DOCSLIB.ORG

Non-Farm Employmentand Production Efficiency of Farm Household in Bangladesh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Non-Farm Employmentand Production Efficiency of Farm Household in Bangladesh Bangladesh J. Agric. Econs. XXXVII, 1&2 (2014, 2015) 55-68 NON-FARM EMPLOYMENTAND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF FARM HOUSEHOLD IN BANGLADESH Shakila Salam1 Siegfried Bauer2 ABSTRACT This article attempts to examine the effect of non-farm employment on rural farm household’s technical efficiency in Bangladesh. Cobb-Douglas production function through stochastic frontier modelwith single stage estimation procedure is used to estimate farm efficiencies. The study was based on primary data collected from a cross-section of 153 farm households, drawn by multi-stage purposivesampling from three districts of Bangladesh. Part-time farmers are less technically efficient than the full-time farmers which indicate negative influence of non-farm employment on farm efficiency. A mixed influence on technical efficiency is found when non-farm employment is broken down into different sources. Compared toother types of non-farm activities, self-employment increases the farm technical efficiency. Results indicate that numbers of active household members, household head age, farm size, and ownership of agricultural machines are important factors for reducing the inefficiency level of part-time agricultural households. Key words: Non-farm employment; Technical efficiency; Stochastic frontier; Farm household; and Bangladesh I. INTRODUCTION The movement of labour out of agriculture has significantly witnessed in many developing countries like Bangladesh. Participation in part-time farming or multiple jobholding is not a recent phenomenon in the world. Many developed and developing countries (e.g., Germany, Japan, Ireland, England, Korea, China, etc.) promoted part-time farming for structural transformation and development of the economy (Pfeffer, 1989; Johnston, 1962; Cawley, 1983; Zhou et al, 2001; and Kimhi, 2000). Part-time farming is commonly defined as a special case of multiple job-holding, which implies the combination of a small amount of farming practices along with an occupation outside of agriculture (Shishko andRostker, 1976; and Salter, 1936). The increasing nature of unemployment in Bangladesh is a result of high population growth rate, extreme landlessness and seasonal nature of agriculture. Besides, wide-spread use of modern technologies, especially in land preparation, irrigation and post- harvesting has also released a considerable amount of labour from agriculture. Moreover, less 1Assistant Professor, Institute of Agribusiness and Development Studies, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. E-mail: [email protected] 2Professor, Department of Regional and Project Planning, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. 56 The Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics profitable farming business contributed to the deep pervasiveness of poverty in rural farm households. Therefore, rural households are losing their interest on farming and compelled to join in some sort of non-farm activities. Households are generally engaged in self- employment based activities (such as, business, cottage industry, transportation services, retail trading, etc.), wage based activities (non-agricultural labour work, service in government and non-government organizations, industrial labour and so on) and migrating to urban or overseas countries. As agriculture in Bangladesh is still characterized by subsistence farming, most of the farmers are not interested to leave farming as a whole. Therefore, part-time farming has emerged as an alternative livelihood strategy for surviving land-scarce poor farm households. However, participation in non-farm activities has direct and indirect influence on agricultural production. Existing studies on different countries, for instance studies on Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Kosovo, Ethiopia, and China reveal that involvement in different types of non-farm activities might have a considerable impact on rural areas (Dittrich and Jeleva, 2009; Surd, 2010; Peacock, 2012; Sauera et al, 2015; Abebe, 2014; and Jin et al, 2014). Particularly, farm income of part-time farmer is insufficient and it is considered as one of the important threats to achieve production efficiency in agriculture (Jervell, 1999). Therefore, the consequence of non-farm employment on agricultural production efficiency is still under farm policy debate. This situation leads to an important query about the impact of non-farm activities on agricultural efficiency. This studyfocuses on the effect of non-farm income on farm technical efficiency in Bangladesh. Another objective of this research is to identify the factors causing variations in technical efficiency of part-time farming households. A Stochastic frontier model with single stage estimation procedure is used to address the objectives of the research. Moreover, the study contributes to the development literature by finding out