DOCSLIB.ORG

Front Matter Template

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Front Matter Template Copyright by Jaime Mata-Míguez 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Jaime Mata-Miguez Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Assessing the Demographic and Genetic Impact of State Expansion in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico Committee: Deborah A. Bolnick, Supervisor Enrique Rodriguez-Alegria Anthony Di Fiore Brian M. Kemp Christopher C. Nice Assessing the Demographic and Genetic Impact of State Expansion in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico by Jaime Mata-Miguez, B.S.; B.S.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2016 Assessing the Demographic and Genetic Impact of State Expansion in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico Jaime Mata-Miguez, PhD The University of Texas at Austin, 2016 Supervisor: Deborah A. Bolnick Political expansions in Mexico may have had important demographic effects. However, these demographic effects remain unclear. In Xaltocan, a native town in central Mexico founded by Otomi-speaking people in AD 900, archaeological and historical evidence provide somewhat contradictory accounts of such effects. When Xaltocan expanded during the 10-13th centuries, two culturally distinct groups inhabited this town. Archaeologists hypothesize that one group comprised newcomers who settled on the periphery of Xaltocan and were unrelated to the Otomis in the interior, but this scenario remains unclear. In 1395, the Tepanec state conquered Xaltocan, and this town was incorporated into the Aztec state in 1428. Historical documents assert that the Otomis abandoned Xaltocan following the Tepanec conquest and the Aztec state repopulated this town in 1435. However, archaeological evidence of cultural continuity through this time suggests that some Otomis remained at Xaltocan after the Tepanec and Aztec conquests, so the demographic consequences of these events iv remain unsolved. After the Spanish conquest in 1521, the native residents adopted Spanish material culture, but historical documents point to infrequent contact with Spaniards. Archaeological and historical evidence also suggest that political reorganizations and trade stimulated immigration from other native populations. However, whether this immigration increased in colonial times or not is unclear. To clarify these demographic effects, I analyzed DNA from ancient and modern Xaltocan residents. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicates that the periphery residents during the 10-13th centuries were maternally unrelated to the Otomis, as archaeologists suggest. However, mtDNA, Y-chromosome, and autosomal DNA reveal genetic discontinuities associated with the Tepanec and Aztec conquests, revealing important demographic consequences unidentified in the archaeological record. Furthermore, in colonial times, mtDNA, Y-chromosome DNA, and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms indicate very little (or perhaps non-existent) admixture, which is consistent with infrequent contact with Spaniards during this period. Finally, temporal changes of mtDNA diversity in colonial times were largely due to immigration from other native populations, as archaeological and historical evidence suggests. Thus, this dissertation illustrates how anthropologists can integrate archaeological, historical, and genetic evidence to study the demographic effects of political expansions. v Table of Contents List of Tables ......................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ........................................................................................................ xi Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: The Genetic and Demographic Impact of Political Expansions in Pre- Hispanic Mexico: Evidence from Ancient DNA ............................................7 Introduction .....................................................................................................7 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................14 Samples ................................................................................................14 Dating and Temporal Classification of Samples .................................15 DNA Extraction and Genetic Analysis ................................................16 Statistical Analyses ..............................................................................17 Results and Discussion .................................................................................19 Ancient DNA Analysis ........................................................................19 Immigration and Population Expansion Before 1395 ..........................20 Kin Burials Within Pre-1395 Interior and Periphery Xaltocan ...........22 Genetic and Demographic Impacts of the Tepanec Conquest .............23 Population Changes at Xaltocan Following the Aztec Conquest ........27 Kin Burials Within Tepanec and Aztec Houses ..................................28 Modeling Demographic and Genetic Changes in Pre-Hispanic Xaltocan .....................................................................................................31 Supplementary Information ..........................................................................43 Samples ................................................................................................43 Genetic Analyses .................................................................................43 Mitochondrial DNA Analyses ....................................................43 Autosomal DNA Analyses and Molecular Sex Determination ..44 Y-Chromosome DNA Analyses .................................................45 Contamination Controls ..............................................................47 Statistical Analyses ..............................................................................49 vi Chapter 2: A Genetic Test of Historical and Archaeological Hypotheses on the Effects of Spanish Colonialism in Mexico ...................................................78 Abstract .........................................................................................................78 Introduction ...................................................................................................79 Spanish Colonialism in Mexico ...........................................................80 Migration from Europe and Africa: Patterns and Consequences 81 Political Reorganizations and Changing Patterns of Regional Trade ............................................................................................85 Previous Genetic Research .........................................................88 Methods.........................................................................................................90 Samples ................................................................................................90 DNA Extraction and Genotyping.........................................................92 Statistical Analyses ..............................................................................93 Results and Discussion .................................................................................98 Gene Flow from Europe and Africa.....................................................99 Gene Flow Between Xaltocan and Other Native Populations in Mexico100 Conclusion ..................................................................................................102 Chapter 3: A Genetic Test of Historically-Based and Archaeological Hypotheses on the Effects of Spanish Colonialism: Genome-Wide DNA Evidence from Xaltocan, Mexico ........................................................................................133 Abstract .......................................................................................................133 Introduction .................................................................................................134 Previous Genetic Research .........................................................................135 Methods.......................................................................................................138 Samples ..............................................................................................138 SNP Genotyping ................................................................................138 Comparative SNP Data ......................................................................138 Data Curation .....................................................................................139 Data Analysis .....................................................................................139 Results and Discussion ...............................................................................140 vii Conclusion ...........................................................................................................151 References ............................................................................................................162 Chapter 1 .....................................................................................................162 Supplementary Information ...............................................................166 Chapter 2 .....................................................................................................174
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Portraying the Here it is told and put forth how the ancient ones, those called and named Teochichimeca, people of Aztlan, Mexitin, Chicomoz- Aztec Past toca, as they sought and merited the land here, arrived and came into the great altepetl, the altepetl of Mexico Tenochtitlan, the place of renown, the sign, the site of the rock tuna cactus, in the midst of the waters; the place where the eagle rests, where the eagle screeches, where the eagle stretches, where the eagle eats; where the serpent hisses, where the fish fly, where the blue and yellow waters mingle—where the waters burn; where suffering came to be known among the sedges and reeds; the place of encountering and awaiting the various peoples of the four quarters; where the thirteen Teochichimeca arrived and settled, where in misery they settled when they arrived. Behold, here begins, here is to be seen, here lies written, the most excel- lent, most edifying account—the account of [Mexico’s] renown, pride, history, roots, basis, as what is known as the great altepetl began, as it commenced: the city of Mexico Tenochtitlan in the midst of the waters, among the sedges, among the reeds, also called and known as the place where sedges whisper, where reeds whisper. It was becoming the mother, the father, the head of all, of every altepetl everywhere in New Spain, as those who were the ancient ones, men and women, our grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers, great-great-grandparents, great- grandmothers, our forefathers, told and established in their accounts
    [Show full text]
  • Predial Y Agua Entidad Instancia De Gobierno Domicilio Teléfono Descuento*
    Directorio de Beneficios con credencial INAPAM PREDIAL Y AGUA ENTIDAD INSTANCIA DE GOBIERNO DOMICILIO TELÉFONO DESCUENTO* AGUASCALIENTES AGUASCALIENTES GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE AGUASCALIENTES COLON S/N COLONIA CENTRO C.P. 20000 449-9101010 50% BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE LORETO AV. SALVATIERRA Y MAGDALENA DE KINO COLONIA CENTRO 50% BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE LOS CABOS BOULEVARD MJARES #1413 COLONIA CENTRO 50% BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE MULEGE AV. CARRANZA Y CALLE PLAZA S/N COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE ARRIAGA NORTE S/N COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE BOCHIL AV. CENTRAL ORIENTE S/N COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE CHAPULTENANGO PALACIO MUNICIPAL S/N COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE CINTALAPA AV. PRIMERA NORTE ORIENTE #05 COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE ESCUINTLA IGNACIO ZARAGOZA 5 COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE HUIXTLA FRANCISCO I. MADERO PONIENTE #1 ESQ. AV. CENTRAL COLONIA CENTRO 50 Y 30% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE IXTAPANGAJOYA MIGUEL HIDALGO S/N COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE JUAREZ AV. JUAREZ S/N PALACIO MUNICIPAL COLONIA CENTRO C.P. 29510 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE MARQUES DE COMILLAS AV. MORELIA S/N COLONIA CENTRO C.P. 29957 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE PICHUCALCO PALACIO MUNICIPAL S/N COLONIA CENTRO C.P. 29520 50% ENTIDAD INSTANCIA DE GOBIERNO DOMICILIO TELÉFONO DESCUENTO* CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE PIJIJIAPAN PALACIO MUNICIPAL S/N COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE REFORMA ADOLFO LOPOEZ MATEOS S/N COLONIA CENTRO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE TECPATAN CARRETERA SALIDA A MALPASO #20 COLONIA COSTA DE ORO 50% CHIAPAS GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL DE TEOPISCA CHIAPAS AV.
