leadership Programme (CLP) for fnancial support. The authors thank all the partcipants and resource persons who atended ATREE’s Certfcate Course on Conservaton Science, 2015 for their support and company during the survey. Much thanks to Dr. Aravind Madhyastha for contributng image for the paper and Ms. Binita Goswami for her help in confrming the identfcaton of numerous species from the images included in this paper. Thanks to Sanjay Sondhi, whose comments helped to further strengthen this paper.

12769 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

INTRODUCTION Chalcoparia singalensis and Pale-chinned Blue Flycatcher Cyornis poliogenys, earlier known as ‘northeast birds’ The Eastern Ghats is a 1,750km long mountain range have been recorded from the northern Eastern Ghats located along the eastern edge of the Indian peninsula. (Prashanth 2016). Apart from sharing biological atributes Even though studies and inventories carried out tll with the proximate ‘hotspots’, the northern Eastern date indicate its high diversity value, the Eastern Ghats Ghats is home to several rare, endemic and threatened remain one of the least explored natural landscapes of species of fora and fauna, including reptles such as the India. Its wide elevatonal range from almost sea level to Golden Gecko Calodactylodes aureus (Javed et al. 2007), 1,690m contains diverse vegetaton types ranging from Jeypore Ground Gecko Geckoella jeyporensis (Agarwal dry-scrub and dry deciduous to dry-evergreen, moist- et al. 2012), a new species of caecilian Gegeneophis deciduous and semi-evergreen that support diverse orientalis (Agarwal et al. 2013), birds like the Yellow- fora and fauna. throated Bulbul Pycnonotus xantholaemus (Sreekar & Unlike the Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats is not Srinivasulu 2010) and the Critcally Endangered Blewit’s a contnuous mountain range. Instead they comprise Owl or Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewet (Azeez et al. of a series of patchy and isolated hill sectons which are 2008; Kumar et al. 2010). divided into three main zones based on their locaton: Biodiversity inventories and studies carried out tll southern Eastern Ghats, central Eastern Ghats and date has focussed on a few taxa, such as aves (Price northern Eastern Ghats (Rao 2000). Owing to the 1979; Ripley et al. 1986; Kumar et al. 2010), mammals patchiness of the hills and variatons in temperature, (Aditya & Ganesh 2016; Balaji & Satyanarayana 2016) precipitaton and elevaton, each zone has its own unique and reptles (Chetri & Bhupathy 2010; Agarwal et al. foral and faunal assemblages. Variable intensites of 2013); however, the invertebrate taxa of the Eastern forest-related actvites such as shifing cultvaton, Ghats, partcularly the northern Eastern Ghats, remain huntng (by local communites), and plantatons (usually almost unexplored. by the state and/or policy-driven) has further led to Among invertebrates, buterfies (order Lepidoptera, an increase in the heterogeneity and diversity of the sub-order Rhopalocera) are among the most charismatc available land use and forest habitats (Beehler et al. taxa. The beauty and ubiquitous nature of buterfies 1987; Rawat 1997; Ganesh et al. 2015). makes it the most efectve invertebrate fagship which Among the three sectons, the northern Eastern Ghats can be used to stmulate awareness, research and has the most diverse vegetaton types including some of policy support for the conservaton of invertebrate and the most dense forests. Such diversity and abundance overall biodiversity (Barua et al. 2012). India is very of forests is due to the relatvely higher rainfall in the rich in buterfy taxa with over 1,300 species (Varshney area, ranging from 900–1,700 mm annually, (Patanaik & Smetacek 2015); however, they are not uniformly et al. 2009b; Sreekar et al. 2010). The presence of distributed and most of them (>1000 species) occur in perennial rivers such as the Godavari and the Mahanadi the northeastern region (Varshney & Smetacek 2015). also contribute to creatng conducive conditons for high In recent tmes, there has been an exponental growth forest density and diversity. In comparison, the central in biodiversity documentaton in India, partcularly and the southern Eastern Ghats landscapes are drier during the last decade, owing to the rapid proliferaton with sparser vegetaton due to lower elevaton, lesser of digital and mobile photography. Birds and buterfies rainfall and higher annual temperatures. have received disproportonal atenton of the amateur Recent studies have shown that the northern Eastern naturalist and citzen scientsts in this digital age, Ghats region, owing to its proximity to the eastern probably owing to their ubiquitous nature (Chandler et Himalayan, the Indo-Malayan and the Western Ghats al. 2017). Yet, such coverage is not uniform across the biodiversity hotspots, acts as a mixing and transiton geography of the country, even for well-surveyed taxa zone for these three distnct ecoregions. Therefore, such as buterfies. Even today, there are many regions elements of all these three hotspots has been observed from where even basic informaton about species in the northern Eastern Ghats, leading to higher diversity occurrences are lacking. The northern Eastern Ghats is of plants and animals; for example, Stripe-necked one such region. Mongoose Herpestes vitcollis, recently discovered Apart from being ecologically rich, the northern from the northern Eastern Ghats, was earlier recorded Eastern Ghats is also one of the most threatened only from the Western Ghats (Balaji & Satyanarayana forested regions of the country owing to the presence 2016). Similarly, birds such as the Ruby-cheeked Sunbird of scarce and highly valuable natural resources such as

12770 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al. bauxite, iron, coal and water. The pressure to mine these comparatvely under-explored, partcularly in terms of resources, most of which overlap with dense forests, has its buterfy fauna. already caused considerable loss of forest habitat and In this paper, we present the frst checklist of is triggering large scale land use change (Samata 2003; buterfies from the northern Eastern Ghats with notes Oskarsson & Nielsen 2014). The lack of knowledge on new and interestng records. about the bare minimum atributes of biodiversity and ecology from the region hampers the ability of both the agencies and the civil society to take informed decisions METHODS about the impact of these projects on the ecology and biodiversity of the region. Study area The interactons of buterfies, as larvae and adults, The northern Eastern Ghats is spread over an area of with diferent sets of host plants and their sensitvity 16,948.35km2 in northern Andhra Pradesh covering the to micro-climate, moisture, topographic and light districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, level changes makes them excellent ecological and East Godavari and West Godavari. The current study environmental indicators (Murphy et al. 1990; Kremen was conducted at two sites in the northern Eastern 1992). Therefore, it is critcal and urgent to document Ghats falling within Andhra Pradesh - the bufer area the buterfy diversity of these fragile, but biologically of Papikonda Natonal Park (henceforth PNP) around diverse and rich regions. Maredumilli and Araku Valley. Most recent lists of buterfies from the Eastern Ghats PNP (17.267–17.691 and 81.281–81.694) is located have come from the central Eastern Ghats (Chandra et in the East and West Godavari districts of north, coastal al. 2007) and southern Eastern Ghats (Harinath et al. Andhra Pradesh and is spread over an area of 1,012km2. 2014). We found numerous errors in identfcaton and The dominant vegetaton types in PNP are southern taxonomy of buterfies wherever they have provided tropical mixed moist deciduous, along with some semi- images and therefore the quality of informaton in evergreen and dry deciduous forest patches (Champion these studies is questonable. Earlier, Best (1954) had & Seth 1968). The topography is hilly and undulatng compiled a list of buterfies from Nagalapuram and with steep slopes with an elevaton range of 20–850 m. Servarayan (anglicised as Shevaroy) Hills located in the Annual average precipitaton is approximately 1,309mm southern Eastern Ghats in the present day Tamil Nadu. with temperatures ranging from 15–45 0C. The Zoological Survey of India’s Fauna of Andhra Pradesh About 200km north of PNP lies the Araku Valley series reported three new distributon records from (18.209–18.4420 and 82.700–83.115), a small hill Prakasam and Kadapa districts in 2007 (Majumdar 2007; staton spread over an area of 36km2, in the western Maulik 2007). Among the recent eforts to study the part of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh close buterfies of the Eastern Ghats, the most signifcant has to the border with Odisha. The elevaton ranges from been the Eastern Ghats Insect Survey Project carried out 930m in the Valley to 1,690m at Jindhagada Peak and is by the Zoological Society of India’s which resulted in a composed of a mosaic of semi-evergreen forests, cofee two volume edited report (Anonymous 1986a,b). These and pepper plantatons and shifing cultvaton plots, volumes had fve chapters dedicated to buterfy fauna, called ‘podu’ locally. The vegetaton around the Valley the frst two being list of collectons from Javadi Hills, is composed of moist deciduous forests with semi- located in the Namakkal District of central Tamil Nadu evergreen patches with patches of degraded forest and (Khatri 1986d) and Kolli Hills, situated in the Vellore and scrubs (Champion & Seth 1968). Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu (Khatri 1986a). The remaining two chapters describe the Nymphalid Survey sites and Lycaenids of Eastern Ghats (Khatri 1986b,c). An We opportunistcally surveyed an area of additonal chapter in volume 1 in the same report approximately 100km2 in the bufer area of PNP around discusses some phenological and geographical variatons Maredumilli between 21 July and 29 July 2015, and once in the buterfies from the Eastern Ghats (Khatri 1986e). again between 27 August and 29 August in 2016 (Table Most of these surveys, however, have been focussed 1) at three specifc localites—Jalatarangini, Kutravada mostly in the Tamil Nadu sectons of the Eastern Ghats, and Maredumilli. Jalatarangini is located along the covering its southern parts. Very few studies have Rajahmundry-Jagdalpur highway (SH 41) at an elevaton focussed on the buterfy fauna of the northern Eastern of 460m and forms the northeastern border of PNP. The Ghats from Andhra Pradesh, and thus has remained habitat type is dense moist deciduous forest interspersed

