This Document Contains Confidential Information

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

This Document Contains Confidential Information BRANDON UNIVERSITY 2018-19 Operating Budget Approved (As approved by the Board of Governors) May 2018 Table of Contents Page A. Recommended Budget 3 B. General Budget Information 25 C. Grant Information 32 D. Fee Schedule (2018-2019) 36 E. Unit Budgets 39 F. Renovations & Equipment 154 G. Board Budget Committee 181 H. Eckhardt-Gramatté Conservatory of Music Budget 202 I. Ancillary Services Budget 205 J. Campus Manitoba Budget 212 K. Process Schedule and Target Dates 214 2 A. Recommended Budget 3 Brandon University Draft Operating Budget 2018-2019 Proposed Adjustments to the Draft Base Budget And Rationale April 20, 2018 Introduction The budget process begins with development of the Budget Estimates document, which is presented to the Province in September. The Provincial budget was presented in the Legislature March 12, 2018. The new Tuition policy from the Province was announced last year to provide for maximum increases of CPI plus 5%. On January 31st , the Province determined that based on CPI in December, the maximum tuition increase for 2018-19 would be 1.6% plus 5% for a total of 6.6%. Provincial grants were announced March 12th as a decrease of 0.9%. The proposed budget adjustments are recorded in the Decision Matrix in the Recommended Budget section of the Budget Book. It contains all adjustments to both revenues and expenditures that are proposed to achieve strategic objectives and a balanced budget. Staffing plans and budget submissions were provided by each budget unit in the fall of 2017. Subsequent budget submissions from each budget unit were provided in February 2018 and are included in this document. These documents contributed to the development of the final budget recommendations. Cost increases for 2018-2019 The base budget for 2018-2019 compared with the final approved budget for 2017-2018 increased by $3,064,105. Of that amount $1,659,416 was the portion of ongoing expenses from 2017-2018 that were covered with surplus funds and because surplus funds are not ongoing, these funds must be found again for 2018-2019. $1,404,689 are new cost increases. Salaries and benefits increased by $1,008,367 due to bargained increases, sabbatical and other leave adjustments, retirements and new hires, positions unfilled for the year and additional positions to be filled, and includes a reduction in special pension payments of $371,000. Other cost increases include non-salary inflationary adjustments of $163,412, a subsidy to bring PENT student tuition in line with other student tuition of $45,000, increased demand for Board of Governors entrance scholarships and employee tuition waivers of $112,000, and miscellaneous adjustments of $75,910. Provincial Grant and Tuition Changes The Provincial grant decreased by 0.9% or $345,000. Tuition revenues are projected to increase by a 6.6% fee increase and a 6.0% enrolment increase for a total of 12.6% or $1,190,500 over 2017-2018 levels. Therefore, the net increase in revenues is projected to be $845,500. Salaries and Benefits Approximately 90% of the annual operating budget of Brandon University is allocated for salaries and benefits, including the additional special payments into the BU Retirement Plan. 4 Salaries and benefits have been adjusted for collective agreement increases, position turnovers and leaves. Five positions were left temporarily vacant for the 2018-2019 year and 6 FTE new positions were added as well as additional Indigenous Elder resources. Further, it is anticipated that there may yet be additional staff turnovers resulting in salary savings during the year. During the staffing planning completed in the Fall of 2017, all positions coming vacant were replaced with the exception of the five positions (one in each Faculty) agreed to left vacant for one year to assist with budget. In addition, all sessional requirements and requested term positions were filled. This has provided a saving of $492,760 for 2018- 2019 over anticipated requirements in the base budget. During the 2017-18 fiscal year, the Province required all post-secondary institutions and other public sector employers to reduce management positions by 15%. Brandon University was able to accomplish this requirement and announced the changes in March of 2018. The savings from these vacancies and turnovers will arise over the next couple of years. The additional savings over the draft base budget for 2018-2019 is expected to be $88,776. Other savings include one position that is not part of the operating budget and one position in 2018-2019 that was not expected to be filled until late in the year so some savings had already been recognized. Total BU salary savings for 2018-2019 is expected to be in the range of $316,000. Brandon University Retirement Plan The BU Retirement Plan is currently valuated