the actual relation among non- farm income, part-time farming, and technical efficiency. The findings of Bojnec and Ferto (2011), Yue and Sonoda (2012), and Abebe (2014) confirmed the positive association between off-farm income and technical efficiency in case of Slovenian, Chinese, and Ethiopian farmers, respectively. On the other hand, Kumbhakar et al (1991) found that farmers without off-farm wage are more efficient than those with off-farm wage on Utah dairy farm households. Although there has been much research on the efficiency measurement, but very few research are done to find out this type of non-farm income effect on farm efficiency in Bangladesh. Therefore, analysing the impact of non-farm income on farm technical efficiency is of greater importance and aims to fill the gap in this area. II. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Data Sources The required data for this study was derived from a cross-sectional primary data set, collected through a farm household survey from 3 districts, namely Mymensingh, Comilla and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh. Among these districts, Comilla is a district where non-farm employment and migration rate is too high and 39.41 percent of households fully depend on Non-Farm Employment and Production 57 non-agricultural activity for their livelihood (BBS, 2011). According to latest available data, Mymensingh added the highest gross value to agriculture, while Comilla added comparatively lower value in 2005 (BBS, 2006). Bhaluka and Haluaghat Upazilas under Mymensingh, BoruraUpazila under Comilla and BirolUpazila under Dinajpur district were selected as study areas. Finally, multi-stage purposivesampling procedure was employed to identify the 153 sample households from four villages. Sample households were categorized into farm households (income source is only agricultural activities), and farm and non-farm income earning households or part-time farming households (income source is both agriculture and non-farm activities) consisting of 59 and 94 households respectively (Appendices Table A1). Data were collected through a key information and questionnaire survey with farm households during July to November 2014. For gathering qualitative information, knowing the actual situation and crosschecking the data, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the farmers was conducted in each of the selected villages. 2.2 Empirical model The term technical efficiency (TE) measures the degree to which a producer maximize possible outputs using a given set of inputs, or producing a given level of output by using possible minimum inputs. The first definition leads to the term of output-oriented efficiency measures, whereas the next one indicates input-oriented efficiency measures (Coelli et al, 2005a). In this analysis, an output-oriented efficiency measure is used because it is mostly practiced in developing country’s agricultural production system.There are two approaches for measuring technical efficiency: (i) the parametric and (ii) the non-parametric approach. Like many other previous studies, this study considered parametric approach for estimating TE and its determinants in a single-equation procedure (Kumbhakar et al, 1991; Huang and Lui, 1994; Battese and Coelli, 1995; Kilic et al, 2009; Anik, 2012; andKabir et al, 2015). This single-equation approach is widely used and less objectionable from a statistical point of view, as it provides more efficient inference regarding included parameters. As based on a certain point of production frontier (where technical efficiency is zero) the ratio between observed (actual) output and potential output calculates the degree of technical efficiency of each agricultural household; stochastic frontier approach is best suited to this situation (Coelli et al, 2005b; and Kilic et al, 2009). Thus, the amount by which an agricultural household actual production level drops below the frontier level is measured by technical inefficiency. Mathematically, TE can be expressed as, Yi TEi = …………………………………………….(1) vi f (X i ;β )*e th Where, Yi and Xi indicate output and vector of inputs used in the production by i household v respectively, β is a vector of frontier parameters to be estimated and e i implies random shocks.This value of efficiency lies between zero and one. The efficiency score 1 implies achievement of potential production level and less than 1 indicates existence of technical inefficiency. 58 The Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics Cobb-Douglas (CD) and Translog (TL) models are mostly used for frontier analysis in the previous studies. In this research, both of these models are specified and finally selected most relevant one by using log-likelihood ratio test. The test statistic is presented as: LR = -2{ln [L(H0)/L(H1)]}
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Impact Foundation Bangladesh Annual Report’ 2010