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Figure 1. Study area map indicatng the locatons of the sites surveyed with teak and cofee plantatons. Kutravada is located In Araku Valley we surveyed two localites: about 7km northeast of Jalatarangini, at an elevaton of Sunkarameta and Bisupuram from 30 July to 2 August 450m on the Maredumilli-Gurtedu Road. The locality is 2015. Both are located close to the Visakhapatnam- situated close to the Kutravada Village and is composed Jeypore highway (Image 1). Sunkarameta is located of moist deciduous forest and shifing cultvaton plots, about 15km from Araku at an elevaton of 1,200m and some of which has been planted with teak. Both of is surrounded by cofee plantatons interspersed with these localites are along the Pamuleru River, which degraded moist deciduous forest patches. Bisupuram forms the main drainage of PNP and is the second Village is located about 5km east of Sunkarameta at an largest river within PNP afer the Godavari. The third elevaton of 1,100m and is close to the Katki waterfalls. locality is close to Maredumilli Village surrounded by old The habitat is degraded moist deciduous forest teak plantatons and secondary growth moist deciduous interspersed with podus. forests about 7km southeast of Maredumilli Village. It is located at an elevaton of 400m along the Rajahmundry- Data Collecton Jagdalpur State Highway 41. Intensive non-invasive buterfy surveys were carried out in the above mentoned six locatons. The period of our survey coincided with the retreatng south-west Table 1. Table showing the survey sites, localites, dates and number monsoons when the buterfy actvity is known to peak. of days surveyed. Owing to paucity of funds and limited tme available, we No of days Sites Localites Survey dates decided to focus on the peak period for buterfy actvity. surveyed All possible habitat types in the survey areas were Jalatarangini Bufer area 21–29 July 2015, scanned for buterfies from 06.00hr to 18.00hr. Even of Papikonda Kutravada and 27–29 August 12 Natonal Park 2016 though buterfy actvity peaks during the late morning Maredumilli and noon, we surveyed during early mornings as well Sunkarameta 30 July–2 August Araku Valley 4 as late afernoons and evenings to include crepuscular 2015 Bisupuram species. The species which were difcult to identfy in Total Survey efort (in days) 16 the feld were photographed with good quality cameras

12772 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

Image 1. Habitat of the surveyed sites: A - Araku, Sunkarameta Hills; B - Maredumilli, Jalatarangini waterfalls; C - Pamuleru River in the bufer area of Papikonda Natonal Park; D - Maredumilli Teak Plantaton

and later identfed to species level wherever possible. RESULTS We handled only those specimens which were found to be injured or dead. We recorded a total of 102 species across six Species were identfed using Evans (1932), Wynter- families. Nymphalidae was the most species-rich family Blyth (1957), and Kehimkar (2008, 2016). To confrm with 38 species while only one species was recorded for the various new records presented in this paper, ranging Riodinidae (Table 2). from the northern Eastern Ghats to peninsular India, In the following text we provide notes on known we checked the known distributon of the species distributon records of the new and signifcant buterfy in queston from three authoritatve books by Evans records along with observaton notes on their habit, (1932), Wynter-Blyth (1957), and Varshney & Smetacek habitat and commonness in the surveyed sites. (2015) . To further verify the new records for Eastern Additonally, we provided detailed identfcaton keys for Ghats, we reviewed the published literature, namely, cryptc species, partcularly those which share similar Best (1954), Khatri (1986a,b,c,d), Majumdar (2007), morphological features with other species. and Maulik (2007); while Majumdar (2007) and Maulik (2007) were scanned to cross-verify the new records for Family: Hesperiidae Andhra Pradesh. To check the unpublished photographic Subfamily: Coeliadinae records, we scanned two expert-curated online portals- Bibasis sena (Moore, [1866]) (Orange-tailed Awl) Buterfies of India (htps://www.ifoundbuterfies.org) (Image 2(2)) and India Biodiversity Portal (IBP, htp://indiabiodiversity. This is the frst report of this species from the org/). Both these portals allow users to access buterfy Eastern Ghats. This species was encountered twice - observatons with informaton on the locaton and date inside a dense forest patch near Maredumilli early in of the records. the morning at 07:23hr on 18 July 2015 while a second Finally, a checklist was prepared on the buterfies individual was seen along the highway in a dense forest recorded from this region in which the species were patch near Jalatarangini 06:39hr on 20 July 2015. So arranged according to sub-families under each family. far from India, this species has been reported from the The names were listed alphabetcally under each sub- Western Ghats, central to eastern Himalaya and the family according to their genus and species. northeast and is known to be rare throughout its range (Wynter-Blyth 1957). This species is listed within the Part II of Schedule II list of protected animals under the Indian Wildlife (Protecton) Act (Anonymous 1972).

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Table 2. Species richness across the six families of buterfies our survey. According to Chiba (2009) this characteristc recorded during the survey goes against the morphological traits of leucospila Family No. of species species and in the absence of specimens, we couldn’t Nymphalidae 38 conclusively run and complete the key. Therefore we Lycaenidae 23 retain this species as an unidentfed Hasora sp.

