"OUR PIONEERS" The Wing Area

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DEDICATED, TO

"OUR PIONEERS - WING AREA"; '' - ' .,-••.-

This is my Story, This is my Song, "' ••• -•• .; . L To show love and honor to pioneers strong. They struggled along Through visions of horror Of Drought and Depression. They fought strife and sorrow Built hope for the 'morrow. Forget them? No, never! ' ' We'll love them forever! —Edna Eide Helgeson

FOREWORD

To the people of the Wing Area and to those former residents and relatives and friends who so generously gave of their time and mat­ erial, to make this as comprehensive and complete a history as pos­ sible, we extend our Thanks. Since perfection is not for any one of us, please excuse errors, and no doubt, omissions. It was the intention of this committee to present a history of the pioneers of this area, of those families who were established in this area before 1925. The limit of our area would be that which is now the Wing Public School District # 28. Some one said we are 25 years too late in this venture, you have lost so much in that time, but, it is time it was being done. So, this is the result of the combined efforts of all. We Thank Our Pioneers, and all who helped to bring them closer. Wing Bicentennial Committee

The Committee: WINB, II. DlUL 58484 Ann Schwartz, Secretary Delia Koski, Treasurer Lindy L. Lein North Dakota Stst-i Library Harris Crimmins Harold Williams Bismarck, N. D. 58505 Emma Olson, Chairperson f

.u)S'l "OUR PIONEERS" 6 27* Wing Area

TOWNSHIPS (ANDREWS) CANFIELD In 1958 a project was started by the Homemakers Club to write the history of the Canfield Township area. The following information is given by S„ L. Jordahl of Marcus, Iowa. Permission was given for this material to be used in part or as a whole for the history of Canfield. Dated: April 6, 1958

The first homesteaders came to Canfield in 1900 or 1901. Some came as late as 1905. I shall give a list of Jewish homesteaders first. These were shipped out from Chicago sweatshops by a Jewish Association in New York City. These people were furnished credit for all they needed for 5 years at jfo interest. Here follows the names and section in which they homesteaded: Harry Weinberg Sec. 4 Bernstein Sec. 26 Harry Weinberg & Marcovich 26 son Ab " 30 Kremenetsky & Jewish Cemetery " 30 Sons 24

These are Norwegians: S. L. Jordahl Sec. 10 Jim Krogstad Sec. 30 Ole Wold 1! 8 Ole Olson 11 22 Rud Jenson II 8 John Howe 11 4 0. K. Olson It 8 A. Lien 11 22 A. N. Strand II 8 Ben Larson 11 24 Jo W. Olson II 30 Mrs. Mo Fjelde ti 20

The following may be classified as Americans: L, J. Grunan b6Cc 6 Fred Johnson Sec. 2 Henry Mowder II 6 George Uricks 11 2 Charlie King II 6 Charlie Our 11 2, Art Worsham II 6 Mrs. Church 11 12 Archie Patterson II 4 Irene Our 11 12 -3- , U" ' i^'

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-4- John Standly iec 4 Clarabelle Our Sec. 12 Wm„ Standly ii 10 Peterson it 14 Bert Parks I! 14 George Lindsey tt 14 Albert Bros. II 28 C. F. Lindsey it 14 John Grunley II 10 Melvin Hanson ti 28

About half of the above came from Iowa, the other half came from' Minnesota, South Dakota and eastern North Dakota. All the homesteaders came by railroad, either to Wilton or Menoken. The early history of Canfield would not be complete without making mention of the great improvement caused by the building of the Pingree- Wilton branch of the N.P. Railroad in 1910 and put into operation in 1911. This gave Canfield closer markets, as well as a telephone exchange at

Regan. This added motive for the consolidated school built in 19l6e The Canfield Ranch was started by Mr. Canfield. He died and was buried on the Ranch. Then Mr. Andrews became owner. Later the ranch was bought by Louis McMunn. At the time I came in 1903, a Mr. L. H. Ong had bought the ranch and cattle. A good cow could be bought at $25 at this time and a good fresh cow and calf for $30. So, it was not a gold mine. Mr. Ong soon had a large herd of sheep (about 3000). Besides improving and building large sheds, he built a modern blacksmith shop and hired D. C. Bailey, a master mechanic, to run it. A good share of the time Herby Bailey also was employed as blacksmith. Besides, Mr. Ong induced a young man, Axel Lundberg to build a general store at the ranch. This store continued until 1912. Mr. Ong was at this time, also carrying mail three times a week for the home post office, at that time named Andrews. Some time later, through some interference by local politicians and at Washington, the post office was moved to Section 30. But, after a year the Ranch had a new post office. This time it was named Canfield. Mr. Ong was also president of the newly organized school, then located in section 19 and later moved to section 7. Mr., Ong, also built the first telephone in Canfield, from the ranch to section 14. A short time later a cooperative farmers' company was organized that built a line from section 4 south and south and west to Regan and north to Alta. About that time Canfield Township was orginized, 1912 or 1913, and named Canfield by C. F. Lindsey and S. L. Jordahl. The arrangements were made and a consol- idated school was built by John Skei in 19l6n The plat (1912) shows approximately the old Indian trail from Fort

Lincoln to Devils Lake0 Many signs of early Indian occupation, but noen better than those found on S„ L„ Jordahl's building lot and in the hills

back of the buildings, may be seen todaye Here are the remains of about 15 teepees and a large tent about 30 feet across,,

HISTORY OF HARVESTING AND THRESHING IN NORTH DAKOTA SINCE about 1890 By David TRygg There has been a wonderful improvement in the method of harvesting and thresh­ ing in the last 50 years. In the nineties all of the harvesting was done with the reaper and self binder. The grain was either stscked or remained in the shock until threshing time. The threshing, in those days, was done with a horse­ power threshing machine. Fourteen horses hitched in pairs went around and around the horsepower which furnished the power for the threshing machine. The thresher in those days had no self feeder and no straw blower, and no elevator and weigher to handle the threshed grain. It was hand fed by two men who changed off at the job about every 20 minutes. There was also one man at either side of the feed­ er to cut the bands on the bundles as they were pitched from the stack. The straw was carried away about 20 feet from the rear of the machine by a straw carrier while two men kept busy stacking away the straw. The grain came out of a spout at the bottom and side of the separator into half bushels measures, which were counted and tallied automatically in what was called a tally box. The half bushels were emptied into sacks and loaded into wagons and hauled to the granary. Just before or at the turn of the century the grain header came into use to re­ place the binder to a consideragle extent, especially in the wheat fields. It was pushed ahead of 4 or 6 horses and guided by a driver and a heavy steering wheel. The grain was elevated into what was called a header box, drawn alongside the head­ er by a team of horses. The grain was stacked in stacks about 25 feet long in such a way that the threshing machine could be pulled between them and threshed the same as bundle grain, except no band cutters were needed. Along about this time the steam engine came into use to replace the cumbersome horsepower, which had to be staked to the ground and while moving from one setting to another all the accessor­ ies had to be loaded into a wagon and hauled by team. The steam engine was a wonderful improvement, as all that was needed to transmit the power from the engine to the threshing machine was a long belt from the engine to the thresher. In most, cases the straw was used for fuel. The straw was caught in a rack behind the thresher and hauled to the engine. It did take considerable help, though, to keep this ourfit going, as there had to be one man looking after the engine, one fireman to keep up steam and a man and team to haul water, as the engine took about 45 barrels of water a day. Also, one boy to keep the fireman supplied with straw. About the time the steamer came into use, the straw blower, the self feeder the grain elevator and the weigher were added to the threshing machine. These' saved a lot of lavor. The steamer held its own for threshing power pretty much until 1924 when the tractor arid small threshers began to take over, which re- wuired a much smaller crew. Until about 1930 the binders, the header, and the threshers were the main machines in the harvesting and threshing field. About this time, though, the combine was invading the field slowly, but not until the event of the swather did the combine become popular, on account of the uneven (Continued on Page 55) -6- JOHN HOWE FAMILY

John Howe came to this community in 1901, from Montrose, S. Dale, with a wagon, team of horses and a walking plow. These had been given to him by his father on his 21st birthday. He filed on a homestead in Canfield Township, where he farmed and in slack seasons worked as a mason. He help­ ed build the brick buildings at old Fort Lincoln south of Bismarck. He also, was skilled in stone masonry, and there are still buildings in this community that testify to his skills. He married Alice Swanson and they had two daughters, Clarice and Hazel. Mrs. Howe passed away in 1930. John then moved back to Salem, South Dakota where he continued to work at his trade. At the present time he is living with his youngest daughter, Hazel in Sioux Falls. He is now 95 years old.

Submitted by: a nephew, Harold Williams Wing, North Dakota

CHARLIE & GEORGE LINDSEY

Charlie and George Lindsey rode horseback from South Dakota to North Dakota in 1901. They worked at the Linden Ranch (Boynton Ranch, ZX RAnch) or now the Dawson Ranch. In 1902 they homesteaded in Canfield Township. They established what is known as the Lindsey Ranch. Both Charlie and George were farmers and ranchers. In 1903, Charlie married Clara Ong. They had two boys. George married Bertha Parks in 1914* They had one daughter and 2 sons. George moved to Michigan in 1923. He died several years ago. Bertha is still living. Clara Lindsey, wife of Charlie, died in 1916 and Charlie died in 1925.

Submitted by:

Merrill Lindsey Regan, North Dakota (Grandson of L. H. Ong) OLE & MARET OLSON FAMILY

Ole (Moslet) Olson was born January 1, 1875. He was the son of Ole Johnson Moslet and Guri of Mastelmoen, Selbu, Norway,, Maret (Kulseth) Olson was born I869 in Selbu, Norway,, She was the daughter of Inglebright Severtsen Kulseth and wife Beret of Selbu, Norway. Ole and Maret were married on May 5, I889 in Norway. Ole was employed in a paper mill. Eager to meet the challenge in a new country, he with his wife and seven children, the youngest six weeks old, arrived in Bismarck, N. Dak0 in 1903. The family then came to Wilton and from there went to the home of Ole's brother, John Olson, located near Canfield post office near Canfield Lake, northeast of Regan in Burleigh County. Ole worked at various jobs* He worked for a time at the L. H. Ong Ranch. During this time he looked for a place to buy to make a home for his family. They settled on a farm north east of Regan (Sec0 22-143-77) east of Canfield Lake. Here Ole and Maret lived the remainder of their lives. Ole was active in school and township affairs, and was a member of the boards at different intervals. Maret took an active interest in Church, Ladies Aid and Sunday School. Church services were held in the school buildings whenever a minister was available. Sunday School was organized and sponsored by the Ladies Aid. Maret Olson passed away in 1949o Ole continued to live at the farm until his death in 1951* Both are buried in the Regan Cemetery. CHILDREN; Born in Norway JOHANNA— (June 11, I890, d. I924) married Pete Jacobson, deceased One child, Burnette—married Gilbert Ward. Live in Vancouver, Washington OLE A.—(May 9, I892, d. 1970) married Amanda Jacobson, deceased. JAMES— (Sept. 20, I894) married Dinah Fryer, deceased. James worked at various positions in the area. He delivered oil products for the Wing Oil Co. for many years. Now he owns and operates the Olsons Cash Store in Wing. No children, but raised the children of Gust Olson. BERTHA— (Oct. I896, d. 1915)

-8- GUST—(Feb. 11, 1899, d„ 1934) married Esther Fryer. 2 children: Glenn—married Helen Heupel. Children: Rick, Russell and Lynette. Glenn works for MDU. Lavonne—married Calvin Kurtz. Children: Kim, Dawn, Melodee, Cory and Joel OSCAR—(Nov. 25, 1900) married Clara Bossert. SOPHIE—(April 28, 1903) married Thomas Hetherington. Sophie was a nurse and worked in the hospital in Des moines, Iowa. Tom worked for the postal service. Both are retired and

live in Des Moines0 Two children: John—married Virginia _, „ 4 children: Lori, Douglas, Holly and Steven Tommy—married Bonnie •. 1 son: Eric. Born in the United States: FRED—(April 25, 1905) married Ollie Cook. MAY—(April 1, 1907) married Alvin Ghylin, deceased. WILLIAM — born 1909, died in infancy. VIOLET—(Sept. 18, 1911) married Dee Bailey, deceased. 3 children: Maretta—married Ernie Michelsen; Children: Michelle, Julie, Faye, Daniel and Kim. Dewayne—married Kathleen Cook Gail Fowler Lisa & Todd Karen—married Rusty VerHoeven Dick Peterson Miles, DeAnn, Sandy Holly Violet worked at various positions. Now retired and living in Bismarck.

Submitted by: May Olson Ghylin Wing, North Dakota

OSCAR OLSON

Oscar Olson, son of Ole and Maret Olson, was born in Norway. He came to the United States with his parents. ;He worked and farmed in the Canfield area. He married Clara Bossert, whose parents were pioneers in Richmond township. Oscar was a farmer and worked for the Agriculture Department. Clara -9- was a teacher and taught in Canfield, Regan and Wilton. Oscar is retired and Clara is teaching in Wilton where they live. 2 children: Dwight—married Colleen Halvorson. One son, Torrey

Melfried—married Judy Schafer. One child: Tanya Both sons are in the Education profession.

FRED OLSON

Fred Olson, son of Ole and Maret Olson, was bom in Canfield township. He married Ollie Cook, daughter of Joseph and Mary Cook. He farmed for a time and worked with several business ventures. He owned and operated the Dry Cleaning business in Turtle Lake, N. Dak. for several years. Because of poor health he sold out the business and is now retired. They have lived in Turtle Lake for many years and now spend the winters in Arizona and come back for the summer. They have 3 children: Kay—married Eddie Tighe. Kay is a nurse and has been working in that profession in Chariton, Iowa for some time, the family live in Chariton. Ed and Kay have two children: Charles and Tamera. Lois—Married Al Schock. Al is a farmer in the Mercer area and Lois is a nurse, working in the Turtle Lake hospitalo Al and Lois have four children: Jodi, Steven, Paul and Heidi. Sandy—married Duane Kurle. They live in Bismarck. 2 children: Darin and Chad.