    [Show full text]
  • “Enclosures with Inclusion” Vis-À-Vis “Boundaries” in Ancient Mexico
    Ancient Mesoamerica, page 1 of 16, 2021 Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0956536121000043 “ENCLOSURES WITH INCLUSION” VIS-À-VIS “BOUNDARIES” IN ANCIENT MEXICO Amos Megged Department of General History, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31990, Israel Abstract Recent in-depth research on the Nahua Corpus Xolotl, as well as on a large variety of compatible sources, has led to new insights on what were “boundaries” in preconquest Nahua thought. The present article proposes that our modern Western concept of borders and political boundaries was foreign to ancient Mexican societies and to Aztec-era polities in general. Consequently, the article aims to add a novel angle to our understanding of the notions of space, territoriality, and limits in the indigenous worldview in central Mexico during preconquest times, and their repercussions for the internal social and political relations that evolved within the Nahua-Acolhua ethnic states (altepetl). Furthermore, taking its cue from the Corpus Xolotl, the article reconsiders the validity of ethnic entities and polities in ancient Mexico and claims that many of these polities were ethnic and territorial amalgams, in which components of ethnic outsiders formed internal enclaves and powerbases. I argue that in ancient Mexico one is able to observe yet another kind of conceptualization of borders/ frontiers: “enclosures with inclusion,” which served as the indigenous concept of porous and inclusive boundaries, well up to the era of the formation of the so-called Triple Alliance, and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic History of the Otomi in the Central Mexican Valley
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Anthropology Senior Theses Department of Anthropology Spring 2013 The Genetic History Of The Otomi In The Central Mexican Valley Haleigh Zillges University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Zillges, Haleigh, "The Genetic History Of The Otomi In The Central Mexican Valley" (2013). Anthropology Senior Theses. Paper 133. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses/133 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Genetic History Of The Otomi In The Central Mexican Valley Abstract The Otomí, or Hñäñhü, is an indigenous ethnic group in the Central Mexican Valley that has been historically marginalized since before Spanish colonization. To investigate the extent by which historical, geographic, linguistic, and cultural influences shaped biological ancestry, I analyzed the genetic variation of 224 Otomí individuals residing in thirteen Otomí villages. Results indicate that the majority of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes belong to the four major founding lineages, A2, B2, C1, and D1, reflecting an overwhelming lack of maternal admixture with Spanish colonizers. Results also indicate that at an intra-population level, neither geography nor linguistics played a prominent role in shaping maternal biological ancestry. However, at an inter-population level, geography was found to be a more influential determinant. Comparisons of Otomí genetic variation allow us to reconstruct the ethnic history of this group, and to place it within a broader-based Mesoamerican history. Disciplines Anthropology This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses/133 THE GENETIC HISTORY OF THE OTOMI IN THE CENTRAL MEXICAN VALLEY By Haleigh Zillges In Anthropology Submitted to the Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Thesis Advisor: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Basin of Mexico Pp