Hesperiidae 21

Pieridae 10 Hasora vita (Butler, 1870) (Plain Banded Awl) (Image 2(4)) Papilionidae 9 We recorded this species from a dense forest patch Riodinidae 1 late in the evening on 20 July 2015, when it was feeding on trash deposited near the highway which passes through the PNP near Maredumilli. We also recorded Hasora badra (Moore, [1858]) (Common Awl) this species at another locaton near Jalatarangini. This This is the frst record of this species from the Eastern species is not common in its entre known range in India Ghats. We observed this species nectaring near the which includes the Western Ghats and adjoining areas small sluice gate dam on Pamuleru River near Kutravada, from Maharashtra to Goa up to Kerala and northeast early in the morning on 29 August 2016. Previously, it India (Evans 1932; Wynter-Blyth 1957; Varshney & was known to be distributed in the Western Ghats and Smetacek 2015). Apart from our record, the only other northeastern India (Varshney & Smetacek 2015). This record from Eastern Ghats comes from an image of this species was recorded from Bhitarkanika Natonal Park, species by Vivek Sarkar which is uploaded on IFB portal Kendrapara District, in Odisha which is not part of the from Mundasaru in Kandhamal District of Odisha (Kunte Eastern Ghats (Kalesh et al. 2017). 2017). So far, based on the existng reports, this species seems to be restricted to the northern parts of Eastern Hasora sp. (An Awl sp.) (Image 2(3) Ghats. This species was encountered frequently during our survey and we observed a total of eight individuals Family: Hesperiidae during our surveys of 2015 and 2016 in the area. Six Sub family: Hesperiinae individuals were recorded between 200–400 masl Cupitha purreea (Moore, 1877) (Wax Dart) whereas two individuals (one male and one female) (Image 2(6)) were seen at Araku Valley at 1,200m. The associated Our record of Cupitha purreea during this survey is habitats ranged from semi-dense forests (deciduous) to the frst report of this species from the Eastern Ghats. small fragments of tree forests in cofee-plantaton and We observed only one individual of this species from meadows dominated landscape. an old regeneratng ‘podu’ (local name for shifing Earlier we suspected this species to be Hasora agriculture) forest with lots of lianas, close to Pamuleru leucospila Mabille, 1891 based on the white band which River near Maredumilli on 20 July 2015. extended slightly above the tornus in the hindwing and The known Indian distributon of this species is along presence of purple sheen on its forewings. Moreover, its the Western Ghats from Maharashtra to Kerala, eastern distributon was known from India: from the Andaman Himalaya, northeastern India and the Andaman Islands & Nicobar Islands and its recent report from Khurda (Wynter-Blyth 1957; Varshney & Smetacek 2015). District, Odisha in the northern Eastern Ghats (V. Sarkar Globally, its range extends up to Sulawesi from Thailand, pers. comm. 5 May 2017). Laos, Langkawi, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Both the main wing-based distnguishing character the Philippines (Moore 1877, 1884; Piepers et al. 1910; were clearly seen in the images of seven individuals Corbet & Pendlebury 1992; Vane-Wright & de Jong we had photographed during the survey. In one of the 2003). This species is not common throughout its range. images, we observed yellow hyaline spots in space two and three of the underside of forewings, indicatng that Iambrix salsala (Moore, [1866]) (Chestnut Bob) (Image it might be a female (Chiba 2009); however, when we 3(1)) tried to run the dichotomous identfcaton key following We recorded several individuals of this species on Chiba (2009) to confrm species level identfcaton, we 18, 19 and 20 July 2017, from a riparian forest habitat found the presence of an apical white spot in the forewing fanked by shade cofee plantatons near Maredumilli, of all the individuals that we had photographed during in the northern Eastern Ghats. Apart from our record,

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© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

Image 2. Hersperiidae buterfies belonging to subfamilies Coeliadinae: 1. Badamia exclamatonis, 2. Bibasis sena, 3. Hasora sp., 4. Hasora vita; Hesperiinae: 5. Oriens goloides, 6. Cupitha purreea the only other record of this species from the Eastern Matapa aria (Moore, [1866]) (Common Redeye) (Image Ghats is that by Subramanium Kalluri (SK) from the same 3(2)) locaton in December 2010 (Kandoth 2018). The species In the northern Eastern Ghats, only one record of this is common in northeastern India where it can be seen species was obtained within the campus of the Forest in urban and semi-urban gardens as well as in the open Guest House at Maredumilli on 20 July 2015. This is areas, cultvatons and plantaton near forests and forest the frst record of this species from the Eastern Ghats. edges. All records of this species in India Biodiversity This species was earlier known from northern India Portal, (IBP) (Goswami 2017) and Buterfies of India web (Utarakhand, Delhi) and northeastern India, southern portal (BOI) (Kandoth 2018), baring the one mentoned Bengal and southern India (Varshney & Smetacek 2015; above, is restricted to the northeast, southern Bengal, Wynter-Blyth 1957). The species is common in its range the Western Ghats, eastern and central part of Karnataka in northeastern India and the Western Ghats. and eastern Tamil Nadu. According to Varshney & Smetacek (2015) the species is distributed from Gujarat Potanthus sp. (Dart) (Image 3(4)) to Kerala and Utarakhand to northeastern India. We recorded several individuals of Potanthus genus around Maredumilli beween 18 and 23 July 2015. There are no recent records of any species from the Potanthus genus from the Eastern Ghats or southern

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© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

© Rajkamal Goswami © Ovee Thorat

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

Image 3. Hersperiidae buterfies belonging to subfamilies Hesperiinae: 1. Iambrix salsala, 2. Matapa aria, 3. Notocrypta curvifascia, 4. Potanthus sp., 5. Suastus gremius; Hesperiinae: 6. Caprona ransonneti

Bengal. Specimens of this genus from Eastern Ghats Hersperiidae needs to be collected and examined to determine Subfamily: Pyrginae species level distributon in the Eastern Ghats. Species Odontoptlum angulatum (Felder, 1862) (Chestnut level identfcaton is difcult based on wing paterns Angle) (Image 4(1)) and external morphological characteristcs in this genus. This is the frst record of this species from the Among the most abundant species of this genus, two Eastern Ghats. We encountered only one individual of species are known to occur in peninsular India and its hill this species around the damp areas of moist deciduous ranges. P. pseudomaesa is known to be distributed from forest during the survey on 20 July 2015 indicatng that it Jammu & Kashmir to northeastern India, Utar Pradesh, might be rare in the Eastern Ghats. This buterfy is fairly Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and southwards down to common within its known range of the Western Ghats Kerala (Varshney & Smetacek 2015). P. palnia is known (Maharashtra to Kerala), western and central Himalaya, from Karnataka and Kerala (Varshney & Smetacek 2015) eastern Himalaya and the northeast (Wynter-Blyth 1957; while Wynter-Blyth (1957) recorded its distributon from Varshney & Smetacek 2015). the southern Indian hills. The known range of this species, which is closest to the Eastern Ghats, is from a record from Simlipal Natonal Park in Odisha (Saji & Chandrashekharan 2017). Best (1954) did not record this from his survey

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© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

Image 4. Hersperiidae buterfies belonging to subfamily Pyrginae: 1. Odontoptlum angulatum, 2. Sarangesa purendra, 3. Tagiades gana, 4. Tagiades litgiosa, © Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami 5. Celaenorrhinus leucocera