ALVIN GHYLIN FAMILY

Alvin Ghylin was the son of Erick and Ingeborg Ghylin, who came to Dakota Territory in 1886. The Ghylins were the first settlers in the town­ ship that bears their family name, Ghylin. Alvin Ghylin married May Olson, daughter of Ole and Maret Olson. Alvin was a carpenter and farmer. May and Alvin farmed in Canfield town­ ship for several years, until, because of Alvin's health they sold their farm to Clarence Morris, who now lives there. May and Alvxn lived in Regan and then settled in Wing. Alvin had served in World War I, and belonged to the American Legion Post of Wing. -10- May is a member of the Legion Auxiliary, Bethlehem Lutheran Church and Circle. She was also , school district clerk for the Canfield School District and active in the Canfield Aid and Sunday School. Alvin took part in community affairs and held offices on several boards. He loved music and played for many barn dances in the area. Alvin passed away in 1970, and is buried in the Wing Cementery. May makes her home in Wing. CHILDREN: GERALD—married Hazel Fred. Gerald is a farmer and works for the agriculture department in Bismarck. The farm that Gerald and Hazel now own is the one Ole Olson (Gerald's Grandfather ) settled on in Canfield Township. Six Children: LeAnn—married Rudy Steidl. live in Bismarck where Rudy is a teacher* Children: Michael, Jennifer and Beth Gaylen—married Penny Gustafson. Gaylen is at present in Sweden as a consultant. 2 children: Trina and Tammy. Allison—married Nancy Knudson. At present farming with his parents and attending school. 2 childred: Christopher and Anjanet Garvan—married and living in Bismarck. Jerome (Rocky)—at home Giles—will be a Senior in the Wing High School 1976-77 CLAIR—a lawyer, married Helen Zuraba. 3 children: Craig Chris Melinda and Clay. Clair and his family live in California. CURTIS—a teacher for a time, now works with operation and installation of computor equipment. Married Betty Kapp of Tappen. They live at Sauk Rapids, Minnesota. 3 children: Alvin, Kathy and Becky.

PATRICK E. PATTON FAMILY

Patrick E. Patton came from DePere, Wisconsin to North Dakota in 1904 and farmed north of Wing with Joe Doherty. Each winter for many' years he went to Bemidji, Minnesota to work in lumber camps, returning each spring to resume wheat farming.

-11- Lawrence Bouche and Alice Murphy Bouche came to the Wing area in 1913, where Alice taught school in Rock Hill and Canfield townships. They had two sons: Aeled and Lawrence, Jr. In 1915 they homesteaded on a farm in Canfield township. In 1916 Mr. Bouche died. In 1920 Alice Bouche married Patrick Patton in Wilton and moved to her homestead. The Pattons had four children, all bom in Canfield Town­ ship. They were: Raymond, Mary, Rose Ellen and Patricia. Raymond and Mary still live in Burleigh County. Mrs. Alice Patton continued to teach school after her children were older, teaching 29 years before she retired in i960. In many of the years she did not teach, she was a member of the School Board. Mr. Patton served on the Township Board for many years. In 1952 Mr. Patton died and Mrs. Patton moved to Bismarck, where she still makes her home. She will be 88 years old in April (1976).

Submitted by: Mary Patton Kettleson Bismarck, North Dakota

HENRY C. RASCHE FAMILY

Henry C. Rasche was born July 15, 1866 in Hanover, Germany. He came to the United States with his parents, and settled in Cottonwood County, Minnesota, near St. Peter, in the fall of 1873. Patrina Marie Blege was born February 4, 1866 in Heligoland, Norway. She came to the United States, with her parents in 1883, and settled in Westbrook, Minnesota. Henry and Patrina were married January 19, 1888, in Westbrook, Minnesota. Nine children were born to this union, all in Minnesota. In 1907 the family moved to their homestead east of Regan, North Dakota, where Henry farmed until 1937° He was alone then and moved to Bismarck° I do not know the name of the township in which we lived, but it was: five miles east of Regan and 7 miles west of Wing. Several of the children attended school in the Canfield School District. ( Section 34 in Canfield Township) Henry served for many years on the Election Board and also on the School Board. Mrs. Henry Rasche died in February 1927.

-12- Henry Rasche passed away in 1955? at the age of 89 years. CHILDREN: ROY— a farmer southeast of Regan, passed away in March 1925. EDDIE— a farmer and carpenter, died in November 1937° DEWEY—an electrician and carpenter, died in June 1957« ESTHER—died in Portland, Oregon in I96I. MABEL—married J. A. Kohler, died in Bismarck in 1966. PEARL—married Marrine O'Brien, died in Spokane, Washington in 1973« GEORGE—of New York City, died in 1973* VIOLET—Married Gray, lives in Vancouver, Washington. GRAYCE—married Hunter, lives in Roseburg, Oregon.

Above information furnished by Grayce Rasche Hunter March 12, 1976

(A note from a letter by Grayce Hunter) " I know that Regan was our Post Office and we did most of the trading In that town; it was 2 miles closer than Wing. In those days driving five or seven miles with horse and buggy was really an all day trip. I am sorry that I cannot relate any of the stories my Dad used to tell about the early times there$ the terrible snow storms, the hard times, the good crops and the crop failures,but all of the good, kind neighbors helped to lighten the burdens. Alice Patton was one of my grade school teachers, and a very wonderful teacher she wasc"

Other notes about Canfield Pioneers: The children of L. Ho Ong: Oliver, Clara and Lillian. Clara mar­ ried Charlie Lindsey, and Lillian was the first telephone operator in Regan.

Clarabelle Our married C. J. Kuehl. She had her own homestead in CAnfield Township. She was organizer and Supt. of a non-denomination Sunday School in Canfield for many years. Having no children of her own, she influenced for good, many of the lives of the children of the areaD (From Regan Anniversary Book vy Joe Wold)

-13- Mrs. M. Fjelde, a widow and early homesteader in Canfield town­ ship, taught school in the area. She had four children. Two of her children gained national recognition: Paul as a Sculptor and Astrid as

g ° (from the Regan Anniversary Book, Joe Wold )

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THE JEWS By Timmer Michelsen Wing High School The jews were one of the many people that lived in America. They came to North Dakota in about 1912-1915, from New York, sent by the Jewish Aid Society. They had come from Europe, settled around Rock Hill and Canfield townships. Homestead land, which consisted of 160 acres, is what they lived on. The Jews came about late summer and early fall; and the first thing they did was to make their mud houses, which they did by mixing mud with grass. The first winter was tough for them because they had no money for food. Food was shipped to Regan by the Jewish Aid Society, which was divided among them. The food that they received was flour and salted meat, which was shipped in big barrels filled with a lot of salt to help keep it from spoiling; they had to soak th meat in water to get the salt out. In the spring the JAS shipped in about 20 horses and mules, four or five one bottom plows, wheat seed, milk cows, pigs, chickens, and turkeys. The Jews would get together and help each other farm. They broke up the land and plant­ ed the seed by broadcasting, which is by throwing the seed on the land by hand. In the fall the Jewish Aid Society shipped in a couple of binders. They would get together and cut their crops. To thresh, they would hire some other people to do it for them. With no money, they gave the people who helped them a share of the crops. They started out with nothing; they really didm't know how to farm, so when the crops rusted, they went broke. Because of the rusted crops many of the people left. Some went to town and started a hardware store or a grocery store, with the help of the Jewish Aid Society, while others left the country. One man was a Jewish cattle buyer. He would go around the country and buy cattle; then he would shipthem out by railroad. Jews were close businessmen, as a result, many of the jews, that were businessmen had a lot of business. Because of the shortage of money and food, gradually many of then left the country. A few died, while others moved on to find other means of making a living There is a Jewish cemetery which if northeast of Regan, in Canfield township, which is well kept. Some people send money to Bud McCullough to mow it. Occasionally some Jews are sent back to Regan to be buried. This fall one man came back and asked where he was born. He said he was born around here and would like to see his house. A few years ago some of the mud walls were still standing. Most of us think of Norwegian or German, but right around this area, there were more Jews than any other foreign group.

-14- fumm IA&S TOWHSHSP BEN E. EID The following is a part of a letter written by Elmer S. Eid, son of Ben Eid. Elmer Eid was superintendent of the Wing School for the term of 1921-22. The material was to be used for the book "Our Pioneers"

Yes, we were among the pioneers of Florence Lake Township—but, not the real early pioneers. All the available land had been home­ steaded years before, and some had already moved out when we arrived. Ours was originally railroad land, as was every other section. I am probably one of the few left who could tell anything about some of the homesteaders, and others, as I have always had a good memory and was quite apperceptive. Such names as Joe Peck, Ernest Mackey, Dan McKinnon, I. F. Lytle, John Halpin, Pete Boes, Tupper, L. R„ Johns, Peter Detloff, Paul Stefka, Joe Doherty, Gust Wiest, Frank Blake, U. S. Beisel, Andy Halvor, D. Z. Keeler, Bob O'Brein, the Harveys, J. B. Glanville, Herman Nieters, Charlie Johns, Joe Miller, Sr. & Jr., Fred Nichols, Martin Combs, T. C. Tees, Bertace Beisel, etc. We were natives of Albert Lea, Minnesota, originally. My mother's home was in Nelson County, North Dakota, where they were among the earliest pioneers. We moved from Albert Lea to Aneta (there was no McVille then) in 1907. The location would be about three miles south of McVille now, on the Sheyenne River. In June 1910, my father and I drove cross-country in a tent-covered hayrack and a high grain wagon (150 miles) to Florence Lake Township. We started to dig rocks, build a small barn, fence in a pasture, and broke about 11 acres of soil. We batched it several weeks, sleeping on a cot of hay-covered fence posts, above one of the horse stalls. Then we drove back cross-country to bring back the rest of the family. In the meantime, a storm blew down our bam. So, when we returned we had to use the tent-covered hayrack for a while. But, before long, our neighbor, U. S. Beisel, decided to return to Rossville, Indiana. So, we rented their half-section and happily had the use of their newly-construct­ ed house and bam. Here we lived for about three years, or until we could break more soil on our land, and establish a few buildings. Our house, we

•15- moved 54" miles from Phoenix, where Tom Wilkinson had built it. Tom later owned a store in Wing. They had a post office called Phoenix, but pre­ vious to that our mail came through Sterling. Our closest town, before Wing, was Denhoff—16 miles away—. I start­ ed country school and attended through the 8th Grade, whereupon I rode bareback to Denhoff before 8:00 a.m. and back after 5:00 p.m. on two days to take the state examinations. In January, 1915 I left for High School in Albert Lea in southern Minnesota. I finished there in 2-|- years, entered college in Decorah, Iowa, in 1917-18, enlisting in May. In March 1919, I returned to college and graduated in June, 1921. So, you see, my farm apprenticeship really end­ ed in 1917. The additions to our family, in the meantime should be reported to you by my three sisters here. I might add that all four of our grandparents were natives of four regions in Norway. We have traced most of them, at least a generation beyond that. In a personal vein, my first marriage terminated by death in July, 1956. We had two sons and two daughters. All are college graduates. In fact, I have one grandchild who is working on her Masters Degree at Purdue University. Two others are in collegenow, in Washington U. and Wiscon­ sin U. One more will be in college next fall.

March 9, 1976 Elmer S. Eid San Jose, CAlifornia Ben E. Eid served on the township board of Florence Lake township for the years 1913-14-15. (Found in the Florence Lake Township minutes.)

Bertina, a daughter of Ben Eid was a teacher in the Florence Lake school for the term of 1921-22.

JOHN HALPIN John Halpin, a bachelor, homesteaded in Florence Lake township. John was born in Canada and came to the United States in the early 1900s. He was a member of the Catholic Church. He passed away at the age of 64, and is buried in the Wing Cemetery.

-16- ALBERT GLANVILLE

Albert (Bert) Glanville came to North Dakota in the early 1900s. He worked on the railroad in the Denhoff-Goodrich area at the time when oxen were the mode of travel. Bert homesteaded in Florence Lake town­ ship and in 1908 he married Clara Mae Wilkinson. They lived on this homestead until the spring of 1919 when Delbert and Etta Wilkinson, Clara's parents, moved to Wing. Bert and Clara move to the Delbert Wilkinson homestead in Hazelgrove township. Clara taught school in both Florence Lake and Hazelgrove town­ ships. I (Esther) was small and had to go along and would sit and cut out pictures from catalogues for pastime. Farming was not very prosperous while I was on the farm. Crops were poor and cream and eggs sold very cheap. I think eggs were five cents a dozen. In 1947, Bert and Clara moved their house to Wing, but continued their farming interest. Harold and Dean rented their land. Their house, when moved to town, was put on the lot where Harry Knowles had had his livery stable. Clara was not very healthy after contracting Diabetes, and spent a lot of time in hospitals. She passed away in 1963. Bert lived to be 82 years old, passing away in 1965° Both are buried in the Wing Cemetery. CHILDREN: ESTHER—married Harrison Rodgers. They now live in Minot. They had four boys, and now have 23 grandchildren and 4 great-grand­ children. DEAN—deceased. Married Ann Gellner. They settled one mile south and half mile west of our farm. It was formerly the home­ stead of Charlie Wilkinson. Dean served in the army in World War II, was on township and school boards and was most active in community clubs and activities. He passed away in 1973. He is buried in the Wing Cemetery. Ann now lives in Bismarck. They had 4 daughters: Lois—married Odin Tollefson, live in Bismarck. Sharon—married James- Lang, live in Bismarck. Janice—working in Bismarck Nancy—married Dale Wagner, live in Bismarck.

-17- HAROLD—deceased. Married Mae Sauter. Harold and Mae lived on the homestead of Robert Wilkinson. Their son, Mike and his family now live there. Harold served in the Navy during World War II, served on all the boards of the township and school and was very active in all affairs of the community. He went to Saskatoon, Canada to Lions' convention and was stricken with a heart attack. He was taken to the hospital there, but, in the next two weeks he had several more attacks and never made it home alive. Harold passed away in 1974, and is buried in the Wing Cemetery. Children: Michael (Mike)—married, living on the farm. 2 children Mary—married Clark Wold and now living in Bismarck. Susan—married Virgil Kahler. Submitted by: Esther Glanville Rodgers

EMERSON GLANVILLE

Emerson (Em) Gl:.nville was the son of Jonathan and Frances Glanville. While still in Iowa, he met and married Rose (Rosie) Palling. They came to North Dakota in the early 1900s. They homesteaded in Section 3 of Florence Lake Township. Em and Rosie had the stamina and ingenuity to meet the needs of pioneer living. One story is told of this. Em and Rosie did not have a vehicle for transportation to the neighbors, So, they hitched the ironing board to the horse and "Away they went". Em served on the township board of Florence Lake. Both Em and Rosie are deceasedo Both are buried in Clear Lake, Iowa. They had no children, but many nephews and nieces had much of their "parental care"o

SETH GLANVILLE Seth Glanville was the brother of Jonathan Glanville. Seth and his wife Margaret, homesteaded in Florence Lake Township. Their homestead was on the shores of Salt Lake. After the death of Seth, Margaret moved into Wing. They had one son, William. Margaret was known to everyone as "Aunt Maggie". She was house­ keeper, baby-sitter and all around helper for many of the residents of Wing. When in need of help, "Call on Aunt Maggie". William (Bill) Glanville lives in Bismarck and works for the State Highway Dept. His family have established homes of their own.