    Impact Foundation Bangladesh ANNUAL REPORT’ 2010 About US Before 1990s the disability is- in the living standard of the rural gramme. sue as perceived today, was al- poor by preventing the causes of IFB employs about 200 full-time most nonexistent in the context disabilities through education, staff for its overall operation. 90% of Bangladesh. The late Sir John awareness, training, curative med- of IFB staff is field based in the Wilson CBE, OBE, DCL, who ical services and appropriate so- three IFB project sites. The field was the pioneer of the interna- cial and economic programmes.” offices are in Chuadanga, Me- tional disability movement, was IFB is governed by a Board of herpur and Impact “Jibon Tari” the inspiration of Impact Founda- Trustees and managed by a team are led by the respective Pro- tion Bangladesh. With the support of highly dedicated staff and gen- gramme Administrators. and guidance of this great leader erous volunteers. The IFB organi- IFB stepped forward in 1993 as IFB believes that disability is both zational structure involves a small a Charitable Trust and registered a cause and effect of poverty and head office located in Dhaka non-profit development organiza- persons with disabilities are the headed by the Director with three tion in Bangladesh with the aim, poorest of the poor in the context interdependent departments; Fi- “To achieve sustainable increase of Bangladesh. nance, Administration and Pro- Major Intervention of IFB Hospital Services Community Service • Surgery (Eye, ENT, Orthopedic, Plastic, hydro-
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2011-12
    ANNUAL REPORT 2011-12 BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTCORPORATION MONITORING DIVISION 1 ANNUAL REPORT 2011-12 Prepared by : Marina Sarmin Chief : Sheikh Mohammed Saiful Islam Deputy Chief : Md. Shahin Mia Research Officer Edited by : Marina Sarmin Chief Sheikh Mohammed Saiful Islam Deputy Chief : Md. Shahin Mia Research Officer Computer composed by : Md. Abul Kashem Assistant Administrative Officer Md. Humayan Kabir Assistant Personal Officer Published by : Monitoring Division 2 FOREWORD In fulfilment of the statutory requirement as outlined in the charter of the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation, the annual report for the year 2011-12 has been prepared and hereby forwarded. This report contains financial & physical aspects of 24 development projects (12 under crop sub-sector and 12 under irrigation sub-sector) and 83 programs (9 programs under crop sub-sector, 73 programs under irrigation sector and one program under fertilizer management) executed by BADC. The annual report for the year 2011-12 is the outcome of extensive and collective efforts of different executing divisions of the Corporation in general and Monitoring Division in particular. It would be more appreciable if the annual report on the activities of BADC brought out in time. However, the officers and the staffs of the Monitoring Division, who worked hard for its compilation, deserve appreciation. Md. Zahir Uddin Ahmed ndc Chairman BADC 3 PREFACE Publication of annual report on the activities of BADC is a statutory obligation. In fulfillment of such statutory requirement, The Monitoring Division of the Corporation, in close co-operation of the executing divisions and project offices has prepared the annual report for 2011-12.
    [Show full text]
  • 137 - Local Government Division
    453 Grant No. 34 137 - Local Government Division Medium Term Expenditure (Taka in Thousands) Budget Projection Description 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Operating Expenditure 4321,54,00 4753,69,00 5229,06,00 Development Expenditure 29919,66,00 31541,98,00 34696,18,00 Total 34241,20,00 36295,67,00 39925,24,00 Recurrent 7815,04,16 9003,87,04 8807,80,41 Capital 26425,35,84 27289,84,96 31115,37,59 Financial Asset 80,00 1,95,00 2,06,00 Liability 0 0 0 Total 34241,20,00 36295,67,00 39925,24,00 1.0 Mission Statement and Major Functions 1.1 Mission Statement Improve the living standard of the people by strengthening local government system, developing climate resilient rural and urban infrastructure and implementing socio-economic activities. 1.2 Major Functions 1.2.1 Manage all matters relating to local government and local government institutions; 1.2.2 Construct, maintain and manage Upazilla, union and village roads including the roads and bridges/culverts of towns and municipal areas; 1.2.3 Develop, maintain and manage growth centres and hats-bazaars connected via Upazilla, union and village roads; 1.2.4 Manage matters relating to safe drinking water; 1.2.5 Develop water supply, sanitation and sewerage facilities in climate risk vulnerable rural and urban areas; 1.2.6 Finance, evaluate and monitor local government institutions and offices/organizations under Local Government Division; 1.2.7 Develop, maintain and manage small-scale water resource infrastructures within the timeline determined by the government. 1.2.8 Enactment of Law, promulgation of rules and policies related to local government.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Friendly Local Governance
