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El Periodo Jurásico En Las Atalayas De Yecla (Murcia) a Través Del Estudio De Su Material Fósil

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El Periodo Jurásico En Las Atalayas De Yecla (Murcia) a Través Del Estudio De Su Material Fósil EL PERIODO JURÁSICO EN LAS ATALAYAS DE YECLA (MURCIA) A TRAVÉS DEL ESTUDIO DE SU MATERIAL FÓSIL Daniel Andrés Díaz 1 El presente trabajo, ante todo, es el yos resultados aportaremos en un futuro. Como ejemplo de ello véanse las citas aparecidas en ORTUÑO PA- fruto de una larga serie de prospecciones LAO, MIGUEL y ORTIN MAR­ que hemos ido realizando durante estos L- Localización del Yacimiento. CO, CARMEN Diccionario del habla de Yecla. Yecla, 1999, p. últimos años en el paraje de Las Atalayas 195. y también RU1Z MOLINA, de Yecla; por ello, nuestro objetivo, es el LIBORIO Yakka N° 10. (Estudio El Paraje de las Atalayas debe su nom­ monográfico sobre el Cerro del Cas­ de exponer, a través del siguiente artícu­ bre al topónimo árabe (Talayi, Attalaya, tillo de Yecla), Yecla, 2001, p. 41. lo, los diversos resultados obtenidos so­ Tali'a...) citado ya por distintos autores bre el Periodo Jurásico, cuyas unidades en diversas publicaciones1. Geográfica­ sedimentarias son las que conforman en mente ésta formación montañosa se loca­ su mayor parte la evolución geológica de liza al NW del actual núcleo urbano de dicho paraje, y que, se completaría con Yecla entre las siguientes coordenadas diversas unidades tecto-sedimentarias UTM X: 653'4 Y: 4281 '4, tomando como pertenecientes al Periodo Cretácico, cu­ punto central del yacimiento su cota máxi­ ma que es de unos 872 m. El área del paraje de Las Atalayas constaría, en éste caso, con unas 1072'5 hec­ táreas aproximadamente, teniendo en cuenta y en­ cuadrando en dicho paraje las extensiones máximas de los diversos yacimien­ tos fosilíferos localizados hasta el momento y que pertenecen a la misma se­ cuencia tectosedimenta- ria. Vista general de! Paraje de Las Atalayas. 7 2 Sobre los límites de separación dirección NE-SW, así en estas zonas se entre el Dominio Ibérico-Prebético Externo, no existe una uniformidad hallan unas alineaciones estructurales con fija de criterios entre los diversos dirección NNW-SSE5, y que están produ­ autores, así, podemos hallarnos con distintas teorías sobre la estructura­ cidas por los movimientos horizontales ción de los respectivos Dominios del propio basamento sobre el que se tectónicos, véanse los trabajos de JEREZ MIR, L. (1981), MARTÍN- halla dicha formación. Al caso, decir que, CHIVELET, J. (1993) y RODRÍ­ desde un punto de vista litoestratigráfico, GUEZ ESTRELLA, T. (1980), ci­ tados en nuestra bibliografía. esto no incide en la composición inme­ 3 Véase la memoria correspondien­ diata de las series del Prebético Externo y te al Mapa Geológico de España E. 1:50000 Hoja de Montealegre del del Dominio Ibérico, como es en el caso Castillo (818/26-32) IGME 1984, de Las Atalayas, ya que son similares y no p. 9 y también JEREZ MIR, L. Geología de la Zona Prebética en el se llegan a apreciar grandes diferencias transversal de Elche de la Sierra y estructurales como pueden presentarse sectores adyacentes (Prov. de Alba­ cete y Murcia). Tesis Doctoral Univ. con las series aparecidas en las zonas más de Granada. 2 tomos. Granada 1973, orientales del término yeclano, propias 750 pp. ya del Prebético Interno Septentrional. 