annually while the solvency ratio of the plan assets compared to liabilities remains below 90%. Special payments are required for the unfunded liability arising out of the going-concern valuation of the Plan. The unfunded liability on December 31, 2017 is estimated to be lower than was calculated for 2016. As a result, projected annual special payments related to that liability have been decreased for 2018 by $371,000 for an estimated payment requirement of $293,000. Current service costs for the Plan also are estimated to decrease slightly. Revenue Increases English for Academic Purposes has been a successful program for Brandon University and our international partners over the years. Fee increases approved by the Board is expected to bring in an additional $32,500 in revenues. The General Endowment Trust Reserve is an endowment fund in the BU Foundation that is growing. Funds disbursed from that endowment are used to fund the Advancement Office at BU and revenues from that source are expected to increase by $28,904 in 2018-2019. Investment in Programs and Services While the focus is often on reducing expenditures, it is also important to invest in programs and services that reflect the goals and values of Brandon University. $25,000 has been allocated for a Library repository. $15,000 for Advancement travel related to donor visits and alumni events. $35,000 has been allocated for the 50th Anniversary Homecoming events planned for October. $25,000 has been added for graduate student scholarships or assistantships, one $5,000 amount for each Faculty. 5 $5,000 has been allocated for Music recruitment materials. $10,000 has been allocated for Student Services recruitment materials and activities. $17,000 has been allocated for SPSS licensing previously covered out of the VP Academic and Provost Office, which frees those funds for conference support for BU faculty. $5,000 has been allocated for a new exam invigilation process to improve the integrity of the exam writing process and to be consistent with what other universities across the country already do. In 2019-2020, a further $5,000 will be required to support the changes. $2,000 has been allocated to support the co-op education program recently launched at Brandon University. This amount reflects approximately $7,000 of costs to operate the program in 2018-2019 less approximately $5,000 of revenue from student fees related to the Program. $30,000 has been allocated to Physical Plant to assist with repairs and cost inflation reflected in services and materials to maintain the facilities on campus. This is intended to allow for more on campus work to be done by Physical Plant without having to recover as many costs from other units on campus for whom work is being done. Surplus Funds It is proposed that $1,606,150 of the budgeted cost increases be addressed through the use of surplus funds. This number reflects anticipated use of the appropriated, the unappropriated, and Ancillary Services surplus funds available on March 31, 2018. As this revenue source is not on-going, these funds will have to be found again as part of the 2019-2020 operating budget. This is a slightly smaller amount of the cost increases being funded by surplus funds than in the previous year. International Student Tuition Fee Premiums Universities in Canada tend to charge students from outside of Canada studying with Student Visa authorization in Canada, higher rates of tuition than what is charged to domestic students of Canada. Brandon University has done this as well for more than fifteen years. The principle rationale is that students and their families, who are not citizens, do not pay the same taxes in Canada as do domestic students and their families. Therefore, given that universities are significantly funded by taxpayers through Provincial Government grants, the differential is thought to be reasonable. Tuition fees for international students will remain at the same level relative to domestic students for the 2018-2019 budget – that is undergraduate students will pay 2 times what domestic students pay and graduate students will pay the same tuition as domestic graduate students. Beginning in September 2019, international tuition fees will increase as follows. Students beginning programs at the undergraduate level will pay 3.7 times what domestic students pay. This rate is consistent with rates charged at the University of Winnipeg and the University of Manitoba. Continuing undergraduate students will pay 2.5 times what domestic students pay for 2019/20, 3 times for 2020/21, 3.5 times for 2021/22, and 3.7 times for 2022/23. Beginning in September 2019, students beginning programs at the graduate level will pay 2 times what domestic students pay. This rate is also consistent with what other 6 Manitoba universities currently charge. Continuing graduate students will pay 1.5 times what domestic students pay for 2019/20, and 2 times for 2020/21.
