Sensibilisation Aux Drogues Chimiothérapeutiques Des Tumeurs P53 Négatives Par Activation De La Phosphatase Wip1 Victor Clausse

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Sensibilisation Aux Drogues Chimiothérapeutiques Des Tumeurs P53 Négatives Par Activation De La Phosphatase Wip1 Victor Clausse Sensibilisation aux drogues chimiothérapeutiques des tumeurs P53 négatives par activation de la phosphatase Wip1 Victor Clausse To cite this version: Victor Clausse. Sensibilisation aux drogues chimiothérapeutiques des tumeurs P53 négatives par activation de la phosphatase Wip1. Sciences agricoles. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017UBFCI002. tel-02094528 HAL Id: tel-02094528 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02094528 Submitted on 9 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTE UFR Sciences de la Vie, Terre et Environnement Ecole doctorale Environnements - Santé THÈSE Présentée pour l’obtention du titre de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTE Discipline : Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire SENSIBILISATION AUX DROGUES CHIMIOTHERAPEUTIQUES DES TUMEURS P53-NEGATIVES PAR ACTIVATION DE LA PHOSPHATASE WIP1 Présentée et soutenue par Victor CLAUSSE Le 22 Mars 2017 Membres du jury : Pr Marc Bardou .......................................................................... Directeur de thèse Pr Filippo Rosselli ................................................................................. Rapporteur Dr Rémy Pedeux ................................................................................... Rapporteur Dr Carmen Garrido .............................................................................. Examinateur Tout est poiso et ie est sas poiso : la dose seule fait uu poduit est pas un poison. Paracelse, Septem Defensiones, 1537 2 Remerciements Je tiens tout d’aord à ieet reercier les eres du jur ui ’ot fait l’hoeur de juger ce travail malgré leurs obligations professionnelles. Je remercie le Professeur Filippo Rosselli et le Docteur Ré Pedeu pour aoir accept d’tre rapporteurs de o travail. Je reercie galeet tous les eres du jur pour aoir accept d’tre eaiateurs de ce travail. Je reercie le Miistre de l’Eseigeet Suprieur et de la ‘echerche, la Fodatio A‘C pour la Recherche sur le Cancer et La Ligue Contre le Cancer pour avoir financé mes travaux. Je reercie le Docteur Care Garrido pour ’aoir accueilli au sei de so uipe au cours de ces 3 ans et demi. Merci pour votre bonne humeur et votre disponibilité à chaque fois que cela s’est ar cessaire. Je remercie le Professeur Marc Bardou et le Docteur Oleg Demidov pour leur encadrement tout au log de cette thse. Merci pour otre aide et os coseils, pour ’aoir peris de profiter de otre grade epriece, et ’aoir aid à rsoudre les proles ue j’ai recotrs durat l’accoplisseet de ces traau. Merci Oleg pour ces dlicieu chocolats russes ! Merci à toute l’uipe Garrido pour leur oe hueur, et leur getillesse lorsu’u ractif manquant se retrouve finalement disponible ! Merci beaucoup Burhan pour ton aide inestimable quand le temps me manquait, pour ton rire et tes blagues. Merci Christophe pour les tampons de western ! Merci beaucoup Sébastien pour tes connaissances et ton aide en microscopie. Merci Guillaume pour les réserves de nourriture dans le tiroir de ton bureau ! Merci Arlette pour to aide e ctotrie e flu, pour tes coaissaces e œologie et les discussios passioates ui ’aurot fait dcourir la rgio Bourgoge et ses os is. Merci aussi pour t’tre autat ivestie lors des repas de Noël. Merci Laetitia pour aoir gard o chat lorsue j’aais esoi de ’arer l’esprit et de uitter Dijon. Merci Jennifer pour ta constante bonne humeur et les fous rires que tu auras déclenché en inventant des expressions au quotidien. Merci Etienne pour ta bonne cuisine, Marion pour 3 ta oe hueur, et erci Aleia et Pierre pour ’aoir aid à refaire le ode u certai jeudi soir de Noere deat le Beer Coutr Clu… Et enfin, je tiens à remercier ma famille pour son soutien, déjà lors de ma décision de quitter la vie active, de reprendre des études et de démarrer une thèse. Merci à mes parents de ’aoir souteu durat ces aes de thse. Merci Cécile pour ce repas place Emile Zola où j’ai pu recotrer Lauret. Merci Annabelle et Yoann pour les invitations à Crissey et pour les oes soires ue j’ ai passes. Je pense aussi particulièrement à toi Aurélien, merci pour toutes ces discussios et pour ’aoir peris de peser à autre chose aec Cril et Brice tout au long de ces 5 ans passés à Dijon, pendant mon master puis ma thèse. Merci aussi Jeanne, grâce à toi j’ai pu traailler la ulgarisatio de o projet de recherche pedat as ! 