4 Para éste caso véase el estudio Geológico aparecido en VV.AA. Localización geográfica del yacimiento. Enciclopedia Divulgativa de la His­ toria Natural de Jumilla- Yecla. Vol. 3.- Estratigrafía del Periodo Jurásico 1 El Medio Ambiente. Jumilla, 2000. en las Atalayas. p. 18. 5 Véase un estudio más concreto 2.- Encuadre geológico. sobre el tema en PUCHE MUÑOZ, Desde el punto de vista estratigráfico, ANDRÉS "Síntesis geológica del término de Yecla." Yakka n.° 1. Las Atalayas, desde un punto de vista en el paraje de Las Atalayas, podríamos Yecla, 1989, pp. 91-105. estructural se sitúa en las zonas más establecer una clara secuencia geológica externas de las Cordilleras Béticas, en el discontinua que se encuadraría (sin in­ llamado Prebético Externo, hallándose cluir los depósitos Cuaternarios que son en contacto inmediato con las unidades los que mayoritariamente hallamos en el sedimentarias del conocido Dominio Ibé­ término), entre el Dogger, época pertene­ rico2, lo que JEREZ MIR, L. denomina el ciente al Jurásico Medio y el piso Ceno- Dominio "Beti-Ibérico"3, conocido tam­ maniense perteneciente al Cretácico Su­ bién como Dominio de Albacete4. Éste perior. Así, podemos separar la citada tipo de formaciones, como es el caso de secuencia sedimentaria en dos grandes Las Atalayas y de zonas próximas como periodos cronológicos, por un lado, en el las situadas al Norte del Monte Arabí Periodo Jurásico (objeto de nuestro pre­ (paraje de los Campillo-Rambla del Ara­ sente estudio), caracterizado por la pre­ bí), se caracterizan tectónicamente por sencia de dos conjuntos lítico-estratigrá- alineaciones geológicas (fallas y/o plie­ ficos, uno se halla formado principal­ gues) perpendiculares a las propias de las mente por Dolomías (unidades del Jurá­ Cordilleras Béticas que presentan una sico Medio), y otro aparece formado por 8 un conjunto calizo-margoso perteneciente la figura. 6 Un Hard-Ground o Fondo Duro es una capa estratigráfica bien definida en este caso a las unidades del Jurásico Siguiendo las referencias aparecidas que se produce tras la consolidación Superior y que están separados respecti­ en el gráfico anterior, los estratos perte­ de un fondo marino cuando éste ha sufrido un cese en su sedimenta­ vamente por el denominado "Hard- necientes al Periodo Jurásico se descri­ ción, éste estrato se identifica por Ground"6 como veremos a continuación. ben de la siguiente manera:8 aparecer en él huellas o marcas de gusanos u otros animales perforado­ Respecto al Periodo Cretácico, pode­ res. Véase E. RICHTER, AN­ mos decir, que la mayor parte de las 9 DREAS. Manual del coleccionista Estr. 1.- Dolomías Masivas. de fósiles. Barcelona, 1989. pág. unidades estratigráficas aparecidas, per­ El estrato base o muro, litológicamen- 21. tenecen a las series del Cretácico Infe­ te hablando, corresponde a un conjunto 7 Para la realización de la secuencia estratigráfica nos hemos basado en rior, unidades pertenecientes a los pisos dolomítico de origen secundario, forma­ el esquema de E. RICHTER. Ma­ Barremiense (Facies Weald), Aptiense do por dolomías romboédricas que en nual del... pp. 22-23. 