Case Study: Munich
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INSTITUTE OF ENERGY EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND BUILDING
This publication was created on the basis of student work within the seminar “Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure” in the summer semester 2020 at the Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building. The sole responsability of the content lies with the respective authors.
Source from cover images:
Munich: Philipp Bachhuber via Unsplash Neighbourhoods: Google Maps
- This is a preliminary version of the final publication, created solely for the AJA exhibition on August 13th-16th 2020 - INTRODUCTION Case Study: Munich
This publication presents an overview of the results of the course “Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure. The course was composed by a lecture series and a seminar where students of different fields came together: Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Sustainable Resource Management, and Engineering Ecology.
The lecture series presented detailed views on how to analyse and transform the city with practical, real life examples. Different experts were invited to discuss topics such as urban green infrastructure, water-sensitive neighbourhoods, energy efficient design, Munich future developments, biodiversity and animal-aided design, monitoring and understanding air pollution, and health impacts of urban and transport planning. Those experts provided insights and examples of interventions in Munich and other cities worldwide. They also presented these interdependencies within the city and how necessary it is to act and design built environments from a collaborative and integral approach.
In the seminar, students looked at the city at a small scale: urban fabric, streets, buildings, energy grids, materials, public spaces, quality of the green… Their aim was to find ways to transform the built environment into the most sustainable city Munich can be. How to do it? Which concrete actions should the city take in order to radically move towards a positive ecological footprint?
The seminar approach consisted in a sum of teams that worked as a network –sharing information, discussing in forums, peer-reviewing their ideas- with the aim to understand the city as a whole.
Different topics were studied as interconnected elements that shape our cities and its inhabitant’s lives. Those areas of action had different scales. 3 teams worked around topics with a city scale: ellbeingW and Quality of Life, Climate Protection and Climate Change Adapatation, and Resource Consumption and Waste. 8 teams focused on different neighbourhoods of Munich as case studies to achieve the vision. Each of them studied one neighbourhood and proposed interventions around the following areas of action: Building Structure, Green & Blue Infrastructure, Mobility, and Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment. The selected sites are part of different neighbourhood that have different urban fabric, density, building typology, mobility preference, location within the city with specific surroundings (city centre, river, forest, infrastructure, etc.)
Interaction between the city and the neighbourhood teams was ensured through the figure of the agents.They were a liaison between the two scales and made sure that the priorities and also the wider benefits of the specific actions were taken into accounts. The three “City Level” topics are transversal to the built environment and human´s lives, and therefore in need of a holistic view. Those topics cross all the other areas of action. When designing projects in sectors such as urban planning, mobility, etc., the impacts on health, climate and resources need to be considered.
The seminar was conducted through intense collaborative work, despite the having several students located abroad in countries like China or Canada with different time zones. Both on-site and online city mapping and online workshops were performed via Zoom and the platform Miro. INTRODUCTION Case Study: Munich
The city of Munich was studied in two scales: city scale and neighbourhood scale. 8 different sites were chosen to be analysed and taken as case studies. These selected locations present different characteristics such as density, building type and age, public spaces, etc.
MUNICH: 8 Neighbourhoods N5. Freimann
N4. Obermenzing
N8. Schwabing-West
N3. Alte Kaserne N1. Messestadt-Riem
N6. Schwanthalerhöhe N2. Deutsches Museum - Gärtnerplatz
N7. Neuharlaching
2 scales: city and neighbourhood
3 ctiy topics 8 specific sites as case studies
• Well-being and Quality of Life • N1. Messestadt-Riem • Climate Protection and Climate Change • N2. Deutsches Museum-Gärtnerplatz Adaptation • N3. Alte Kaserne • Resource Consumption and Waste • N4. Obermenzing • N5. Freimann • N6. Schwanthalerhöhe • N7. Neuharlaching • N8. Schwabing-West INTRODUCTION A network approach
The seminar approach was created with a focus in interdisciplinary research and the understanding of interdependent aspects within city planning. Cities are complex environments and, as such, they require network-thinking and a very good communication among teams to find the synergies and maximise impacts when designing new spaces.
Network-thinking
The seminar is a sum of teams (N1, N2, C1...) that work as a network –sharing information, discussing in forums, peer reviewing- with the aim to understand the city as a whole.
Different topics are studied as interconnected elements that shape our cities and its inhabitant’s lives.
Interconnected areas of action
The topics or areas of action that are part of the seminar have different scales. The three “City Level” topics are transversal to the built environment and human´s lives, and therefore in need of a holistic view. Those topics cross all the other areas of action. When designing projects in sectors such as urban planning, mobility, etc., the impacts on e.g. health and climate need to be considered. INTRODUCTION Interdependencies and synergies
A holistic vision towards sustainable environments. This seminar intends to provide our students with the tools to understand the complexities and interdependencies of built environments, a holistic view of the challenges, an ambitious vision for the future and the ability to establish synergies to maximise the impact of their actions.
This „interdependency wheel“ shows how connected the different topics within a city ecosystem are.
The colours of the lines show the direction of the impact, e.g. green spaces and biodiversity (green colour) have a proven impact on health (both physical and mental health). Depending on the approach, more relations or even other factors could be established. INTRODUCTION Content
C1. Well-being and Quality of Life
C2. Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation
C3. Resource Consumption and Waste
N1. Messestadt-Riem • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
N2. Deutsches Museum - Gärtnerplatz • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
N3. Alte Kaserne • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
N4. Obermenzing • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
N5. Freimann • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
N6. Schwanthalerhöhe • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
N7. Neuharlaching • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
N8. Schwabing-West • Building Structure • Green & Bue Infrastructure • Mobility • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
- This is a preliminary version of the publication created solely for the AJA exhibition on August 13th-16th 2020 - Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Well-being and Quality of Life
We want Munich to be a modern, green, healthy, clean and safe city without forgetting its traditional and cultural identity. A place where people of all ages, incomes, genders and cultures have the possibility to live together in equality, happiness and peace.
Relationship with the built environment • Building Structure: - More public spaces help people to connect - Stable housing prices are more conducive to social equality • Green and Blue Infrastructure: - Trees, green roofs and facades add more “green” to the city • Mobility: - increasing pedestrian and cycling ways build a more green, safer and Photo by Yixuan Li (25.06.2020) healthier environment for citizens - More public transport improves the air quality The topic Well-Being is defined as the experience of health, - better accessibility to city facilities happiness and prosperity. This and the quality of life comes provides citizen convenience and with the important factor of health, containing physical, reduce transportation mental and social health. • Energy and Material Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment: Munich is already named one of the most livable cities in the - Renewable energy help build a world. The goal is not just to keep up with the urban cleaner and healthier city expansion and adapt to the climate change over the next Write here the relationship of your years/decades, but to make the city happier and healthier topic to building structure, green and right now - to make it a city for the people. blue infrastructure, mobility, and energy and material efficiency and life cycle assessment.
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Co-benefits on Climate Protection and Climate Change • Physical health: good • Mobility: too little Adaptation healthcare system cycling & pedestrian Sustainable mobility/infrastructure • Mental health: many ways (important for leads to less emission green areas mental, physical and When people have met physical • Safety: low crime rates social health) needs, security needs and social • Public transport is needs, they will pay more attention to overloaded their own value to society, pay more attention to the global climate, and consider it for future generations. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS (Maslow's hierarchy of needs) • Cultural diversity and • Increasing population Co-benefits on Resource openness density Consumption and Waste • Creativity and • Urban expansion When people live in an already clean innovative opportunities • Rising rents and green environment, they will be more inclined to maintain a clean environment and reduce and recycle waste. (Matthew Effect)
Authors: Tabea Horn, Yixuan Li References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation
Our Vision for the City of Munich is to find measures and strategies which support a resilient and sustainable future development. Therefore, we are focusing on main topics in Munich like UHI, floodings, air quality and energy-efficient mobility, production and consumption.
Relationship with the built environment • Building Structure: - Microclimate in and around buildings - UHI: energy efficiency of buildings - building materials and roof space of buildings • Green and Blue Infrastructure: - redesign of sewer system to tackle upcoming flooding problems (sponge city) Ackermannbogen: Sustainable neighbourhood with solar energy, - shading, evaporation, geothermal heating and urban greening (source: own picture) transpiration, cooling effect In 2019 the City of Munich officially declared a State of - green areas in cities (rooftops, walls, roadsides, parks) Emergency in terms of Climate Change. To counteract the arising risks, the Öko-Institut e.V. prepared an Expert Report • Mobility: “Klimaschutzziel und- strategie München 2050” including local - car-free quarters action strategies like the obligation to use solar energy for all - introduction of electrical buses municipal buildings. Our Goal is to further develop existing in public transportation action and support programmes by pointing out measures for - make riding bikes more Climate Protection and Adaptation, integrating resilient and attractive sustainable strategies into the City of Munich and showing • Energy and Material Efficiency and different synergies and co-benefits. Life Cycle Assessment: - cradle to cradle mentality - lower GHG emissions (renewable energy, energy STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES efficiency)
• Water treatment/- • Natural hazards Co-benefits on Well-being and quality • Lack of bike paths Quality of Life • urban greening • Future shortage of • Tackling UHI results in reducing • renewable energy groundwater health risks usage • Non-use of rooftop • social concern and surfaces • urban greening, positive effect on awareness respiratory diseases • pocket parks as hot spots for people influences quality of life OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Co-benefits on Resource • Mobility regulations • Urban Heat Island in Consumption and Waste • Energy independence city centre • Public transportation • Heavy rains • better building design in terms of (e-mobility) seasons/flooding building physics (passive design) • Integration of • Industrial waste reduces resource consumption sustainable measures • Storms (hail, wind) • renewable energy can reduce for the future waste consumption
Authors: Alexander Witzinger, Srdjan Lazic References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich
Source: Google Earth Messestadt-Riem was built in the 90's and is located in the east of Munich. This neighbourhood is 7 km away from the city center and it takes 20 minutes by taking the metro, which provides a good balance between the city- and suburban feeling. It has an area of 560 hectares that are filled with a lot of shops, schools and 16.000 resident spaces with 111 nationalities. Furthermore, this place benefits from the proximity from the Riemer Park, the Messe and Technology-Park.
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
Well-Being is strongly connected to physical, social, mental ● Ensure road safety health and happiness. In order to address these factors, it is ● Clean environment necessary to improve the outdoor/environmental comfort like Create social places for an atmos- security, noise level, cleanliness and social interaction in the ● Messestadt Riem. If the corresponding measures are phere of unity, e.g. parks or bars implemented, the image and social cohesion can be ● Crime reduction - Away from the improved, so that a high quality of life can be ensured. bad image to a good reputation Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation Prioritized objectives
Messestadt-Riem , a landscaped band of 400 meters wide, ● Reduce GHG emissions. with sufficient ‘‘fresh air glade’’ ( City of Munich 1995,2010). ● Priority public transports and The geothermal plant can meet the heat facilities for most of Bicycle. the Buildings. Most of the families use Private cars for Combine mobility stations mobility so CHG emissions are increasing by using private ● cars. ● Backyard gardening for more green space. Resource Consumption and Waste Prioritized objectives
Messestadt-Riem already constitutes a great example of ● Repair and exchange shops land reuse from the former airport, and it was the first ● Permanent local market geothermal project of München, still providing heat for the Awareness on waste management neighbourhood. ● However, it is a consumption place where the only meeting ● New buildings: pilot project using point is the shopping center Riem Arcaden. demolition waste
Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Messestadt-Riem Building Structure
How to adapt the given structure to the actual needs of the residents – especially of our target group (families with children) - in order to make the area more livable and to create a community?