-18- ANDREW HALVOR FAMILY

Andrew Halvor came to North Dakota from Spring Walley, Minnesota. He came to Sterling in 1900, and from there to a homestead in Florence Lake township. He was a rancher and farmer. The family came in 1904- His wife Lillian came to Denhoff. Lillian passed away in 1931. My father homesteaded in Florence Lake Township in 1900. Then in 1925 he moved to Bismarck. He passed away in 1926.

CHILDREN:

ALBERTA—married A. C. Isaminger in 1907° MrQ Isaminger had the bank in Arena. The Isamingers moved to Seattle in 1939° Alberta lives in Washington. She is 93 years old. ROY—deceased. Died 1919 in France, World War I. WINIFRED.—married L. R. Glanville in 1915. They lived in the Van Hook area. She died in 1941. RALPH—married Myrtle Farnham. Ralph was a farmer and rancher in Florence Lake township. Ralph moved to Sentinel Butte, North Dakota about 1940. Later he moved to Bismarck. He died in 1962. Had one son, Stanley. Myrtle lives in Phoenix, Arizona. MABEL—moved to Bismarck in 1915. Worked in the County Auditor's office for many years, married L. R° Glanville in 1943° Has lived in the Van Hook-New Town area since.

Submitted by Mabel Halvor Glanville

Andrew Halvor served on the Florence Lake Township Board, sworn in March 26th, 1918—served several terms. (From the minutes of the Town­ ship board.)

EMANUEL HARVEY FAMILY Emanuel Harvey was of Irish descent. He came from Indiana. He set­ tled in Milnar, North Dakota where he married and had 4 children: Thomas,

Clyde, Frank and Mary. His wife, Cora, died soon after the birth of Maryc A few years after his wife's death he brought the children and home- steaded about 13 miles nortn of Wing, North Dakota. This was in 1905° He lived here until about 1924, when he sold his farm and went to Helena, Montana to join his son Frank and his wife. Frank was disabled in World War I. As therapy he did many crafts, of which many items are still in the area. _19_ North Dakota State Library Bismcrc';. ''. ;). r^0;i When Frank's wife died, the two children came to live in Wing with Clyde's family. Emanuel and Frank moved to Chico, California, where Emanuel lived until his death in 1939 or 1940, at the age of 85. He is buried in Chico, California. He was very active in.the Masonic Lodge. He never remarried. Submitted by: Mrs. Opal Harvey Tritsch

CLYDE HARVEY

Clyde Harvey, son of Emanuel Harvey, married Mabel Stark, the eldest daughter of William Stark. After the marriage in 1909, they lived in McClusky, where daughter Opal was born in May 1910. Clyde drove a dray wagon. Clyde then homesteaded a farm near the Emanuel Harvey place, north of Wing, where daughter Faye was born in June 1912. Giving up the homestead, they moved to Bismarck, about 1913, where Clyde again drove a dray wagon. In 1914, the family moved back north of Wing and north of Emanuel's farm, to the farm of Clyde's Uncle Tom, who was a bachelor. Here Earl was born in June 1915. In 1916, Clyde became the rural mail carrier out of Wing, on the north route. In 1917 the family moved to the town of Wing. During the war, Mabel carried the mail part of the time and Clyde worked on the farm. Floyd was born in July, 1920. Clyde carried the mail for 32 years, or until his retirement in 1948. He loved the town of Wing, and was interested in all its affairs. His last years, were spent traveling and near his sons in Waukegan, Illinois. He died at Waukegan in 1961. All the years in Wing were busy ones for Mabel. She was very active in Church work and was superintendent of the Sunday School for more years than one can tell. When any activity needed a boost, Mabel Harvey was the one to give that boost and support. Mabel died in Sacramento, California in December 1970, while visiting daughter Faye. Both Clyde and Mabel are buried in Waukegan, Illinois. All the children attended Wing School. Opal was a member of the first graduat­ ing class from Wing High School, in 1928. CHILDREN: OPAL—married Elmer Tritsch. Retired and traveling about. FAYE—married Buck Harris. Live in Sacramento, California.

-20- EARL—married Gladys Lein. Gladys worked in the Post Office in Wing. Earl farmed before moving to Waukegan, Illinois. 4 children: Gary, Wesley, Lloyd and Erline

Submitted by: Opal Harvey Tritsch

CHARLES M. JOHNS AND HAZEL RUTH BRACE

Charles M. Johns was born 3 January 1879 in Linden County, Wisconsin, to Richard L. and Mary Jane Johns. Richard was born in Cornwall, England. Charles was the fifth child of a family of nine. He attended the Jericho School. As a young earner he worked in the lead mines in Mineral Point, Wisconsin. He and his brother Lawrence (Larry) filed on homestead land in Burleigh County north of the present town of Wing in 1902. Adjoining claims were taken up by Orange C„ Brace. Orange C. Brace was bom at Niconza, Wabash County, Iowa. His wife, Jessie died 15 March 1908. Hazel R. Brace was born 2 September 1890 at Rossville, Iowa, to this union, the second child of five. In the home of Orange C. Brace, Hazel married Charles 15 September 1908. Pastor Fred Wagner serving the rural parish of Aurora heard their vows. The witnesses were Hazel's father and her friend Mabel Stark. Mabel served a lemon pie to the newly wedded Charles and Hazel Johns. During the twenties and thirties they added to the farm lands and pastures, growing wheat, flax, corn and small grains, and putting up lots of wild hay. He liked to raise hogs and horses and produced good animals. His interests were game bird hunting, horse-shoe playing, card games, wrestling, and when he retired he turned to trout fishing and some big game hunting. He liked rich food, such as raisin pie, steamed plum pudding, chocolate candy, warm raisin bread, but was never any hand for salads. He served on school boards, township boards, farm cooperative boards and drives of various kinds. After rearing a family of three girls and two boys on the original farm twelve miles north of Wing, North Dakota, among neighbors of many years, they sold the farm and bid farewell to the prairies, waving fields of grain, and familiar surroundings. This was 1947° The fourth of August 1958 Charles and Hazel celebrated their Golden

-21- Wedding at the home of Norman C. Johns in Great Falls, Montana. Hazel Brace Johns was cared for by Bess Gray or Emma Crow during her five confinements. There was no prenatal care for the women of the Dakota prairies. During the severe influenza outbreak in 1917, she nursed her entire family and cared for the livestock, too. She had a-very narrow escape in her youth. She was helping with the farm work and was driving a team of horses. Almost from out of nowhere a dog appeared. He was froth­ ing and snarling and snapped at the horses and bit one horse. The dog was mad with rabies as was determined when the horse died soon after. All her life she-plied the knitting needles, crochet hooks, embroidery needles and tatting shuttle. Rug making and quilting patchwork quilts fill­ ed the long winters. She made high grade soap that won prizes at fairs. Airing rooms, and airing bedding and getting things blowed out in the wind were traits she passed on to us of another generation. As I write this account I note she died twelve years ago today, 18 November 1963« She is buried in Mountainview Cemetery at Dillon, Montana. Charles (Hazel always called him Charles,) continued in reasonably good health, his hearing and vision, too, going over town most every day for some card playing and strawberry pie. He died 13 September 1970 and is buried in Mountainview Cemetery at Dillon, Montana. His sister Susan is the only remaining sibling. CHILDREN: THEO—(Mrs. Theo Bay) Lives in Dillon, Montana. NORMAN—deceased VERNON—married Lavinia Bailey, Farmed in Rock Hill township, moved into Wing, 1975° Their son Norman is now on the farm. Children: June, Duane, Sandra, Dale, Norman and Sheryl. CLOVER—married Gene Buddeau, live in Portland, Oregon ALICE—(Mrs. Alice McGahan) Lives in Livingston, Montana.

Submitted by: Theo Johns Bay Dillon, Montana

LAWRENCE JOHNS

Lawrence (Larry) Johns, brother of Charles Johns, came to Florence Lake township at the same time Charles came. He filed on a homestead. He married and raised a family. After the children grew up and were establish-

-22- ing homes of their own, Mr. and Mrs. Johns moved to California. Both Mr. and Mrs. Johns have passed away. CHILDREN: Lenora, Jessie, Don and Gordon

Lenora taught school in several of the township schools of the areaQ

CHARLIE KINDRED

Charlie Kindred came to North Dakota in 1910. He came to Carrington, where the family was snowbound for about 16 days. Eventually they got a livery team to take them to McClusky, where the family settled. Mr. Kindred homesteaded about 14 miles south of McClusky. From there the family moved to the Bob O'Brien Ranch, which became the Panjkovich place and is now the Harris Crimmins Ranch. Mr. Kindred bought 5 oxen for power and a walking plow completed the first farm machinery. Mrs. Kindred's neighbors were 4tf miles away. One gets lonesome on the praire. She hitched an ox to a cart and went mer­ rily along to visit her neighbors. This was an exceptional ox, for it trotted right along as if it knew just where it was going. Mr» and Mrs. Kindred moved to Illinois. The only.one of the children who lives in this area at present is their son, Clarence. CHILDREN: CLARENCE: started his career as a farmer at an early age. At the age of 8 years he hauled coal from the Wilton mines with one horse and an ox. He would leave home one day, stay over night and come back the next day. Clarence married Ima Meyer. Ima's mother, Grace Meyer, was a widow when she came to keep house for Charlie Lindsey in Canfield town­ ship. Ima had the unique distinction of riding a real wild horse to school. This white horse was very much afraid of cars and this created problems at times. Ima and Clarence were away from N. Dak. a number of years after their marriage, but came back to settle on the Bissell place in Florence Lake Township. Clarence served on township and school boards. Ima was active in Homemakers, and was school district clerk for many years. They moved to the Mitchell place on the lake, and in 1970 they moved into the City of Wing. They live on the site of the old John Boss house. 3 Children: Eunice—married Gerald Van Airsdale, a teacher. Eunice was a nurse, but is now also a teacher. Living in Glen Burnie, Maryland.

-23- Ronald—married Jacqueline Fetzer, living in Missoula, Montana Russell—single, living in Missoula, Montana. GLADYS—married Herman Seilinger. She is now a school lunch cook in Arrowsmith, Illinois. ELLA—married Henry Seilinger. WILLIAM—deceased LLOYD— ALMA_ CHARLES— THELMA—

Related by: Clarence Kindred Wing, N. Dak.

OLE J. LEE DAN MCKINNON

Ole J. Lee married Johanna Pederson on December 11, 1908 at Yankton, South Dakota. They came to McClusky, North Dakota on March 11, 1904 and lived there until they moved to his homestead in southeastern Sheridan County. Ole was a painter by trade. He was prominent in Masonic circles, and the Redmen. Mrs. Lee belonged to the Royal Neighbors and Eastern Star. In August 1911, Mr. Lee was killed in a cyclone, as was a six week old son, James. His wife and daughter Catherine were injured but survived. Mrs. Lee came to the Wing area to visit her girlhood friend, Mrs. Wm„ Ryan, in 1915, and kept house for Mrs. Ryan's bachelor brother for a time. While here she met another bachelor, Dan McKinnon, whom she married in Jamestown, North Dakota, January 25, I916. Dan came from Alexandria, Ontario, Canada in the early nineties. He took out a homestead in Florence Lake township and it was here he and his bride lived until they moved to the Walter Gambs place when the Gambs moved to Lodi, California. Here a son was born to the McKinnons, Alexander Donald, on April 19, 1917. In 1920 the McKinnon homestead place was sold to Paul Bennett. Mrs. McKinnon passed away that summer, in July. Mr. McKinnon farmed most of his life, with the exception of 12 years when he operated a tavern in Denhoff, N. Dak. He passed away in 1946 at the age of 74. CHILDREN: DONALD—married Clara .Kahler of Denhoff in 1939° They have lived in : St. Ignace, Michigan for over 20 years. Donald is a dentist. 4 Chilgre Donald C.—lives near St. Ignace. Michael—lives in Hartford Connecticut, 2 daughters

-24- John—is in college. Mary Lou-(Kendig-) lives in Denver, Colorado CATHERINE—a stepdaughter, married John Fitzgerald of McClusky in 1932. They came to the Wing area in 1933, where they farmed on the D. Z„ Keeler homestead. They moved into Wing in 196l„ Catherine taught schools for over 25 years, is now retired. John drove school bus for a number of years, six children: Marlene—married Dick Ziemer, live in Minneapolis, 1 son-Danny. Marvin—married, lives in Lubbock, Texas, 3 daughters: Cheryl Bills, Cindy and Connie Kenneth—married, lives in Bismarck, 5 childred: Deborah, Sandra, Kent, Kevin and Michael. Howard—married Karen Hein, live in Bismarck, 2 children: DAniel and Colleen Janet—married Sam Hunter, live in Denver, 2 children: Cherissa and Scott

LaVonne—married James Aadland, live in Wahpeton, N. Dak.

