2017 Contributing Editors John Balfour and Mark Bisset
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GETTING THROUGH THE DEAL Air Transport Air Transport Contributing editors John Balfour and Mark Bisset 2017 2017 © Law Business Research 2016 Air Transport 2017 Contributing editors John Balfour and Mark Bisset Clyde & Co LLP Publisher Law The information provided in this publication is Gideon Roberton general and may not apply in a specific situation. [email protected] Business Legal advice should always be sought before taking Research any legal action based on the information provided. Subscriptions This information is not intended to create, nor does Sophie Pallier Published by receipt of it constitute, a lawyer–client relationship. [email protected] Law Business Research Ltd The publishers and authors accept no responsibility 87 Lancaster Road for any acts or omissions contained herein. The Senior business development managers London, W11 1QQ, UK information provided was verified between August Alan Lee Tel: +44 20 3708 4199 and September 2016. Be advised that this is a [email protected] Fax: +44 20 7229 6910 developing area. Adam Sargent © Law Business Research Ltd 2016 [email protected] No photocopying without a CLA licence. Printed and distributed by First published 2006 Encompass Print Solutions Dan White Eleventh edition Tel: 0844 2480 112 [email protected] ISSN 1751-9098 © Law Business Research 2016 CONTENTS Global overview 7 Greece 90 John Balfour Betty Smyrniou and Konstantina Linardou Clyde & Co LLP Bahas, Gramatidis & Partners Afghanistan 11 India 97 M Wisal Khan and Ghazi Khan Amir Singh Pasrich and Mohana Malhotra Legal Oracles I.L.A. Pasrich & Company Argentina 16 Italy 110 Elizabeth Mireya Freidenberg Laura Pierallini Freidenberg, Freidenberg & Lifsic Studio Pierallini Austria 22 Japan 117 Joachim J Janezic Shuji Yamaguchi Recht & Co – Janezic & Schmidt Rechtsanwälte OG Okabe & Yamaguchi Bahamas 26 Kenya 121 Arthur K Parris Haanee Khan and John Mwangi ParrisWhittaker Iseme Kamau and Maema Advocates (member of the DLA Piper Group) Belgium 29 Birgitta Van Itterbeek Malta 127 Monard Law Tonio Grech Dingli & Dingli Law Firm Brazil 34 Renata Iezzi Mexico 133 Basch & Rameh Advogados Associados Javier Alegre and Carlos Campillo Alegre, Calderón y Márquez Abogados Canada 39 Laura M Safran QC and Prasad Taksal Netherlands 140 DLA Piper (Canada) LLP Jeroen Timmermans, Laetitia Kunst-den Teuling and Ruben Elkerbout Stek Cayman Islands 46 Louise Groom and Ellie Crespi Harneys New Zealand 146 Frank Porter, Anita Birkinshaw and Rishalat Khan Buddle Findlay Costa Rica 50 Vivian Chacón and Roberto Murillo BLP Nigeria 153 Etigwe Uwa SAN, Chinasa Unaegbunam and Queenette Hogan Streamsowers & Köhn Denmark 55 Henrik Kleis and Rune Hamborg Delacour Law Firm Panama 159 Juan José Espino Sagel Pardini & Asociados Dominican Republic 61 Rodolfo Mesa Chavez Mesa & Mesa Abogados Poland 163 Krystyna Marut, Edyta Michalak and Anna Burchacińska-Mańko MMMLegal Legal Counsels European Union 65 Geert Goeteyn Shearman & Sterling LLP Portugal 169 João Marques de Almeida and João Pedro Alves Pereira APTS – Alves Pereira & Teixeira de Sousa RL France 78 Vonnick Le Guillou, Marie Bresson, Jonathan Rubinstein, Guilhem Argueyrolles and Fayrouze Masmi- Dazi Russia 175 DLA Piper France Mikhail Sokolov, Anna Arkhipova and Sergey Seliverstov Sokolov, Maslov and Partners Germany 84 P Nikolai Ehlers Singapore 181 Ehlers, Ehlers & Partner Lok Vi Ming SC and Germaine Tan Dentons Rodyk & Davidson LLP 2 Getting the Deal Through – Air Transport 2017 © Law Business Research 2016 CONTENTS Sweden 187 United Arab Emirates 208 Stephan Eriksson and Martin Thysell Donald H Bunker, Ian Veall, Christine Veall and Henock Girma Advokatfirman Eriksson & Partners AB Donald H Bunker and Associates Switzerland 192 United Kingdom 211 Andreas Fankhauser John Balfour Baumgartner Mächler Clyde & Co LLP Turkey 198 United States 217 M Ali Kartal Bartholomew J Banino and Nicole M Smith ErsoyBilgehan Lawyers and Consultants Condon & Forsyth LLP Ukraine 202 Uruguay 223 Anna Tsirat Gonzalo Yelpo Jurvneshservice International Legal Services Yelpo & Facal Abogados www.gettingthedealthrough.com 3 © Law Business Research 2016 NETHERLANDS Stek Netherlands Jeroen Timmermans, Laetitia Kunst-den Teuling and Ruben Elkerbout Stek General Regulation No. 1008/2008 (ie, for example, an air carrier not estab- lished in the European Economic Area (EEA), or an air carrier operating 1 Which bodies regulate aviation in your country, under what local flights), article 16 of the Aviation Act applies, stating that air basic laws? carriers, unless otherwise provided by an international agreement, are The main regulatory body for aviation in the Netherlands is the Human prohibited from operating aircraft