Age distribution of residents
Source: own picture Source: own illustrated graph, data cf. references
Challenges Synergies
Messestadt-Riem is one of Munich´s youngest neighborhoods. Of Building Structure with It was intended to be the city´s sample urban planning project. The structure of separated residentials and green spots • Mobility: higher attractiveness of should create a transition from one to another area to make public spaces next to streets due life outside the own four walls possible. A mixture of social to less cars; vitalizing streets, housings, rentals and freeholds should attract different bringing people out of their homes population groups. Many playgrounds and childcares show • Green and Blue Infrastructure: that the neighborhood was designed for a high number of creation of attractive public spaces young children. for residents in harmony with However, the implementation has failed. Due to the environment separation, the streets seem sparsely populated. There are • Energy: importance of only few public meeting places. There are not many offers and sustainability; more efficient and facilities for teenagers and young adults. Additionally, over the generative systems in residential years, the proportion of families in need and rate of buildings to increase attractivity unemployment has increased that Riem copes with socio- demographic challenges. Wider Benefits It seems that the neighborhood can offer a lot and has a potential but not responding to the resident´s needs. • Well-being and Quality of Life: higher Quality of live due to a Description of action livable area; lower crime rate due In order to adapt the structure to the needs, they first were to less anonymity determined. We conducted interviews with inhabitants to get • Climate Protection and Climate to know the neighborhood and its needs. Conversations with Change Adaptation: less CO2 residents revealed for example that outdoor places to meet, emission due to local social life cafés and come-togethers are missing. • Resource consumption and waste: With regards to the overall concept of the area and the wishes less waste due to identity with of the respondents, the current state was analyzed and community; less pollution due to solutions for a more livable Riem were developed. more dustbins; adapting unused We selected less used locations that are suitable for e.g. a areas instead of creating café or meeting place and make them more inviting. Our something new suggestions are visualized and shown on a map.
Authors: Katharina Kögl, Vanessa Neumair, Theresa Jell
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Messestadt-Riem Green and Blue Infrastructure
How green infrastructure as passive system can save energy of buildings?
Quick Facts
Total Green Area = 35 %
Green Area per Capita = 111 m2
Proximity to green areas = within 500m
Green Roofs = 72%
Total blue area = 0.126 Km2
Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies
Extreme weather conditions are becoming frequent specially Building envelope such as green in cities due to urban heat island effect. Due to climate change facades and green roofs plays a great it is predicted that average temperature in Munich would rise role in reducing ambient energy 5 ° C till 2100 and to increase in urban desnsity there would transfer. Therefore, there is a 13 more days with temperature greater than 30° C per year. interconnection between green facades Therefore, building envelope (green facades) can play a and the energy topic as green facades critical role in defending acute weather conditions, which is reduce the energy consumption of lacking in our neigbourhood. The trees and green stock on buildings. Green facade acts as a the streets and in the courtyard are present, but they lack barrier against noise pollution so it is social attractiveness. also interrelated with the mobility part.
Description of action Wider Benefits
• Based on the local climate condition two species for green • Improving the quality of life by façade, English ivy and deciduous specie (Boston ivy) are improving air quality as it screens identified. out particulate matter. • Most of the prevailing wind is from East and West • Reduction of noise pollution. direction, so its suitable to place English ivy in this • Contributing to psychological orientation, as it is evergreen throughout the year. wellbeing and improve the • Deciduous ivy (boston ivy) is suitable to place on the aesthetics of the city. south orientation because it allows direct solar radiation, • Reduction of urban heat island as its leaves falls in winter. effect. • Selection of the Green Vertical Systems of Buildings. • Reduce energy consumption of buildings.
Authors: Maaz Hussain, Dana Khdairat, Mohamed Elzahani References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Messestadt Riem Mobility
How can residents in Messestadt Riem be persuaded to reduce private car usage for daily commutes and to switch to active sustainable ways of travelling like cycling or walking instead?
Quick Facts:
About 11% of the area of Messestadt Riem are traffic area. Traffic facilities of Messestadt Riem are generally in very good condition. The motorization degree of private vehicles in the district Trudering Riem is the second highest in the city of Munich Messestadt Riem is well connected through public transport. The residential area is 100% a traffic calm zone (blue zone).
Source: Photo by Julián Hoyos Daza
Challenges Synergies
Messestadt Riem creates a safe atmosphere for all People`s mobility decisions are closely participants in the transportation system, but a closer look linked to the topics of urban planning reveals that life on the roads can be very monotonous and and green infrastructure. colorless. Roads have been planned and built on a large scale, but without attention to emotional design factors. The closer the destination, the more Long, straight cycle and footpaths without visually appealing likely people are to walk or cycle. features along the way can make distances seem infinite. Therefore accessibility of green spaces, social activities and facilities of daily interest is a significant factor Description of action of people’s mobility behavior. The goal is that residents stay within the In accordance with the action strategies for traffic and area for their requirements instead of mobility of the study "Climate Protection Goal and Strategy using a car going to other places far Munich 2050", which aim to shift and reduce traffic, we away. intend to advance projects empowering residents of Messestadt to choose active transportation modes over Wider benefits individual motorized traffic. Therefore, our work centers around making the existing cycle and footpaths lively and Well-being and quality of Life: interesting. Active daily movement will improve people’s health Subjective design factors strongly influence people's choice condition. Spending more of transportation. If residents are to be encouraged to use time outdoor on visually active modes of transport, it is crucial to provide for safe and appealing streets can also recreational experiences on the road at the same time. improve mental health. Climate Protection and Climate Interesting and attractive roads will lead to the acceptance Change Adaptation: a reduction of farther distances as commuters enjoy the experience of car fumes will reduce GHG along the way. Therefore, visually attractive surroundings emissions and improve air quality. and street furniture contribute greatly to peoples’ choice of Resource consumption and waste: walking or cycling. A decisive factor is the adjustment of the a reduction of car usage will cut structural facilities to suit the needs to commuters. fuel consumption and minimize Essentially, the quality of the street space is significantly private car ownership influenced by small-scale elements at eye level.
Authors: Katharina Peter, Julián Hoyos Daza
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Messestadt-Riem Energy
How can we improve the CO2-balance of residential buildings by implementing more energy efficient and renewable systems in order to extend the pioneer status of the exhibition centre to the entire Messestadt-Riem?
Quick Facts
• One of the largest PV-plants in the world (exhibition centre) [2] Ø 1,1 million kWh/year [3]
• Heat supply: island local heating network with geothermal energy
Ø Savings: 12.000 tCO2/year [4]
• Minimum energetic building standard: WSVO 1995 [5]
Geothermal Plant Messestadt Riem [1]
Challenges Synergies The “Neue Messe München” can save thousands of tons of The most relevant intersection of CO2 every year with innovative and sufficient energy systems topics is e-mobility. In particular, the and infrastructure. Overall, the energy saving potential has excess electricity generated can be been reduced to less than 10%. Therefore, it received the used to charge vehicle’s batteries. “Energy Efficient Company Award” and reached a pioneer Conversely, the in this way stored status. [2] energy can also be fed back into the For residential buildings there is also a great solar potential, power grid. In this way, the electricity but there are only two PV-systems at the moment [6][7]. In generated by photovoltaics can be contrast to the Messe, there is a great potential for expansion. stored and at the same time As far as energy efficiency is concerned, some passive (e-)mobility can get more sustainable. houses already exist, but the majority of the houses especially from the first construction phase have an outdated energy Wider Benefits standard. This means that they have a significantly higher • Well-being and Quality of Life: heating requirement. [5] Ø Lower energy burden Description of action Ø Easy and comfortable energy system control Our goal is to achieve a pioneer status for the entire • Climate Protection and Climate Messestadt-Riem. That’s the reason why we are focusing on Change Adaptation: improving the CO2 balance of the residential buildings. Ø Reduction of the greenhouse Measures: gas effect • Resource consumption and waste: • Integration of flexible & adaptable energy systems Ø Conservation of resources • Implementation of latest technologies through geothermal heat and • Upgrading existing buildings to minimize their heating PV-systems demand (especially in the first construction phase) • Planning of all new buildings at least in passive house Due to energetic situation, the standard Messestadt can count as a model for • Implementation of photovoltaic systems Munich’s energy turnaround.
Authors: Helene Chemnitz, Kai Roth, Sebastian Wohlmannstetter
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Deutsches Museum - Gärtnerplatz
Source: Google Earth
Deutsches Museum – Gärtnerplatz is one of the most famous residential neighborhoods in munich with a big nightlife and culture scene. As a lot of parts in the city center it is a densely build-up area. Its goal is the closeness to the river “Isar”. There are many qualities and weaknesses and especially many opportunities to find in the neighborhood Deutsches Museum – Gärtnerplatz.
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
As our neighborhood is located in the center of munich • Green areas it suffers high population and high building density in • Combining solar panels and addition to another negative impacts like lack of green green roofs areas, cost of housing, high energy demand and heavy • Decreasing heavy traffic “Car traffic volume. To overcome such impacts, efficient free-zones” methods and solutions are to be discussed to be • New social interaction spaces implemented in the future as all the suggested Prioritized objectives solutions are factor of well-being and quality of life.
Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation Prioritized objectives
Prioritized objectives Our neighborhood accompanies negative impacts on • Urban Heat Island the UHI, pollution and flooding through its building • Pollution typology, traffic, urban density and fabric etc. The fact, • Flooding that most of the neighborhood is in private property • Renewable energies
depicts challenges since those owners pursue other interests. Nevertheless, there is a huge potential due its location and closeness to the Isar. Prioritized objectives
Resource Consumption and Waste Prioritized objectives
The green area and the sign is a traffic circle which is • reducing street waste already saying a lot about this inner-city N. You find • bike streets many cars, people, stores, restaurants, bars, cafés • green infrastructure and their waste on the streets. Especially with covid-19 • increasing the recycling the use of single-use items is increasing. A big
potential is the quantity of parking spaces and their reuse. Prioritized objectives Authors: Ahmed Mohamed, Pinar Ali and Franziska Bosl
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Deutsches Museum - Building Structure Gärtnerplatz Focus Topic: Affordable Housing - Gentrification. What measures can be applied to protect or even improve the affordable housing situation in an urban area, where gentrification processes are already taking place?
Quick Facts
Preservation Statue [1]
• A small part of the district is protected under the preservation statue.
Rent Prices (€/m2) [2, pp. 8, 17]
• First Time: 20.37, 24.49 • Re-rent: 18.67, 21.46
(Blue: Munich, Green: District)
Source: own photograph
Challenges Synergies
There are four main challenges in the district: Urban heat island Green and Blue Infrastructure: effect, unaffordable housing situation, lack of public spaces and Improving the social interaction of new unsustainable building materials. The district is experiencing a and old residents by increasing the modernization process due to high construction activity in the number of green spaces. area. New construction works make the current situation more Mobility: unaffordable as the rent and property prices rise significantly. Supporting mobility infrastructure Thus, as the area transforms, social structure in the district through urban development contracts. transforms as well. The local culture is changing due to influx of new residents, who are generally from upper classes. Our Energy: research focusses on how the construction activity in the area Reduction of ancillary housing costs by using a decentralized energy network affects the social mix and what kind of measures can be taken with renewable energies. to avoid/slow down gentrification.