Submitted by:

Catherine Lee Fitzgerald

THE LYTLE FAMILY HISTORY Our mother, Deoline Rongerud Lytle grew up near Granite Falls, Minn. Her parents settled in the area in the 1860s shortly after Grandfather re­ turned from service in the Civil War. As a young man of 19, after finish­ ing an apprenticeship in cabinet making, he left his home in Oslo, Norway, and came to Chatfield, Minn. Grandmother, nee Karen Nelson, was brought as a child to America by her parents. Their destination was Chicago, but a Cholera epidemic caused them to flee the city. Eventually they settled in Chatfield, Minnesota. When the Rongeruds took up their homestead 100 miles west of the Twin Cities, the nearest railroad was 40 miles away. Life on the frontier was rugged. Indians lurked about the countryside, but they were usually docile. The territory was soon populated by immigrants, mostly from Norway. The land was well suited to agriculture and as the farmers prospered, they built comfortable homes for their families. Grandfather constructed many of these homes, and also supplemented the farm income with ventures in milling and grain elevator enterprises. His wife was a good helpmate, with a sharp eye for the budget. Mother was educated at the Willmar Academy and then taught in the local schools. In 1901, her parents retired to Minneapolis, and she and three younger sisters accompanied them. About two years later, she came to Goodrich, N. dak. to teach a rural school north of town. Life on the prairie was a great contrast to that which she knew in her Minneapolis home. The community consisted of recent immigrants from the South of Russia. They spoke German and very little English. Mother learned their language and thus was able to establish a rapport with the people. She joined in their church services and sang in the choir. Our father, Irvine Francis Lytle, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry and was

-25- a native of Wooster, Ohio. Following graduation from the College of Wooster, he headed for North Dakota. He studied law for a time with a lawyer in Valley City and then drifted westward to the Goodrich area, where he taught rural schools. He and Mother shared an interest in dramatics. Together they directed a "home talent" play, the cast being made up of young people in the community. Deoline Rongerud and Irvine Lytle were married in Minneapolis on June 30th, 1909. They left directly for North Dakota to live on the homestead Dad had taken up in the southern part of Florence Lake township. The train took them to Sterling where they boarded the "stage" for Phoenix. Phoenix was country store and post office operated by Thomas Wilkinson. There were other establishments serving the settlers in -the territory be­ tween the main line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and its Carrington branch some forty miles to the north. There was Lakeview, Pelican and StarK to name a few, The area was already well populated. Nearly every quarter section of land was occupied by a homesteader. Their habitation was usual­ ly a little claim shack and a crude barn. This was a pre-requisite of the Federal government for eventual ownership of the 160 acres. Many of the homesteaders in Florence Lake and adjoining townships had come west attracted by adventure in the new territory. They migrated from states like Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. A large contingent were from Iowa. Few current residents of the Wing community will recognize the names of many of the early settlers. I shall list a few: Gambs,(Hattie & Walter)Sykes, Buntz, Bowes, Eid, Hamlin, Rolfe, Combs, Gillette, Davies, Nichols, Blake, Bissell, Jaskin and Dougherty. The sectiori where the Lytles lived was shared by Mr. & Mrs. Harry Mackey (Mr. M„ was a friend of Dad's from Ohio), and two bachelors, namely, Joe Peck and Dan McKinnon. As a very small child I can recall Mr. Kinnon visiting us and I affectionstely called him "Uncle Dan". Later he married Mrs. Lee, a widow whose daughter you know as Mrs. John Fitzgerald. Richmond township, to the south of our place, was settled in part by immigrants from southern Russia. They were hard working, sturdy, thrifty folk and had come to their adopted land to make permanent homes. The English speaking settlers were in many cases "town people" who found the hardships of farming not to their liking. After the lark of homesteading lost its glow, they went "back home" , or entered business in one of the new towns about the state. However, there are those who stuck with their land and their names are well known around Wing. There were four of us Lytle children: Mabel, John Hamil, Francis and Ruth. One of the memorable happenings of our childhood was the time we were obliged to weather a tornado along the roadside. I shall provide a bit of background which led up to this experience. During the early 1920's Mrs. William Nichols founded a Sunday School. It met regularily in the Florence Lake school house situated in the north­ eastern part of the township. This was about four and one half miles from our home. Villa, as Mrs. Nichols was known to her friends, was a vivacious, tall blond lady. At the age of 18 she came from Marion, Indiana to teach a rural school in the area. The time was 1915° She met and married "Bill" Nic Nichols, the only son of Mr. & Mrs. Fred Nichols. The Nichols family were prosperous farmers with a large herd of Black Angus cattle. He had recent­ ly built a huge barn which he painted brilliant yellow. It was a landmark for miles around. Villa came from a devout Methodist family and keenly felt the lack of any religious establishment nearby. This Sunday School she start­ ed was to be the first exposure to formal religious education for many of us area children. It was to become a social center for the neighborhood. During

-26- the short, cold days of winter, Sunday School convened in the early after­ noon. Farm families would arrive in big bob-sleds, bringing food for a pot- luck lunch. Hot coffee was prepared on a New Perfection kerosene stove. Following the meal and a good visiting, we would get down to hymn singing and the Bible lesson of the day. After the service had nourished our spiritual lives, there was more hot coffee to warm us as we made our way homeward over the snowy hills. In the summertime, Sunday School began at 11 A.M. One hot, sultry, July morning, we all got into the two seated spring wagon to drive the four and one-half miles to attend Sunday School. There was not a cloud in the sky. Mother must have been gifted with a special kind of foresight, because, before we got underway she put a couple heavy waterproof horse blankets in the rear of the wagon. Dad chided her a bit; he thought parasols would make better sense as protection from the blazing sun. As we emerged from the service there was a drastic change in the weather. The congregation scattered quickly in the hopes of reaching their homes before the storm could break. After driving about two miles, it was evident that it would be impossible to reach any shelter. Huge black clouds were rolling in across a field to the west. At the crest of a hill we got out of the wagon. Mother took one of the horse blankets and fashioned a "lean-to" type tent in the ditch by the road. She put the four of us kids in this make­ shift shelter. Dad had unhitched the horses, keeping a tight hold on the reins. The second blanket provided cover for Mother and Dad. The rain came down in great horizontal sheets. Furious gusts of wind threatened to take the spring wagon and hurl it like a paper carton across the prairie. After what seemed hours, the storm subsided; actually the duration was only about 20 minutes. As we prepared to continue the trip .home, we looked about. Two miles to the east Mr. Nichols bam was not to be seen. It had been completely demolished. It was with much apprehension that we reached the top of a hill from which we would be able to see our farm. Someone managed to summon enough courage to look. What a relief it was to see the house still standing. The barn and chicken house (the old claim shack) had been destroyed. We children did not consider the property loss; our concern was for the fate of Rover, our little black and white dog. How happy we were to spot him coming down the trail to meet us. There was a joyous reunion of four children and their beloved pet. Mother's flock of chickens did not fare so well. Two thirds of them were dead; their poor broken bodies were scattered over the farmyard and adjacent field. Some of the windows in the house were blown out. A basket of clean laundry had been sucked out by the wind. We spent days re­ trieving mud soaked garments as far as a quarter mile away. This storm had a great impact on many people. The preceding years had been dry and times hard. For poor Mr. Nichols the loss of the bam, his pride and joy, was a final blow. Not long after the calamity, the Nichols family moved away. The elder couple returned to the pleasant little Minnesota town from whence they came, twenty years earlier. Bill, Villa and their three daughters moved to Marion, Indiana. In later years they were to enjoy con­ siderable success in a construction business. Our parents continued to reside on the farm until 1929, when they pur­ chased a house in Wing. It is said that the rear portion of this house was the first structure in Wing. It was built by a Mr. Sach, who was a country peddler who traveled about the country with his horse drawn covered wagon. His wares consisted of kitchen utensils, sewing needs, dress goods and a great variety of articles needed by the pioneer housewife. He erected a small building on :what is the town site of Wing. It served as a stable for his team, while he slept in the loft. When the railroad came, Mr. Sach gave up peddling and opened a small store.

-27- Mr. Stratton purchased the little building from Mr. Sach and he used it. as a dwelling. A story and half addition was built in front of it to make a home for the Stratton family. The new settlement mushroomed and with in a short time Wing was a bustling town with it's own newspaper. Mr. Stratton was the editor and publisher of the WING STATESMAN. His printing office was located in a building next to his home. In later years it became the central office. Mother sold our house in the early sixties. The new owner tore the house down and put up another building on the site. Ill health forced our parents to leave Wing in 1952, when they went to live with Ruth and her husband, Kenneth Wick, in Jamestown. Dad died in 1955, and Mother in I964. Both are buried at Wing. None of us Lytle children reside in the Wing area. Ruth continues to live in Jamestown, where she teaches in the local school system. John Hamil has lived in Sonoma, California for at least thirty years, where he has been employed by a private water company. Francis, who was a physician associated with the Fargo Clinic, died in 1972. As for myself, I have spent the past forty years in the New York City area, with the exception of two years during World War II when I returned to North Dakota and taught in the Ashley schools. I worked 26 years with the National Headquarters of the Young Women's Christian Association. My husband and I are now retired and live in Rye, a suburb of New York City. Submitted by: Mabel Lytle Miller (Mrs. C„ Karleton Miller)

HERMAN & MARGET NIETERS

Herman Meters was born June 30, I879 in Emmen, Holland. He emigrated to the United States in 1902, settling in Minnesota. He filed for U. S. Citi­ zenship there. He filed his final oath in 1910 in N. Dak. He came to N. Dak. by team in 1905 and filed for a homestead on SEc. 18, twp. 144 R°76, 10 miles north and 3 miles west of what is now Wing, North Dakota. He went back to Minnesota and married Marget Boos at Jacobs Prairie, Minn, on Feb. 12, 1907. Marget was bom October 12, 1888 in Rockville, Minn. He brought his bride back to his North Dakota homestead, also by team. They spent the rest of their lives on the homestead. Mrs. Nieters was Pelican, N. DAk. Postmistress at the homesite for seven years. She then resigned to help hasten the establishment of a post office at what is now Wing, N. Dak. CHILDREN: Marcella—(Richter) now at Turtle Lake, N. Dak. Bom 1908 Andrew— 1909 In the Wing Community Wilbert—1911 In Bend, Oregon Marie— 1912 Died in Infancy Leo— 1913 Deceased Albert— 1915 Died in 1972 in Oregon Robert— 1917 Now in Shannon, Alabama Herman— 1920 Now lives In CAlifornia Harold— 1923 Died in 1959 in Oregon

-28- Vivian— (McCloskey) Born 1925' Lives in Bend, Oregon Mary Alice— (Daede) Born 1928 Lives at Jamestown, N. Dale. Marjorie— (Neimi) Bom 1932 Lives in Woodbridge, Virginia Submitted by: Marcella Nieters Richter

JOE SCALLON FAMILY My father, Joe Scallon, and mother Gertrude Kashelhoffer, were born and married in Iowa. Joe bought land in N. Dak. in 1909 and moved his family, stock and farm machinery to N. Dak. in February, 1911. My sister, Neola, and I were the only children then. I was six months old when we moved to N. Dak. The railroad wasn't built to Wing at that time, so they came by way of Goodrich. The remainder of the winter was spent in a sod house, and I re­ member my father and mother talking about how cold the weather was when they first moved out there. That summer we moved to the "Courtney" place where we lived until the late fall of 1917° We then moved to our newly built home on the hill 7J- miles north of Wing, in Florence Lake township. (Harold Heinle now lives there in a new house.) There were four children in our family: Neola, the oldest, then me, (Hallard), Cheryl and Garth. Cheryl died June 10, 1926 of heart trouble, the after affects of having Scarlet Fever the winter before. ( Mr. Scallon had farmed near Wing for many years and before that was a school teacher. Mr. Scallon graduated from a teacher's college In Iowa and lacked only a year of completing the work for a degree at the U„ of Iowa. He was a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and for many years was township clerk and a member of the school board. At the time of his death he was chair- manof the Burleigh County AAA. From the obituary in the Bismarck Tribune. ) My father was a farmer. He served mary years on the local school board and the Florence Lake township board. He was quite active with the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which came into being in 1935. He died of a stroke, May 4, 1942. Mrs. Gertrude Scallon then moved out west. She passed away a few years ago. CHILDREN: Neola—.married Joe Slobojan in 1936 and moved to the State of Washington in I937. After several years they moved to Columbia Falls, Montana where they now live. Hallard—left the farm in 1936 for California. Came back in the spring of 1937° I returned in April of 1942 to see my Dad a short time before he died. I married Dora Wutzke from Arena, in San Francisco in 1937. Garth—went; into the service in the summer of 1942 and spent 4 years in the U« S. Air Force. After the war he settled in California and is now an attorney in Sacramento. Dora and I have been living in San Diego for nine years and like it very

-29- much. Our four children are grown and live away from home.

Submitted by: Hallard Scallon

THOMAS C. & JOSEPHINE TEES Thomas C„ Tees and Josephine Gray were married in Iowa inl893 and resided in Sioux City until they moved to Wing. Josephine Gray was born near London, Canada, in 1866, the second youngest member of a large family. The family moved to Onawa, Iowa in 1871. For several years following her graduation from the Onawa high school, Josephine taught in the schools of Monona County, Iowa. Thomas C. Tees and sister-in-law, Bessie Gray, came to N. Dak. from Sioux City, in 1902, and filed.on homestead lands, Mr. Tees in Florence Lake twp. (Sec. 24) and Bessie Gray in Hazelgrove. In 1903, Mr. Tees brought his wife, Josephine and their three children: James, Alberta and Arthur. They lived first, in a sod house, until a frame house was built. The Tees family was among the first to settle and begin development of the present community of Wing. Mr. Tees was clerk of early township boards of Florence Lake twp. The earliest record was of an organizational meeting held March 25, 1913. Thereafter he was made treasurer of the township and served in that office until his death. Mrs. Tees was a charter member of the Congregational Church of Wing, and she was treasurer of the Florence Lake School Dist. for several years. Thomas Tees passed away in 1914 and Josephine Tees died in 1939° A daughter, Josephine, was born 1907 and died in 1914, a short time after her father. Mrs. and Mrs. Tees and daughter., Josephine are buried in the family plot in Onawa, Iowa. CHILDREN: ALBERTA—taught school at Baldwin, N. Dak. and also in Wing. She married Harry Farnham, from Arthur, N. Dak. in 1925. They have 5 children: Burke, James, Josehpine, Philip and Keith. Alberta Tees Farnham died in 1961. ARTHUR—married Jessie Farnham in 1926. They farmed in Florence Lake twp. until 1937° They moved to the Jamestown, N.Dak. vicinity. They have five children: Arthur, Jr., Donald Leslie, Jean, Wayne and Robert. : JAMES—remained on the home farm until 1976, then sold it and retired. He was a charter member of the Wing Congregational Church, and served on the township board for many years.

Submitted by: James Tees Wing, N. Dak.

-30- JOHN BAILEY

John Bailey was an early settler in Florence Lake township. (Records show before 1918.) He taught school in many area schools. He married Lena Fode, a sister of Emanuel Fode. The baileys had moved to Arkansas. John passed away in April 1976.