of Nagalapuram Hills in southern Andhra Pradesh. The India. N.b. nicobaricus (Wood-Mason & de Niceville preferred habitat of this species is moist forests. In the 1881) is distributed in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands Eastern Ghats, such forests mostly occur in the northern while N. b. plumbeomicans (Wood-Mason & de Niceville Eastern Ghats. Therefore, it is likely that the distributon 1881)’s distributon so far has been reported from of this species within the Eastern Ghats is probably Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andaman & Nicobar restricted to the moist forests of northern Eastern Ghats. Islands and northeastern India (Varshney & Smetacek 2015). Sarangesa purendra Moore, 1882 (Spoted Small Flat) The species belongs to the six-lineblue group of (Image 4(2)) buterfies which are difcult to identfy in the feld and Our observaton of three individuals of this species without careful and technical diagnosis of its morphology on 18 July 2018 is the frst report of this species from the can be easily misidentfed as one of three very similar Eastern Ghats. This species was sighted along the forest species with overlapping distributons - N. kurava edges close to the Jalatarangini waterfall frequently Moore, 1858 (Transparent six-lineblue), N. beroe C. & during our July 2015 and August 2016 surveys in the R. Felder, 1865 (Opaque six-lineblue), and N. calauria C. area indicatng that the species is locally common. The Felder, 1860, (Dark Ceylon six-lineblue). known distributon of this species is from northern The main distnguishing features of N. berenice are Karnataka in the south tll Maharashtra, Gujarat and rounded termen of fore and hindwings and the lack Sindh region (Wynter-Blyth 1957). It has also been of zig-zagged lunules at the outer-discal region on the reported from Himachal Pradesh and Utarakhand forewings (Wynter-Blyth 1957). Another identfcaton (Varshney & Smetacek 2015). It is not rare throughout key, which sets this species apart from the other two its range. similar species, is the inner line of the discal area which joins the lower ends of the outer line of the cell-ending Hersperiidae region (Evans 1932). Family: Lycaenidae Subfamily: Polyommatnae Lycaenidae Nacaduba berenice (Herrich-Schäfer, 1869) (Rounded Subfamily: Theclinae six-lineblue) (Image 6(1)) Loxura atymnus (Stoll, 1780) (Yamfy) (Image 6(6)) Our observaton of the species from Araku Valley Our report of L. atymnus from Maredumilli is its frst near Katki waterfall on 26 July is the frst report of this record from the northern Eastern Ghats. Two individuals species from the Eastern Ghats. of this species were observed on 18 July 2018. This Two sub-species of N. berenice are reported from species is not uncommon throughout its range which

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 12777 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami Image 5. Lycaenidae buterfies belonging to subfamily Polyommatni: 1. Acytolepis puspa, 2. Caleta elna, 3. Castalius rosimon, 4. Chilades lajus, 5. Chilades pandava, 6. Euchrysops cnejus includes the Western Ghats from Maharashtra to Kerala, hill stream surrounded by dense forest patch near the central India (Bihar, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh), Jalatarangini water fall. The locaton is frequently visited and in northern India (Utarakhand) to northeastern by tourists and is highly disturbed. This rare nymphalid India, along with the Andaman & Nicobar Island (Evans is known from the northeast region of India including 1932; Varshney & Smetacek 2015; Wynter-Blyth 1957). Sikkim along with southern part of Bihar and Odisha, Wynter-Blyth (1957) has reported this species from which was its southernmost limit. So far, this is the the Servarayan Hills (anglicised as Shevaroy by Wynter- southernmost limit of this species in India. Blyth) which forms one of the southernmost parts of the In the northeast too, this species has been recorded Eastern Ghats and is part of Tamil Nadu. from areas with high human actvity. This species is listed within the Part II of Schedule II list of protected animals Family: Nymphalidae under the Indian Wildlife (Protecton) Act (Anonymous Subfamily: Cyrestnae 1972). Cyrests cocles (Fabricius, 1787) (Marbled Map) (Image 8(1)) Subfamily: Danainae Our observaton of this species on 20 July 2015 is Euploea sylvester (Fabricius, 1793) (Double Branded its frst record from Eastern Ghats. The species was Crow) (Image 8(6)) observed mud-puddling at an elevaton of 400m in a This is the frst record of this species from the

12778 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

© Rajkamal Goswami © Ovee Thorat

Image 6. Lycaenidae buterfies belonging to subfamilies Polyommatni: 1. Nacaduba berenice, 2. Petrelaea dana, 3. Prosotas dubiosa, 4. Caleta decidia, 5. Zizeeria karsandra; Theclinae: 6. Loxura atymnus

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami © Seena N.K. Image 7. Lycaenidae buterfies belonging to subfamily Theclinae 1. Spindasis syama, 2. Spindasis vulcanus, 3. Zeltus amasa

northern Eastern Ghats. We observed a dead specimen E.s. coreta as it had the two parallel long brands on the of this species on the 20 July 2015. The specimen upper side of the forewings (Image 8(6)). was found on the tar road and was probably a case of The subspecies E.s. coreta Godart, 1819 was found roadkill. On examinaton, the specimen was found to be mud-puddling in damp patches on the side of the roads

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 12779 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

© Seena N.K.; Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

© Rajkamal Goswami © Aravind Madhyastha

© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami Image 8. Nymphalidae buterfies belonging to subfamilies Cyrestnae: 1. Cyrests cocles; Heliconiinae: 2. Phalanta phalantha; Charaxinae: 3. Charaxes bharata, 4. Charaxes solon; Danainae: 5. Euploea mulciber, 6. Euploea sylvester

along the denser part of the forest around Maredumilli. forest in Araku Valley near the Katki Waterfall as well This species, although locally ‘very common’, partcularly as at 400m in and around Maredumilli. The species is during the rainy and immediately afer the rainy season very similar to the Common Sailer (N. hylas) which we throughout its range, hasn’t been reported yet from the have also recorded from the northern Eastern Ghats; northern Eastern Ghats (Wynter-Blyth 1957), probably however the characteristcs based on which N. sappho because the species is almost indistnguishable from E. could be distnguished from N. hylas—(the veins in core based on the underside wing-markings. Thus, it the UNH-under-hindwing is not blackened and in the might have gone unreported. forewing not blackened at least tll cell) (Evans 1932)— could be photographed and therefore could be correctly Nymphalidae identfed. The species was found to be uncommon in Subfamily: Limenitdinae the sites we recorded them from. Nepts sappho (Pallas, 1771) (Pallas’ Sailer) Our record of this species represents a signifcant (Image 10(1)) range extension, adding a new species to the list of This is the frst record of this species from Peninsular buterfies of peninsular India. From India, this species India. We observed several individuals during our was so far known from western, central and eastern surveys in July 2015 and August 2016. This species was Himalaya and the northeastern region (Varshney & encountered at about 1,100m in the highly degraded Smetacek 2015).

12780 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

© Ovee Thorat © Ovee Thorat

© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

© Ovee Thorat © Ovee Thorat Image 9. Nymphalidae buterfies belonging to subfamilies Danainae: 1. Parantca aglea; Limenitdinae: 2. Symphaedra nais, 3. Tanaecia lepidea, 4. Athyma nefe, 5. Athyma perius, 6. Athyma selenophora

Nymphalidae Papilionidae Subfamily: Satyrinae Subfamily: Papilioninae Lethe drypets (Hewitson, 1863) (Tamil Treebrown) Graphium eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Great Jay) (Image 11(2)) (Image 12(2)) Our record of this species on the 28 August 2016 Our observaton of a single individual of Graphium from Maredumilli and Jalatarangini water fall sites is the eurypylus on 19 July 2015, mud puddling among yellows, frst record of this species from the Eastern Ghats. We papilionids and hedge blues in a damp teak plantaton observed four individuals during 2015 and another two close to Maredumilli forest campus, is the frst report during 2016 around the same locatons in wet riparian of this species from peninsular India. Our record vegetaton. On both the days, rain had preceded our represents a signifcant range extension of the species visit and the species was recorded restng in the shady from its current known range in the eastern Himalaya understory. The species seemed to be locally common. and the northeast of India (Varshney & Smetacek, 2015). The subspecies L.d. todara Moore, 1881 is found in The subspecies G.e. macronius Jordan, 1909 has been India and is distributed in the Western Ghats from Goa reported from the Andaman Islands. to Kerala and the states of Chhatsgarh and Odisha Morphologically, in terms of wing markings and (Varshney & Smetacek 2015). paterns, the species is similar to Graphium evemon (Boisduval, 1836) and Graphium doson (Felder & Felder,

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 12781 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

© Ovee Thorat © Shekhar Bhujel

© Shekhar Bhujel © Ovee Thorat

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

Image 10. Nymphalidae buterfies belonging to subfamily Limenitdinae: 1. Nepts sappho, and Nymphalinae: 2. Hypolimnas bolina, 3. Junonia iphita, 4. Junonia lemonias, 5. Kallima inachus, 6. Symbrenthia lilaea