Description of action Wider Benefits
1- Affordable Housing Fund [3, p. 37] • Well-being and Quality of Life: Funding system to support local shop owners and residents -Protecting social diversity in the from low-moderate income. district. 2- Converting Public Buildings to Affordable Housing Units [4] -Affordable and high-quality Moving the public facilities out of the district and using the housing. area/buildings for affordable housing. • Climate Protection and Climate 3- Preservation Statue Change Adaptation: Extension of the preservation statue. -As a result of building a strong 4- Better Tenancy Rights [5, p. 72] community, collective action can Revision of the rent brake for new rental agreements, in which be taken for construction of climate the exception rules are reduced, and legal enforceability is adaptive buildings. made easier. • Resource consumption and waste: 5- Monitoring and Community Organizations [6, pp. 16, 17] -Focusing on renovation of old Regular analysis with respect to the provided criteria list. buildings to reduce consumption.
Authors: Sabrina Majewski, Baris Omer Balota References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Deutsches Museum - Green and Blue Infrastructure Gärtnerplatz
How can micro green and blue infrastructure most efficiently meet the needs of residents in the context of the social dimension of sustainability?
Quick Facts
• ≈ 5.6% of quarter is public green spaces
• ≈ 8% of quarter does not have public green space within 300m
• No public playgrounds observed
• Most buildings/courtyards are private property [1]
Potential Spot for Micro Green Blue Infrastructure (own photo, 2020)
Challenges Synergies
The Gärtnerplatz-Quarter is a highly dense urban • Building structure: neighborhood just south of the Munich city center. In the Increment tax on higher income context of green blue infrastructure, this quarter is severely could help fund micro green blue lacking in sufficient and accessible green blue spaces. In infrastructure addition, the lack of public land ownership results in further • Mobility: challenges in creating additional green blue spaces [1]. With reduced traffic fewer parking Because of these challenges, traditional solutions for creating spots are needed and could be urban green and blue spaces are not practically feasible. We used as space for micro green believe these challenges may also be experienced in many blue infrastructure dense urban communities. Therefore, we present an • Energy: PVs on urban furniture and innovative and novel urban greening and bluing solution that connection of micro green blue can also be adapted in other dense urban contexts. infrastructure to the energy grid Description of action Wider Benefits These challenges necessitate a new concept in green blue infrastructure known as micro green blue infrastructure [2]. • Well-being and Quality of Life: The goal of micro green blue infrastructures is to collectively Increased opportunities for mental provide residents similar benefits as larger green blue spaces restoration and social interaction (the scope of this paper only includes the social dimension of • Climate Protection and Climate sustainability). The research paper firstly defines these spaces Change Adaptation: to be smaller than 300 m2 (the area in which micro green blue Creation of microclimates for infrastructure can reasonably be realized without major improved comfort, which also have modifications to the built environment). Then the paper an impact on the Urban Heat investigates how to efficiently plan green and blue elements Island effect 2 within spaces of 300 m , based on select indicators. For • Resource consumption and waste: example, trees with low lying branches can lead to a larger Space efficient green space model perceived space [3]. Finally, this investigation will provide and provides an opportunity for recommendations to decision-makers and planners regarding rainwater collection the successful design of micro green blue infrastructure.
Authors: Joshua Huang, Dominik Kos References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Deutsches Museum - Mobility Gärtnerplatz
How can emissions and noise pollution, as well as the other negative side effects of motorized traffic, be reduced, while maintaining and insuring a high level of mobility
Modal Split Isarvorstadt [%]
Synergies
There will be a lot of free space Planned neighborhood traffic layout created. This can be used to establish Challenges new green areas, which will help with the urban heat island effect in the The neighborhood has bad air quality and suffers from a lot of quarter among other things. Less noise pollution. Both of those points are connected to the high traffic will make the green areas more amount of motorized traffic. The main challenge is to minimize inviting because traffic noise will be those pollutions while maintaining a high level of mobility. reduced significantly. Since the quarter is very central, space is highly limited. Therefore, prioritizations in means of transportation need to be Wider Benefits made. There is a big lack of bicycle infrastructure. • Well-being and Quality of Life: Description of action - Less noise pollution and less human health harming gases Our main goal is to create a motorized-traffic free emitted by motorized vehicles. neighborhood in the center of Munich. Only the borders of the - More green areas will help neighborhood will still be accessible by motorized vehicles to improving the air quality. ensure connectivity of the residents. To keep the high level of - Reducing stress by car traffic. mobility other means of transportation will be upgraded and - Create infrastructure for active improved. A lot of new bicycle infrastructure will be built. transportation Those will have a higher attractiveness as well as better safety • Climate Protection and Climate features. Apart from cycling, our plan aims to stimulate Change Adaptation:
walking as another active transportation alternative. Since the - Less CO2 emitted, which will quarter is in the longest route 1,2 km wide, the entire quarter help fighting climate change. is easily accessible by foot. To keep Gärtnerplatz free of - More green areas will also
motorized traffic, the public bus system of the lines 52 & 62 bind CO2. must be rearranged. It will now be relocated to the bordering • Resource consumption and waste: streets of the neighborhood. The plan that we create should - Use of electric vehicles like serve as an example for the neighboring quarters. buses, as a more sustainable Furthermore, transportation systems are to be organized on a resource to use than petrol or city scale for a maximized effect. This is a part of Munich’s diesel fuel. neighborhood-oriented marketing of sustainable multimodal - More efficient use of space as mobility services in its CIVITAS 2020 project. a resource.
Authors: David Lichtenwalter, Desislava Apostolova References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Deutsches Museum - Energy and Material Efficiency and LCA Gärtnerplatz Is an integration of a decentralized energy grid possible in the Gärtnerplatz-Quarter and could self-sufficiency be achieved by that?
Quick Facts
A decentralized energy grid is the combination of distributed energy generation and microgrids [1].
Benefits [1]:
• Environmentally sustainable • Less vulnerable to security risk • Self-sufficiency of an area possible • Transition to renewable energies more profitable and faster
Houses with potential for solar panels (own photo, 2020)
Challenges Synergies
The neighbourhood lies in the centre of Munich in a very Providing renewable energies dense area. This reduces the available space for influences the other parts of implementing changes. A large share of the houses was built sustainable urban planning. Indeed, in the 1860s, having a high heating demand (~100 GWh/a for energy relates to building structure by the whole neighbourhood) provided mainly by central gas the thermal improvement of buildings’ heating [2,3]. With only two solar installations, there is almost envelope. Regarding the mobility part, no renewable energy production on site. A main challenge is it is linked to energy by the therefore the primarily fossil-based energy production. development of e-mobility in our neighbourhood. Finally, green and blue Description of action infrastructure decreases the heat We analysed the possibility of installing renewable energies island effect and therefore the energy (i.e. solar energy, energy from waste and hydraulic energy) in demand for cooling and also increases a decentralized grid in the neighbourhood. We found a high thermal comfort throughout the year. potential for solar energy, with up to 14 GWh/a of electricity Wider Benefits that could be produced on site [4, 5]. In small-scale digesters, the locally produced organic waste can provide 180 MWh/a of • Well-being and Quality of Life: energy [6, 7]. A hydropower plant in the Isar close to the site Reduction of air pollution through already today provides the city with 10.5 GWh/a [8]. renewable energies • Climate Protection and Climate As stated in the quick facts section, a decentralized grid has Change Adaptation: Reduction of many benefits. Combining it with renewable energies depicts a greenhouse gases through powerful transition for quarters and cities. However, the renewable energies combination of high energy demand and dense structure • Resource consumption and waste: makes its implementation difficult in our quarter. Yet, through Usage of locally produced organic ambitious refurbishment, the energy demand can be lowered waste to generate energy in a to 26 GWh/a, which the locally produced renewable energy digester could potentially cover [3].
Authors: Lisa Tallin, Tanja Stocker
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Alte Kaserne
Source: Google Earth
Alte Kaserne is a heterogeneous and central neighborhood, about 3 km away from Maxvorstadt, which is 11 minutes cycling. The neighborhood lacks blue areas, as well as tourist attractions. Public transportation is also limited in Alte Kaserne. There is high energy consumption in the area due to low building insulation. Alte Kaserne has a community garden, which support the urban farming in the area.
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
Alte Kaserne includes educational facilities and green Blue areas areas (community gardens). There is also a Implementing clinics and supermarket, a wellness center and three transit bus pharmacies stops. Regarding the weaknesses, no blue areas, no More tourist attractions hospitals or pharmacies, which raises the danger of Carrying out 2 bus stations death or serious illness.
Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation Prioritized objectives
There is no usage of green roofs or facades, also no Cooling and drinking fountains segregated bike paths, which increases the risks for Specific parking areas to prevent pedestrians and no due care for blue areas. The curbside parking. curbside parking of private cars hinders the optimum Constructing separated bike usage of land for greening and passive transportation. lanes. One more issue is marginalizing the utilization of PV and solar panel systems renewable energy. installation for heat and electricity Resource Consumption and Waste Prioritized objectives
The stores in Alte Kaserne sell their products with Packaging-free stores excess packaging material generating waste. The poor Recycling land through the insulation of the neighborhood buildings is causing construction of a water square energy to be wasted. At least three areas have been Increasing the energy efficiency identified as having poor quality or are not being used. of buildings by thermal insulation There is a high density of recycling points in the area, PV infrastructure for the bus stop which are accessible to the inhabitants.
Authors: Ahmed Abdalaziz, Mohamed Abdelsabour, Felipe Vega References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Alte Kaserne Building Structure
How can the existing buildings be converted, upgraded or extended with sustainable and renewable materials in such a way that residents and passers-by of all ages can identify more with this neighborhood?
Source: Google maps Source: CAD map analysis
Challenges Synergies
• Monocultural Architecture • Green and Blue Infrastructure: • Lack of Leisure and Cultural Activities Green Roofs and Facades • Lack of climate responsive design • Mobility: Reduce Parking Spaces • Insufficient Use of Existing Green Spaces for Increase Effective Area Social Interaction Barrier-free Buildings • No Age-appropriate Accessibility • Energy and LCA: • Scarcity of Healthcare Facilities Installation of Solar Systems Using Energy-efficient Material Longer Life-cycle of Materials Description of action: Multicultural Architecture Wider Benefits The goal is to transform the monocultural area of the “Alte Kaserne” into a multicultural one. • Well-being and Quality of Life: Increase of Social Interaction In order to reach the goal a new concept development of the Healthier Lifestyle ground floors and facades are needed. The focus point will be Environmental Attractiveness the outlying areas of the neighborhood, that will be converted Sense of Belonging and Public into small shops, restaurants, cafes with an open structure by Participation using vertical instead of horizontal facades. Those facades will • Climate Protection and Climate be created out of 100% renewable and recyclable materials in Change Adaption: order to achieve maximum performance with minimum Passive Heating / Ventilation intervention. Moreover, the elderly of this neighborhood will Passive Lighting also be considered by improving the existing buildings with Long Lasting Materials sufficient barrier-free flats, shops and public spaces for social • Resource Consumption and interaction between the residents. (Gehl, 2010). Waste: In the end a colorful, interactive framework is formed around Materials Life Cycle the family structure starting at the heart of “Alte Kaserne”, Assessment which will allow every person of every age to identify with this Use of Renewable Materials neighborhood. (Gehl & Birgitte Svarre, 2013). Recycling Material
Authors: Eva Zerwes, Duyen Dao, Andres Grisales
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Alte Kaserne Green and Blue Infrastructure
How to improve health and wellbeing of residents through the enhancement of green spaces between the building stock?