KARL JOHNSON Karl Johnson was born July 22, 1879 in Darlstad, Sweden. He came to the United States in 1900. In 1905 he bought land 13 miles north of Wing, in Burleigh County, Florence Lake Township. In 1914 he married Thyra Anderson at Dassel, Minnesota. They settled on his homestead north of Wing. In 1942, Darl and Thyra sold the farm and moved to a smaller one near Aitkin, Minnesota. They were members of the First Lutheran Church, Aitkin. Karl passed away at the age of 77, December 1 17, 1953, of a heart attack. Thyra Anderson was born October 6, 1886 at Strangnas, Sweden. She came to the United States in 1914 and married Karl that year. In 1959 Thyra sold the Aitkin farm to make her home in Litchfield, Minn. Ill health caused her to sell again and she went to live with her daughter for 3 years. She then moved to the Bethany Home for the Aged. Here she passed away, January 27, 1970 at the age of 83. CHILDREN: CLARA— (Schmidt) Litchfield, Minn. MARY—(Behymer) Cordova, Arkansas JOHN- Clearwater, Florida EDDIE— Carlton, Minnesota CONRAD- Cordova, Arkansas ALMA— (Canton) Williston, N. Dak. MAYLAND— Cordova, Arkansas EDWIN— Williston, N„ Dak. Submitted by: Mary Johnson Beymer

-31- mmm mmmw Many interesting things have happened through the years since our first homesteaders settled in Harriet Township. But, I will not attempt to write about those experiences, rather I will try to five an account of the different people who have lived here. Very few of the original homesteaders are still with us, in fact, none who still live on the land. I will start with section 1, where the Jacob Wutzke farm was. The son Reuben farmed for a number of years, but the place is now vacant. Mrs. Wutzke is still living and resides in Bismarck. As far as I know this Is the only farm on this section. Moving on to section 2, there were several more homesteaders here. The Shelkin Brothers had a ranch a short distance north of the Geo. Pehl farm. John Wiems also was a homesteader in this section. I think it is interest­ ing to know that since the Pehls established their farm, four generations have carried on to the present, all with the first name, George. Then in the northwest corner of the section we find that a Jacob Leno lived. David Schocks John Merkel also lived here. The present owner is Lynn Trusty. In section 3, we find that a family by the name of Ludwig Rode lived for a number of years. Next the Herman Rachel family , and at present Ruben Rachels and Edwin Liuskas live here. Skipping over to section 4, and close to Highway 36, a family by the name of Lafe Thomas once lived. I remember he lost some fingers using dynamite in blowing out some rocks while doing roadwork. Doing roadwork was how the area farmers earned some much needed cash, right after spring work. You used either a 4 horse team on a Fresno (scraper) or a 2 horse team on a slip (also a scraper). Roads would be inspected by the township board and where the graded needed to be raised or culverts laid, the crew would do the work. The title of ROAD BOSS carried a certain amount of prestige. Farther north in the same section (4) Carl Schopp homesteaded. Here later Calvin Williams lived, and also Russ Williams. Next a family by the name of Freidabart Morast, then Adam Hoff also lived here. The farm is now vacant, and I suppose the buildings are all gone. Moving on to section 5, which is now owned by George Pehl and Ruben Rachel, as far as I know, a Sherman Wright family lived somewhere in this sectict Mrs. Wright is still living in one of the western states. She stopped in at our place a few years ago and we had a fine visit. The north west corner of our township is section 6, where the David Olsons had their homestead. My parents were good friends of the Olsons, as Mr. Olson would stop in at our farm on his way to Driscoll. He would also stop on his way back. He would usually walk to get his groceried, it is about 25 miles one way. Close to the road (Highway 36) is where Dan Tice family lived. Later Charley Edwards, who did a lot of trucking with a model-T, made his home. Then a Henry Springier lived here for a while. Perhaps others, but I do not have more information. Getting back to the David Olson farm, it seems to me it was vacant for a number of years when Andrew Kraft bought it. Andrew Kraft bought it and lived here for a while. Then they moved to Wing and later to Bismarck. Next to take possession, was the Baldwin Gross family, and at pre­ sent Adam Hoff operates the place. This completes my account of that part of Harriet Township which lies north of Highway 36. Will Tice had his homestead across the road from Dan Tice on Section 7° Ervin Bourgois is the owner of most of this land. Going east into section 8, Here Leonard Edwards lived for a while. Joe Doris, Pete Temonsen, Emil Hinkels and then Jake Knittel also lived here. The farm stead is now abandoned. Farther to the southwest, closer to the railroad is where Jacob Berg, Jr. had his homestead. The family lived here until 1925 when they moved to Arena and operated the blacksmith shop° In talking with

-32- some of the neighbors and a few telephone calls, I am told there was a home­ stead close to the railroad on section 8, also. In fact, there was a sod house which had to be abandoned when the railroad came through. They then built a frame house. The Leonard Elki family lived here for a while. The Kottalos lived here and I have information from a few of the older settlers that a man by the name of Proxy lived here some place. There is no record of anyone ever living on section 9, which is owned by the Ingvald Eide family. Then, across the road, into section 10, and where there still are several buildings, is where Harry Mutchler had his homestead. If my memory serves me correctly, he named the town of Arena. The Peter Regiers lived here next, then George Bridgett, Bill Meisch, Christ Wetzel, Christ Pippus, Ray Wietstock, Oscar Wietstock, Fred Pleinis,, Jr., John Merkel and Walter Dockter. Perhaps, not in the succession that i have listed these residents, but they did live here at one time. The quarter section to the north of this place is where an Iverson family homesteaded and lived for a while. (I believe Mrs. David Olson was a member of the Iverson family.) Then Phillip Miller lived here. The next section east is where the town of Arena is situated. Also, I have no information as to any one ever having lived on the section east of Arena. This property is now owned by the Geo. Pehls and the Eides* Section 12, which is on the Kidder County line is where a school teacher, Clark Palmer had a homestead. A wageman family lived here and then there is the Adam Eisenbeis homestead, which was operated by the Adam Mehlhoffs, Emil Zerrs, and at present the Zerr brothers, Dallas and Wallace. Near the road, on the Kidder County line in section 13, is where the John Laib family had their homestead. Only a few trees remain where the buildings were. John Scherbenski lived here for a while. Then west into section 14 is where the Weckerly family lived. Mr. Weckerly was killed when a wagon load of grain ran over him. John Pleinis lived here for a while, also John Holwagner. We are getting close to Arena again, where we find the Ingvald Eide Ranch. This place has been in the possession of the Eide family for many years. Ingvald Eide, Jr. and son Gene are the owners and operators. Section 15, 16, and 17 are rangeland and about 700 acres are taken up by Lake Harriet. Section 18, on the west side of the township has had a number of residents; Oscar Wietstock, Ray Wietstock, Joe Slobojan and perhaps others. This section is now owned by Ervin Bourgois. I have no knowledge of homesteaders on section 19, but a farm was estab­ lished on the west side by a Marvin Wagner, and later BAldwin Gross lived here for a time. The buildings are all gone now. Several homesteaders lived on section 20, one known as the Beall RAnchu They raised a lot of horses. The Lonnie Bates family lived here for a while, also: William Pleinis, Bill Rath and Jack Bleth. There may have been others. A little to the north Matthew G. Nelson had his homestead. One of the Nelson girls was the wife of Louis Beall. On the east side, Henry Wiens had his home­ stead. He was known as "Thresher Wiens". The Wiens family moved to Canada for several years. In the meantime, Fred Bender lived here« The Wiens family returned and lived here several years, then moved to South Dakota. Next to live here were the Isaac Bergs, the Everett Sees and Bill Pleinis. I have no knowledge of any one ever homesteading in section 21, as it is part of the Arena Lakes. I will not be able to do justice to the history of section 22, as this is where the original Hackney Ranch was established. They had a number of sections in their control. I believe they raised more horses than cattle. The old wagon trail led from here to McKenzie, which was their nearest town, at one time.

-33- The evidence of this wagon trail still exists in my pasture. Later the George Scotts were on this place, then: Peter Regiers, Leonard Elki, the Kottalo family, Albert Heimbuck, Jerry Buller and presently, John Teske. It now be­ longs to the Eide Ranch. What is known as the Arena Grove is about -g- mile to the north east. This Grove would be a story in itself. Talking to Billy Watson, sr. of McKenzie about 40 years ago, when I told him where I lived, he said that the Arena Grove had been the headquarters of some horse thieves in the 80s. Here many 4th of July celebrations were held. There were ball games, usually between Wing and Regan. These seemed to be the biggest rivals. The horse races were held on the north side of the trees. There was hardly ever a race run with­ out the Ochsners having a horse in the race. The foot races were usually won by the Danielson brothers; Charles and Emmet or Adolph Janke. Those were the times when you could still buy 3 and 4 inch firecrackers, powerful enough to almost kill a person. To the east is the desert of Harriet township, a big alkali flat, but it does have water at times. On the east side of the township on section 24, we have a number of homesteaders. A rev. August Haeger lived here for a while„ The John Stein, and the Hilbert and Fred Berth farms have been abandoned for a number of years. Then there was the John Miller homestead, which later came into the possession of Henry Ochsner. The Ochsners lived here for a long timet followed by John Trautman. This is now owned by John Scherbenski. On the south side, E. B„ Sauter had his homestead. I remember my Dad go­ ing there to grind feed. He used a windmill for power. Next on this place were the Walter Magstadts, Walter Sauter, Fred Sauter and at present, Terry Bergan. On section 25, the John Mehlhoff family homesteaded and lived. A son Albert is the owner and operator at present. A good part of this section is known as the Mehlhoff Lake. Going west to section 26, Alexander lived. Later on Jake Werre and Jake Alexander lived here. Just west of here Ferdinand Kopp lived, but the build­ ings are all gone. Section 27 used to be pasture for the Hackney Ranch. There were no home­ steaders on this section. In the last 25 years Bernard Deckert has built up his farm here. He owns 3 quarters and the other quarter is owned by David Bullet There were four homesteaders on section 28. The NEg- belonged to a \ David Buller from South Dakota. The SE|- was owned by Mrs. Anna Deckert (My Grandmother), the W-|- of the W-|- by a Ben Davis and Eg- of Eg- belonged to a Henry Nickel. My wife and I own this section, we started building here in 1940. Section 29 was never homesteaded by anyone, at least, I have no record of it. It used to belong to the Hackney Ranch. The Bealls used it, and at present it is in our possession (Geo. Deckert). In section 30, on the west side of the township, we had a homesteader by the name of Ben Graber, and later on Albert Antilla lived on this place. Another homesteader on this section was Jacob Ensz. On the extreme west side, Louis Beall had his farm. Later on Bill Olson lived here and at present the Alvin Oster family resides here. The SW section, section 31, of Harriet township also had no homesteaders. It is mostly range land. It was different in section 32. Albert Antilla had his homestead on the west side, Charley Aho on the east side, Victor Koski in the middle, and a man by the name of Robinson was on the north side. Mr. Robinson was the only black man that I know of who lived in Harriet township. Oscar Heimo lived on the Aho place for a while, then Peter Remmick also lived here. Mrs. Victor Koski is the only living homesteader of Harriet township. Victor Koski passed away in May 1976. Mrs. Koski resides in Bismarck. Their son Elmer and his wife, the former Delia Panjkovich, are the owners and operators of this place.

-34- Section 33, also, belonged to a Land & Cattle company. Somewhat later it belonged to the Patterson Land Company. At present the Deckert brothers, Bernard and Orville, and the Henry Deckert Estate are the owners. I guess the section I would be most familiar with would be section 34, as it is where I was raised, the homestead of William D. Deckert. It is now owned by Orville and Maria Deckert. The Henry Hieberts live here in a separate dwelling. Farther to the east, Jacob Ensz had his homestead. Later Phillip Mehlhoffs, Jacob Bullers and Peter Regiers lived here. These build­ ings are all gone. On the north side, George Schmidt had his homestead, also a number of others, somewhat latere Eugene Allison family, Rudolph Heid, Ben B. Warkentins, Jacob Unruh, Martin Fast, Rudolph Schock, William Rohrer, Henry Deckert, Fred Mertz, Francis Guerin, Albert Neufelds and Henry Hieberts. On the south side of the section was the Abraham Unruh homestead, later res­ idents being: David Bullers, Martin Fasts, George Pehls, Peter P. Ensz, George Deckerts and at present, R. J. Hinkels. We go to section 35, where Jacob Buller bought some land in the SW corner and built a farm. Later it was owned by John Taves. George Pehl lived here for a while and at present the owners and operators are David and Lillian Buller. This leaves only section 36, which was a school section. It was used for pasture for many years and eventually sold. It is now operated by Danny Mehlhoff. I do not claim that this is a 100% accurate account fo all the people who have lived here at one time or another. Nor, do I claim that I have given them in order. It has been interesting to visit with a number of the people who are older than I am and who have lived here. They knew about some details that I did not. I have not attempted to use dates, as this would have taken a lot of research as to when the land was homesteaded and settled. It has been my privilege to know and remember most of the people I have mentioned in this account. Submitted by: Geo. Deckert Arena, North Dakota

ALBERT ANTILLA FAMILY Albert Antilla was born in Harma, Finland. He came to America as a young man. He came to the Ely, Minn. area. His sister, Mrs. Saarberg lived here. He then came to N. Dak. to the Brocket area. He worked for a time at the Jacob Banttari farm. Albert and Fiina (Josephine) Banttari were married at her parents" home in Brocket. Fiina was the daughter of Jacob and Susanna Banttari. In 1906, Albert came to Harriet township and filed on a homestead clain in section 32. This was about 10 miles from Wing, which was not as yet established. After building a sod house on the homestead, he came to Brocket to get his wife and two children. Eleven children in all were born to the Antill's. Seven children are living. The Antillas moved to the Graber farm in 1914. They lived here until 1928, when Mr. Antilla's health failed. In 1934 they moved to Bovey, Minnesota. Mr. Antilla passed away in 1941 and Mrs. Antilla in 1967.

-35- CHILDREN: ARNE — at Bovey, Minnesota SENIA — married Ates, Tacoma, Washington SADIE —• married Hyrkas, live in Portland, Oregon. OSCAR — lives in Portland, Oregon. FRANCIS — in Silver Bay, Minnesota. ' ARTHUR — in Silver Bay, Minnesota. GERTRUDE — married Johnson, lives in Superior, Wisconsin.

Submitted by: Lempi Banttari Hannus Lydia Lehto Liuska

JACOB BULLER FAMILY Jacob F. Buller, a son of Mr. & Mrs. Frederick Buller, was bom in 1870 in Russia. He was a descendant of the Dutch people. He came to America with his parents as a young lad. They settled in S. Dak. Later he moved to southern Minnesota, where he married Elizabeth Vath on. Dec. 19, I899. Elizabeth was bom Feb. 11, I875, at Mountain Lake, Minn. Tha Buller family made their home for a short time in Texasm vut moving back agaii\ to the Mountain Lake, Minn. area. They were blessed with three sons: Henry, Peter and David. The marriage of Jacob and Elizabeth was of short duration, as Mrs. Bullei- passed away of leukemia in July, 1907° The son, Peter passed away that same year in November. He died of Scarlet Fever. The year 1907 was a trying year-, as it brought much sorrow to Mr. Buller. He continued to live on his farm near Mountain Lake. Then in 1910 he came to Arena, N. Dak. and married Katherine Regier. They continued to make their home in Minn, until 1913, when they moved to Arena. They purchased land in Harriet township. They built buildings on thi^ land. They made their home here until October, 1932, when they moved to Minn, again. Here they again made their home. Jacob buller passed away in October 1938. Katherine continued to make her home in their little house until Jan. 1949, when she moved to the Home for the Aged in Mountain Lake. Here she lived for 12 years. During this time she became totally blind. In 1961 she moved to the nursing home. She passed away in 1961. CHILDREN: HENRY—was born in Mountain Lake, Minn. He came with his parents to Arena. On June 20, 1928 he married Marie Ensz. They made their home at Arena until the fall of that year. They moved to Butterfield, Minn, where the/ farmed, later moving to Mountain Lake. They are now retired and live in Mountain Lake. Children: Wesley—served in the National Guard for several years. Married Arlene Hannigan in 1957° Wesley is a mechanic. Live in Minneapolis. 2 children—Jay and Kurt. Kenneth—served for several years with R.G. Letaurneau's crew in Peru, clearing land. Later em­ ployed by Honey-well. Married Rosa Lee Heppner in 1964° Wesley passed away in 1965. -36- DAVID—-was born in 1905 at Mountain Lake. He was 2 years old when his mother passed away. An aunt, Mrs. Anna Haider cared for him until his father re­ married. He came with his parents to Arena. On Nov. 26, 1932 he married Lillian Deckert. In 1934 they purchased the farm where his parents lived. They still reside on this farm and are semi-retired. Seven Children: Hazel—married Neil Pehl. They reside on the Barkman farm in Lein Twp. Haze'l is employed in the Bank of Steele. On son—Kory, age 16. Marjorie—married Donald Haugen. They live in Mandan. She is a nurse, employed at the Mandan Hospital. Her husband is a painter. 3 children: Michael—15, Scott—11, Susan—8. Joyce—Is married to Lloyd Jukulen. They live at Alden, Minn. Her husband is employed at Wilson Meat Packing in Albert Lea. 6 children: DaNell—20, Robin—19, Daveth—17, Tracy—13, Melissa—9 and Brandon. Laverne—married Thelma David. They reside in Anchorage, Alaska. He is an engineer with the Alaska Highway Dept. They have four sons: Steven—14, Dennis—13, Douglas—11, and John—4. Jerrald—is married to Lura Wallenciak. They farm at Alaska, S. DAk. They have 4 children: Thomas—11, David—9, Lisa—7, tadopted) and • Joseph—1-g- (adopted). Leland—is married to Debra Rail. They live in Bismarck. He is employed at Welk Steel, Mandan. Larry—served his country for three years. He served in Vietnam. He mar­ ried Linda Erickson. Live in Tampa, Fla. Is an auioriecs technician for aero-communications system.