1864). The key characters in the underwing paterns, or southern Bengal yet. which distnguish it from the two similar species, could A relatvely common buterfy of the forests, P. be detected from the images we shot. On the underside helenus is widely distributed across India. It has been hindwing of this species, the costal bar is joined to the reported from western and central Himalaya, eastern dark basal band across the cell and that the extreme end Himalaya and northeast and peninsular India (Evans of the cell is red instead of brown (Evans 1932; Wynter- 1932; Wynter-Blyth 1957; Varshney & Smetacek 2015). Blyth 1957). In very rare cases when the costal band in Within peninsular India, the buterfy so far has been the UNH is not joined to the basal bar, then the basal reported from the Western Ghats, southern Eastern margin of the silver band between them is notched Ghats from the Servarayan Hills and Bangalore. (Evans 1932). This species is listed within the Part II of Schedule II list of protected animals under the Indian Papilio polymnestor (Cramer, 1775) (Blue Mormon) Wildlife (Protecton) Act (Anonymous 1972). (Image 12(6)) Our record of this species from multple locatons Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758 (Red Helen) around Maredumilli, is its frst report from the northern Our record of P. helenus from Maredumilli on 19 Eastern Ghats. We observed the species during morning July 2015 is its frst report from the northern Eastern and late afernoon nectaring around the forest edges Ghats. The species has not been recorded from Odisha close to streams and rivers on all days during our survey

12782 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

Image 11. Nymphalidae buterfies belonging to subfamily Satyrini 1. Melanits leda, 2. Lethe drypets, 3. Mycalesis mineus, © Ovee Thorat © Ovee Thorat 4. Ypthima huebneri

© Ovee Thorat © Rajkamal Goswami

© Ovee Thorat © Vikram Aditya

Image 12. Papilionidae buterfies belonging to subfamily Papilioninae 1. Graphium doson, 2. Graphium eurypylus, 3. Papilio polytes, 4. Papilio crino, 5. Papilio demoleus, 6. Papilio polymnestor © Shekhar Bhujel © Ovee Thorat

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© Rajkamal Goswami © Ovee Thorat

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

© Rajkamal Goswami © Rajkamal Goswami

Image 13. Pieridae buterfies belonging to subfamily Coliadinae: 1. Catopsilia pyranthe, 2. Eurema hecabe, 3. Eurema andersonii, 4. Eurema blanda, 5. Gandaca harina, and a Riodinidae buterfy belonging to the subfamily Nemeobiina: 6. Abisara bifasciata

periods in 2015 and 2016. Pieridae P. polymnestor is a large common buterfy in Subfamily: Coliadinae peninsular India and found in urban, rural as well as Eurema andersonii (Moore, 1886) (One-spot Grass edges of forested areas. Although the buterfy is Yellow) (Image 13(3)) believed to be endemic to peninsular India (Kunte & Our record of one specimen of Eurema andersonii Gadgil 2000), its occurrence has been reported from as on 18 July 2015, which lay injured on the SH 41 near far as Sikkim, southern Bihar, West Bengal (Wynter-Blyth Rampachodavaram probably afer being hit by a 1957) as well as neighbouring Bangladesh (Larsen 2004). vehicle, is its frst report from northern Eastern Ghats. RG has also recorded this species from Nongpoh located On both sides of the roads were teak plantatons of in the northern Khasi Hills, Meghalaya at 600m. variable age. This is the only record of this species we From the Eastern Ghats, there is only one previous have got so far from our entre survey efort. record of this species by Best (1954) from the This buterfy’s known distributon in India so far Nagalapuram Hills in southern Andhra Pradesh, close to ranges from Utarakhand, central Himalayan region, the Tamil Nadu border. northeast, and the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu in peninsular India and the South Andaman Islands (Varshney & Smetacek 2015; Sondhi & Kunte 2018).

12784 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 Checklist of buterfies from northern Eastern Ghats Goswami et al.

Table 3. List of buterfies recorded during the survey along with their schedule according to the Wildlife Protecton Act (1972). New species records for Peninsular India, Entre Eastern Ghats, northern Eastern Ghats and Andhra Pradesh are indicated with ‘X’ mark. WPA 1972=Wildlife Protecton Act (1972). PI - Peninsular India; EEG - Entre Eastern Ghats; NEG - northern Eastern Ghats; AP - Andhra Pradesh

Image Schedule Common name Scientfc name Family Subfamily Tribe New species record number Species -WPA, PI EEG NEG AP 1972 Image Badamia exclamatonis 1 Brown Awl Hesperiidae Coeliadinae 2(1) (Fabricius, 1775) Image Bibasis sena (Moore, Sch II 2 Orange-tailed Awl Hesperiidae Coeliadinae X X X 2(2) [1866]) (Part II) Hasora badra (Moore, 3 Common Awl Hesperiidae Coeliadinae [1858]) Common banded Hasora chromus 4 Hesperiidae Coeliadinae Awl (Cramer, 1780) Image 5 Aw sp. Hasora sp. Hesperiidae Coeliadinae 2(3) Image Hasora vita (Butler, 6 Plain banded Awl Hesperiidae Coeliadinae X Sch IV 2(4) 1870) Image Oriens goloides 7 Ceylon Dartlet Hesperiidae Hesperiinae Taractrocerini 2(5) (Moore, [1881]) Image Cupitha purreea 8 Wax Dart Hesperiidae Hesperiinae Aeromachini X X X 2(6) (Moore, 1877) Image Iambrix salsala (Moore, 9 Chestnut Bob Hesperiidae Hesperiinae Aeromachini 3(1) [1866]) Image Matapa aria (Moore, 10 Common Redeye Hesperiidae Hesperiinae Aeromachini X X X 3(2) [1866]) Image Notocrypta curvifascia 11 Restricted Demon Hesperiidae Hesperiinae Aeromachini 3(3) (Felder & Felder, 1862) Image 12 Dart sp. Potanthus sp. Hesperiidae Hesperiinae Aeromachini 3(4) Image Suastus gremius 13 Indian Palm Bob Hesperiidae Hesperiinae Aeromachini 3(5) (Fabricius, 1798) Image Caprona ransonneti 14 Golden Angle Hesperiidae Pyrginae Tagiadini 3(6) (Felder, 1868) Odontoptlum Image 15 Chestnut Angle angulatum (Felder& Hesperiidae Pyrginae Tagiadini X 4(1) Felder, 1862) Sarangesa dasahara 16 Common Small Flat Hesperiidae Pyrginae Celaenorrhinini (Moore, [1866]) Image Sarangesa purendra 17 Spoted Small Flat Hesperiidae Pyrginae Celaenorrhinini X X X 4(2) Moore, 1882 Image Tagiades gana (Moore, 18 Sufused Snow Flat Hesperiidae Pyrginae Tagiadini 4(3) [1866]) Tagiades japetus (Stoll, 19 Common Snow Flat Hesperiidae Pyrginae Tagiadini [1781]) Image Tagiades litgiosa 20 Water Snow Flat Hesperiidae Pyrginae Tagiadini 4(4) Möschler, 1878 Celaenorrhinus Image Common Spoted 21 leucocera (Kollar, Hesperiidae Pyrginae Celaenorrhinini 4(5) Flat [1844]) Image Acytolepis puspa 22 Common Hedge Blue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 5(1) (Horsfeld, [1828]) Anthene emolus 23 Common Ciliate Blue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni (Godart, [1824]) Image Caleta elna (Hewitson, 24 Elbowed Pierrot Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 5(2) 1876) Image Castalius rosimon 25 Common Pierrot Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 5(3) (Fabricius, 1775) Image Chilades lajus (Stoll, 26 Lime Blue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 5(4) [1780]) Image Chilades pandava 27 Plains Cupid Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 5(5) (Horsfeld, [1829]) Image Euchrysops cnejus Sch II 28 Gram Blue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 5(6) (Fabricius, 1798) (Part II) Jamides alecto (Felder, 29 Metallic Cerulean Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 1860)