Quick Facts
Exposure to green area has a positive effect in mental health and decreases the levels of psychiatric morbidity [1]. Studies have shown that the increase of green areas is associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality [1]. Availability of green spaces contributes immensely to the happiness of the residents [2].
Source: own picture (Estefania Michelle Perez Chavez)
Challenges Synergies
The neighborhood Alte Kaserne offers around 30 % of green Green & Blue Infrastructure (GBI) have spaces to its residents. Despite the great coverage of green been incorporated to be a fundamental area, private sport grounds and private community gardens part of modern urban design for its take up a large percentage of these areas. There are many benefits on mental health. trees and a lot of green spaces left between the building stock, Furthermore, GBI have been proved to but unfortunately, they are often empty lawns which do not mitigate the impacts of air pollution invite to any activity or interaction with the community. from the transport sector [5]. Finally, GBI help to control the temperatures of Therefore, we analyzed the green spaces that showed the summertime hence they reduce the lowest quality level and researched for enhancement solutions energy consumption from mechanical that will improve the health and well-being of the residents. systems. Description of action Wider Benefits Since urban lifestyle can have a negative impact on the Results from a green space mental health of its residents, we decided to implement a enhancement in the neighborhood are: biophilic design concept on currently idle green spaces among the building stocks to improve the psychological wellbeing of Contributions to recreation, social nearby households [3,4]. The actions are as follow: interaction and biophilia to improve physical & mental health of the Plant urban mini forests residents Plant flowered lawns and fruit trees A simultaneously improvement for For our research, we will focus on the benefits of nature-like the reduction of heatwaves and green spaces to mental health and approaches for temperature variation implementation. Improve water retention in soil Reduce air pollution
Authors: Estefania Michelle Perez Chavez, Li Chou, Edina Bajrami
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Alte Kaserne Mobility
What effects does have lack of public transport and space invasion in the accessibility in Alte Kaserne?
Quick Facts
Only 27% of the road network in the Alte Kaserne is covered by public transport
44% of the road network (including pedestrian paths) have exclusive bike paths.
43.8 Ha (Alte Kaserne) have a single Subway station
Source: own picture/drawing
Challenges Synergies
The Alte Kaserne is a mostly residential area, where the public Building Stuctures: Accessible sport
transport offer is all located on the outskirts of the fields and public spaces for social neighborhood (3 tram stations and one subway station). In the interaction, More distances between entire interior area, only road adaptations are observed for houses. private vehicles, the use of bicycles, skateboards and walking. Green and blue infrastructure: This imply that people who do not have access to a private Improve connectivity to nearby green vehicle or a bicycle, have to walk between 600 m to more than space and quality of the paths 1 km just to reach a public transport station. Energy Material, Efficiency and LCA: “Electric car charging stations” The aforementioned condition leads to an overuse of spaces promoted in the quarter. (electric car for parking vehicles and bicycles, this situation is even more charging stations) difficult given the simultaneous execution of construction works in the area, therefore, the invasion of space by parking Wider Benefits and works affects directly accessibility the neighborhood. Well-being and Quality of Life: Description of action Public transport and bike over private vehicle leads to Less traffic The first solution is, of course, the creation (or expansion) of a congestion, Less noise, More space bus line that has stops inside the neighborhood, however, for walking there are factors that could justify why this line does not yet Climate Protection and Climate exist (E.g. Distribution of population, space and importance of Change Adaptation: Using active interior roads, etc.). A look at accessibility in the neighborhood transportation systems (e.g. bikes, could reveal how critical the situation is in this regard, and walking,..) and renewable energy furthermore, how many people in the total population are really dependent vehicles (TRAM, electric affected by the current conditions and / or how many do not vehicle ) helps to reach neutral have access to a particular vehicle, bicycle or skateboard. carbon concept. Therefore, the creation of a set of accessibility maps of the Alte Kaserne is proposed for different conditions of public Resource consumption and waste: transport offer and occupation of the space would be useful, Migrating to e-vehicles whose parts this information can be combined with results of surveys can be recycled after their functional carried out on residents and pedestrians. life and also for public transport.
Authors: Rodriguez Urrea, Jeisson Esteban
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Alte Kaserne Energy and Material Efficiency and LCA
Which temperature control design guideline suggested by Climate Consultant can be incorporated into the rehabilitation of existing multi-family houses and apartment blocks to increase energy efficiency in Alte Kaserne?
Quick Facts
Multifamily homes & Apartment Blocks
Constructed after WWII
Central Gas Heating [1]
Highly inefficient:128-140 kWh/(m2a) [1]
Heating and Hot Water account for 67.1% and 15.9%, respectively, of End Energy Consumption in Germany [2]
Source: own picture/drawing
Challenges Synergies
In Alte Kaserne the multi-family house and apartment block Using sustainable and renewable buildings were built between 1949-1957, are inefficient, and materials in Building Structure results have minimal or no climate responsive technologies [1], [3]. in buildings that residents identify with,
are energy efficient, and store CO2. Description of action Enhancing the Green and Blue Climate Consultant’s Design Guidelines: 8 can be Infrastructure with biophilic designs or incorporated, 5 require further investigation, 7 should not be urban forests minimizes the need for incorporated. The guidelines that can be incorporated are split large inefficient private spaces within into two suggested courses of action. residential buildings. Minimize Heat Loss: • Walls: improve u-value by installing a thermal insulation Wider Benefits composite system (ETICS) [1] Well-being and Quality of Life: high- • Windows: replace single glazing with triple glazing [1], [4] quality indoor comfort can be provided • Roofs: set insulation layer on the outside of the enclosure by improving air quality and structure; install a high-quality ventilation system to maintaining comfortable indoor exhaust the hot air out of the attic [1], [4] temperatures. • Floors: install insulation on and under the floor [1] Climate Protection and Climate Manage Heat Gain: Change Adaptation: energy efficient • Heating supply system: replace existing gas central temperature control systems help heating with a high-efficiency one; introduce active and reduce CO2 and other GHG passive solar heating systems [1], [4] concentrations. • Ventilation: install mechanical ventilation with heat recovery [1] Resource consumption and waste: using energy-from-waste to power Minimizing losses and managing gains could reduce energy temperature control systems ensures needs by at least 60% (consumption: 27.0-52.7kWh/m2a) [1]. all available energy is utilized.
Authors: Gerda Cones, Yue Zhang
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Obermenzing
Source: Google Earth
Obermenzing is a residential area located at the north-west of Munich. It is considered as a sophisticated and calm area with low sound pollution levels. The neighborhood is characterized by both single and multi-family houses with private gardens and plenty of green areas. There is a good traffic connection to the city center and to local recreation areas within close range, like “Schlosspark Nymphenburg”, “Am Durchblick”, “Eichgehölz” and the “Würm” river.
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
In the latest development, single-family houses with • Health and Safety gardens are disappearing and being replaced by multi- • Accessibility (Public Spaces, family houses at the expense of private garden Facilities, Public Transport,
spaces. This means more inhabitants, less green Healthcare System, Schools…) areas and more traffic. The challenge is to manage • Capacity of common Facilities this change without compromising the quality of life. • Adjustment of Traffic Concept Prioritized objectives . Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation Prioritized objectives
Compared to other communities, Obermenzing is • Climate Change Adaptation characterized as environmentally friendly and has a Measures large area of green space. But high use of private cars Prioritized• Centralized objectives parking lots
has caused more GHG emissions, meanwhile lots of • Unsealing Pavement cars park along the street, occupying the space and • Return space to green and blue creating congestion. The challenge is how to use the infrastructure space efficiently and return it to green infrastructure. Prioritized objectives Resource Consumption and Waste . Prioritized objectives
A serene residential neighborhood, with a good • Low Emission Neighborhood
waste disposal system with a high amount of • Sustainable Mobility (Modal shift ) private car users, leading to traffic congestion and • Zero Waste (Ban of plastics) Prioritized objectives greenhouse gas emissions. Shopping facilities are • Public Enlightenment and at a close range, residents have a high Awareness on Waste Prevention consumption pattern. The goal is to change the consumption pattern of residents. Prioritized objectives
Authors: Andres Alarcon, Yuzhong Hu, Name Adejumoke Lanisa . References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Prioritized objectives Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Obermenzing Building Structure
Implementing strategies to change Obermenzing into an inclusive, lively, and sustainable neighborhood, while facing a high density, very limited free spaces, exclusion by fences and hedges and a big distribution of ages.
Quick Facts
• Big distribution of ages, high density • Single-family households • Private ground (fences, hedges, green) • solid buildings, 2-3 floors • unrewarding offers of facilities (cultural/ health/ educational) • Very little offers of (public) spaces • Quiet and peaceful neighborhood
Source: own picture edited to represent potential in Obermenzing
Challenges Synergies
The neighborhood seems to be very green and peaceful. By • Mobility: In order to quickly and taking a closer look, it can be ascertained that all classes of effectively solve the shortage of age live in this area. A Lack of adequate facilities are given, education, medical and cultural neither cultural, nor health nor educational. Even though resources, the improvement of public Obermenzing is surrounded by famous public areas, this transport (frequencies and connections), enable residents to neighborhood is characterized by limited free spaces and enjoy resources in other districts. nearly no possibility to stay outside of your private ground, • Green and blue infrastructure: By which is separated by fences. Therefore, it seems to be an adding sports facility in the public exclusive and private neighborhood. green space, people are encouraged to do more outdoor sports, which can Description of action decrease the risk of circulatory system disease. To improve the given situation, the implementation of strategies for more diversity and use of attractive public Wider Benefits spaces helps to enliven the neighborhood. The main focus will be on three different areas to meet general demands of a • C1 Well-Being: “tearing down the lively city and its people. Furthermore, the improvement of the walls” will lead to a livelier free public ground will enhance the climate, e.g. by reducing neighborhood and will enhance the the impermeable areas. By building a new café/kiosk at the cohesion of residents to strengthen playground, students and adults will be attracted for social their senses of community interaction. Opening of an outdoor sports area will draw • C2 Climate Protection: reduction of residents to do workouts together and will benefit their health. impermeable spaces combats the By covering unused space with a small kind of botanical risk of flooding and loss of property; garden, with benches outside in-between beautiful flowers Increasement of Biodiversity (see picture above), the creation of a space for social • C3 Waste: reuse of demolition waste interaction and relaxation will be done. Small exhibitions, and kiosk without packing; concerts or movie-nights could put more use into one facility Preference of refurbishment over and enhance the social cohesion. demolition
Authors: Saurav Chauhan, Sabine Fleischmann, Lei Jin References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Obermenzing Green and Blue Infrastructure
How can the accessibility to surrounding recreational areas be improved via the implementation of green and blue axes through the neighbourhood district?