Submitted by: Mrs. Lillian Deckert Buller

WILLIAM DECKERT FAMILY Our father, William Deckert was bom in Marion, South Dakota in 1880, and spent the first 23 years of his life in that area. He came to Denhoff, N. Dak. in 1902 and worked for his half-brother, John Schmidt. That fall he decided to go back to S. Dak. So, he took his camera, some clothes, got on the bicycle and headed south. The third day he got to Redfield, S. Dak. He stayed in the hotel there, and the next morning he took the train to Marion, his home. The bicycle, camera and clothes he took as baggage on the train. In the spring of 1903, he came out to N. Dak. again and built a small sod shack, broke a few acres and filed on his homestead. That fall he again made that trip back to S. Dak. by bicycle, the same way he went the first trip, and returned to N. Dak. This time he brought his mother with him, arriving in Steele on April 18, 1904. The first night was spent at a vacant farm about 3 miles north of Steele. All his possessions were one bicycle, a camera, and a trunk of clothes. His mother had 3 cows and a few other possessions. Dad's mother built a claim shack in 1905, on the land where George Deckert lives. This shack is still a part of the house in which Robert Hoffman lived. Mother, Lena Ensz, was born in Marion, S. Dak. in 1885 and spent her girlhood there. She moved to Ulen, Minn, and lived there for a period of time before she came to N. Dak. in 1904- Dad (William Deckert) bought his first horse in the fall of 1906, and had to borrow one horse from his prospective bride. Then he went to Denhoff community to haul bundles on a threshing rig. William and Lena were married Oct. 28, 1906. One of the first items he bought was a cook stove. They rented out the land the first few years, due to lack of machinery and the price of horses. Horses sold for about $200 each. Dad & mother were able to start fanning for themselves in 1909* Their crop was hailed out btit they got their seed back.

-37- 1910 was a very dry year, there was no crop and numerous fires. Crops were good from 1911 thru 1925. Even at the age of 85, Dad could remember the average yeald per acre thru out his farming years. A new 7-room, 2-story house was built in 1916. The lumber and shingles cost $800. The cost, complete with all the labor was $1,400/. It was oredered from Sears Roebuck & co„ Up until this time they had lived in a sod house, which mother said was always comfort­ able. It was warm in winter and cool in summer. To me, one of the interesting things that Dad talked about was when he filed on his homestead and built his claim shack, he lived in a buck brush patch with a canvas for a roof. This is where he slept and ate his meals. The first car was purchased in 1917, a model 490 Chevrolet. I don't re­ call the price, but it must have been about $500. This first car was traded in on a new one in 1923, another Chevrolet. The old one had 7000 miles in 6 years. Mother was very sick in 1925, especially from March thru October, being in the hospital for two months for one period. Crops were poor in 1926, but good in 1927-29. The first tractor (Fordson) and threshing machine was purchased in 1927. Most of us will remember the de­ pression years of 1930 to 1936. The prices of grain and livestock were poor, and we had to get along with very little money, but we usually had enough food. Very few of the farmers were able to pay taxes and subsequently lost their property to the State or County. Many residents left for other states. In writing this account of some of the history of the Deckert family, I look back to the depression years as a learning experience in life. We had to get along with what we had. A car had stay in the garage for a month at a time, because you could not afford to buy gas, even though gas was about 20 cents per gallon. Almost every young man had a saddle horse. Jobs were few and far be­ tween, $10.00 per month was common pay, and even board and room only for your labor. Prices of farm products started to come back in 1927 and crops were good in the 40s. Our parents retired from active farming in 1950, and then the high light in our history is the Golden Wedding Anniversary of our parents in 1956. Even more so in I966 when they celebrated their 60th anniversary. At this writing (1976) there are 30 living grandchildren, 2 have died, 44 great-grandchildren. Dad passed away November 27, 1967, at the age of 87. Mother passed away, March 23, 1974, at the age of 89. CHILDREN: ARTHUR— bom March 29, 1908. He married the former Ethel Brenden and reside at Roseburg, Oregon. By the time this is published, they will have moved back to N„ Dak. They have resided there for about 20 years. They are retired. GEORGE—was bom August 2, 1910. He is married to the former Annie Regier- They have 3 children. They now live on their grandmother's former homestead. They are slao in the process of retiring. LILLIAN— was bom June 23, 1913. She is married to David Buller ELMA— was born Jan. 28, 1917. She is married to Raymond J. Hinkel. They have 3 children and live in the community. They are engaged in grain farming. HENRY— was born De. 9, 1919, and married the former DorisJean Morrison, of Gackle, N. Sak. They have 4 children. Henry was the victim of a fatal tractor accident on Aug. 16, 1975. This tragedy will not soon be forgotten. His widow lives in Wing. A son, Dennis, married to Charleen McCormick, farms the home place. BERNARD—(Twin Burnette) were bom April 29, 1924° Bernard married the former Ruth Mertz. They have 4 children and live in the community 3 miles south of Arena. They are engaged in ranching and grain farming.

-38- BURNETTE— is married to John Teske. They have 4 children and live in Washburn, N.Dak. John is custodian at the McLean County Courthouse, and has many other jobs in the city. ORVILLE— was born Oct. 3, 1928. He is married to Maria Hiebert. They have 5 children and live on the original homestead of our parents. They are engaged in ranching and grain farming. I count it as a wonderful privilege to have had. Mother and Dad as my parents, as do my brothers and sisters. We have had a special unity in our family. We are especially thankful that we can live in a country which has been pioneered and molded by our forefathers. Last, but not least, we are grateful that we have an all knowing God who cares for us and supplies all our needs.. Submitted by: Gee. Deckert Arena, N. Dak.

VICTOR AND MARJA KOSKI Victor Koski was born in Fin]anri- He came to the United States in 1904, going to Rock Springs, Wyoming. Here he worked in a coal mine. In 1905 he came to Brocket, N. Dak. He worked for Jacob Mattson. In 1906, Jacob and Victor decided to come to the Wing Community and file for a homestead. Victor filed for a homestead in Harriet township, section 32, while Jacob Mattson filed in Lein township. In the fall of 1906, Victor built a small 12' x 14' house. He stayed with the Mattsons while he built the house. Marja Kallio came to Wing from Finland in the spring of 1908. She lived with her Aunt Sanna Banttari through the summer. In the fall she worked at the North Western Hotel in Bismarck. In the spring of 1909, Marja and Victor were married and lived on the Victor Koski homestead. Marja often said that she came to America to get away from milking cows, but it so happened that she did not get away from that chore on the homestead. Victor and Marja were charter members of the Ahola Lutheran Church and the cemetery association. Victor served on church council, school and Town­ ship boards, and elevator boards. They were active in all the community activities. Victor was the first farmer to own a steam threshing machine. Having one of the few machines in the area, he went many miles from his farm to thresh for farmers. In 1952. Victor and Marja Koski moved to Bismarck, where Marja is still living. Victor passed away in May, 1976, at the age of 91 years. He is buried in the Ahola Cemetery. Marja is 87 years of age and is doing quite well for that age. CHILDREN: ARVO—married Elna Nyland, 3 children; 2girls and a boy. They live at Bend, Oregon. VIENO—married Emil Lehto. LAURI— married Edna Eliasson. Lauri was for ,any years a bus operator for the Wing Public School. Lauri and Edna farm south of Wing. They are both active in community affairs. Children: 2 boys, Clinton in Bismarck, and Victor in Kennewick, Washington. ELMER—married Delia Panjkovich. Elmer and Delia farm the Victor Koski homestead. Both Delia and Elmer are vitally interested in this community and are willing workers in all areas and activities. Children: Roger, graduated Jamestown College, Rhonda, a senior in Wing High School, (Graduated) and Richard, attending H.S.

-39- MARTHA— married Steve Kytonen. RAUHA—married Gottfried Bossert, (deceased) Rauha lives in Bismarck, 2 boys. HELEN—married Lavern Johnson, Live in Tioga, N. Dak. 4 children 3 boys and a girl. WILLIAM—passed away in 1942. Submitted by: Vieno Koski Lehto

OSCAR HEINO Oscar Heino came to Harriet towns&ip in 1915 and filed on his homestead in section 32. He. moved to Minnesota in the early 2os, because of failing health. He passed away a few years later.

CHARLIE AHO Charlie Aho had lived on this same quarter, but did not file for a homestead.

JOHN MEHLHOFF,SR. FAMILY John Mehlhoff, Sr. was bom in South Russia in I876. Caroline Holweger was also born in South Russia. John and Carolina were married in Nov. 1902. In 1903"they came to the United States, settling first in East Grand Forks, Minnesota. In 1906 they homesteaded in Harriet Township, south of Arena. Caroline Mehlhoff passed away in 1933° Four children had preceeded her in death. In 1935 John married Mrs. Fredricka Walz. Mr. and Mrs. Mehlhoff retired and moved into Tuttle in 1942. John and Fredricka have both passed away. CHILDREN: Four deceased JOHN F.— married Rose Koepplin, 8 children. MARIA — married Rudolph Schock, 4 children. LYDIA — Married Herman Gartner, 3 children. MARTHA — married Harry Dockter, 2 children. ALBERT — married Beverly Elkins of Regan. Albert and his family lived on the John Mehlhoff homestead. The children have, all but Michael, established homes of their own. Albert, Beverly and Michael farm the homestead land. Children: Leslie, Judy, Constance, Elaine and Michael. ESTHER — married Jake J. Leno, 3 children.

WILL TICE Will Tice and Isabelle McGrew were raised in Redfield, Iowa. After they were married they came to live in Harriet township, -g- mile north of Arena. Isabelle was a sister of Mrs. Harry Mutchler. The Tices left here about 1918. CHILDREN: Alpha, Brian, Leona, Mabel, Lawrence and Doris (Deceased).

-40- DAN TICE

Dan Tice came from Redfield, Iowa as did Billy McGrew. Dan and Billy were married in Redfield and came to N.-Dak. about the time that Will Tice came. Dan settled in Harriet Township, north of where Harry Mutchler had settled. This place was where there is now a gravel pit. CHILDREN: ANNIE—lives in Redfield Iowa EVA —- married Clarence Hanson. Eva -deceased. CLARICE — not married. EDNA — (deceased) married Roy Bond. OMER — (deceased) married Viola Hill. OWEN' — (deceased), Tice history Related by: Violet Mutchler Wietstock

JACOB AND BERTHA WUTZKE FAMILY

Jacob Wutzke, son of Jacob Wutzke, Sr. came to America from Tarutina, Bessarabien, South Russia, in 1902 at the age of 18. In Russia he helped in the vineyards as his father was a wine producer for the Russian Govern­ ment. He began his farming career on a homestead six miles north of Denhoff, North Dakota. On August 25, 1910, in Goodrich, N. Dak., he married Bertha Freadrich Sauter, daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Gerhardt Freadrich of Harvey N. Dak. Bertha had lost her husband, after two months of marriage, of an appendectomy, but she had a son Fred E. Sauter who became one of Jacob's children. Jacob and Bertha lived north of Denhoff until 1916, when they moved to a farm in Harriet Township, in Burleigh County. Jacob Wutzke passed away in March 1955. Bertha Wutzke is malting her home at St. Vincent's Nursing Home in Bismarck, North Dakota. CHILDREN: FRED E. SAUTER — passed away in California in 1971. EMIL •— passed away in Bismarck in 1963. GERHARDT — lives in Tacoma, Washington. ELSIE — married Morello, lives in East Helena, Montana. DORA — married Hallard Scallon, live in San Diego, California. LENORA — married Lynn Trusty. Live on a farm just north of Arena. Lynn is retired from farming, because of poor health. Lenora teaches in the Wing Public School. They have 4 children. All married except Frances, who is at home. Children: Linda, Donna, Dennis and Frances. Submitted by: Lenora Wutzke Trusty -41- HffiL&Ml TOWMI

ANDREW KRAFT FAMILY

Andrew Kraft was born in I876 in South Russia. He was educated there and at the age of 20 went into the Russian Navy. He served in the Navy for eight years. In 1904 hemarried Carolina Doerr. Carolina was born in South Russia in 1882. Andrew and Carolina came to North Dakota in 1906, to the Stark community. They took up a homestead in Hazelgrove township, where they farmed until 1930, when Andrew passed away. Carolina then moved to Wing, where she lived until her death in 1957. CHILDREN: LYDIA — (deceased) was born in Russia. Married Adam Schopp. 4 children ANDREW — married Ruth Baubach, one daughter, Elaine, Who married Norman Beyl. Andrew lived for a time on the David Olson homeste'ad in Harriet Township. He is now living in Mandan. ALVTNA — (deceased) married Gottfried Weber, also deceased. ADELINE — married Bill Fetzer, 6 children, now living in Bismarck. HAROLD — married Helen Bailey, 2 sons; living near Bismarck. ARTHUR (Art) — married Martha Neff. Lived in Wing, where he erected the house in which William Niemi now lives. He was bulk agent for Mobil Oil while here. 3 children: Charlotte, Harlan and Claudia. Now live in Tacoma, Washington. DELIA — married Otto Brose. MARTHA — married Ernest Krein. 3 children. Live at Goodrich, N. Dak. IRENE — married Christ Fetzer (Deceased). 3 children: Chester, Jacqueling—married Ronald Kindred, and Kirby. Irene now lives in Montana. PHILIP — deceased Related by: Delia Kraft Brose

McINTYRE HISTORY Eugene Jerome (Owen) Mclntyre, Sr. came from Ponca, Nebraska. He mar­ ried Rose Portis. They came to North Dakota in 1903, living in Denhoff, about one month while waiting to get lumber out to the homestead to build a house in Hazelgrove township, approximately 18 miles south east of Denhoff, and 10 miles north of Arena. They lived in a tent at the homestead until they built a granary. The granary was lived in until they finished the farm house In 1903° This house is still standing in the same location, today. The family consisted of Mr. & Mrs. Jerome Mclntyre; sons: George and Owen, and daughter, Mary. George was 11 years old, Owen was 9 years old and Mary was 7 years old, when they moved here.