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Image Schedule Common name Scientfc name Family Subfamily Tribe New species record number Species -WPA, PI EEG NEG AP 1972 Jamides bochus (Stoll, 30 Dark Cerulean Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni [1782]) Jamides celeno 31 Common Cerulean Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni (Cramer, [1775]) Image Rounded Six-Line Nacaduba berenice 32 Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni X X X 6(1) Blue (Herrich-Schäfer, 1869) Image Petrelaea dana (de 33 Dingy Lineblue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 6(2) Nicéville, [1884]) Image Prosotas dubiosa 34 Tailless Lineblue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 6(3) (Semper, [1879]) Prosotas nora (Felder, 35 Common Lineblue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 1860) Talicada nyseus 36 Red Pierrot (Guérin-Méneville, Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 1843) Image Caleta decidia 37 Angled Pierrot Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 6(4) (Hewitson, 1876) Image Zizeeria karsandra 38 Dark Grass Blue Lycaenidae Polyommatnae Polyommatni 6(5) (Moore, 1865) Surendra quercetorum 39 Common Acacia Blue Lycaenidae Theclinae Arhopalini (Moore, [1858]) Amblypodia anita 40 Purple Leaflue Lycaenidae Theclinae Amblypodiini Hewitson, 1862 Image Loxura atymnus (Stoll, 41 Yamfy Lycaenidae Theclinae Loxurini X X 6(6) 1780) Image Spindasis syama 42 Club Silverline Lycaenidae Theclinae Aphnaeini 7(1) (Horsfeld, 1829) Image Spindasis vulcanus 43 Common Silverline Lycaenidae Theclinae Aphnaeini 7(2) (Fabricius, 1775) Image Zeltus amasa 44 Flufy Tit Lycaenidae Theclinae Hypolycaenini 7(3) (Hewitson, 1865) Ariadne ariadne 45 Angled Castor Nymphalidae Biblidinae Biblidini (Linnaeus, 1763) Ariadne merione 46 Common Castor Nymphalidae Biblidinae Biblidini (Cramer, [1777]) Image Cyrests cocles Sch II 47 Marbled Map Nymphalidae Cyrestnae Cyrestni X 8(1) Fabricius, 1787 (Part II) Acraea terpsicore 48 Tawny Coster Nymphalidae Heliconiinae Acraeini (Linnaeus, 1758) Image Phalanta phalantha 49 Common Leopard Nymphalidae Heliconiinae Vagrantni 8(2) (Drury, [1773]) Image Charaxes bharata 50 Indian Nawab Nymphalidae Charaxinae Charaxini 8(3) (Felder & Felder, 1867) Image Charaxes solon 51 Black Rajah Nymphalidae Charaxinae Charaxini 8(4) (Fabricius, 1793) Danaus chrysippus 52 Plain Tiger Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini (Linnaeus, 1758) Danaus genuta 53 Striped Tiger Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini (Cramer, [1779]) Euploea core (Cramer, 54 Common Crow Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini [1780]) Image Euploea mulciber 55 Striped Blue Crow Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini Sch IV 8(5) (Cramer, [1777]) Image Double branded Euploea sylvester 56 Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini X X 8(6) Crow (Fabricius, 1793) Image Parantca aglea (Stoll, 57 Glassy Tiger Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini 9(1) [1782]) Tirumala limniace 58 Blue Tiger Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini (Cramer, [1775]) Tirumala septentrionis 59 Dark Blue Tiger Nymphalidae Danainae Danaini (Butler, 1874) Cirrochroa aoris 60 Large Yeoman Nymphalidae Heliconiinae Vagrantni (Doubleday, [1847])

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Image Schedule Common name Scientfc name Family Subfamily Tribe New species record number Species -WPA, PI EEG NEG AP 1972 Image Symphaedra nais 61 Baronet Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Adoliadini 9(2) (Forster, 1771) Image Tanaecia lepidea 62 Grey Count Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Adoliadini 9(3) (Butler, 1868) Image Athyma nefe 63 Colour Sergeant Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Limenitdini 9(4) (Westwood, 1850) Image Athyma perius 64 Common Sergeant Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Limenitdini 9(5) (Linnaeus, 1758) Image Athyma selenophora 65 Staf Sergeant Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Limenitdini 9(6) (Kollar, [1844]) Moduza procris 66 Commander Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Limenitdini (Cramer, [1777]) Image Nepts sappho (Pallas, 67 Pallas' Sailer Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Limenitdini X X X X 10(1) 1771) Nepts hylas (Linnaeus, 68 Common Sailer Nymphalidae Limenitdinae Neptni 1758) Image Hypolimnas bolina 69 Great Eggfy Nymphalidae Nymphalinae Junoniini 10(2) (Linnaeus, 1758) Hypolimnas misippus Sch II 70 Danaid Eggfy Nymphalidae Nymphalinae Junoniini (Linnaeus, 1764ŽŽ) (Part II) Junonia atlites 71 Grey Pansy Nymphalidae Nymphalinae Junoniini (Linnaeus, 1763) Image Junonia iphita (Cramer, 72 Chocolate Pansy Nymphalidae Nymphalinae Junoniini 10(3) [1779]) Image Junonia lemonias 73 Lemon Pansy Nymphalidae Nymphalinae Junoniini 10(4) (Linnaeus, 1758) Image Kallima inachus 74 Orange Oakleaf Nymphalidae Nymphalinae Kallimini 10(5) (Boisduval, 1846) Image Symbrenthia lilaea 75 Common Jester Nymphalidae Nymphalinae Nymphalini 10(6) (Hewitson, 1864) Elymnias hypermnestra 76 Common Palmfy Nymphalidae Satyrinae Elymniini (Linnaeus, 1763) Image Common Evening- Melanits leda 77 Nymphalidae Satyrinae Melanitni 11(1) brown (Linnaeus, 1758) Image Lethe drypets 78 Tamil Treebrown Nymphalidae Satyrinae Satyrini X X X 11(2) (Hewitson, 1863) Image Dark-brand Mycalesis mineus 79 Nymphalidae Satyrinae Satyrini 11(3) Bushbrown (Linnaeus, 1758) Mycalesis perseus 80 Common Bushbrown Nymphalidae Satyrinae Satyrini (Fabricius, 1775) Image Ypthima huebneri Kirby, 81 Common Four-ring Nymphalidae Satyrinae Satyrini 11(4) 1871 Pantoporia hordonia 82 Common Lascar Nymphalidae (Stoll, [1790]) Graphium sarpedon 83 Common Bluebotle Papilionidae Papilioninae Leptocircini (Linnaeus, 1758) Image Graphium eurypylus 84 Great Jay Papilionidae Papilioninae Leptocircini X X X X 12(2) (Linnaeus, 1758) Image Graphium doson 85 Common Jay Papilionidae Papilioninae Leptocircini 12(1) (Felder & Felder, 1864) Papilio helenus 86 Red Helen Papilionidae Papilioninae Papilionini X X Linnaeus, 1758 Papilio clyta Linnaeus, 87 Common Mime Papilionidae Papilioninae Papilionini 1758 Image Papilio polytes 88 Common Mormon Papilionidae Papilioninae Papilionini 12(3) Linnaeus, 1758 Image Common-banded Papilio crino Fabricius, 89 Papilionidae Papilioninae Papilionini 12(4) Peacock 1793 Image Papilio demoleus 90 Lime Swallowtail Papilionidae Papilioninae Papilionini 12(5) Linnaeus, 1758 Image Papilio polymnestor 91 Blue Mormon Papilionidae Papilioninae Papilionini X X 12(6) (Cramer, [1775]) Catopsilia pomona 92 Common Emigrant Pieridae Coliadinae Coliadini (Fabricius, 1775)