Quick Facts
Lots of green infrastructure (GI); most is private property Limited shading in the streets No blue infrastructure Little space for social interaction Limited accessibility to the current recreational areas Potential for increasing accessibility to surrounding GI
Source: Matthias Kretzler
Challenges Synergies
Obermenzing already has GI in the form of large and old Creating green axes significantly trees, hedges, and other vegetation; however, this is largely influences the traffic. The quality for limited to private properties. Since the majority of buildings are motorists is reduced and for detached and semi-detached houses, many residents are able pedestrians and cyclists increased. to relax in their own gardens. Additionally, there are hardly any Furthermore, the construction of recreational areas for activities requiring a larger radius of bridges, trees and other infrastructural movement and for residents with smaller plots of land. The elements affects the building structure, public spaces remain very limited and are heavily restricted to as this requires the already rare public traffic areas, some of which have little vegetation. Moreover, space. In addition, the rainwater runoff there is no blue infrastructure neither natural nor artificial. is reduced, and the storage capacity of the soil is increased, which relieves the Description of action burden on sewage treatment plants.
We want to implement several green axes throughout Wider Benefits Obermenzing. These green axes would be implemented on selected streets in the neighbourhood. Selected streets would Well-being and Quality of Life: be transformed by enhancing street greening e.g. trees and - more space for social contacts bushes on curb extensions. The locations of the axes are - better air quality determined by the ability to improve the connection to the Climate Protection and Climate surrounding GI and by the identified GI needs. As a result of Change Adaptation: these axes and traffic calming measures, road space will be - improving the urban reduced. These indirect speed measures make areas more microclimate pleasant by offering safety and improved air quality to - increasing of biodiversity pedestrians and cyclists – our prioritised form of locomotive. In Resource consumption and waste: addition to the green axes, we would overcome the impeding - reducing the GHG emissions main road in the south with a green bridge; thus completing - reducing the cooling energy the existing green axis at that point and creating an important trough shading connection to the park areas of the Schloss Nymphenburg.
Authors: Moritz Kenndoff, Ayberk Özyürek, Matthias Kretzler
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Obermenzing Mobility
How can the settlement be more attractive for cyclists, public mobility and strollers in a sustainable way without banning all cars ?
Quick Facts
• One S-Bahn station and many bus stations • 40 % of inhabitans own a car [1] • No public bike rent station • No bike paths • Noisy main streets (on Verdistreet above 70 dB [2])
▪ Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies
While the world climate is changing, the use of CO² - free The development of bicycle and mobility options is getting more important in order to save the pedestrian paths could be taken into environment from further damage [3]. In Obermenzing cars account in the planning of green are still used on a daily basis by most of the households. infrastructure, as people like to move Onward there is little space for strollers and cyclists on the and stay in the countryside. In the streets, which is making the use of this mobility options at the future, the reduced use of cars could same time even more unattractive [4]. also have an impact on the building structure, as for example a parking space or garage for cars is no longer necessary. The resulting space could Description of action help to create larger green areas.
In order to meet the ever growing needs of the people and the Wider Benefits protection of our environment, we are drawing up a catalogue • Well-being and Quality of Life: of recommendations. Cars should not be banned, but there - less street noise should be increasing incentives for the inhabitants of • Climate Protection and Climate Obermenzing to leave their cars parked. For example: this can Change Adaptation: be achieved by further expanding public transport systems, - reduce CO² emissions creating more space for cyclists and walkers in the traffic area - higher efficiency of energy use by and setting up public rental systems for CO² free forms of promoting and developing e- transport. mobility • Resource consumption and waste: - a smaller number of cars also reduces the need for resources for the production and disposal of these
Authors: Mingyue Yuan, David Zivkovic References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Obermenzing Energy and Material Efficiency and LCA
What approaches do we have to analyze and implement in order to increase both material and energy efficiency within our neighborhood? How can we benefit from a life cycle assessment of Obermenzing, regarding the predominantly old building stock?
Quick Facts:
• Low-density residential area • Mostly private housing for one or two families, rarely multi-family • Big number of old buildings mixed with new constructions • Private usage of solar panels and solar thermal collectors • Electricity is provided by Stadtwerke München [1] • No connection to district hot water and steam heating [1]
Source: Moritz Fischer, Tigran Rkoian
Challenges: Synergies :
Due to the development of the area, it is necessary to Major synergies are found in the concentrate on improving insulation, materials and interface to the building structure. technologies to reduce energy and heat demand of old Based on the fact, that mostly single or buildings. Outdated heating systems lose to modern more family-houses exist in technologies. Lack of connection to the city heating and hot Obermenzing, a general retrofitting with water network forces us to look for alternative energy sources. e.g. solar panels will have a measurable There is a need to expand the share of the use of solar panels impact. and solar thermal collectors in private homes, as well as to consider additional renewable energy solutions.
Description of action: Wider Benefits:
Regarding building insulation: • Well-being and Quality of Life: Windows triplex glazing and improved frames reduces the adequate ratio of room temp. and energy demand significantly using high-efficient U-values. internal surface temp. plus Building with practically no thermal bridges is possible today. preventing condensation The avoidance of thermal bridges means higher temperatures significantly increase the living of internal surfaces and hence also gains in user comfort. [2] comfort. • Climate Protection and Climate Regarding building energy sources and solutions: Change Adaptation: Replacement of constant-temperature and low-temperature lower energy consumption goes boilers with condensing boilers will increase the average hand in hand with the saving of efficiency potential. Heat pumps can feed electricity from CO2 emissions. renewable sources into the heat market. Efficient operation of • Resource consumption and waste: heat pumps is possible in renovated buildings. Usage of Thermal insulation furthermore ventilation systems with heat recovery will minimise ventilation conserves resources heat losses and at the same time re-using the heat that exists
in buildings. [2]
Authors: Moritz Fischer, Tigran Rkoian References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Munich MUNICH Freimann
Source: Google Earth
Freimann is located in the north of Munich and a part of the district 12 Schwabing–Freimann. The neighbourhood has an area of 50.5 ha 1 and about 5340 inhabitants,2 which are mostly between 20-54 years old.3 This results in a population density of 106 people/ha.4 The area was formerly used by the German military for practice 5 and is now a residential area without any kind of industry or offices. The entire building stock was developed in the early 1980’s.6
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
Freimann has a high amount of public green areas Improving the quality of public with a very good distribution, accessibility & inter- spaces and green areas
connection, 7 as well as safe and well-connected Implementation of a diverse pedestrian and bicycle paths. 8 Apart from that, the social and cultural infrastructure existing public spaces are not very inviting, 9 essentials Renovation of the building stock
for daily life are missing, which are accessible within a and ensuring accessibility 10 11 walking distance and the building stock is quite old. Prioritized Identification objectives with neighbourhood .
Climate Protection and Climate Change Prioritized objectives
Adaptation Freimann is having a really great distribution for green Utilizing green roofs and facades area (private gardens, parks), on the contrary there is Implementation of water fountains no green facade or roofs, and there is huge impact of Refurbishment of buildings with Prioritized objectives utilizing green roofs on thermal protection. Buildings are thermal insulation layers old built so refurbishment of those buildings with Sharing vehicles and the use of
thermal layers would also effect on climate protection. public transportation
Prioritized objectives Resource Consumption and Waste Prioritized objectives
The main share of the existing buildings is from 1984 Renovation of the buildings by Prioritized objectives and first maintenance works are required. The whole following the principle of cradle-
neighbo urhood has a similar structure and consists of to-cradle same materials. Main challenges thereby are to use Urban mining (second raw materials out of renewables and to avoid future waste. material market) to avoid future waste
PrioritizedUrban farming objectives for food production and increasing biodiversity Authors: Julia Heichele, Mohamed Azzam, Florian Perkuhn
References . Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich
Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Freimann Building Structure
How to improve the existing building structure in Freimann to make it more sustainable, attractive and comfortable for all, focusing on missing parts in the urban fabric, create a social environment with public spaces and enhancing the energy efficiency.
Quick Facts
- Mainly residential buildings - Buildings from the 1980s - Two supermarkets, few cafés/restaurants - Energy consumption increases with aging building structure - 0.8% per year outer walls retrofitted for residential buildings
Source: own drawing, Laura Disser
Challenges Synergies
Statistics on Freimann's population structure show that this The issues surrounding the building quarter is mainly characterised by the 18-64 age group and on structure are linked to Mobility to the site were mainly families with strollers noticeable. extent that an analysis must be carried Nevertheless, steps to the house entrance door do not provide out to ensure the fastest possible barrier-free access for disabled persons or strollers. Not all connection to shopping and recreation apartments are equipped with balconies or if they are, they are facilities within the district. There is partly glazed, which drives residents outside. There they find also a link to the topic of energy, more unused courtyards and poor developed playgrounds. There is precisely the extent to which no room for social interaction to form a community within the renewable energy is supplied to the neighbourhood. The buildings are mainly from the 1980s and buildings and the level of consumption are in poor thermal condition, but a large part of them will have that must be guaranteed. to survive the year 2050. Wider Benefits Description of action • Well-being and Quality of Life: The improvement concept will include proposals for the create better quality of life through accessibility of buildings for all age groups. Special emphasis better infrastructure with new is placed on ramps made of sustainable materials and shopping and free time facilities; elevators that will be retrofitted to the outer facade. In encouragement of community spirit connection with the formation of a community, food trucks, and creativity of residents lead to a playgrounds, park benches and an outdoor gym should invite safe feeling in the neighbourhood them to linger in the greenery. To actively involve residents, • Climate Protection and Climate regularly scheduled meetings in the neighbourhood need to be Change Adaptation: environment
established. With regard to the thermal design of the buildings, protection through lower CO2 a refurbishment with the most efficient materials and emissions techniques is proposed in order to achieve thermal insulation • Resource consumption and waste: for better efficiency and comfort regarding external walls, thermal comfort of the buildings ceilings and windows.
Authors: Prem Kumar Yadav, Fabian Manninger, Laura Disser
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Freimann Green & Blue Infrastructure
How can a sustainable and effective green and blue infrastructure be built on the private and public scale of Freimann, to improve the well-being of its inhabitants and the natural water cycle?
Quick Facts
• Located in district 12: Schwabing- Freimann [1] • Bordering with the greenbelt of Munich [2] • Quarter covers an area of 0,5 km2 [3] • 34,4% of the quarter are green surfaces [3] • There are no blue surfaces in the quarter
Carl-Orff-Bogen Park: own photo, Kim N. Lange
Challenges Synergies
The main challenges with Freimann is that although there is a • Building structure: Implementation lot of green area, there are no blue areas and the quality of of green roofs creates additional the existing green areas can be significantly improved. There retention areas that can be used to is little to no shading for the comfort of the inhabitants and collect rainwater there are currently no green roofs or facades. • Mobility: Using space available from reducing parking areas for greening Description of Action • Energy and LCA: Collaboration for efficient roof design and reduction The goal is to improve the quality and the quantity of green of heating and cooling areas on the ground and on the buildings and further support the natural water cycle and biodiversity. Implementing green Wider Benefits roofs and facades is an effective way to bring greenery, collect rainwater and reduce temperatures of the area while making • Well-Being and Quality of Life: the most of the available space. Green roofs will also help to Green and blue areas are improve biodiversity. Furthermore, the redesign of the park profitable for the human health based on animal-aided design will bring the animals back to (mental, physical and social). the city, enable first-hand experiences of nature and leads to a more appealing optic. This will encourage more people to use • Climate Protection and Climate the park and profit from its positive effects. Due to the fact that Change Adaptation: The design of there is no blue infrastructure, a central component of our a pond and a retention basin not measures will be the development of an integrative urban only protects against heavy rainfall water management system. The system envisages collecting but also cools the temperature of rainwater and store it in underground cisterns. About 40% of the entire neighborhood. the roof areas in the neighborhood will greened, which will allow the use of about 50.000 m2 as retention area [4]. With • Resource Consumption and an average rainfall of 930 l/m2 per year, this will result in Waste: Drinking water about 20 mio l of water, which can be reused after treatment consumption in the neighbourhood [5]. Furthermore, the system provides for the construction of a can be significantly reduced by the pond and a retention basin, which serve as an emergency construction of a rainwater and overflow to protect against flooding and allows the element of service water system. water to be experienced in the park.