-42- The schools were scarce, so they held school upstairs in their home. As time moved on, they progressed very well, until illness struck in December, 1915, taking Rose's life. Then the boys, george and Owen, and Mary, and Jerome continued to live on, and manage the farm. In 1918, Owen married margaret Muholland and they took over the farm with George and Mary. About two years later (1920), Mary married Martin White. They moved out to California. They had ten children: Chuck, Gene, Margaret, Helen, George (deceased), Doreus, Francis and Patty. Two of their children died in early years. Margaret Mclntyre was very active in all community activities. She served as president of the Wing Homemakers for many years. She was a leader of the Catholic Church activities and the Altar Society. She was very much interested in school and township affairs. Margaret served on the school board and was a teacher for some years. Owen and Margaret sold the farm in 1958 and moved to Bismarck, where they are presently living. They celebrated their 50th Wedding Anniversary in 1968. They are still very interested in the affairs of the Wing community. They come to Wing often to see all their friends and the family, and attend "doings" here. George always made his home with Owen and Margaret, as he never married. He died in 1967. Jerome went to California about 1926, where he lived with Mary until his death, at age 89. Owen and Margaret had nine children. They all helped to keep the farm going until each and everyone got married and went their ways. CHILDREN: PATRICK — married Norma Gray, now living in Minot. They have six children: Peggy, Patty, Pammy, Marty, Gaylin and Mike MARY ALICE — married Aelred Bouchee (deceased). Mary Alice lives in Bismarck. Five children: Carol, Bonnie, LaDonna, Kelly and Monica. ROSE — married Ingvald Eide, Jr. live at Arena. 4 children: Ingvald Eugene III, Roberta, Cleo and Rebecca RICHARD — married Ann Patterson, now living in Bismarck. They have two children: Owenie and Stephanie HUGH — married Luella Pappke. Lived in Bismarck. There were three children: Ronnie, Mark, and Danny. Hugh died in 1962 of Cancer. HELEN — deceased JAMES (Jim) — married Wilma Backer, now live in Bismarck. They have three children: Jeffrey, Cindy and Graig MARK — deceased ROBERT — married Agnes Schneider. They, also, live in Bismarck. They have 4 children: Bobby, Hugh Owen, Timothy and Marcy. Submitted by: Rose Mclntyre Eide

WILLIAM RYAN FAMILY William Ryan was bom September 17, I876, near Yankton, South Dakota. His parents were Mr. & Mrs. Edmond Ryan, who were born in Ireland. William was raised to manhood in South Dakota. He married Mary Elizabeth Nolan in Yankton, on Thanksgiving Day in the year 1907° Their first child, Thomas, (deceased) was bom on South Dakota in 1908. In late 1909, William and Mary came to North Dakota and lived with

-43- Mr. & Mrs. Jim Fitzgerald, near Denhoff for a short time. Their second child was born there. Leaving the Fitzgerald farm, William took a home­ stead in Hazelgrove township, north of Wing. Here another son was born. William farmed and. did road construction work when this was done with horses and mules. I remember Dad hauling coal from the mines near Wilton with four mules on a wagon or sled. It took three days to make the trip. In the 1920s the Ryans moved to a farm in Schrunk township, where they lived until retiring into the town of Wing. Mr. Ryan was on township and school boards in Schrunk township for many years. William Ryan pased away in October 1946. Mary Ryan lived at the St. Vincent home for a few years. She passed away in 1957° CHILDREN: THOMAS — deceased ELLEN — married Anton Novy. Ellen served on township, school and election boards in Schrunk Township. JOHN — died at the age of six months. WILLIAM,Jr. —• He passed away in the C.C.C. Camp, at the age of 21 years, ROSE — married Carl Ginter and lives in Springfield, Oregon.

THE WILKINSONS

Wilkinson came to North Dakota in 1901, to file a claim Then he returned to Nebraska to get his family: wife, Etta and six children. The children were: George, Clara, Iva, Goldie, Sylvia, and Bertha. (Agnes was born in North Dakota.) They came in 1902, by excursion train (over 100 cars) and settled at Denhoff. There they rented a house until they built a one-room sod. house, on the claim north of Wing a few months later. Another room was built on and papered with newspapers. An incident, when coming on the train; the chickens got out and they had. to get out and catch them. Also, the sod house built by Adelbert Wilkinson, papered with newspapers, supplied much pastime for the children. In the evenings they would pass the time away by having someone think of a word on the wall and the rest would guess what that word was. The sod house was located about a mile north of where the Phoenix school now stands (just east of the Dean Glanville farm). They lived in the sod house for four years; then built the house which the Bert Glanville family lived in later. This house was moved to Wing, about 1945° It is now occupied by Eloise Siirtola. In 1916 they moved to Wing and Mr. Wilkinson ran a cream station and shoe store. When he became ill that year, Mrs. Wilkinson operated the business for several years and continued to run the cream station until about 1939- Mrs. Wilkinson was active in Church and Sunday School. She was superintendent of the Congregational church Sunday School for several years. The children of Adelbert and Etta: George—deceased, Clara—married Bert Glanville, deceased, Iva Simonson, lives in Canege Park, CAlifornia} Goldie Heighington—deceased; Sylvia Palling Bighaus, lives in Butte, N„ Dak. Bertha Newman, Brainerd, Minn; and Agnes Glanville, living in Wing, N. Dak.

-44- Also, filing claims on the same section in 1901, were Adelbert1s brothers, ROBERT and CHARLES. THOMAS arrived later and had the Phoenix post office and store. He later moved to Wing and ran a general store until moving to Fargo, North Dakota. Their children were: Alice, Sarah and Ralph.

Robert Wilkinson had a lumber yard at Goodrich and then ran one in Wing. Later, he and Fred (Dock) Scallon purchased the store from Thomas Wilkinson. Dock was married to Robert's only child, Helen, who was the first teacher in the Wing School in 1912. She also taught several other terms. Robert eventually moved to Oregon.

Charles Wilkinson settled where the Dean Glanville farm is now. Later they moved to near Wilton and ran the Peterson mine for several years, before moving to Oregon. Here they had a chicken farm and trucked eggs into Portland to be sold. Their children were Willard, Fye and Delbert.

Submitted by: Agnes Wilkinson Glanville

JACOB SATTLER Jacob Sattler settled in Hazelgrove in about 1906 or 1907. He was married to Christina Haas, a sister of Fred Haas. There were 5 children: Lily —married Julius Zweigle; Isabella—married Emil Sattler, lived on the farm now occupied by Roy Papke; Charlie—married Nettie ; John (Johnnie) — married Sylvia Stewart, moved out west$ and Ervin.

JACK STEWART Jack Stewart married Alma Korp. They lived in section 12 of Hazel­ grove township, moving to Flandreau, S. DAk., then back to the farm. There were four children: Sylvia — married John Sattler; Roy — married Celia Kopplin; Wallace and Jack, Jr. All the family moved to the West Coast. A. J. Kraft lived on the farm, then later and now Norman Rauser.

OTHERS WHO HOMESTEADED OR LIVED HERE 1900-1925

Elmer Drum Mrs. Eva Krein Art Payseno Ivan Duncan Ben Klackenberg Allen Frazier Ted Haas Ed Pond C. F. Gray Ray Hazelgrove Harry Ulfers had a big ranch across the road from Andrew Kraft

-45- WILLIAM STARK

William Stark came from Illinois of Pennsylvania Dutch, French, and Indian descent- He first lived in Emerson, Nebraska, where he married Emma Lintafelter. They had nine children, two died soon after birth.

They moved to Stark, North Dakota in Hazelgrove Township in 1903, when the eldest daughter, Mabel, was 12 years old. William ran the Stark Post Office and store. Their first dwelling was a sod shanty. Later they built aooden structures'

William'and Emma separated in 1915° William remarried and still lived on the farm, although he hadn't had the store or post office for quite a few years.

Finally, the children all gone from home, he and his wife moved to McKenzie, North Dakota. After his wife's death, he moved to Bismarck, where he died at the age of 79° He is buried in a Bismarck Cemetery.

Submitted by:

Mrs. Opal Harvey Trisch

-X-X-X-X-X-X--X"K-**^<-X"X^-X-X--K-*-X-X-* POST OFFICES OF THE WING AREA AETNA —established in NWf- In Lyman twp., July 20, 1907; Charles W. Lyman, post= master; discontinued may 31? 1914, mail sent to Wing. ARENA - established jan. 23, 1906; named by Harry Mutchler. To Arena in 1910 BOHAN - established May 27, 1903 in the farm home of John P. Bohan, Sec. 8, Trygg Township; discontinued march 31, 1909 CANFIELD — originally ANDREWS, established I89I, first postmaster, Wm. E.Andrews discontinued August. 31, 1912. LEIN — established Aug. 29, 1914 with Bernt M„ Lein, postmaster, disxontinued July 31, 1914° ONG — established Aug. 7, 1902 in Sec. 28 of Richmond Township. Discontinued May 31, 1912. PELICAN — established near a lake , Pelican Lake, Florence Lake Twp. May 9, 1905 discontinued Dec. 31, 1913 PHOENIX — estsblished Sept. 15, 1903 on the NW^ Sec. 32 Hazelgrove Twp. discontinued April 19, 1907° STARK — established on Sec. 8 of Hazelgrove Twp., Aug. 18, 1904, W. H. Stark, postmaster, eiscontinued June 30, 1914° TRYGG — established on Sec. 8 of Rock Hill Twp. Oct. 19, 1907, Wallace Lee P.M. discontinued Dec. 11, 1913, mail sent to Canfield. WING — established April 15, 1911, Postmasters: Leslie B. Draper, Harry E„ Bowen, Robert Yeater, Karl R. Knowles, C. E. Harvey, Holly M. Beall, Lenora Collins, Byron W. Graham, Lester Knowles, Martha E. Knowles and Walter Eckholm. -46- urn TOWNSHIP

LEWIS AMBERS

Mr. and Mrs. Alex Ambers came to Driscoll by train in the spring of 1906. Their goods had been loaded on an emigrant train at Lake Park, Minn. Alex Ambers homesteaded in Clear Lske township. There were four children? MARTIN — married Lucy Meyers and later moved to Fargo and then to California. TILLA — married Steve Jandra and moved to Indiana. LEWIS — married Lila Tarr. They lived in Chicago for a time, but came back to N. Dak. in the 1930s. They moved to Wing and Lewis was custodian at the Wing School for many years. He farmed with H. L. Hanson in the Lein township area. Lila passed away in I964 and Lewis in 1966. They had a son, Harold. Harold attended the Wing School and graduated from Wing High School. Harold married Delores Bailey. They have 2 sons. The family live at Sterling, where Harold operates a service station. ISABELLE — married Hans L. Hanson. Then moved to a homestead in Lein township. The homesteads were pretty well taken up by 1907° There were 2 school houses in Lein and church services were held in the school houses until the church was built. The Hansons had two daughters: Marion and Ruth.

DALLAS BARKMAN

The Barkman brothers, Charley and Dallas came to North Dakota from Harlan, Iowa in 1907° They filed on adjoining claims in Lein Township. Dallas made his final proff of ownership after the required length of time. In 1910 he married Hattie Battey of Portsmouth, Iowa. Dallas operated a barber shop in Iowa until 1916, when with Hattie and daughter Doroty he came to Driscoll and the homestead in Lein township. Dallas and Hattie left the farm in 1947 and moved to Arena. Dallas passed away in I966, at age 81 years. Hattie lived in Arena until 1975, when she moved to Bismarck with her daughter and family. The daughter of Dallas and Hattie Barkman, Dorothy, married Geo. Pehl,Jr., who was rural mail carrier out of Arena, N. Dak. for 40 years. The Pehls lived and farmed the Pehl homestead in Harriet township until 1975° Their son, George Dallas took over the farming, and the Pehls moved to Bismarck. George still has his interests and help with the farming activities.

-47- LONNIE 0. BATES Lonnie 0. Bates and Wlizabeth Matson were married at Bismarck, N. Dak. in 1906. They lived there for one year, then came to Lein Township, Arena, N„ Dale. , where they made their home for many years. Mrs. Bates was a daughter of the Jacob Matsons, also early settlers in Lein Township. Mr. Bates was born in Attala, Alabama and Mrs. Bates was born in Finland. Grandpa Matson came to the United States nine years before he was able to send, for his family. His daughters often told of the day they came. There had been a prairie fire the day before and the sod house was black, the ground was black, and what a dismal sight that was. The first Bates home in Lein Township was destroyed in a prairie fire. We lost all the household goods plus several cattle. When we built our new home, the insulation was flax straw. There were ten children in the Bates family, of which six are living. We all attended Lein School No. 1 and No. 3, except for a few years that we lived on the Holly Beall farm. Then we went to Harriet School. We have many fond memories of school days and school mates and the teachers we re­ spected and admired then. The runaways we had with horses happened quite often. One Christmas, we were all set to leave for the school in Harriet Township. Alice, Hiram and Hugh were in the wagon when the horses took off. Hugh wouldn't jump out until he had helped Hiram and Alice out. Hiram ended up with a cut lip, but he still said his piece for the program that night. I still remember the piece he spoke. Harvest time was an exciting time on the farm. The big threshing rig would go from farm to farm. The cook car would pull in with usually two cooks, and. the young men that came from out of state to pitch bundles. The aromas that would come out of that cook car—seems like I can smell it yet. Then with the harvest money we would lay in our winter supplies; 1000 pounds of flour, and 100 pounds of sugar seems to stick in my mind the most—plus other supplies. Then we'd order our clothes from either Sears or Wards catalog. My Dad and the two oldest boys would each take a wagon and go to the Wilton coal mines for the winter supply of coal. They'd leave one day and come back the next. For some reason I'd worry that they wouldn't make it home and how happy I'd be when I'd hear the wagons coming down the road. Then in summer we'd burn cow chips for fuel. Many a gunny sack full us kids would drag home. Much of our spending money we made trapping gophers. The bounty for turning in a gopher tail was three cents. The boys would haul bones and rocks into Wing for more spending money—also the bounty on coyotes. Butchering was. also an exciting time. Neighbor men would come to help—and it was usually more than one pig. The deep freeze was usually a room that didn't have any heat. We'd fry meat for days and pack it into big crocks, and cover it with lard. It never seemed to spoil. Nobody thought about cholesterol then. We went to Finnish Church services at Banttaris one day. My Dad didn't go along because he couldn't understand the language. On the way home, Mother had us leave her off at Grandma's house. She told us to go home and tell Dad to come over and bring a box that was on top of a cupboard. When he came home, he brought us the news that we had a little brother—no sex education then. The baby clothes must have been made after we were asleep. The kerosene lamps usually had to be cleaned daily. Seems the chimneys were always black. In the fall of the year we'd fill the mattress covers with a new supply of fresh straw. How nice and soft and full they'd feel. In the winter we'd all pile in the sled and completely cover with covers, and go to visit at a neighbor's for the day or evening. How we'd enjoy that!