Recommended publications
  • Overview Manitoba's Post-Secondary System
    POST-SECONDAY PATHWAYS IN MANITOBA Pathways to Education and Work Centre for the Study of Canadian and International Higher Education Qualifications: The Link Between Educational and Occupational Pathways and Labour Market Outcomes is a project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The four-year project investigates the nature of pathways within postsecondary education, and between postsecondary education and the labour market. As part of this project, the Provincial Pathways profile series lays the groundwork for further inquiry contrasting and comparing educational and occupational pathways in Canadian provinces and territories. Manitoba: Overview The degree of coordination of postsecondary education in Manitoba has fluctuated over the course of its history. An initial system of a single university governing a constellation of denominational colleges (Gregson, 1996) has evolved into a system of autonomous institutions, linked through an array of coordinating endeavors. The province’s present post-secondary system supports both English and French language learners. Manitoba’s large and expanding Indigenous populations are an impetus for innovation as traditionally structured institutions partner with Indigenous communities and educators to develop programs and institutional structures that provide “culturally sensitive” and place based education in the province’s North. (University College of the North, 2005). Manitoba’s Post-Secondary System Manitoba’s post-secondary education system is governed by the Advanced Learning Division of the province’s Education and Training Department. The system is comprised of Four universities Four public colleges and institutes Private, degree-granting religious institutes Private vocational training schools The system began with one university and an affiliated college system (Gregor, 1997).1 The Universities Establishment Act (1967) converted two of these colleges into universities in their own right: Brandon University (Brandon College) and the University of Winnipeg (United College).
    [Show full text]
  • Mothballing Manitoba's Council on Post-Secondary Education
    Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, Issue #170, August 13, 2015. © by CJEAP and the author(s). GOVERNANCE IN TRANSITION: MOTHBALLING MANITOBA’S COUNCIL ON POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION Dan Smith, University College of the North Examining the Government of Manitoba decision in 2014 to eliminate the Council on Post-Secondary Education, this article argues that government sought to exercise greater control over the public post-secondary system and its institutions in the province for the purpose of exacting greater control over system integration. While the elimination of the agency was consistent with the elimination of similar agencies in other provinces, the article finds that the direction of the new post-secondary governance model is less collegial and less consultative with more emphasis on regulation, and ministerial influence than was the case with the previous intermediary model, continuing trends in Manitoba towards greater government control. Introduction On June 17, 2014, the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba passed amendments to the Advanced Education Administration Act (AEAA), fundamentally altering the governance structure for the system of colleges and universities in Manitoba. In brief, the new act eliminated the Council on Post-Secondary Education (COPSE), ending the 47-year use of intermediary agencies as the model for governing post-secondary education in the province, turning that governance over to the minister responsible for colleges and universities. Undertaken with little notice (Martin, 2014) prior to being announced in the provincial budget, the passage of new legislation followed a brief but acrimonious public debate about the appropriate role of the government in the management of post-secondary education (Manitoba Legislative Assembly, Governance in Transition 2014; Winnipeg Free Press, 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • President & Vice-Chancellor
    Position profile President and Vice Chancellor March 2014 Position profile: President and Vice Chancellor, Brandon University Caldwell Partners 1 Brandon University Overview Founded in 1899 in the rolling hills of southwestern Manitoba, Brandon University (BU) has a rich tradition as a small liberal arts university. BU attracts students both locally and globally who are interested in obtaining a personalized education in an environment geared to the individual. Its people, facilities, programs and services, and warm Prairie hospitality set BU apart from other universities. Dedicated to the liberal arts and sciences, Brandon University offers undergraduate degrees in social science and professional programs, inter- disciplinary studies and performance through its Faculties of Arts, Education, Health Studies, and Science, and its School of Music. BU is also building its capacity in graduate education and offers graduate degrees in music, education, rural development, psychiatric nursing, and environmental and life sciences. In addition, BU is a co-participant in Campus Manitoba, a distance education program that offers a selection of university-level courses in numerous rural Manitoba communities. With small class sizes, accessible faculty, an integrated and aesthetically pleasing campus, and a diverse student population, Brandon University offers a stimulating, supportive, and personal- ized learning experience. BU’s liberal arts curriculum delivers rich content and educates students on how to apply knowledge so that they can make a meaningful difference as engaged citizens and leaders. Position profile: President and Vice Chancellor, Brandon University Caldwell Partners 2 Brandon University is proud of the relationship it has with all Indigenous groups who entrust Brandon University to be respectful of the diverse First Nations, Métis, and Inuit students, families, com- munities, and Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring/Summer