    CHILD FRIENDLY LOCAL GOVERNANCE Background: Geographical Coverage: Satkhira District (19 Union Parishad, 1 Municipality Save the Children in Bangladesh works on Child and 2 Upazilla Parishad) Rights Governance (CRG) as one of seven Dhaka district (ward no- 2, 3, 5 and 7 of Dhaka thematic areas. Contrary to most child focused North City Corporation) interventions, CRG does not take a “single issue Tangail District (12 Union Parishad’s) approach” but focuses on the governance Mymensingh District ( 1 UZP and 3 union Parishad) framework that is necessary for a country to Gazipur District ( 1 UZP and 1 Union Parishad) deliver all rights for all children. The local Meherpur District: 18 Union Parishad. 2 Municipality governance framework is very important because and 3 Upazilla this level of government is most closely in contact with children. Strengthening this framework has Implementing Partners: the potential to benefit all children in Bangladesh Breaking the Silence (BTS), but will particularly benefit the most Social and Economic Enhancement Programme (SEEP), disadvantaged through better planning and increased investment targeting to those groups. Strategic Partners: While a number of organisations have provided Democracywatch, EDUCO, Horizontal Learning support to strengthen the capacity of local Program (HLP) government, no agency has systematically addressed the relationship between local Donor: government and children. SIDA and DANIDA At the local level, inefficiency and ineffectiveness affect delivery and access to essential health, education, sanitation and social services. This severely hampers the development opportunities of Project Objective: children of all age groups. The most disadvantaged The overall objective of Child Friendly Local children, particularly girls, do not get access to services including social protection programs, Governance (CFLG) is to ensure better services and school stipends and other interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Resource Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural
    BGD/81/035 Technical Report 3 Volume II LAND RESOURCES APPRAISAL OF BANGLADESH FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 3 LAND RESOURCES DATA BASE VOLUME II SOIL, LANDFORM AND HYDROLOGICAL DATA BASE A /UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FAo FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION vJ OF THE UNITED NATIONS BGD/81/035 Technical Report 3 Volume II LAND RESOURCES APPRAISAL OF BANGLADESH FOR AGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENT REPORT 3 LAND RESOURCES DATA BASE VOLUME II SOIL, LANDFORM AND HYDROLOGICAL DATA BASE Report prepared for the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations acting as executing agency for the United Nations Development Programme based on the work of H. Brammer Agricultural Development Adviser J. Antoine Data Base Management Expert and A.H. Kassam and H.T. van Velthuizen Land Resources and Agricultural Consultants UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1988 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyingor otherwise, without the prior perrnission of (he copyright owner. Applications for such permission,with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressedto the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viadelle Terme di Caracarla, 00100 Home, Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Existing Production and Marketing System of Fodder Under Meherpur
    Existing production and marketing system of fodder under Meherpur district as livelihood activity B. K. Roy*, N. R. Sarker, M. K. Alam & K. S. Huque Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract An investigation was carried out with the objectives to determine the existing production and marketing system of fodder as a livelihood activity of farmers under Meherpur district. For this, a purposive survey was conducted covering three Upazilas’ of Meherpur district namely, Meherpur Sadar, Gangni and Mujibnagar. Before conducting the survey, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was arranged and it was identified that there were three stakeholders involved under these areas: fodder producers, middlemen and users of fodder. On the basis of the findings of FGD, a survey was conducted through a pre-tested structured questionnaire as per objectives of the survey. Data were collected randomly from 33 Napier producers, 18 middlemen and 64 fodder users. Survey results indicated that, the average number of cattle and goat per household was 2.12 and 3.19, respectively, while on the other hand none of the farmers under the study areas reared sheep. Sharing of major household income implied that, majority of the fodder producers (72.72%) depended on their livelihood on Napier production and about 83.33% middlemen depends their livelihood on fodder marketing. However, the major sources of income of dairy keepers were business (39.06%), fodder production (20.31%) and agriculture (12.50%). The annual total biomass production of Napier per hectare was 314.48 metric tons. About 45% producers sold green Napier grass in the market, 30% supply directly to middlemen and the rest of 25% farmers marketed their produces directly in market and to middlemen.