    Cambridge Histories Online http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/ The Cambridge World Prehistory Edited by Colin Renfrew, Paul Bahn Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139017831 Online ISBN: 9781139017831 Hardback ISBN: 9780521119931 Chapter 2.19 - The Basin of Mexico pp. 986-1004 Chapter DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139017831.067 Cambridge University Press 2.19 THE BASIN OF MEXICO LINDA R. MANZANILLA Introduction Palerm, Piña Chan, Sanders and Wolf. The research objectives concerned environmental and settlement-pattern changes, Mesoamerica is one of the few areas in the world where archaic patterns of land use, relations between settlements, social, state societies emerged. In this vast territory that includes political and ceremonial control and so on (Sanders, Parsons & more than half of Mexico, as well as Guatemala, Belize and Santley 1979: 3). Twelve years later another conference took parts of Honduras and El Salvador, different types of states place, also headed by Eric R. Wolf, and a book was published coexisted in the so-called Classic Period (100–900 CE). This with the research results (Wolf 1976). chapter will deal with one of the major regions where large During the fifteen years after the first conference (1960–74), multiethnic states and cities developed, a volcanic and seis- William T. Sanders headed a large settlement-pattern project mic region characterised by a lacustrine environment and a in this important area, particularly around the lacustrine basin diversity of resources (obsidian to the northeast, aquatic ani- and immediate piedmont, as well as in the Valley of Teotihuacan mals and plants, forest resources, agricultural land, volcanic (Sanders, Parsons & Santley 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Xhptp-Tdt Cerro Pico Tres Padres
    Entidad Municipio Localidad Long Lat Distrito Federal Álvaro Obregón ÁLVARO OBREGÓN 991200 192400 Distrito Federal Álvaro Obregón AMPLIACIÓN SAN BERNABÉ (TENANGO) 991624 191803 Distrito Federal Álvaro Obregón CUAUHTLAMILA 991619 191926 Distrito Federal Álvaro Obregón EL ERMITAÑO (PARAJE EL CHIPIL) 991613 191801 Distrito Federal Azcapotzalco AZCAPOTZALCO 991100 192858 Distrito Federal Benito Juárez BENITO JUÁREZ 990930 192406 Distrito Federal Coyoacán COYOACÁN 990942 192100 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos CRUZ BLANCA 991924 191906 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos CUAJIMALPA DE MORELOS 991705 192228 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos EL BOJI (SAN JACINTO) 991907 192149 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos LA BOLSA (EL ENCINAL) 991807 192017 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos LA PAPA [ESCUELA NIÑOS HÉROES] 991846 192042 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos LA VENTA 991838 192005 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos NINGUNO 992021 191810 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos PARAJE CERRO DE LOS PADRES 991900 192147 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos PARAJE RÍO BORRACHO 991942 192105 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos PROLONGACIÓN CONSTITUCIÓN 991936 192107 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos PUERTO LAS CRUCES (MONTE LAS CRUCES) 992053 191745 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos PUNTA AHUATENCO 991820 192205 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos PUNTA GALICIA 991812 192227 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos RANCHO LOS CAMPESINOS 992039 191814 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos RANCHO SANTA LAURA 991914 192035 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos SAN LORENZO ACOPILCO 991932 191944 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos SANTA ROSA 991747 191923 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos SANTIAGO YACUITLALPAN 991818 192231 Distrito Federal Cuajimalpa de Morelos TEOPAZULCO 991927 192047 Distrito Federal Cuauhtémoc CUAUHTÉMOC 990840 192635 Distrito Federal Gustavo A. Madero GUSTAVO A.