4 Résumé P53 est mutée dans plus de la moitié des cancers humains et son inactivation est souvent associée à une résistance à la thérapie anti-cancer. Notre équipe a montré précédemment que dans le cas de tumeurs où P53 est inactive, la surexpression de la phosphatase WIP1 perettait la restauratio de l’efficacit de la chiiothrapie, et une protection des tissus sais face au effets secodaires du traiteet. Afi d’aliorer cette stratgie ioate, mes travaux de recherche se sont portés sur deux objectifs principaux : trouver une protéine qui peut interagir avec la voie de signalisation de WIP1 et potentialiser son action dans cette stratégie thérapeutique, et réaliser un criblage à haut débit afin de trouver des molécules chimiques pouvant activer WIP1. Nous avons ralis u crilage d’iterfrece à A‘N de l’itgralit du kioe huai afi d’idetifier plusieurs kiases, dot l’ihiitio potetialise l’actio ati-tumorale de WIP1. Cela a aisi is e idece l’actio de WEE1 et HIPK2, dont des inhibiteurs existent, sur la voie de signalisation de WIP1. Inhiber WEE1 avec une faible dose de MK-1775, un inhibiteur spécifique de cette kinase, a permis de réduire la concentration efficace de cisplatine, en entraînant une apoptose caspase-3-dépendante. De plus, combiner le MK-1775 avec la surexpression de WIP ’a pas d’ipact sur l’effet protecteur de cette phosphatase envers les tissus sains. Nous avons ensuite cherché à identifier un composé chimique permettant la surexpression de WIP1 en absence de P53. Grâce à un outil mis au point avec la technologie TALEN, nous avons intégré sous le contrôle du promoteur de WIP1 le gène rapporteur de la luciférase et ainsi effectué un criblage à haut dit d’ue aue de olcules chiiues djà toutes approuvées par la FDA. Nous avons ainsi montré que le Vorinostat, un inhibiteur des histone-déacétylases, permettait une augmentation de la transcription de WIP d’u facteur , ce ui a t cofir par ‘T-qPCR et au niveau protéique par western blot dans des cellules de cancer du sein mutées pour P53. Ce travail de thèse a permis de mettre en évidence un moyen de potentialiser la stratégie de traitement des tumeurs P53-négatives basée sur la phosphatase WIP1. Le développement d’ihiiteurs de WEE et d’HIPK2 et d’u actiateur de la phosphatase WIP1 comme le Vorinostat utilisés en combiaiso aec la chiiothrapie perettrait d’augeter l’efficacité du traitement des tumeurs P53-négatives. 5 Abstract P53 is mutated in more than half of human cancers and when inactivated is often associated with a resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Our team has previously shown that in the case of P53-negative tumors, overexpression of WIP1 phosphatase sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapy, while protecting normal tissues from the side effects of the treatment. To improve this innovative strategy, my research work has been focused on two main objectives. Firstly, to find a protein which can interact with WIP1 pathway and potentiate its action in this therapeutic strategy. Secondly, to develop a high throughput screening in order to find a molecule which can activate WIP1. We realized a siRNA screening of the whole human kinome to identify several kinases, whose inhibition could potentiate anti-tumoral action of WIP1. We have shown that WEE1 and HIPK2, which both have available inhibitors, have an action on WIP1 pathway. Inhibiting WEE1 with a low dose of MK-1775, a specific inhibitor of this kinase, allowed us to decrease effective cisplatin concentration, inducing a caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, the combination of MK-1775 with WIP1 overexpression does not impair the protective effect that this phosphatase provides towards normal tissues. We then looked for a chemical compound which could induce WIP1 overexpression in the absence of P53. Thanks to a tool designed with TALEN technology, we inserted in P53-negative cells the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the WIP1 promoter, and performed a high throughput screening of a library of chemical compounds approved by FDA. We have shown that the Vorinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, induces a 10-fold increase in WIP1 transcription, which was confirmed by RT-qPCR and at the protein level by western blot in breast cancer cells with inactive P53. This work uncovered a way to potentiate the WIP1-based therapeutic strategy of P53-negative tumors. Developing WEE1 and HIPK2 inhibitors and WIP1 activators like Vorinostat to be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents is a promising way to increase the efficiency of the treatments of P53-negative tumors. 6 Table des matières Remerciements ....................................................................................................................... 3 Résumé ..................................................................................................................................
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