    [Show full text]
  • AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK and FISHERIES
    Research in ISSN : P-2409-0603, E-2409-9325 AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK and FISHERIES An Open Access Peer-Reviewed International Journal Article Code:0324/2021/RALF Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Article Type: Research Article Vol. 8, No. 1, April 2021: 51-56. PROFITABILITY COMPARISON BETWEEN BORO RICE AND MAIZE PRODUCTION IN DINAJPUR DISTRICT Rozina Yeasmin1*, Mohammad Saidur Rahman2 and Mohammad Ismail Hossain3 1Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh; 2Department of Agricultural Economics, and 3Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author: Rozina Yeasmin; Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 13 March, 2021 The study focuses on comparing technical efficiency and profitability between Boro rice farmers and maize farmers in Dinajpur district consisting of 150 randomly collected samples Revised which are analyzed with statistical software STATA 12.0 version. Stochastic Frontier Analysis 25 April, 2021 (SFA) is used to accomplish the first objective where it is found that the maize farmers are Accepted efficient compared to boro-rice farmers. The deviation of the mean technical efficiency is 28 April, 2021 estimated at 0.09. In addition maize farmers are also more profitable than boro-rice farmers Online estimated with a benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of1.08 is for boro-rice and 1.26 is for maize May, 2021 production. The net profit for boro-rice is estimated as 10,527.60 Tk./ha whereas 28,966.40 ---------------------------- Key words: Tk./ha for maize producers. However mean technical efficiency of boro-rice (0.44) and maize Technical efficiency (0.53) cultivation clearly indicates that better utilization of resources will raise the efficiency Profitability and profitability for both crops production.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh E-Tender Notice
    Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Office of the Project Director Construction of District Relief Godown Cum Disaster Management Information Centers Department of Disaster Management 92-93, Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212 www.ddm.gov.bd e-Tender Notice Invitation No: 51.01.0000.025.14.094.19-110 Date: 10.04.2019 e-Tender is invited in the national e-GP system Portal (http://www.eprocure.gov.bd) for the Procurement of below mentioned Package which is available in tender notice under e-GP system portal. This is an online tender where only e-Tender will be accepted in the National e-GP Portal and no offline/hard copies will be accepted. To submit e-Tender Registration in the National portal (http://www.eprocure.gov.bd) is required. The fees for downloading the e-Tender Document from the National e-GP system Portal have to be deposited online through any registered Banks branches of serial number 01-61 up to 08.05.2019 till 16:00. Detailed Description of works Package No, Tender ID & Dropping Schedule are as follows: Sl. Tender Closing& Opening Package No Name of Work No ID Date Time Construction of Dhaka District Relief Godown Cum Disaster 01 DDM/DRG/001/Dhaka-01 300146 09-May-2019 13:00 Management Information Center-1 Construction of Dhaka District Relief Godown Cum Disaster 02 DDM/DRG/002/Dhaka-02 300234 09-May-2019 13:00 Management Information Center-2 Construction of Kisorganj District Relief Godown Cum Disaster 03 DDM/DRG/004/Kishorganj 304489 09-May-2019 13:00 Management Information Center Construction of Tangail District
    [Show full text]
  • District of Bangladesh in 2014
    Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (3), 434-441; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26449 Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online) www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr Article Investigation of peste des petits ruminants outbreaks in goat farms of Chuadanga District of Bangladesh in 2014 SK Shaheenur Islam1*, Sangeeta Rao2, AHM Taslima Akhter3, Md. Mehedi Hossain4, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam5, SM Sariful Islam6 and Arun Kumar Singha7 1,4Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh 2Colorado State University, USA 3FAO Field Office in Barisal, Bangladesh 5SAARC Regional Leading Diagnostic Laboratory for PPR, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh 6Upazila Livestock Office, Chudanga Sadar, Chuadanga, Bangladesh 7Wave Foundation, Damurhuda, Chuadanga, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: SK Shaheenur Islam, Upazila Livestock Officer, Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh. Tel.: +88 02 9114528, Mobile: +88 01712 182 407, +88 01816 551 403; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 20 October 2015/Accepted: 30 November 2015/ Published: 30 December 2015 Abstract: A case-control study was conducted in Chuadanga district of Bangladesh to investigate risk factors for Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) that occurred during November-December 2014 in goat farms. A total of 37 farms were reported to be PPR cases based on active and passive surveillance from 4 villages of Chuadanga Sadar and Damurhuda sub-districts. Fifty-five ‘control-farms’ were selected from the same 4 villages. Farmers of both case and control farms were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire for data collection on potential risk factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Shishuder Jonno Sponsorship Funded INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (ICDP)
