Western Canada Sub-Report
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Tracking Online and Digital Education in Canadian Universities and Colleges: 2018 WESTERN CANADA SUB-REPORT In partnership with: CANADIAN NATIONAL SURVEY OF ONLINE AND DISTANCE EDUCATION 1 THE 2018 NATIONAL SURVEY RESEARCH TEAM Dr. Tony Bates CDLRA/ACRFL Distinguished Visiting Professor, Chang School of Continuing Education, Ryerson University; Research Associate, Contact North Dr. Tricia Donovan Executive Director, CDLRA/ACRFL Former Director, eCampus Alberta Dr. Jeff Seaman Director, Babson Research Group. USA Dr. Denis Mayer CDLRA/ACRFL Ancien vice-recteur adjoint, affaires étudiantes, Université Laurentienne Eric Martel Directeur adjoint - Formation à distance, Université Laval Dr. Ross Paul Former President, University of Windsor, Laurentian University Dr. Brian Desbiens Former President, Sir. Sanford Fleming College Vivian Forssman CDLRA/ACRFL Former Director, Centre for Teaching and Educational Technologies, Royal Roads University Russ Poulin Director, Policy and Analysis, WCET, USA 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 4 Defining Western Canada ............................................................................................. 5 Response to the survey .................................................................................................. 5 Main results ................................................................................................................... 6 Institutional participation in online/distance education .......................................... 6 Online course enrolments ..................................................................................... 6 Trends in online enrolments .................................................................................... 7 Blended/hybrid learning ........................................................................................ 8 Use of technology in online and blended/hybrid learning ...................................... 8 Definitions ............................................................................................................ 10 Open educational resources ............................................................................... 12 MOOCs ............................................................................................................... 13 Strategies and Plans ........................................................................................... 14 Reasons for implementing online ......................................................................... 13 Barriers to the adoption of online learning ........................................................... 15 Perceptions of online learning .............................................................................. 17 Canada and U.S. comparison .............................................................................. 19 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 20 Roster and response rates ........................................................................................... 22 Tracking Online and Distance Education in Canadian Universities and Colleges: 2018 is released by the Canadian Digital Learning Research Association/Association canadienne de recherche sur la formation en ligne (CDLRA/ACRFL) under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) License Attribution-NoDerivs-CC BY-ND 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As in 2017, the major part of the funding for the 2018 survey was provided by various provincial government organizations mandated to support online learning, plus lesser but significant contributions from the private sector. For 2018 the primary funding agencies were: • eCampusOntario • BCcampus • Campus Manitoba • Contact North • OCAS • Pearson Canada • Government of Québec • D2L Also, in order to provide greater transparency in the management of funds, the survey team established itself in 2018 as a federally registered Canadian Not-for-Profit Corporation called the Canadian Digital Learning Research Association/ Association canadienne de recherche sur la formation en ligne (CDLRA/ACRFL). CDLRA/ACRFL was established to engage in research and publish information regarding online and digital learning in the Canadian education system. Dr. Tricia Donovan serves as the Executive Director, and Dr. Tony Bates and Dr. Denis Mayer serve as Directors of the Board. Once again, the 2018 survey depended heavily on support from other organizations, including: • Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICAN) • Universities Canada • Canadian Virtual University Above all, though, this is a voluntary survey for institutions to complete. As in 2017, this year’s survey required a good deal of work from many different people within the institutions to provide all the information requested. We are truly indebted to everyone who participated in the survey. 4 DEFINING WESTERN CANADA This sub-report focuses on the results from publicly funded post-secondary institutions in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, in comparison with institutions in the rest of Canada. The public report on the results of the 2018 Canadian National Survey of Online and Distance Education conducted in summer, 2018, covering the whole of Canada, is available at https://onlinelearningsurveycanada.ca/. This sub-report is a condensed version of the public report, focused on Western Canada. Western Canada is a broad concept, with significant differences between each of the western provinces. For instance, both Alberta and British Columbia have significantly more post- secondary institutions than Manitoba or Saskatchewan. In general, it has been necessary in this sub-report to look at institutional responses from each province separately to better ascertain differences. It should be noted too that the smaller the number of institutions in a province the more significance there is if just one responds differently from the others. With only six institutions responding to the survey in Saskatchewan, and eight in Manitoba, great care is needed in interpreting their results. RESPONSE TO THE SURVEY The 2018 survey received an 80% response rate from across the country, which represents 187 responses out of our roster of 234 public institutions. Responses were highly representative of institution type, province, and size of institution. The responding institutions covered 92% of all students in post-secondary education in Canada. Non-responders tended to be smaller institutions. The response rate from the 68 Western Canada institutions (29% of all institutions in the roster) was 76.5% (52 institutions). The response rates in Alberta and British Columbia were 81%. Eight of nine institutions in Manitoba responded and six of 12 institutions in Saskatchewan. Altogether 17 Alberta post-secondary institutions and 21 in British Columbia responded. There was a lower response rate (six out of 12 institutions) from Saskatchewan. Both universities and the polytechnic responded, but only four out of nine regional colleges. We believe this is because some Saskatchewan regional colleges do not offer their own online or distance education courses. 5 MAIN RESULTS EXTENT OF INSTITUTIONAL PARTICIPATION IN DE AND ONLINE LEARNING Online learning and distance education is clearly alive and well in Canada, with 85% of all Canadian universities and colleges offering distance education and 83% offering online courses for credit in 2016-2017. In almost all cases, distance education is now synonymous in Canada with fully online learning. All 17 responding institutions in Alberta, and all 21 responding institutions in British Columbia, offer distance education/fully online courses for credit. All eight responding institutions in Manitoba offer distance education courses and seven offer online courses for credit. Three of the six responding institutions in Saskatchewan offer distance education/online courses for credit. Even assuming the worst-case scenario that all institutions that did not respond to the questionnaire do not offer online or distance education courses, nevertheless at a minimum 81% of all post-secondary institutions in Alberta and British Columbia, 89% in Manitoba, and 25% in Saskatchewan offer distance education/fully online courses for credit. Online learning is a mature market in most of Western Canada. All responding institutions in Alberta and British Columbia have been offering online courses for at least 10 years. ONLINE COURSE ENROLMENTS There are just over 2 million total students (2,072,368) enrolled across the 234 institutions in our roster, with a majority (1,309,185 or 63% of the total) studying at a Canadian university The 2018 survey indicates that for the academic year 2016-2017: • 17% of Canadian post-secondary students were taking at least one online course for credit; Western Canada has a slightly higher proportion of students, at 20%, taking at least one online course. This is mainly due to Athabasca University, which helps boost the Alberta figure to 28% of all student enrolments taking at least one online course for credit. British Columbia has 16%. Manitoba and Saskatchewan on the other hand are below the national average, at 11% and 12% respectively • Of all credit course enrolments, about 8% were fully online, representing 1.36 million online course registrations. Western Canada is close to the national average. However, Alberta has one of