in, to or from the Netherlands with- Environment and Transport Inspectorate, a division of the Ministry of out an operating licence granted by the Minister for Infrastructure and Infrastructure and the Environment. The Inspectorate is responsible the Environment. for the supervision of compliance with Dutch aviation legislation. Air traffic control in the Netherlands is carried out by Air Traffic Control 5 What requirements apply in the areas of financial fitness and the Netherlands. The principal national legislation regulating aviation nationality of ownership regarding control of air carriers? consists of the Aviation Act and the Act on Aviation, the latter replacing Under EC Regulation No. 1008/2008, applicable to air carriers estab- the Aviation Act in phases. lished in the EEA, the Minister for Infrastructure and the Environment may grant an operating licence to an air carrier whose principal place Regulation of aviation operations of business is located in the Netherlands, provided said air carrier 2 How is air transport regulated in terms of safety? meets the requirements set forth in EC Regulation No. 1008/2008. As to financial fitness, EC Regulation No. 1008/2008 provides that an air The Netherlands is a party to the Chicago Convention and must there- carrier applying for an operating licence for the first time must provide fore comply with ICAO standards. Furthermore, EU legislation (in evidence that it is able to satisfy the following: which, among others, ICAO regulation is implemented) applies. The • meet, at any time, its actual and potential obligations for a period European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) plays an important role in of 24 months from the start of operations; and the field of safety of European civil aviation, among others in advis- • cover its operational costs according to its business plan for a ing the European Commission on the drafting of EU legislation. The period of three months from the start of operations, without taking international legislation mentioned above has, where required, been into account any income from its operations. implemented in national aviation legislation. The Aviation Act and the Act on Aviation contain general provisions relating to the safety of air As to nationality of ownership, EC Regulation No. 1008/2008 provides transport and air traffic, which are specified in further regulation based that, in order for an operating licence to be granted to an air carrier, thereon, such as the following: EEA member states or nationals of EEA member states must own more • the Aircraft Decree 2008, the Aviation Licences Decree, the Air than 50 per cent of said air carrier, and effectively control it, whether Operation Decree, the Regulations on Air Operation and the directly or indirectly through one or more intermediate undertakings, Regulations on Aircraft Maintenance, containing provisions in except as provided for in an agreement with a third country to which respect of airworthiness, operators, operations and maintenance the EU is a party. of aircraft; and • the Air Traffic Decree 2014, containing provisions in respect of air 6 What procedures are there to obtain licences or other rights to traffic control. operate particular routes? 3 What safety regulation is provided for air operations that do In principle, an air carrier having been granted an operating licence not constitute public or commercial transport, and how is the in accordance with EC Regulation No. 1008/2008 is entitled to oper- distinction made? ate air services within the EEA. The operation of routes between an EEA member state and a non-EEA member state is regulated by bilat- In principle, non-commercial air operations fall under the same gen- eral agreements between the EU and said non-EEA member state. eral safety regulation as commercial air operations. However, Dutch Where the operation of a certain route between the Netherlands and law does make a distinction between commercial and non-commercial a non-EEA member state is not governed by a bilateral agreement air operations. The Air Operation Decree and certain provisions of between the EU and the relevant non-EEA member state, the air car- the Act on Aviation specifically relate to commercial air operations, rier must be designated by the Minister for Infrastructure and the whereas the Regulations on Air Operation, implementing Annex 6 to Environment pursuant to the applicable bilateral agreement between the Chicago Convention (to the extent relating to ‘general aviation’), the Netherlands and said non-EEA member state. contain provisions applicable to private air operations and corporate air operations. Aerial work, although not covered by Annex 6 to the 7 What procedures are there for hearing or deciding contested Chicago Convention,