    Shishuder Jonno Sponsorship Funded INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (ICDP) Background: Project Objectives: ‘Shishuder Jonno’ (For the children) Program is a Goal: Children will learn and develop to their full potential. sponsorship initiative of Save the Children in Bangladesh to support development of children particularly who are Strategic Objective 1: Caregiving knowledge and practices deprived from basic needs and services like health, for children 0-8 years education and living opportunities. Under this program, Strategic Objective 2: Improved learning outcomes for all comprehensive activities as appropriate to children below children through quality basic education 19 years are in implementation through following Strategic Objective 3: Improved learning and development life-cycle approach. Country Office has been outcomes for all boys and girls, which includes health and implementing diversified program core components, such nutrition related knowledge, attitudes, practices and behaviors. as Maternal, Newborn, Child Health & Nutrition Strategic Objective 4: Increased use of key maternal, (MNCHN), Early Childhood Care & Development newborn, child health and nutrition (MNCHN) practices and (ECCD) including Early Childhood Care and Stimulation services (ECCS), Basic Education (BE), School Health & Nutrition (SHN) & Adolescent Development (AD). The non-core Strategic Objective 5: Adolescents contribute positively to components are – Child Protection (CP) and Child Rights well-being and betterment of society. & Governance (CRG). The cross-cutting components are – Community Mobilization, and Gender. This Integrated Child Development Program has been Geographical Coverage: Meherpur District and Dhaka engaging children, their families and community actors in North City Corporation (Rayerbazar slum area) order to address the needs of the children and to create Implementing Partners: Palashipara Samaj Kallayan enabling development environment for them.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter-01 Background of the Project
    CHAPTER-01 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT CHAPTER-02 STUDY AREA PROFILE CHAPTER-03 MOBILIZATION AND RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY CHAPTER-04 WORK PROGRAMME AND MANNING SCHEDULE CHAPTER-05 WORK PROGRESS AND CONCLUSION Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND PUBLIC WORKS Urban Development Directorate (UDD) 82, Segunbagicha, Dhaka-1000. MOBILIZATION REPORT For Preparation of Development Plan forPackage‐3; Bagmara Upazila (363.3 sq km), District‐Rajshahi; Faridpur Sadar Upazila (407.02 sq km), District‐Faridpur & Gangni Upazila (341.98 sq km), District‐ Meherpur; Total area of 1122.3 sq. km Submitted by Engineering Consultants and Associates Ltd 154, Monipuripara, Farmgate, Tejgaon, Dhaka-1215 Phone: 8116214 9111277 9110176 Fax: 88 02 8119761 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] June 2015 Preparation of Development Plan for Fourteen Upazilas June, 2015 Package-3:- Bagmara Upazila, Dist: Rajshahi; Faridpur Sadar Upazila, Mobilization Report Dist: Faridpur and Gangni Upazila, Dist: Meherpur. Illustration Preparation of Development Plan for Fourteen Upazilas Package-3; Bagmara Upazila, District-Rajshahi, Faridpur Sadar Upazila, District: Faridpur & Gangni Upazila District- Meherpur. Mobilization Report Main Report June, 2015 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS & ASSOCIATES LTD. 154, Monipuripara, Farmgate, Tejgaon, Dhaka-1215. Phone: 8116214, 9110176, 9111277 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Engineering Consultants and Associates Ltd. Page | i Urban Development Directorate Preparation of Development Plan for Fourteen Upazilas June, 2015 Package-3:- Bagmara Upazila, Dist: Rajshahi; Faridpur Sadar Upazila, Mobilization Report Dist: Faridpur and Gangni Upazila, Dist: Meherpur. Illustration Executive Summary Bangladesh is a small south Asian country having high population density of 1019 persons per km2 (UN Data, 2011) and rapid population growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Relationship Among Indigenous Sheep Population of Bangladesh
    Deb et al. (2019) Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1):17-22 Genetic relationship among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh Deb GK1*, MP Choudhury1,MA Kabir1, MYA Khan1, M Ershaduzzaman1, TN Nahar1, SMJ Hossain1, MS Alam1 and MA Alim2 1Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka; 2National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka Abstract The study was conducted to investigate the genetic relationships among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh (Barind, Jamuna river basin, Coastal and Garole sheep) using microsatellite markers. A total of 96 blood samples were collected from adult sheep of Barind (24), Jamuna River Basin (24), Coastal (24), Garole(10) and available Chotanagpuri (10) sheep. Chotanagpuri sheep was used as an outgroup population. DNA was extracted from blood samples using QIAGEN DNA Mini extraction kit and was quantified using a nanodrop. FAO recommended 13 labeled microsatellite markers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR product was confirmed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide.The exact allele sizes in each primer were determined by GeneMaker V1.85 demo. Microsatellite tool kit and Dispan software package were used for calculation of allele frequency, number of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity and genetic distances (DA). The Dispan software was used to calculate inter-individual genetic distances. These distance values were used to construct an UPGMA tree. Results showed that average number of polymorphic alleles per locus varied from4 in HUJ616 to 12 in MAF70. Observed heterozygosity was also varied from 0.54±0.04 in Coastal to 0.63±0.03 in Barind sheep population.
    [Show full text]