Authors: Nevada Ulmer, Kim N. Lange, Leonie Lang References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Freimann Mobility
How to spread shared vehicles and make It more attractive to the residents and encouraging them to use bicycles instead of private cars?
Quick Facts
There are green spaces all over the neighborhood The area is not included into the business area of any free- floating shared vehicle provider Two station-based shared cars are located near the metro of Kieferngarten Too much above-ground space is used for parking private cars
Source: https://medium.com/vision-zero-cities-journal/the-power-of-the- superblock-in-barcelona-5ef2e64d377al Challenges Synergies
No shared vehicles exist in the neighborhood which shows The green belt area helps decrease that the residents are not relying on this kind of transportation. urban sprawl so it has a good influence Moreover, the residents mind is set to mostly use their private on building structure. The reduction of cars and neglect the use of alternatives like cycling and energy will be achieved by using less walking. private vehicles. Through the elimination of cars from the inner yards, sealed space can be Description of action redeveloped and used for green infrastructure. A suggestion is to find spots for shared bikes stations and charging stations to be implemented in the green area so it With the already evolving project will derive the residents to get in there to get a bike, charge it “Bayernkaserne” right next to the or return it back so they will be forced to take routes of green regarded neighborhood, the belt which will let them take their trips in shorter time and in development of shared vehicle systems clean air. gains an ever bigger relevance.
By the development of a traffic-limited area in the centre of the Wider Benefits neighborhood, space for shared vehicle stations should be created. These vehicles are next to regular shared bikes, Wide cycling and walking in green shared electric cargo bikes and shared cars. The traffic-limited belt areas will improve the overall area should still be passable for private electric cars, all kinds health of residents. of shared vehicles and all kind of non-motorized vehicles. Encouraging residents for cycling will decrease the emissions (noise Concerning the shared cars, a free-floating system should be and pollution) from private cars. implemented to guarantee maximized flexibility for all Time is saved for distances under residents, while electric cars should be preferred. five kilometers, while avoiding the emergence of traffic jam.
Authors: Sherief Ali, Laura Schöffel
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Schwanthalerhöhe
Source: Google Earth
Schwanthalerhöhe is one of the smallest and densely populated boroughs in Munich, located west of the City center in close proximity to the famous Theresienwiese. Around 30,100 people, high proportion of them foreigners, live here and the estimates suggest that there won’t be any significance increase in the number of inhabitants till 2040. Highly densified block buildings and green spaces are the prominent features in this neighborhood.
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
Schwanthalerhöhe has a variety of public transportation. • Implementation of blue areas • Reduction of emissions and The streets are small and open for bicycles and pedestrians. Surrounded by two big avenues producing waste (no car district) noise. Multiple recreational spaces, but lack of blue • Implementation of green roofs areas. One third are foreigners and the average age is 39 and PV panels
years old. Challenges regard to comfort in housing, noise • Build multigenerational and and air quality, multi- cultural and generational aspects. Prioritizedmulticultural objectives spaces . Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation Prioritized objectives
UHI and emissions should be emphasized in • More underground garages in Schwanthalerhöhe. Lack of blue infrastructures and high-density area insufficient utilization of underground parking or E- Prioritized• More objectives space for E -charging
Mobility could not achieve the goal of climate change stations and green or blue areas mitigation. A lot of large roofs are not in used with • Promotion of multi-use rooftops which multi-use rooftops become a reality. Challenges • Scenarios for stormwater are emissions reduction and disaster response. Prioritizeddisposal objectives Resource Consumption and Waste . Prioritized objectives
The main challenges here are in the areas of mobility, • Reuse/Recycle of secondary construction waste reducing, dependency on fossil construction materials fuels and end-of-life recycling of cars. The new • Dealing with construction wastes development coming up in the neighborhood could be Prioritized• Green objectives and Energy efficient a source of construction waste but also presents a Mobility Infrastructure
massive opportunity to adopt sustainable building • Water-Energy Nexus practices and usage of secondary materials Prioritized. objectives
Authors: David Guillen, Guanting Zeng, Nayanesh Pattnaik References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University ofPrioritized Munich objectives
Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Schwanthalerhöhe Building Structure
How will it be possible to integrate the benefits of social differences (age, gender, origin, back- ground) as well as the lack of social facilities and accommodation in sustainable urban and building development in one single spot of an area, which also brings benefits for the whole city?
Quick Facts
• Construction time: 2005 – now (new and modern, building inherent improvement measures are unsus- tainable) ➔ Research focus: unused area MK2 • Sociodemographic: 33% foreigners • Buildings as type of land use: 56% (average in Munich: 44%) • Most densely district: 30.000 inhabit- ants living on 207 ha
Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies – integrable topics
• Socio-demographic integration due to an above-average Green and blue infrastructure: green fa- number of foreigners cades, rooftop garden, rainwater usage • Lack of supermarkets in the vicinity and social facilities for Energy and LCA: sustainable construc- older and younger residents tions, renewable energy systems • Reinforced concrete as almost only used building material • Very high building and population density Mobility: inclusion of the ramp to under- ground garage, traffic-calmed area The vision is to create a neighbourhood, which meets the indi- vidual needs of everyone of all ages and genders regarding Wider Benefits both, their material and immaterial needs. • Well-being and Quality of Life: ben- Description of action efits the neighbourhood due to the opportunity to reduce the sterile at- MK2 core area → feasibility study by the City of Munich: mosphere and to value the inhabit- secondary school, pedagogical institute of the Department for ants’ diversity, sustainable materials Education and Sports as well as official apartments have a positive impact on health Architecture and implementation: • Climate Protection and Change Ad- • Smooth transition between the old buildings of Schwanthal- aptation: sustainable and local erhöhe and the recently developed area building materials cause lower emis- • Construction made of a mix of wooden panels or wooden sions, modern facades enable less modules and other sustainable building materials energy consumption during lifetime, • Interactively and interdisciplinary planning process the usage of rooftops comes to the What to plan: most efficient use of space • Grocery store and integrated café as space for educational • Resource consumption and waste: values (e.g. ‘unpacked’ store, culturally oriented weeks) sustainable building practice allows • Schoolyard/-space and cafeteria which can also be used by lower resource consumption and inhabitants at certain times (e.g. common garden) less waste, usage of secondary ma- • Alternative forms of living (e.g. cluster, union of all ages) terials extends materials’ lifecycle
Authors: Dominik Eckl, Nina Matheis, Nadine Wallner
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Swanthalerhöhe Green and Blue Infrastructure
How can we create an urban area that priorities climate adaptation and mitigation while emphasizing livability for all organisms?
Quick Facts
• 1/3 of the district is green or public spaces, yet a lack of connectivity among spaces is noticeable
• Biodiversity is restricted in areas with monocultures and absent of water features
• Building’s facades and roofs present potential for greening
Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies
Our main challenge is to connect the main public spaces, Our plans to improve and network specifically Bavaria Park and Quartiersplatz. Similarly, the public spaces are collaborations with underutilization and lack of blue & green infrastructure in these the Mobility and Building Structure areas reduce biodiversity and social interactions and cause groups. Proposed benefits should heat island effects in certain locations. Each shortcoming limits promote more regulated microclimates the benefits these areas could provide while further impeding in and help lower energy demand in the mitigation and adaptation to climate change and promoting surrounding buildings. a more habitable district for all living organisms. Additionally, our intensification of green Description of action & blue infrastructure in the district, such as implementing a rainwater-fed green The redesign of Bavaria park will include a pond in the center, wall, will further link with Building an urban garden, a community building, and a recreational Structure and the Energy groups. area. This measures will foster social and nature interactions for young and old. Green corridors will connect Bavaria Park, Wider Benefits Quartiersplatz and an adjacent vacant lot and will prohibit • Well-being and Quality of Life: motorized traffic and reduce GHG emissions. Increases recreational and social Secondly, we suggest shading Quartiersplatz by constructing a interactions among people and wood structure for climbing plants to grow upon. Also, a water between people and nature feature utilizing captured rainwater located on the north side will • Climate Protection and Climate additionally cool the area. Change Adaptation: Improved water & carbon cycles enhance Finally, our plans aim to increase biodiversity by implementing microclimates and capture GHGs more green facades and increasing plant species on green • Resource Consumption and Waste: roofs which will be coupled with solar energy production. Allowing nature to filter rainwater and irrigate plants creates more circular systems
Authors: Daniel Fleetwood, Jibrin Hassan, Philipp Eisenlohr References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Schwanthalerhöhe Mobility
How can we design a car free neighborhood where the citizens do not have the need to own a private car?
Quick Facts
• High standard of public transport within 500 meters: [1] 1 S-Bahn stop 3 U-Bahn stations 5 Bus lines • Modern street network • Wide bike and pedestrian ways • Good reachability: [2] 5 mins per U-Bahn to the CS 5 mins per car to the A96 15 mins per bike to the TUM
Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies
Our research focus will be to establish Schwanthalerhöhe as a Green and Blue infrastructure: neighborhood where the inhabitants don't possess and don't new gained space more green need an own car. As the area is already really bike and spaces in the streets more walking friendly, we want to go further. For us the perfect city biodiversity is a city nearly without cars in the street, and no cars parking Energy: change to electromobility next to the street. Of course, there will be mobility alternatives use of solar energy like car sharing, cargo-carrying bicycles, etc. and an improved public transport. Building structure: underground parking won’t be used any more Description of action space for shops, neighborhood • Enlarge the capacity of public transport mobility office and free time activities
• Increase the availability of sharing offers (cars, bikes, Wider Benefits transportation vehicles, …) Well-being and Quality of Life: • Keep traffic out of the quarter car free areas o Less noise o Social benefits through • Re-design the streets: new room in the streets o More bikes More active society Climate Protection & Climate Change Adaptation: o More green spaces cooling effect o More biodiversity o Less air pollution o Less sealing Resource consumption and waste: [3] o Change to electromobility no fossil fuels
Authors: Julia Degenhart, Stefan Mürnseer References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Schwanthalerhohe Energy and Material Efficiency and LCA
How to apply passive methods to achieve energy efficiency and maximize renewable energy use through solar power?