    s B R A N D O N U N I V E R S I T Y S P R I N G / S U M M E R 2 0 0 9 d n e i r f | s r o n o d | i n m u l a ALUMNI N E W S INSIDE THIS ISSUE Honorary Degrees Award Winners Renaissance Couple Keeping in Touch A tribute to Louis & Mary Visentin Alumna Profile Homecoming 2009 REGISTRATION INSIDE! INSIDE THIS ISSUE V O L U M E 1 1 0 I S S U E 0 1 THIS ISSUE’S CONTRIBUTORS EXECUTIVE EDITORS FEATURES Carla Eisler – [email protected] Lisa Thomson – [email protected] 7 Honorary Degrees WRITERS Carla Eisler, Shawna English, Kelly Stifora 8 Award Winners & Lisa Thomson 9 Feature Story: Renaissance Couple PHOTOGRAPHY Sandy Black, Ken Frazer, Kelly Stifora & Lisa Thomson 17 Ciao Visentin!: Memories and Farewells GRAPHIC DESIGN Angela Andrey of Webber Printing PRINTER Leech Printing This magazine was printed on FSC Certified stock at Leech Printing Limited, a COLUMNS & DEPARTMENTS Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) chain of custody certified printer. For more information go to www.fsc.org. 4 President’s Message FEEDBACK OR LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 5 BU News and Highlights [email protected] 19 ADVERTISING Alumni Association Greetings 204.727.9762 [email protected] 20 Keeping in Touch/In Memoriam SEND US YOUR STORIES 22 Fall Homecoming 2009 A personable and friendly place like Brandon University (BU) no doubt harbours a multitude of heart-warming 24 Alumna Profile: Kimberly Spears stories.
    [Show full text]
  • BU's NEW CHANCELLOR
    SPRING 2013 BRANDON UNIVERSITY ALUMNI NEWS BUILD Brandon University Innovation | Leadership | Development HONORARY DEGREE Lloyd Robertson HOMECOMING 2013 October 18-20 MICHAEL DECTER BU’s NEW CHANCELLOR Future Alumni Greg Monias, 3rd-Year Music Performance Student Serious Illness. Critical Coverage. Brandon University If serious illness interrupts your life, don’t let worries about money get in your way of getting better. Critical Illness Insurance DEGREE FRAMES provides a tax-free cash payment to spend any way you need. are available for purchase through Critical Illness Insurance For a personalized quotation or to apply online, please visit us at: the Alumni Association Office. To solutionsinsurance.com/brandon 1.800.266.5667 view the many different styles go to www.brandonu.ca/alumni/frames . SPRING 2013 ALUMNI NEWS CONTENTS Editor Carla Eisler • [email protected] Writers Carla Eisler, Glen Kirby, Dr. Deborah Poff Photographers Alex Beshara, CTV News, Erocphotog, Frazer Studios, Keywest Photo, Glen Kirby, Matt Packwood, University of Alberta Athletics Graphic Design Innovative Media + Marketing, Brandon, Manitoba Printing Leech Printing Ltd., Brandon, Manitoba This magazine was printed on FSC Certified stock at Leech Printing Ltd., a Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) chain of custody certified printer. For more information visit www.fsc.org. Feedback [email protected] Advertising 204-727-9762 or [email protected] Send us your stories! A close-knit and friendly place, Brandon University (BU) has inspired a multitude of heart-warming stories. As alumni, you undoubtedly have much to tell about the relationships that you developed while at BU. Was it the meeting ground for you and your spouse, a business partner or a great friend? Perhaps you developed a lifelong mentorship with a special faculty member? Honorary Doctorate: If you have any suggestions or know of an outstanding alumna/alumnus you believe should be Lloyd Robertson featured in Alumni News, please contact the Alumni Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Canada Sub-Report
    Tracking Online and Digital Education in Canadian Universities and Colleges: 2018 WESTERN CANADA SUB-REPORT In partnership with: CANADIAN NATIONAL SURVEY OF ONLINE AND DISTANCE EDUCATION 1 THE 2018 NATIONAL SURVEY RESEARCH TEAM Dr. Tony Bates CDLRA/ACRFL Distinguished Visiting Professor, Chang School of Continuing Education, Ryerson University; Research Associate, Contact North Dr. Tricia Donovan Executive Director, CDLRA/ACRFL Former Director, eCampus Alberta Dr. Jeff Seaman Director, Babson Research Group. USA Dr. Denis Mayer CDLRA/ACRFL Ancien vice-recteur adjoint, affaires étudiantes, Université Laurentienne Eric Martel Directeur adjoint - Formation à distance, Université Laval Dr. Ross Paul Former President, University of Windsor, Laurentian University Dr. Brian Desbiens Former President, Sir. Sanford Fleming College Vivian Forssman CDLRA/ACRFL Former Director, Centre for Teaching and Educational Technologies, Royal Roads University Russ Poulin Director, Policy and Analysis, WCET, USA 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 4 Defining Western Canada ............................................................................................. 5 Response to the survey .................................................................................................. 5 Main results ................................................................................................................... 6 Institutional participation in online/distance