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Image Schedule Common name Scientfc name Family Subfamily Tribe New species record number Species -WPA, PI EEG NEG AP 1972 Image Catopsilia pyranthe 93 Motled Emigrant Pieridae Coliadinae Coliadini 13(1) (Linnaeus, 1758) Image Common Grass Eurema hecabe 94 Pieridae Coliadinae Euremini 13(2) Yellow (Linnaeus, 1758) Image One-spot Grass Eurema andersonii 95 Pieridae Coliadinae Euremini X X 13(3) Yellow (Moore, 1886) Image Three-spot Grass Eurema blanda 96 Pieridae Coliadinae Euremini 13(4) Yellow (Boisduval, 1836) Image Gandaca harina 97 Tree Yellow Pieridae Coliadinae Incertae sedis X X X X 13(5) (Horsfeld, 1829) Pareronia hippia 98 Wanderer Pieridae Pierinae Nepheroniini (Fabricius, 1787) Appias albina 99 Common Albatross Pieridae Pierinae Pierini (Boisduval, 1836) Delias eucharis (Drury, 100 Common Jezebel Pieridae Pierinae Pierini 1773) Cepora nerissa 101 Common Gull Pieridae Pierinae Pierini (Fabricius, 1775) Image Abisara bifasciata 102 Double-banded Judy Riodinidae Nemeobiinae Abisarini 13(6) Moore, 1877

Gandaca harina (Horsfeld, [1829]) (Tree Yellow) (Image Graphium eurypylus, a new species record for the Indian 13(4)) peninsular region. We add 17 new buterfies to the Our observaton of Gandaca harina on 18 July 2015 existng buterfies of the state of Andhra Pradesh. from a shade cofee plantaton edge close to Maredumilli, Highest number of new species records (six) were is the frst report of this species from peninsular India. obtained for members of the Herperiidae family, probably Apart from this record, we observed this species only because most buterfy survey tends to take place once twice and believe that it might be rarely distributed in the day gets warmer, usually late morning, once the sun the northern Eastern Ghats within its preferred habitat is fully out. Most of the Hesperiidae are shade loving of forest with dense forest canopy. The sub-species, G. and are usually crepuscular, i.e., they are most actve h. assamica Moore, 1906, so far known to be occurring during the early morning and evenings. Moreover, they across the northeast and West Bengal (Varshney & are also fast moving and cryptc, therefore difcult to Smetacek 2015) was recently reported from Kumaon by observe and capture images. Sondhi (2017). Two other sub-species G. h. andamana Among the other more camera-friendly and Moore, 1906 and G. h. nicobarica Evans, 1932 has relatvely more ubiquitous buterfy families, most new been reported from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands records were for species which are difcult to identfy respectvely. without handling them. Such as the Double-banded Crow Euploea sylvester. A few are impossible to identfy conclusively without high quality images which manages DISCUSSION to capture fner identfying morphological characteristcs and wing-markings. For example, the Rounded Six- A rapid and opportunistc but intensive survey of lineblue Nacaduba berenice, the Pallas’ Sailer Nepts buterfies at a few sites within the northern Eastern sappho and Great Jay Graphium eurypylus. Ghats resulted in recording 102 species of buterfies Thus, while the number of new records underlines out of which 17 records were highly signifcant in nature. how under explored the region has been tll date, the These included three new species records for peninsular high turnover of buterfy species within a short rapid India, nine new species records for the Eastern Ghats and survey underscores the importance of the northern 14 new species records for the northern Eastern Ghats. Eastern Ghats as an area with signifcant buterfy Nine of the species are accorded highest protecton diversity. During our survey, we recorded very high under the Indian Wildlife Act (Anonymous 1972) which buterfy actvity along the streams and roads with include species such as the Orange-tailed Awl Bibasis hundreds of lycaenids, pierids and papilionids seen to sena, a new species for the Eastern Ghats and Great Jay be mud puddling.

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Numerous records of both Western Ghats, and increasing the popularity of biodiversity rich area. northeastern Indian and Himalayan buterfy species Further, the eco-tourist tends to artculate strong and during our survey strengthens the theory that the infuental pro-conservaton opinion during fashpoints Eastern Ghats is a transitonal zone which facilitates of crises and threats. Therefore, we strongly recommend species mixing and might have been crucial in the the development and implementaton of a well- colonisaton of peninsular India by the oriental fauna, regulated buterfy tourism plan, within the framework which is known to comprise 78% of all buterfies known of responsible and low-impact ecotourism, to atract so far from the Western Ghats (Kunte 2016). amateur naturalists and nature lovers. The Eastern Ghats, partcularly the northern Eastern Ghats, is under severe developmental pressure today. Large areas, some of which include the sites we surveyed CONCLUSION has been earmarked for many upcoming development and mining projects, including the Polavaram The survey showed that both the northern Eastern hydroelectric project, which will lead to the creaton of Ghats and the PNP are very important sites for buterfy one of the largest dams in India. The resultng reservoir diversity and conservaton. Currently both face high is poised to submerge a substantal area comprised conservaton threats and the fndings may be used to of primary forests. We feel that development at such contain or reduce the extent of threat. The current high ecological costs has been allowed in the northern fndings although limited by tme and funds, lay the Eastern Ghats without much resistance, unlike other foundaton for more long-term, detailed and focussed ‘biodiversity hotspots’, mainly because it has not received buterfy surveys in the future. Diversity studies such due atenton from the conservaton community. as these will help to prioritse area for conservaton and The area is a goldmine for both the amateur natural research, and designate no go areas for developmental historians and the conservaton biologists seeking new and high intensity extracton/habitat transformaton avenues and area to study and conduct research. Higher actvites. engagement with this very poorly explored region will help to highlight its precarious status. For example, besides Polavaram, fve other medium irrigaton dams REFERENCES at Bhupathipalem, Musurumilli, Kovvadakalva, Jalleru and Surampalem have come up around PNP. Mining Aditya, V. & T. Ganesh (2016). 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60pp. Author Details: Rajkamal Goswami’s broad Prashanth, M.B. (2016). Birds in the Eastern Ghats. Page 4. Manyam - A newsleter on the Eastern Ghats. research interests includes conservaton ATREE, Bengaluru. science with a focus on animal community dynamics across natural and modifed Price, T.D. (1979). The seasonality and occurrence of birds in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. ecosystems. He is currently assistng in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 76(3): 379–422. coordinaton of a large-scale project on the Rao, M.V.S. (2000). Conserving Biodiversity in the Species-Rich Forests of Andhra Pradesh in Eastern mapping and inventory of bioresources Ghats, India. Selbyana 21(1/2): 52–59. in the north-eastern region of India at Rawat, G.S. (1997). Conservaton status of forests and wildlife in the Eastern Ghats, India. Environmental ATREE. Ovee Thorat is a PhD student at Conservaton 24(4): 307–315. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Ripley, D., B. Beehler & K. Raju (1986). Birds of the Visakhapatnam Ghats, Andhra Pradesh. Journal of the Environment, Bengaluru. She uses an interdisciplinary approach to study the Bombay Natural History Society 84(3): 540–558. landscape change in arid and semi-arid Saji, K. & V.K. Chandrashekharan (2017). Odontoptlum angulata Felder, 1862 Chestnut Angle. In: Kunte, grasslands in India. Her PhD research K., S.S. Sondhi & P. Roy(eds.). Buterfies of India. v. 2.28 Indian Foundaton for Buterfies, Bangalore. involves understanding how development Accessed on 12 August 2017; htps://www.ifoundbuterfies.org/sp/483/Odontoptlum-angulata interventons have transformed the Samata (2003). A study on process of acquisiton of land for development of mining industry in landscape of Banni grasslands. Vikram schedule-V areas with a focus on violaton of PESA in light of the mining and the industrializaton Aditya is a PhD student in conservaton process in the schedule-V areas. Samata, Hyderabad. science and sustainability studies at ATREE. His primary research interests lie Sondhi, S. (2017). First records of buterfies Anthene emolus emolus (Godart, [1924]) (Lepidoptera: in community and landscape ecology. He Lycaenidae: Polyommatnae) and Gandaca harina assamica Moore, [1906] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: is currently focusing on mammal diversity Coliadinae) from Kumaon, Utarakhand, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(6): 10355–10357; htps:// and distributon paterns in tropical forest doi.org/10.11609/jot.3233.9.6.10355-10357 landscapes with a focus on the northern Sondhi, S. & K. Kunte (2018). Buterfies of Utarakhand - A Field Guide. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Eastern Ghats region.Seena Narayanan Singh (Dehradun), Titli Trust (Dehradun), Natonal Centre for Biological Sciences (Bengaluru), and Karimbumkara is a Senior Research Indian Foundaton for Buterfies (Bengaluru), x+310pp. Associate & Assistant Museum Curator at ATREE. Her broad expertse includes Sreekar, R. & C. Srinivasulu (2010). New site record of Yellow-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus xantholaemus insect ecology and taxonomy. Currently from Andhra Pradesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 92(2): 266–267. her research has been focussed on the Sreekar, R., C. Srinivasulu, M. Seetharamaraju & C.A. Srinivasulu (2010). Selecton of egg atachment biosystematcs of scarabaeine dung beetles sites by the Indian Golden Gecko Calodactylodes aureus (Beddome, 1870) (Reptlia: Gekkonidae) in of the Indian Subcontnent and she has Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(11): 1268-1272; htps://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT. worked extensively on the dung beetles o2393.1268-72 of India across both Western Ghats and Vane-Wright, R. I. & R. de Jong (2003). The buterfies of Sulawesi: Annotated checklist for a critcal Northeast India. island fauna Zoologische Verhandelingen 343: 3–268. Author Contributon: Rajkamal collected Varshney, R.K. & P. Smetacek (eds.) (2015). A Synoptc Catalogue of the Buterfies of India. Buterfy data in the feld, compiled the checklist Research Centre, Bhimtal, 261pp. and wrote the manuscript. Ovee collected Wood-Mason, J. & L. de Niceville (1881). List of diurnal lepidoptera inhabitng the Nicobar islands. data in the feld, contributed to the Journal of the Asiatc Society of Bengal 50(3): 224–238. manuscript and prepared the image plates. Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957). Buterfies of the Indian Region. The Bombay Natural History Society, Vikram facilitated logistcs during feld Bombay, India, 523pp. data collecton, helped in data collecton and contributed to the manuscript. Seena helped in data collecton, contributed to the manuscript and worked on the taxonomy of the buterfies. Threatened Taxa