Quick Facts
1. Solar power potential: high [1]
2. Green roof potential: high
3. Energy consumption up to 110 kWh/(m².a) [ 2]
4. Less than 10% rooftop utilization rate
5. Extensive use of windows
Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies
In Schwanthalerhöhe, the use of renewable energy is not The application of green roofs can alter reaching its full potential. At the same time, this neighborhood the building structure, while offers ideal conditions for its application: there are wide contributing to the green environment sidewalks, large open spaces in parks and mainly empty flat and enhancing the energy roofs. According to the age of the buildings, they only show a performance of the neighborhood. medium efficiency in terms of usage and can reach relatively Furthermore, passive house standards high energy consumption when compared to energy-efficient and the use of renewable energies is standards [2][3][4][5][6][7] Contributing to this energy demand to be applied in existing and new is the use of single- layered windows, which have low heat buildings, connecting to the field of insulation outcomes. Furthermore, an undeveloped area exists building structure. in the neighborhood which is to be monitored. Solar Panels will be coordinated with green infrastructure to integrate panels Description of action with the green plants on the roof.
1. Replacing the single-layered windows with double-layered Wider Benefits ones to maximize energy efficiency. 2. Installation of operable shading devices to prevent high • People are comfortable and cooling demand in Summer and the discomfort of glare. healthy under natural ventilation 3. Installation of solar panels on the roofs to meet energy and daylight. Also lower their demand in buildings. exposure to harmful emissions. 4. Use incentives for the installation of solar panels in private • Green roofs can prevent household to develop solar thermal system. Aid the overheating problem. inhabitants validate the economic feasibility and benefits, Decarbonation can achieve 100%, while providing technical support. which saves 2047 tons of CO2 5. Promote green roofs. Encourage people to grow plants on annually.[8] the roof and hang clothes racks and develop it as a great • Achieve energy self-sufficiency meeting place for inhabitants. with this area.
Authors: Eman Taha, Yuting Wang
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Neuharlaching
Source: Google Earth
Neuharlaching has been started to be build in 1933. It followed the style of a garden city and the main buildingo structures are single houses. It is located directly beside the Perlacher forest and can be reached by the metro line U1 from the station Mangfallplatz. Shops and community institutions are rare. The population is overageing.
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
Neuharlaching has a lot of green areas, but the public • Improving the attractiveness of spaces aren’t attractive for everybody. There are only a public spaces for citizens of all ages few places for gastronomy and barely any for culture, and backgrounds
what leads to a lack of diversity and only little life in the • Planning a community center with streets. The domination of petrol cars and the big street high citizen participation
nearby lead to noise and air pollution. • Bringing more life to the streets. • PrioritizedAccessibility objectives of green t ransportation
Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation • Prioritized objectives
Neuharlaching has a high amount of green • Support of urban green.
infrastructure, which reduces the impact of Urban Heat • Reduction of water consumption Island effect. That leads to a high water consumption Prioritized• Use objectivesof solar energy and chip during drought periods. Rainwater collection and water wood district heating reuse are solutions. Green facades and green mobility • Green mobility will lead to a reduction of noise and air pollution. . Prioritized objectives
Resource Consumption and Waste Prioritized objectives
The neighborhood has relatively older architecture. • Recycling of construction waste.
There are several construction activities in progress, Prioritized Sustainable objectives district heating • therefore construction waste is a challenge. The district • Green transportation and low primary energy demand is mainly from natural gas for emission zones district heating. A sustainable source of district heating • PV panels, Geothermal plants is required for e.g. solar panels, geothermal, biogas potential and waste for biogas plant working on the waste from the nighborhood. plant as a source of energy Prioritized objectives
Authors: Antonia Birkholz, Marie, Wahaj Bin Tariq References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Neuharlaching Building Structure
How can building structure improve the attractiveness of public spaces in the neighborhood while at the same time help educating its inhabitants on how to improve biodiversity and dismantle the border between nature and city.
Quick Facts
• 57.5% of the neighborhood is unsealed area [1] • From a total of 578 buildings more than half (296) are single family houses [2] • Building materials are mostly brick and concrete [2] • Lack of appealing public space and facilities
Source: own representation
Challenges Synergies Regarding the building structure Neuharlaching has two Developing the public space and green relevant challenges. The single-family houses which are buildings are also closely related to characteristic for the neighborhood are mostly made of brick Green and Blue infrastructure, since and concrete. This shows the low use of sustainable materials biodiversity and implementing nature in the building stock is important. Mobility and a potential for the risk of the urban heat island effect due has a high influence on safety and to hot air masses created by the houses. comfort in the whole neighborhood but The other challenge is the lack of attractive public space and especially concerning public space. Finally, greener buildings and the cultural facilities. But due to the high number of single-family usage of renewable materials houses with access to private gardens and green areas it decrease the energy demand of the might be difficult to create public areas which are appealing for buildings which have positive effects the inhabitants. on Energy and Material efficiency. Description of action Wider Benefits
For the approach of the first challenge we want to integrate • Improve public spaces is a key nature into existing buildings with green roofs and especially element for diversity and the with green facades. By doing that, the residents as well as the attractiveness of the neighborhood whole neighborhood benefit positive consequences like a including residents of all ages lower risk of a potential urban heat island effect as well as • Educating citizens about better thermal performances of the houses [3]. biodiversity and implementing However, the main focus is to improve the public space nature and renewable materials in the building stock can lead to because of its high potential to become more attractive. It is awareness and proactive climate important to contemplate facilities and solutions for people of change adaptation all ages. Therefore, we plan to develop an educational CO2- pathway with examples for including biodiversity in private • Using renewable building materials households, a public play and toy box and a cultural Centre, which are recyclable is a key factor giving the inhabitants the possibility to explore their to reduce waste in the construction neighborhood. sector
Authors: Lukas Tappertz, Jelena Pavic
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Neuharlaching Green and Blue Infrastructure Incentive to install green façades/roofs Use public parking lots to generate new Green Infrastructure Build pedestrian/bike crosses to reach the forest
Limited pedestrian/bike connection between Neuharlaching and Forest Limited public space available to increase green areas inside Neuharlaching Low urban Green Infrastructure: e.g. Green façades, Green Roofs
Source: Taken from intermediate presentation
Synergies. Challenges Energy: Green corridors decreases wind We have limited public space available to increase green flow Lowers Heat Losses in the houses. areas because of the trees planted in private spaces and no connection between the neighborhood and the forest. The Keeps fresh air during summer purpose of this research is to find a way to lift the barrier between the people and the forest by making provision for Mobility: green pedestrian sidewalks and introduce attractive and Increase bike mobility affordable facades to the neighborhood since there is a limited public space available. We aimed at making the forest a Lowers CO2, NOx, etc. emissions relaxation center for the neighborhoods. Better life quality
Description of action The inter-connection between Green and Full engagement of mobility and building structure in the Blue Infrastructure (G&B), mobility, and process of carrying out the tasks, the building structure will building structure are as follows: work gives us the guidelines on how to create and where to together with the Building Structure to introduce the new facades designs since we have private propose a new attractive green facades trees planting, while Mobility will guide us through the modality to modernize their properties and one of for green pedestrian sidewalks and bike lanes for easy the benefits of green infrastructure is the accessibility to the forest for the neighborhood in order to exchange of gases between the trees enjoy the nature of life. In the actualization of this research and the people work to be successful beyond academic exercise, Wider Benefits Government and Non-governmental organizations (NGO) Well-being and Quality of Life: involvement is crucial in the aspect of funding of the ideas of Protection of properties in case of creating new facades designs to existing building, I believe windstorms that if Government/NGO can encourage the people with some Climate Protection and Climate incentives as the case maybe, compliance and enforcement Resource consumption and waste- will be easy to carry out. Considering the benefit of improving less fuel energy consumption . the quality of life of the people and also protection of properties in case windstorm. Aesthetics, very beautiful to behold and very attractive
Authors: Timilehin Joseph, Ikusemoro (Matr. Nr. 03735883) Reference
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Neuharlaching Mobility
How to improve the traffic flow in the area and at the same time reduce the air and noise pollution by making bicycles and pedestrians especially for short- and medium-distance transportation the most prior choice?
Quick Facts • Detached house with attached private garage • Age of population older than the average of Munich [1] • Highway (Autobahn A995 in the east of the area)
Public Transportation: • Metro station Mangfallplatz (U1) • Bus stations (139, 220)
Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies
• Excessive use of private cars (high ratio of car ownership: • Building Structure: less air and 44 per 100 inhabitants) [2]. noise pollution make public spaces • Bad connection with the cycle path network of Munich more attractive. (lack of cycle paths especially in side streets). • Green and Blue Infrastructure: fewer parking spaces provides • No car/bike-sharing stations. more spaces available for GI & BI. • No infrastructure (e.g., charging stations) for cars with • Energy and Material Efficiency & renewable engine concepts. LCA: using e-cars/bikes improves
energy consumption mode. Description of action Wider Benefits [5] • Construct one-way cycle streets (bike lanes) • Well-being and Quality of Life: Cars need to adjust their speed to bikes (the speed limit riding bike is a way of physical for cars is 30 km/h), thus traffic accidents especially exercise, thus people will become between cars and bikes can be largely reduced. healthier. Moreover, there will be • Set up car- and bike-sharing stations, where e-cars, e- less car accidents (safer). bikes, cargo-bikes and normal bikes are provided. [3] • Climate Protection and Climate • Better connect the neighborhood with the metro station, Change Adaptation: reduction of the southern region, the “Äußerer Fahrradring”, and the the noise pollution as well as GHG green belt of Munich by constructing more cycle paths emissions that can mitigate the especially in the forest. [4] greenhouse effect. • Build Infrastructure for cars with renewable engine • Resource consumption and waste: concepts, such as electric vehicle charging stations in the less using petrol-cars can reduce housing area, which makes the use of e-bikes and e-cars the consumption of non-renewable more convenient and attractive, and accordingly can energy (fossil fuels) and materials reduce the air and noise pollution. of attached infrastructure. • Modify all buses to electric buses.
Authors: Ralf Fuchs, Yue Xia References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Neuharlaching Energy and Material Efficiency and LCA
How to reduce the primar y energy factor? How to convert the energy supply from inefficient gas boilers in every household into a sustainable system?
Quick Facts
Not connected to the district heating system of Munich. Natural gas as main energy source for heating. Inefficient gas boilers in every house. 13 photovoltaic power plants. 61 solar thermal systems. Most of the houses are not well insulated.
Source: own picture
Challenges Synergies
The district Neuharlaching consists of mostly unrenovated Building structure single-family houses built between 1960s and 1990s. In the Increase in the use of renewable short term, energy-related renovations are not economical. materials for renovating. Only two refurbishments and eleven replacement buildings can be found. Therefore, the buildings are not well insulated Build wooden or greened facades. and have a high energy demand. This high energy demand Building integrated solar thermal can’t be covered by energy efficient systems like heat pumps. systems or photovoltaics. The heat energy demand of the building stock is covered by Green & Blue Infrastructure gas boilers in every house. Only 10% of the buildings use solar thermal energy. The use of gas boilers and the low solar Open space-photovoltaics or solar coverage ratio result in a high primary energy factor. thermal systems to shade patches.
Description of action Mobility
The building stock is worth to preserve. The heat energy Photovoltaic power plants to demand must be lowered by increasing the rate of energy- charge e-bikes or electric cars. related renovations with ecological materials supported by Wider Benefits state funding e. g KfW grants. The possibility to install funded photovoltaic power plants on roofs should be better promoted. Well-being and Quality of Life:
Less air pollution by reducing CO2 CO2 emissions and the primary energy factor can be lowered emissions. very much by using wood pellet boilers and solar thermal heat. Climate Protection and Climate The efficiency of the heating system can be improved by Change Adaptation: Protection of building a local district heating system. the climate by lowering the primary energy factor. Building of the wooden-fired and solar thermal supported local Resource consumption and waste: district heating system can be funded by an energy Use of renewable fuels. cooperative and with funding of the state e. g. BAFA grants.