    [Show full text]
  • OECD Territorial Grids
    BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES DES POLITIQUES MEILLEURES POUR UNE VIE MEILLEURE OECD Territorial grids August 2021 OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities Contact: [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Territorial level classification ...................................................................................................................... 3 Map sources ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Map symbols ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Disclaimers .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Australia / Australie ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Austria / Autriche ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Belgium / Belgique ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Canada ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tomaszewski, Brian M. & ME Smith
    Author's personal copy Journal of Historical Geography 37 (2011) 22e39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Historical Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhg Polities, territory and historical change in Postclassic Matlatzinco (Toluca Valley, central Mexico) Brian M. Tomaszewski a,* and Michael E. Smith b a Department of Information Sciences & Technologies, Rochester Institute of Technology, 31 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA b School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA Abstract Historical interpretation of political dynamics in pre-conquest central Mexico from indigenous records is fraught with difficulties. Beyond the basic challenges involved in interpreting fragmentary evidence is the fact that the majority of evidence comes from the dominant imperial polity (Tenochtitlan) and paints a biased and overly generalized view of political and social dynamics in provincial areas. We present a reconstruction of the political geography of the Toluca Valley of central Mexico in Aztec times that avoids these biases by focusing not on the events described in native histories, but on the individual towns and their spatial locations. We find that a theoretical perspective that defines political entities by networks and relations among people more adequately captures the historical situation than traditional models that define polities based on territory and boundaries. Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Political process; Polities; Ancient States; Borders; Toluca Valley; Mexico Reconstructing the pre-European political situation in central control of geographical space was continually contested between Mexico presents a challenge for research in historical geography. the native Matlatzinca people of the Toluca Valley and a series of Beyond obvious practical problems of fragmentary written outside imperial polities, including the Tepanecs, the Aztec Triple evidence are three inter-related conceptual challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • “Processions, Causeways, and Vistas”
    Processions and Aztec State Rituals in the Landscape of the Valley of Mexico Johanna Broda This article explores the dimensions of geography, territory and ritual landscapes in the Valley of Mexico during Aztec times (15th and 16th centuries AD). It applies an interdisciplinary perspective combining anthropology, ethnohistory, archaeology, cultural geography and archaeoastronomy to reconstruct Aztec vision of place that transformed the Basin of Mexico into a sacred geography where lakes and mountains, volcanic landscapes, rocks and boulders, temples as well as towns and settlements of other ethnic groups were reinterpreted by the Aztecs according to their cosmovisión. This geography was the stage for the performance of ritual dramas enacted by the Aztec state (Figure 1). Processions and other ritualized acts in the natural as well as the built environment formed an important part of the Aztec calendar festivals; they usually were integrated into larger rituals. By cosmovision, I mean the structured view by which ancient Mesoamericans combined their notions of cosmology into a coherent whole situating the life of man within this cosmic order. This view implied the observation of nature, but it also related the cosmos to society and to the state. Figure 1. Pathway of the priests after kindling New Fire at Huixachtecatl, Cerro de la Estrella (Codex Borbonicus, p. 34, detail). Broda, “Processions and Aztec State Rituals in the Landscape of the Valley of Mexico” Processions in the Ancient Americas, Penn State University Occasional Papers in Anthropology No. 33 (2016): 179 Ideology, on the other hand, denotes a establish a connection with their Chichimec system of symbolic representation that heritage, hunting and warfare.
    [Show full text]
  • Land, Water, and Government in Santiago Tlatelolco
    ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses conflicts over land and water in Santiago Tlatelolco, an indigenous community located in Mexico City, in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The specific purpose of this study is to analyze the strategies that the indigenous government and indigenous people in general followed in the defense of their natural resources in order to distinguish patterns of continuity and innovation. The analysis covers several topics; first, a comparison and contrast between Mesoamerican and colonial times of the adaptation to the lacustrine environment in which Santiago Tlatelolco was located. This is followed by an examination of the conflicts that Santiago Tlatelolco had with neighboring indigenous communities and individuals who allied themselves with Spaniards. The objective of this analysis is to discern how indigenous communities in the basin of central Mexico used the Spanish legal system to create a shift in power that benefitted their communities. The next part of the dissertation focuses on the conflicts over land and water experienced by a particular group: women. This perspective provides insight into the specific life experience of the inhabitants of Santiago Tlatelolco during Mesoamerican and colonial times. It also highlights the impact that indigenous people had in the Spanish colonial organization and the response of Spanish authorities to the increasing indigenous use of the legal system. The final part discusses the evolution of indigenous government in Santiago Tlatelolco from Mesoamerican to colonial rulership. This section focuses on the role of indigenous rulers in Mexico City public works, especially the hydraulic system, in the recollection of tribute, and, above all, in the legal conflicts over land and water.