    [Show full text]
  • Progress in Achieving the Vision
    Introduction This report documents the progress achieved by Red River The Commentary is keyed to individual strategies and College in 2001 to achieve its vision and mission. It is part of actions. While many of the statements are at a corporate the College’s annual Strategic Plan review process. level to provide a broad perspective of achievements, many are also very specific to illustrate area successes. Every year progress is reviewed and documented on the strategies and action statements in the Plan. This allows the The intent is to provide documentation of the committed and College to measure success continuously and alter planned inspired work of faculty and staff in all areas of the College. actions where external or internal events dictate. Red River College is committed to improving the learning Two companion documents, Red River College Strategic environment. Continuous evaluation and measurement are Plan 2002-2007, and Red River College Operational Plan essential for improvement. 2002-2007 detail the revised plan at the strategic and operational levels. This document is one of many activities that demonstrate our intent to measure our results, test our progress and initiate This report provides a qualitative commentary on improvements. achievements. OBJECTIVES/STRATEGIES ACTIONS STATUS UPDATE 1.0 DELIVER HIGH QUALITY PROGRAMS AND SERVICES THAT FOCUS ON THE CUSTOMER. 1.1 Develop and adopt a set of college-wide • Identify, define and develop relevant • After extensive internal and external consultation, learning outcomes for use by all programs, assessment strategies for College RRC adopted the Conference Board of Canada’s and develop all newly funded programs, in learning outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathways in Manitoba the Degree of Coordination of Postsecondary Education in Manitoba Has Fluctuated Over the Course of Its History
    Pathways in Manitoba The degree of coordination of postsecondary education in Manitoba has fluctuated over the course of its history. An initial system of a single university governing a constellation of denominational colleges (Gregson, 1996) has evolved into a system of autonomous institutions, linked through an array of coordinating endeavors. The province’s present post-secondary system supports both English and French language learners. Manitoba’s large and expanding Indigenous populations are an impetus for innovation as traditionally structured institutions partner with Indigenous communities and educators to develop programs and institutional structures that provide “culturally sensitive” and place based education in the province’s North. (University College of the North, 2005). Manitoba’s Post-Secondary System Manitoba’s post-secondary education system is governed by the Advanced Learning Division of the province’s Education and Training Department. The system is comprised of Four universities Four public colleges and institutes Private, degree-granting religious institutes Private vocational training schools The system began with one university and an affiliated college system (Gregor, 1997).1 The Universities Establishment Act (1967) converted two of these colleges into universities in their own right: Brandon University (Brandon College) and the University of Winnipeg (United College). Collège Universitaire de Sainte-Boniface, a French language institution, retains an affiliation with the University of Manitoba, although it was established as a university in 2011 (Gregson, 1997). Additional French language college and technical programs are offered through École technique et professionnelle, affiliated with Ste. Boniface. Three additional English language vocational colleges were established in 1942, with funding assistance from the federal government (CMEC, 2003; Dennison & Gallagher, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Compendium 2011
    Manitoba Council on Post-Secondary Education Statistical Compendium For the Academic Years Ending in 2010 Fall 2011 Data Availability In addition to compact disc (CD-ROM), the Statistical Compendium is available on the website of the Council on Post-Secondary Education. Data in This Report The data in this report have been provided by: • University of Manitoba • University of Winnipeg • Brandon University • Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface • Red River College • Assiniboine Community College • University College of the North (formerly Keewatin Community College) • Canadian Mennonite University • Providence College and Seminary • Steinbach Bible College • William & Catherine Booth College • ACCESS Programs • Campus Manitoba • Inter-Universities Services Although the data in this report have not been audited, the objective is to provide a general overview of Manitoba Post-Secondary institutions. And because the fundamental difference among institutions in academic programs, organization and physical environment, data in this report are subject to interpretation and clarification. Requests for further institutional data should be directed to the specific university, college or program. How to Obtain More Information Inquires about this document should be directed to: The Council on Post-Secondary Education 608 -330 Portage Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 0C4 Telephone : (204) 945-1833 Fax: (204) 945-1841 Visit the Council on Post-Secondary Education’s website: http://www.copse.mb.ca Statistical Compendium Fall 2011 2 INDEX ACKNOWLEGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………………..4
