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Pathways in Manitoba the Degree of Coordination of Postsecondary Education in Manitoba Has Fluctuated Over the Course of Its History

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Pathways in Manitoba the Degree of Coordination of Postsecondary Education in Manitoba Has Fluctuated Over the Course of Its History Pathways in Manitoba The degree of coordination of postsecondary education in Manitoba has fluctuated over the course of its history. An initial system of a single university governing a constellation of denominational colleges (Gregson, 1996) has evolved into a system of autonomous institutions, linked through an array of coordinating endeavors. The province’s present post-secondary system supports both English and French language learners. Manitoba’s large and expanding Indigenous populations are an impetus for innovation as traditionally structured institutions partner with Indigenous communities and educators to develop programs and institutional structures that provide “culturally sensitive” and place based education in the province’s North. (University College of the North, 2005). Manitoba’s Post-Secondary System Manitoba’s post-secondary education system is governed by the Advanced Learning Division of the province’s Education and Training Department. The system is comprised of Four universities Four public colleges and institutes Private, degree-granting religious institutes Private vocational training schools The system began with one university and an affiliated college system (Gregor, 1997).1 The Universities Establishment Act (1967) converted two of these colleges into universities in their own right: Brandon University (Brandon College) and the University of Winnipeg (United College). Collège Universitaire de Sainte-Boniface, a French language institution, retains an affiliation with the University of Manitoba, although it was established as a university in 2011 (Gregson, 1997). Additional French language college and technical programs are offered through École technique et professionnelle, affiliated with Ste. Boniface. Three additional English language vocational colleges were established in 1942, with funding assistance from the federal government (CMEC, 2003; Dennison & Gallagher, 1986). Two of these institutions, Keewatin College and Thompson College, are now hubs of the University College of the North. The Colleges Amendment Act gave authority to colleges to grant applied degrees in 2009 (Shanahan, 2015). Manitoba does not have a council for articulation and transfer, nor any policy uniting its many transfer and articulation agreements (ACCC, 2011; CMEC, 2006). The province does not have a designated quality assurance body. Quality assurance is presently managed indirectly by the province’s Division of Advanced Education. The Division is responsible for reviewing and approving programs of study, and quality assurance is taken into consideration in this approval process. Although the province of Manitoba lacks some of the coordinating infrastructures that might improve system transparency and 1 University of Manitoba Act (1877, C.C.S.M. c. U60). Retrieved from the Manitoba Provincial Government website: http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/u060e.php functionality, many of these processes have been managed reasonably effectively because the post- secondary system is not large. The system overall has also benefited from the ongoing work of Campus Manitoba, a consortium of seven institutions that originally administered post-secondary access for rural/remote students (CMEC, 2003). The government funded program has since evolved to enhance access and information for all Manitoba students and families. Campus Manitoba houses eCourses, an online learning access portal, an open source textbook initiative, and Set Your Course, a career planning and program exploration tool. Campus Manitoba also designed a yet-to-be launched online transfer guide (Campus Manitoba, 2016; Winnipeg Sun, 2016). Access is a central concern in Manitoba. Integral to extending and coordinating post-secondary access and transfers to the province’s Northern communities is the University College of the North, a network of face-to-face and distance programming for and as much as possible by Indigenous people. In addition to providing a learning network of its own programming, University College of the North partners with the province’s other three universities in a consortium to offer university credit courses. Inter-University Services offers both face-to-face and distance learning to communities that cannot access desired learning locally.2 Access is also enhanced by online courses and programs offered by Manitoba’s post-secondary institutions. These course offerings are coordinated by Campus Manitoba: the eCourses Manitoba portal streamlines registrations for students, catalogues online offerings from across the province, and provides students with transfer information, such as it is provided by offering institutions. Pathways, Articulation and Transfer in Manitoba From 2003 until 2014, Manitoba’s credit transfers and articulations were managed through the Council on Post-Secondary Education [COPSE], an arms’ length intermediary body for both colleges and universities. Until its controversial dissolution in 2015 (Smith, 2015) COPSE was responsible for accrediting programs, monitoring program quality, and making recommendations to the government on behalf of the province’s post-secondary system. (Hatherly, 2015; Universities Canada, n.d.). Bill 63 dissolved COPSE, and simultaneously brought its functions under a new Division of the Ministry of Education and Training.3 Program approvals, budgeting and quality assurance are under direct government supervision, per this new arrangement. The original division of labour between COPSE and Campus Manitoba is largely unchanged; Campus Manitoba continues to operate as a program funded by the Division of Advanced Education. Presently, many individual transfer agreements, articulations and other cooperative arrangements exist among Manitoba’s post-secondary institutions, some of which are specific 2 Most offerings are portable, as there are thousands of unilateral transfer agreements between the universities composing the Inter-University Services (eCampus Manitoba, 2016). 3 Advanced Education Administration Amendment and Council on Post-Secondary Education Repeal Act. (Bill 63). Retrieved April 7, 2016 from https://web2.gov.mb.ca/bills/40-3/b063e.php COPSE Final Report available at http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/ald/pdf/copse_ar_1314.pdf to occupational sectors and pathways (ACCC, 2011). Reports to the CMEC working group in 2006 and 2009 indicate that mapping existing agreements and creating a central information source for students and other stakeholders were priorities for the province. At the time of writing, progress on the TransferManitoba project, to be launched in 2016, has been stalled. In the meantime, institutional websites provide information about transfer eligibility of programs and courses, although availability and detail varies from site to site. As well, eCourses offerings reflect many transfer and articulation agreements amongst member institutions of the Campus Manitoba consortium. eCourses Manitoba provides general information regarding block transfer (college-to-college, college-to-university, university-to-college) and French to English language programs. Trades Trades in Manitoba are governed under the Apprenticeship and Certification Act, and administered by Apprenticeship Manitoba. A network of industry based advisory committees assists a government appointed board in aligning training to industry needs and standards (CICIC, 2016). Trades and technical programs are available through the Manitoba Institute of Trades and Technology and some regional colleges. Over fifty trades are recognized on Manitoba, nine of which require a license in order to work. Lack of French language learning has been a longstanding issue in Manitoba. Students who wish to study skilled trades in French have for the most part had to leave the province (Cadloff, 2016). The Manitoba Institute for Technical Training [MITT] will be offering French language trades learning in 2017. The institution is also partnering with Manitoba’s province wide French language school division to offer youth apprenticeships in French (Gatehouse, 2016). Prior Learning Assessment Recognition (PLAR) Manitoba promotes prior learning recognition in community agencies, post-secondary education, and workplaces (CMEC, 2003; Government of Manitoba, 2001).4 Postsecondary students in Manitoba can receive credit for prior learning through Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) processes, which are offered through individual campuses (eCampus Manitoba, 2016). RPL is described as recognizing the skills, knowledge, and abilities that students have gained through prior training, work-related experience, other coursework, and community engagement (eCampus Manitoba, 2016). And as of 2003, Manitoba had articulated a prior learning and recognition (PLAR) policy framework with the intention of growing PLAR initiatives (CMEC, 2003). Summary Manitoba is challenged to meet the needs of three distinct founding groups – Franco- Manitobans, English Manitobans, and a large Indigenous population – across a geographical region that contains many sparsely populated and economically disadvantaged communities. 4 Manitoba’s Policy Framework for Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition (2001). Retrieved December 8, 2016 from http://www.gov.mb.ca/mal/all/plar/policy_30nov01.pdf To address these needs, the province has innovated with many articulation agreements and partnerships. Presently, these agreements are not publicly searchable, although the infrastructure is in place to offer this service to institutions and learners. Campus Manitoba is a well-established
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