8 Para la descripción de los estratos (Bedouliense-Gargasiense) y Albiense ocasiones, pueden aparecer, con peque­ que encontramos en la respectiva (Facies Utrillas), formando depósitos ñas intercalaciones de calizas oolíticas, secuencia geológica de las Atalayas nos hemos servido de los datos apa­ compuestos por materiales calizos y are- en el yacimiento se presentan bajo un recidos en la Memoria del Mapa nosos-arcillosos, tanto en cuanto, hacia color gris-rojizo de aspecto masivo. El Geológico de España E. 1: 50000, Hoja de Montealegre del Castillo techo de la secuencia, se desarrolla con espesor de toda esta unidad ronda los 200 818/26-32. IGME, 1984, pp. 16-19 importancia la unidad Cenomaniense, metros y hacia techo se puede divisar la y la Memoria del Mapa Geológico de España E. 1: 50000, Hoja de caracterizada por estar formada por un primera discontinuidad de la secuencia Ontur 844/26-33 . IGME, 1984, pp. gran conjunto dolomítico como se ve en geológica de las Atalayas, que se trata, 15-16. 9 Mapa Geolog... Montealegre, epí­ como bien hemos dicho anteriormente, grafe 2.1.2.3, pág. 16. del Hard-Ground (visible también a nivel 10 JEREZ MIR, L. Geología de la Zona Prebética... Granada, 1973. regional), que con probabilidad está pro­ 11 Mapa Geolog... Montealegre, epí­ ducido, por la acción de los diversos grafe 2.1.2.4, p. 17. organismos vivos presentes en la unidad superior y que tuvieron como sustrato marino esta intercalación entre ambos estratos geológicos. La edad del conjunto se data en el Dogger, en base a los materiales paleon­ tológicos estudiados en su momento por JEREZ MIR10. Estr. 2.- Calizas Nodulosas con Ammo- nites.11 Litológicamente el segundo estrato que encontramos en dicha secuencia geo­ lógica, se compone por un conjunto de calizas de aspecto noduloso, de color Columna estratigráfica de las Atalayas.7 9 12 FOURCADE, E. Le Jurassique rosado, llamadas Biomicritas, ya que El medio de sedimentación de esta et le Cretace aux confines des cheli­ nes Bétiques et Ibériques (Sud-Est contienen gran número de fauna fósil unidad corresponde a ambientes de plata­ de l'Espagne). Tesis universidad dentro de éstas, sobre todo de ammoni- forma interna o submareal regresivo, el de París, 2 Vols. París 1970,472 pp. y BEHEMEL, H. "Beitrage zur tes, como veremos más adelante. Este estudio de la secuencia permite deducir stratigraphie und palaontologie des estrato presenta frecuentes intercalacio­ que el presente conjunto se formó en un Juras von ustpanien." V. Stratigra­ phie und falies im Prabestischen Jura nes sedimentarias de calizas oolíticas y periodo de regresión del nivel del mar, tal von Albacete und Nord-Murcia. N. Jb. Geol. Pal. ABH, 137, 1, 1970, restos arcillosos, y un espesor que varía y como indicará la laguna existente hacia pp. 1-102. entre los 20-25 m. techo en la siguiente unidad sedimentaria. 13 Mapa Geolog... Montealegre, epí­ La edad del conjunto se fecha en el La edad dada para el conjunto se fecha grafe 2.1.2.5, p. 17. 14 Mapa Geolog... Ontur, epígrafe Oxfordiense Superior debido al conteni­ sobre el Kimmeridgiense Inferior-Me­ 2.3.1.6, p. 15 y Mapa Geolog... Mon­ do faunístico estudiado en el año de 1970 dio. tealegre, epígrafe 2.1.2.6, pp. 17- 12 18. por FOURCADE y BEHMEL. 15 Mapa Geolog... Ontur, epígrafe Estr. 5.- Calizas Oolíticas y Pisolíticas.15 2.3.1.7, p. 15 y Mapa Geolog... Mon­ tealegre, epígrafe 2.1.2.7, p. 18. Estr. 3.- Margas con Ammonites Pirito­ Unidad formada por un conjunto ma­ sos.13 sivo de calizas oolíticas y pisolíticas que Se trata de un conjunto compuesto por presenta una estratificación masiva for­ margas de color amarillo-verdoso, con mada por bancos de color blanco-grisá­ intercalaciones de margo-calizas que ceos, con un espesor que en Las Atalayas constan al igual que en el estrato anterior ronda los 20-25 m., esta unidad corres­ de abundante fauna fósil.
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