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Impact Study of Southport Aerospace
    Economic Impact Study of Southport Aerospace Prepared by: The University of Manitoba Transport Institute Economic Impact Study for Southport Aerospace Prepared for: Southport Aerospace Incorporated Prepared by: Allister Hickson, Ph.D., CFA Matt Seguire, M.A. University of Manitoba Transport Institute This report is provided “as‐is” and the Contractor makes no warranty, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will the Contractor be liable for any indirect, special, consequential or similar damages. May, 2006 i Table of Contents Page Executive Summary......................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 2 2.0 Southport Overview .................................................................................................. 2 3.0 Structure and Limitations of Economic Impact Studies....................................... 3 4.0 Methodology............................................................................................................... 4 5.0 Economic Impact of Southport on the Economy................................................... 5 5.1 Expenditures and GDP.......................................................................................... 5 5.2 Employment and Labour Income.......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Connected
    Getting Connected Version 2.0 Table of Contents Categories of Users..............................................................................................................1 Security Access....................................................................................................................2 Connecting to Aurora...........................................................................................................3 Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................5 Technical Support ................................................................................................................6 Appendix A: Partners and Satellites ....................................................................................7 Appendix B: URLs of Documents Referenced....................................................................8 Please Note: This document refers to many other documents, which are all available via the University of Manitoba web site. If you are reading this document online as a PDF, you can click on an underlined link to directly access the referenced document. If you are reading this document in print and wish to access one of the linked documents, you can either: • open the PDF file, which is available on the Access Aurora Finance and Student page of both the Aurora Finance and Aurora Student web sites, or • type the URL directly into your browser. All the URLs are listed in Appendix B. Categories of Users 1. On Campus (University
    [Show full text]
  • Post- Secondary Education Between 1999 and 2013
    Investing in Manitoba's Future: Post- Secondary Education Between 1999 and 2013 ANDREA D. ROUNCE I. INTRODUCTION: THE POLICY ENVIRONMENT ost-secondary education (PSE) is an important policy area and policy instrument for governments, including the Manitoba 2013 CanLIIDocs 345 P government. A provincial responsibility under section 91 of the Canadian Constitution, PSE is vital for economic development and innovation. It is also key for meeting the educational needs of specific populations, such as Francophone Manitobans (through the Université de Saint-Boniface), Mennonites (through the Canadian Mennonite University), and other religious traditions, thus contributing to societal diversity.1 It is a key component of Manitoba's Northern Development Strategy. It can be part of an immigration/migration strategy; useful for drawing in people from other provinces and countries, providing them connections to the community, and working to keep them in Manitoba.2 Government Author is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Studies, University of Manitoba. Alana Kernaghan's research assistance was invaluable. The author wishes to thank Alana for her attention to detail and tenacity in finding government documentation. Thank you also to the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and extremely helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Any remaining errors are my own. 1 Manitoba, Legislative Assembly, Official Report of Debates, 40th Leg, 2nd Sess, Vol 2012b (19 November 2012) (Speech from the Throne) [Speech from the Throne, 2012]. 2 Manitoba, Legislative Assembly, Official Report of Debates, 38th Leg, 5nd Sess, Vol 2007 (4 April 2007) (Manitoba Budget Speech) at 7; Speech from the Throne, 2012, supra note 1.
    [Show full text]