Authors: Felkner Johannes, Mohiuddin Taha Mohammed
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
MUNICH Schwabing- West
Source: Google Earth
In the early 20th century Schwabing West became the link between Alt-Schwabing and Munich and today its proximity to the city center and universities results in educational and job-related immigration of young adults. As a consequence, the demographic is dominated by the age group of 20-35 year-olds.[1] It is very densely populated at 15700 p/km² compared to Munich at 4770 p/km².[2] The built environment consists of mostly pre-war residential buildings that are close to big green areas of Munich like the Luitpoldpark.
Well-being and Quality of Life Prioritized objectives
Schwabing West is a popular, highly attractive district. • Improve green spaces for The atmosphere feels safe & peaceful as it has lots of community connection trees, green areas and a charming old building stock. • Meeting spaces integrated into But with bicycle prioritized streets on the one hand side neighbourhood and parking problems on the other side, Schwabing will • Keep own character and identity have to discuss and strengthen its identity in near future Meet parking issues with also due to rising renting prices. • alternative transportation Prioritized objectives . Climate Protection and Climate Change Adaptation Prioritized objectives The Neighbourhood faces a lot of climate problems. The Prioritized• More objectives public green spaces for block buildings leads to higher overheating in summer cooling effect month and the many private cars parked on both sides contribute to the high GHG emissions. With global • Effectively adapted and resilient transit systems infrastructure warming, extreme weather conditions will also become • reduction of GHG emissions by more severe. How to improve the urban climate change adaptability becomes crucial. expanding renewable energies and increasing energy efficiency Prioritized objectives . Resource Consumption and Waste Prioritized objectives Prioritized objectives
The high amount of pre war structure is resource • Increase renewable energy intensive in it’s upkeep. Only about half of Munichs production and import
energy consumed is renewable. The goal is to achieve • incorporate locals in energy 100% green energy coverage. The neighbourhoods politics. young residents are generally aware of issues like • provide justification for ventures global warming and pollution. Another issue in this concerning a circular economy residential area is the household waste production. • achieving zero household waste Prioritized objectives
Authors: Timo Schäle, Linqin Lyu, Franziska Meusburger Prioritized objectives References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Schwabing-West Building Structure
Schwabing-West is considered to already provide a good quality of life. In order to further improve it, the focus of our research is on three topics: Preservation of the old structures, sustainable renovation of buildings and re-organization of the neighborhood
Schwabing-West – The face of Munich
• proximity to the city center • significant architectural style (mainly built at the beginning of the 20th century) • ca. 34% of the buildings are protected by monumental law (see map) • above average rental prices • one of the most livable neighbourhoods in Munich Source: own picture by Dac Ho; map made by Charlotte Bäumler with BayernAtlas (protected buildings in pink)
Challenges Synergies This paper considers overall unified aspects and describes the The building structure itself structure and the challenges at a macro level. To make interconnects with many other topics: Schwabing-West a sustainable environment, three important • Mobility: is influenced by building challenges can be identified: blocks between wide streets and spaces filled by parking spots. • Finding a balance between sustaining the very livable • Green and blue infrastructure: original character and providing a future oriented area with the buildings have inner courtyards a high quality of life. that are used for growing plants. Many of the buildings have pitched • The concrete characteristics of buildings is on the high side. roofs protected by monumental Most of the buildings were built from concrete, and most laws. This makes it difficult to renovations are also been carried out with less regard for implement green roofs or facades. sustainable building materials. • Energy and material efficiency: • There are not enough public spaces for recreational the age of the buildings is of great activities, and too many cars parked on the streets. Also, importance as they were mostly almost zero biking lanes. built under outdated energy- standards with rather inefficient Description of action materials.
To counter the challenges named above, following proposals Wider Benefits will be investigated in this paper: • Well-being and Quality of Life: Increase public spaces, safety and • Creating and changing guidelines for sustainable renovation low pollution by reducing traffic of protected buildings; involving the inhabitants and the • Climate Protection and Climate professionals in the process of sustaining building structures Change Adaptation: Sustainable in Schwabing-West. buildings and improved building • All buildings that are to be newly built or renovated must be efficiency carried out according to certain green policies. • Resource consumption and • Restructuring the neighborhood with a proven system from waste: Built-in resources and another city (Barcelona: super block project). recyclable building materials
Authors: Charlotte Bäumler, Adeniyi Bella, Dac Ho
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Schwabing West Green and Blue Infrastructure
To reduce heat stress and improve the water sensitive design and the quality of life in the quarter even more we focus on replacing several parking spots and enhancing public spaces with new green and blue design elements.
Quick Facts
• Total area: 436.30 ha • Green area: 43.88 ha
→ 10.1 % green area (11.6 % for all of Munich)
• 159 inhabitants per ha total area (highest in Munich)
• 1,582 inhabitants per ha green area (7th highest in Munich)
Hohenzollernstraße: Parking spots will be replaced (own picture)
Challenges Synergies
There is very little blue infrastructure in the area and most of In coordination with the mobility group the streets are sealed with blacktop paving. Therefore, the parking spots can be converted to other water sensitive design should be improved. usages to not only force people to shift their mode of transportation, but also to The huge number of parked cars on both sides of the street increase the green area. More tall trees restricts the potential for green and blue infrastructure and has with big canopy can be planted along a significant impact on the heat development. the streets that can provide shading for Because of the density and the lack of green facades heat buildings. In addition, new green and stress is a severe problem in the summer and should be tackled blue infrastructure can lower the with smart shading and green and blue infrastructure temperature so that the energy demand improvement. for cooling will be decreased.
Description of action
It is planned to systematically find locations like former parking Wider Benefits spots and public places etc. where new green and blue • Creating a green living environ- infrastructure can be implemented. Particularly, the blue ment for people where they can infrastructure must be increased with fountains, ponds and enjoy nature and water in the city water saving sprinklers. It is also necessary to improve the
permeability and drainage system by expanding as well as • Improving the capacity to meet maintaining green & blue infrastructure. extreme climate and climate Alongside the implementation of green parking spots, former changes & regulating climate parking spots can be used to create more green belts or to (regulating the humidity, reducing place animal aided design elements and suitable plants to the heat island effect etc.) provide enough habitats in the city and improve biodiversity. • Reducing the cooling demand At specific spots a smart placement of trees should increase through shading & improvement of the provision of shade and therefore reduce the temperatures. the permeability
Authors: Yinyu Tian, Chaojie Cai, Christian Huck
References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Schwabing-West Mobility
- How can the excessive car use be reduced? - How can the problem with accumulation of parked cars in the streets be solved? - How can we gain more landscaping on street and more bike lanes?
Quick Facts
Schwabing-West is the fourth district of Munich and built with good public transport, bus (Lines 53, 59, N43, N44), tram (Line 12, 28), subway (U3) and a share bicycle station is available. The most part of Schwabing- West keeps up with the 15-minute-city concept. Charging stations for electric cars can also be found in this neighborhood.
Source: own photo
Challenges Synergies
Because of the desire for a better life quality and the The space occupied by parked cars frequency of visitors rising, cars are being excessively used. can be used for green and blue Furthermore, the accumulation of parked cars in the streets infrastructure. With the reduction of car must be reduced. In addition, the lack of landscaping and bike use less heat will be released, lanes on the streets is also a non-ignorable challenge. These therefore decreasing the urban heat problems have a strong impact on the local climate and tend island effect. As a result, the to aggravate the urban heat island effect. temperature will be much lower during the summertime. Thus, the use of air Description of action conditioner will also be reduced and the requirement from building The use of electric cars and creation of greener infrastructure structures for summer heat protection can help reduce and absorb the pollution caused by cars. An must not be too demanding. improved public transportation can promote the residents to strictly limit or even completely avoid using cars. Relevant Wider Benefits policies also play an important role to control the number of cars on the road. To solve the space problem created by an • Well-being and Quality of Life: accumulation of parked cars on the streets we can create new higher traffic safety, more social parking opportunities such as an underground garage. and green spaces Besides that, a phone application can also be a good solution, • Climate Protection and Climate which allows residents who have no car to rent their parking Change Adaptation: less spot. These places taken by the parking cars can be used for greenhouse gas emission, less air more green plants. By removing one parking slot out of 15, pollution trees could be planted in approximately 1560 parking spaces • Resource consumption and waste: in the entire city of Munich using the procedure suggested. In reduction of fossil fuel order to accommodate cyclists, it would make sense to widen consumption, higher efficiency of the existing bike lanes and build new separate bike lanes energy use by promoting the wherever needed. In addition, we can build a car-free zone development of e-mobility without destroying the principle of the 15-minute-city.
Authors: Wei Zhao, Christina Papadopoulou References
Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Studies of Sustainable Urban Developments and Infrastructure – SoSe 2020
Schwabing-West Energy and Material Efficiency and LCA
This paper will focus on the energy consumption and production in households. We will improve the building envelope in such a way that the energy demand reduces to a minimum. In addition, the energy consumption will be produced from renewable sources, focusing on solar.
Quick Facts 1. Houses supply on gas central heating system. [1]
2. No solar panels on roofs. [2]
3. 13.4 m2/capita suitable rooftop area for solar panels (Munich). [3]
4. 1708 hours/year is sun shine rate. [4]
5. 10 CHP plants in Schwabing-West. [5]
Source: [8]
Challenges Synergies
Our research focuses on two main challenges: Our research is closely related to the Firstly, in the area some buildings are old and not renovated. subject of building structure, as we aim The materials used and the heating, cooling, ventilation and to enhance the building envelope, but lighting systems are not efficient (poor insulation, old windows) without modifying the external facade. for preserving the energy and have as a consequence a high Moreover, we will improve the lighting demand. [1] Secondly, even though the rooftops and the sun systems for both sidewalks and roads shine rate are suitable for use of solar energy [3] [4], in the as well as provide renewable energy area no solar panels were observed (see picture) [2]. This is a for e-mobility which are both challenging topic as almost half of the buildings are preserved connected to mobility. by law [6]. Street lighting system also is in poor conditions and using non-renewable sources to produce electricity. Wider Benefits
Description of action Well-being and Quality of Life: Better indoor climate and healthier We plan to go towards energy-efficient buildings. The building living space by renovating the envelope will be renovated by reusing existing materials building envelope. especially by improving the insulation. Revamp the already Climate Protection and Climate existing heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting systems so Change Adaptation:
that the energy losses will decrease and improve thermal Reduction of CO2 released in the comfort [7]. The energy supply in buildings will be 100% from atmosphere by using renewable renewable sources. The other focus is to increase the use of sources. renewable source, mostly solar energy. Since the sunshine Resource consumption and waste: rate and rooftops areas in Schwabing-West are suitable, solar Increase amount of secondary panels will be implemented. PV-panels will also be used to materials used. Reduction of non- provide electricity for the street lighting system combined with renewables. smart sensors and transportation systems (e-mobility). In addition, policies to encourage the use of renewable energy will be introduced.
Authors: Gizem Eryenilmez , Egi Kalaj References References Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, Technical University of Munich Case Study: Munich