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 12791 OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

November 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 13 | Pages: 12715–12858 Date of Publicaton: 26 November 2018 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2018.10.13.12715-12858

Artcles Odonata of eastern Bangladesh with three new records for the country -- M. Kawsar Khan, Pp. 12821–12827 The patern of bird distributon along the elevaton gradient of the Sutlej River basin, western Himalaya, India Two new species of phytoseid mites Euseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from -- Balraj Santhakumar, P. Ramachandran Arun, Ramapurath Kozhummal Sony, Kerala, India Maruthakut Murugesan & Chinnasamy Ramesh, Pp. 12715–12725 -- P.P. Santhosh, Mary Anithalatha Sadanandan & M.P. Rahul, Pp. 12828– 12832 Morphological variatons in marine puferfsh and porcupinefsh (Teleostei: Tetraodontformes) from Tamil Nadu, southeastern coast of India --K. Kaleshkumar, R. Rajaram, P. Purushothaman & G. Arun, Pp. 12726–12737 Notes

First photographic record of tger presence at higher elevatons of the Communicatons Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India Possible range decline of Ganges River Dolphin Platanista gangetca -- Aisho Sharma Adhikarimayum & G.V. Gopi, Pp. 12833–12836 (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Platanistdae) in Indian Sundarban -- Sangita Mitra & Mahua Roy Chowdhury, Pp. 12738–12748 An old collecton reveals an additonal distributon record of the Greater Long-tongued Fruit Bat Macroglossus sobrinus K. Anderson, 1911 Retrospectve study on epidemiology of snakebites in Sarpang District, (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from southern West Bengal, India southern Bhutan -- Tauseef Hamid Dar, M. Kamalakannan, C. Venkatraman & Kailash Chandra, -- Bal Krishna Koirala, Jaganath Koirala & Sunil Sapkota, Pp. 12749–12754 Pp. 12837–12839

Individual identfcaton of Dutaphrynus melanostctus (Schneider, 1799) Breeding reports and conservaton implicatons of the Endangered (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) based on dorsal wart paterns Black-bellied Tern Sterna acutcauda J.E. Gray, 1831 (Aves: Charadriiformes: -- Uddalak Tathagato Bindhani & Abhijit Das, Pp. 12755–12768 Laridae) in Odisha, eastern India -- Tuhinansu Kar, Himanshu Shekhar Palei & Subrat Debata, Pp. 12840–12843 A preliminary checklist of buterfies from the northern Eastern Ghats with notes on new and signifcant species records including three new reports for A frst record of the Redbelly Yellowtail Fusilier Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791) peninsular India (Teleostei: Caesionidae) from Visakhapatnam coastal waters, India -- Rajkamal Goswami, Ovee Thorat, Vikram Aditya & Seena Narayanan -- Muddula Krishna Naranji, Govinda Rao Velamala & Kondamudi Ramesh Karimbumkara, Pp. 12769–12791 Babu, Pp. 12844–12846

Aquatc and semi aquatc Hemiptera community of Sonebeel, the largest A record afer 92 years, and a frst report of the moth Mecodina metagrapta wetland of Assam, northeastern India Hampson, 1926 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Aganainae) from the Western -- Anupama Saha & Susmita Gupta, Pp. 12792–12799 Ghats’ part of Maharashtra, India -- Aparna Sureshchandra Kalawate, Pp. 12847–12849

Short Communicatons A new record of the Malay Cardamom Amomum aculeatum Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) for mainland India First record of colour aberraton in Basra Reed Warbler Acrocephalus griseldis -- Sameer Chandrakant Patl & P. Lakshminarasimhan, Pp. 12850–12853 (Hartlaub, 1891) (Passeriformes: Acrocephalidae) from Central Marshes of southern Iraq, with notes on its intraspecifc/interspecifc behavior New distributon records of the leopard plants Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. -- Omar F. Al-Sheikhly, Mukhtar K. Haba, Nadheer A. Faza’a & Ra’ad H. Al-Asady, and Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae) in the Indian Himalaya Pp. 12800–12804 -- Bikarma Singh, Sumit Singh & Bishander Singh, Pp. 12854–12858

Avian fauna of Amboli Ghat, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra State, India -- Varun Satose, Vikrant Choursiya, Rakesh Deulkar & Sasikumar Menon, Miscellaneous Pp. 12805–12816 Natonal Biodiversity Authority DNA barcoding and morphological characterizaton of moth Antoculeora Member ornatssima (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a new range record from western Himalayan region of India -- Twinkle Sinha, P.R. Shashank & Pratma Chaudhuri Chatopadhyay, Pp. 12817– 12820

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