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscript Cultures Manuscript Cultures Manuscript
    mc NO 10 2017 mc NO 10 2017 manuscript cultures manuscript Hamburg | Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures ISSN 1867–9617 cultures ISSN 1867–9617 © SFB 950 “Manuskriptkulturen in Asien, Afrika und Europa” Universität Hamburg Warburgstraße 26 www.manuscript-cultures.uni-hamburg.de D-20354 Hamburg N O 10 PUBLISHING INFORMATION | MANUSCRIPT CULTURES Publishing Information Forthcoming 10 - Dividing Texts: Visual Text-Organization in North Indian and Nepalese Manuscripts by Bidur Bhattarai The number of manuscripts produced in the Indian sub- Editors Editorial Office continent is astounding and is the result of a massive Prof Dr Michael Friedrich Dr Irina Wandrey enterprise that was carried out over a vast geographical area Universität Hamburg Universität Hamburg and over a vast stretch of time. Focusing on areas of Northern Asien-Afrika-Institut Sonderforschungsbereich 950 India and Nepal between 800 to 1300 ce and on manuscripts Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1/ Flügel Ost ‘Manuskriptkulturen in Asien, Afrika und Europa’ containing Sanskrit texts, the present study investigates a D-20146 Hamburg Warburgstraße 26 fundamental and so far rarely studied aspect of manuscript Tel. No.: +49 (0)40 42838 7127 D-20354 Hamburg production: visual organization. Scribes adopted a variety Fax No.: +49 (0)40 42838 4899 Tel. No.: +49 (0)40 42838 9420 of visual strategies to distinguish one text from another [email protected] Fax No.: +49 (0)40 42838 4899 and to differentiate the various sections within a single [email protected] text (chapters, sub-chapters, etc.). Their repertoire includes Prof Dr Jörg Quenzer the use of space(s) on the folio, the adoption of different Universität Hamburg Layout writing styles, the inclusion of symbols of various kind, Asien-Afrika-Institut Astrid Kajsa Nylander the application of colors (rubrication), or a combination of Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1/ Flügel Ost all these.
    [Show full text]
  • Fighting with Femininity Gender and War in Aztec Mexico
    FIGHTING WITH FEMININITY: GENDER AND WAR IN AZTEC MEXICO CECELlA F. KLEIN Aeeording to a historical manuseript written around 1580 by the Domi­ niean friar Diego Durán, a fifteenth eentury ruler of Tlatelolco had ernployed a memorable strategy after being vigorously attaeked by Te­ noehtitlan, the Aztee capital now buried beneath Mexieo City (Durán 1967, 2: 263).1 The TIate10lcan king responded to his desperate cireums­ tanees by ordering sorne women and srnall boys to strip naked and attaek the invaders. While the Httle boys threw burning sticks, the wornen approaehed with their prívate parts "shamefully" exposed, sorne slap­ ping their bellies and genitals, others squeezing their breasts and seatter­ ing milk on their enernies. Another version of the sarne event adds that the naked women had their heads gaudily feathered and their lips paintrd red, the color of harlots (Tezozómoc 1975: 392).2 According to this author, the aggressive women carned shidds and obsidian bladed clubs while loudly accusing the Aztecs of being cowards. As the obscene cont­ ingent advanced other women -still dressed- turned around, flung up their skirts, and showed their buttocks to the enemy, whi1e others flung frorn the top oí a pyramid brooms, cane staves, weavíngs, warping frames, spindles and battens. 1 N. B. This paper owes much to many people. Elizabeth Boone, TOn! Cummins, Joan Weinstein, Zena Pearlstone, and Constance Cortez read over or listened to earlier drafts and made many helpful commcnts. KarI Taube, Cecile Whiting, David: Kunzle, Susan Kane, Andrea Stone, Stacy Schaefer, Maria Rodri­ guez-Shadow, Christopher Couch and Geoffrey and SharÍl;se McCafferty all shared valuable information with me.
    [Show full text]