-48- The Bates children, except for myself (Esther), spent the greatest share of their adult life in California. Three of the boys were railroad men, Walter, Henry and Fred. Walter retired as an engineer, Henry as a brakeman, and Fred is a switchman. George was in business for himself. Hugh retired as a longshoreman. Hiram in the U. S. Army; Ralph was a contractor and John owns a Kellog Variety Store. Alice retired after 30 years with Blue Cross Insurance. Henry, Ralph, George and Hiram are deceased. During World War II, there was a 5-star flag in the Bate's window, as five of the boys were in the armed forces. Myself (Esther) spent the greatest share of my life in the Wing and Arena area. I married Arlie Felton and we were in business in Wing for 30 years. First with the Farmers Union for 5 years, then with John Deere Company, 27 years. Our children are: Duane, Gerald and Stanley in Calif., Duane is owner of Fairway Realty there, Gerald is an export-import broker in San Francisco, and Stanley is a supervisor of medical supply house in San Francisco, also. Ronald is in Dallas, Texas. He is manager of Super X Drug Store there. Allen lives in Pocatello, Idaho. He is Regional Sales Manager for Diamond Transportation Co. for eleven states.

Submitted by: Esther Bates Felton

MR. & MRS. JACOB BERG, SR. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Berg, Sr. came to America from South Russia. They settled in S. Dak. near Yankton. In April 1905, they came to Driscoll and to Lein township. They moved by railroad emigrant car with their belongings. After building a sod house and sod barn, a few acres were broke for Flax. The crop was not much, so to earn money for the winter living, Jake went hauling bundles for the threshing in the Denhoff and Harvey areas. Jacob Berg helped to get the first school in Lein township started. Jacob died in 1941 and Mrs. Berg died in 1923. CHILDREN: JACOB — deceased. Married Anna I. Ensz, 10 children ISAAC — deceased. Married Helen Wiens 3 children KATHERINE — married Rudolph Heid, 2 children- 1 deceased. Annie married Edwin Wetzel. They have three children, Edwin and Annie farmed in Lein township many years. They were very active in the community affairs. They moved to Bismarck in 1975 and the son, 'Marvin and his family live on and operate the farm. EVA — Married Martin Rauch TOBIAS — deceased, married Lydia Schmidt FRED — was janitor at St. Alexius Hospital in Bismarck. Now retired. Two of the Jacob berg children died in infancy,,

-49- CHRIST AND NORA BJERKE

Christ Bjerke came from Minnesota and Nora Lindquist came from Iowa. Both homesteaded in Lein Township. They were married in 1911° Christ was active in school and township affairs. They sold their farm In 1950 and moved to Wing, North Dakota. Both Christ and Nora passed away the same year, 1958. The only child was Esther, married Stien, and living in Minneapolis.

PETER I. ENSZ FAMILY Peter I. Ensz was born in Russia and came to the United States with his parents at the age of four years* He married Margret Borne and they came to live on their homestead, 16 miles north of Driscoll, in 1904. Here they lived until 1947, when they moved to Bismarck. CHILDREN: MAGGIE — deceased, she was the first person to be buried in the Mennonite CEmetery„ PETER — married Maggie Jothon, deceased 3 children KATIE — deceased, married Fred Krein JOHN — deceased. JACOB — married Lillian Sampson. AGATHA — married Julius Zweigle, 4 children LENA — deceased, married Andrew J. Kraft 6 children EVA — married John Kaiser, 8 children NETTIE — married Jesse Roberts, 4 children ISAAC — married Ann Wilt,deceased. 6 children MARY — deceased GEORGE — married Deloris Feigel, 7 children.

RUDOLPH HARJU FAMILY Mr. and Mrs.-Rudolph Harju lived in the Wing area nearly all of their married life. Rudolph came to the McKenzie area with his parents in 1904, from Calumet, Michigan, where he was born. Lydia came to Lein Township with her parents, the Jacob Matsons, in 1906, from Brocker, N. Dak., which was her birth place. Prior to their marriage, in 1921, she was employed in the Wilkinson-Scallon Store in Wing. The Harjus farmed sout of Arena and Wing, until 1939, when they moved to Sterling and McKenzie. In 1942 they return­ ed to the area, living 2% miles east of the Finn Hall. They retired in 1959° They moved to Cokato, Minnesota, where a son, Neal lived. Mrs. Harju passed away in i960 and Mr. Harju in 1972. The Harju family was known as a very close knit family, and enjoyed many song fests together. Eight of their ten children are living. Lillian passed away in in­ fancy, abd Otto in 1969 at Hopkins, Minnesota. Only two remain in North Dakota—Ellen (Mrs. Lawrence Bailey) at Mandan and Martha (Mrs. Roy Bailey) in Bismarck. Hubert is at Brainerd, William , Neal and Vernon in Cokato, and Eunice (Mrs. Frank Korpi) at Mountain Iron, all in Minnesota. Judith (Mrs. Arlin Hogenson) is in Fairbanks, Alaska. Their children have 36 children and 11 grandchildren.

-50- It is a good feeling to come back to the place we called "HOME" for so many years, and recall all the good things that happened so long ago.

Submitted by: Martha Harju Bailey

MICHAEL HEIDT, JR. Michael Heidt was born in Neidorf, Russia in 1869. Caroline Landenberger was also born there in 1872. They were married in 1897° Two sons were bom in Russia. The family came to the United States in 1903. . They came to Harvey, N„ Dak., but then settled near Goodrich, staying with Michael's father. In 1904 they came to Lein township, in Burleigh County. Their first home was a sod house. This was shared by three- families. In 1905, Michael built his own sod house. This house had two rooms. The family lived in one room and the cattle had the other room. Michael's possessions were; a tem of horses, a wagon and a cow, which he had agreed to purchase at the end of one year. But, the cow died before the end of the year. He also, had a pig, a hen and chicks, and $5.00 in casho His wages for work were a dollar a day, for which he worked from early morning until late at night. The money was sorely needed for living needs. There were days of many hardships. In 1907 a barn of lumber was built, and in 1911, lumber was purchased in Tuttle for a house. The first post office was Langedahl. In 1908 it was Lein Post Office, and in 1910 the first mail route came out of Driscoll, which was the trading center for the area. It was a whole day's journey to town and back, by team and wagon. Mrs. Heidt was often called upon for midwife duties, as were most of the pioneer women, in the absence of a doctor. The Michael Heidts were members of the Langedahl Lutheran Church. In the first years, services were held in the school houses or homes. Missionary Dralle made regular trips by horse and buggy from Medina, to hold church services, Michael passed away in 1942, and Caroline passed away in 1957° The CHILDREN: Fred, Martin, Lena and twins, Katherine and Elizabeth. Lena died in 1970. Katherine married Adam Binder and lives at Tuttle. Elizabeth married William Plienis and lives at Hazelton. Submitted by: Fred Heidt

FRED HEIDT FAMILY Fred Heidt was the elder son of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Heidt, Jr. He was born in Neidorf, Russia in 1899. He came to the United States with his parents in 1903. He was educated in Lein Schools and attended the Sweeny Auto School in Kansas City. In June 1922, Fred Heidt and Othila Binder were married. The first son, Armin was bom in 1923. Another son was bom in 1925. Othila died of compli­ cations at birth and the child died a few weeks later. In 1926, Fred married Lydia Goll. Fred bought the farm from his father in 1943° He started up the Hereford 'raising business in 1924 and continued this for 36 years. The early farming

-51- was done with horses. Fred served on the township board in Lein Township from 1926 to 1948. He served on the Agricultural Stabilization Committee from 1952 to 1964. Fred and Lydia moved to Wing in 1964. CHILDREN: Armin—married Betty Lou Kettleson. Edwin— died at virth Bertha—a teacher, married Ted Ochsner, have two sons and 2 daughters. Dallas— married Elaine Paul. DAllas and Elaine and family operate the Michael Heidt, Jr. homestead. Dallas is a farmer and rancher. Children: Michael, Michelle,, Mia, and Melaine.

MARTIN AND EMELIA HEIDT

Martin Heidt came to America in 1903 with his parents, Michael and Carolina Heidt, who took up a homestead near Arena, N. Dale. He was born in South Russia, on December 3, 1901 of German Parentage. On December 1, 1925 he was married to Emelia Leno, daughter of Gottleib and Katherina Leno of Tuttle, N. Dak. She was born December 20, 1905 near Tuttle. They were married at the Langedahl Lutheran Church south of Tuttle. They moved to a farm in Lein township, 6 miles south of Arena, where they resided and were active in farming until April 1968, when they retired and moved to Bismarck. They were just beginning to enjoy their retirement when Martin sudden­ ly passed away in November of the same year. Emelia had a severe heart attack in August 1970, but has recovered completely and has been living in her own home in Bismarck. She is active in Church and Senior Citizen work. Martin had been a member of the Lein Township and the school board for many years. To them were born nine children: Anita — married to Carl Wagner of Tuttle. They live on the former J. J. Brose farm, north of Arena, where they are farming and ranching. Anita is teaching school in Wing. They have two children; Carol, who is a registered nurse, married to Vern Jurgens of Taylor, N. Dak. They live in Bismarck where vern is employed with St. Paul Insurance. They have two children, Michelle and Nicole; Ronald, who spent three years in the Navy and married Dorothy Wheelis of Milton, Florida. They are presently engaged in farming with his parents. They have a son, Russell. Wilbert — i-s married to Ardella Weigum of Hazen. He is an X-Ray technician at St. Alexius Hospital in Bismarck, where they reside. Clifford — married Dorothy Westland of Fargo, lives in Fargo and is with Blue Cross Insurance. They have two daughters, Connie and Dianne. Earl — married Violet Wolf of Tuttle, is farming and ranching north of Driscoll. They have 3 children: Alan- 20, who married Margie Malsom of Jamestown, is presently attending Mary College. Children: Steven and Tammy. Dorothy married Charles Scherbenske of Tuttle, where they are farm­ ing and ranching. They have three children: Gary presently attending Bismarck Junior College, Vernon and Debra. Marvin — married Marlyce Anderson of Kenmare, live in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is employed with Collins Radio Corp. Marlyce has appeared on radio with various women's programs. They have two children; Teresa and Andy. Lorene — is married to Harry Larson of Washburn. They live in Fargo, where he is employed with Fargo Tire Company. They have tow daughters: Kaye and Kathy

-52- Donald — is married to Agnes Aurit of Steele. They live in Rochester, Minnesota, where he is employed with the IBM Corporation. They have three children: Catherine, James and Michael. James — the youngest, after attending Bismarck Junior College, de­ cided to live on a farm. He married Norma (Susie) Goldsmith arid live on the former Emil Witt farm north of Tuttle. They are engaged in dairying and farming. They have two children: Robert and Jamie.

Submitted by: Anita Heidt Wagner

JACKOB HINKEL, SR.

Jackob Hinkel and family came to the United States in 1892, from Russia. They lived at Hamilton and East Grand Forks, Minnesota and near Grand Forks, N. Dak. The Hinkels then moved to Kidder County, where they homesteaded north of Steele. Mr. Hinkel lived on the farm until his death. Mrs. Hinkel made her home in Tuttle after the death of her husband. She passed away at the home of her son Emil at the age of 92. Children: John, Rose (Mrs. Batterbury) and Christine (Mrs. Shelby Carney) were born in Russia. Emil, Jacob and Ida (Void) were born in the United States.

EMIL HINKEL FAMILY Emil B„ Hinkel married the former margaret Brose. They came to Lein Township in 1934, to what is known as the Schmidt place. The house was built by a local carpenter, Halvor Paulson. The Hinkels have ten children: Arthur, Alvin, Theodore, Dorothy, Arlene, Nobel, Hattie, Marvel and Maxine$ Grant—deceased and. Emil—married Elma Deckert. They are farmers and ranchers living in Harriet Township, south of Arena. They have there children: Sharon, Shirley and Dwight.

HENRY KUISTI Henry Kuisti and wife Amanda settled in Lein township in 1905. They had no children. They were homesteaders and their first home was a sod house. A few years later they built a new house and barn. Having no children of their own, they became foster parents to three children: Charley and Adolph Johnson and Sinija Antilla. In the early 30s they moved to Minnesota.

WILLIAM LEHTO William Lehto and wife, Hilma came to their frame house in Section 18 of Lein Township, from Minnesota in about 1904° Mrs. Lehto had a beautiful voice for singing. She had also been a teacher in Finland. So, she was a 'Finnish summer school teacher for many years. Students were taught to read and write Finn, besides History. The Lehtos had no children.

-53- MR. & MRS. JACOB MATSON

Mr. & Mrs. Jacob Matson came to Lein township in 1906. They were of Finnish nationality. They came to this area from Brocket, Ramsey County, North Dakota. Two of their daughters were married in Brocket: Anna to Abram Raketti and Mary to John Maikkula. Six daughter came with them to Lein Township. LIZZIE — took a homestead adjoining that of her parents, on the south. She married Lonnie Bates. They had ten children and lived on this homestead until 1930. SOPHIA — married John Heliste, 2 girls, died in California in 196l. KATHERINE — Married Albert Ingram. Died in Bismarck in 1921. ALMA — married Fred Josephson at Wing in 1913° Died in Washington. LYDIA — married Rudolph Harju of Wing in 1921. Died in I960. MARTHA — married Gilbert Peterson, 4 sons. Lives in Kent, Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Matson died at their home in Lein township in the 1920s.

Submitted by: Lydia Lehto Liuska

ADOLPH PASO Adolph Paso homesteaded on the northwest quarter of section 18 of Lein township. He used to have a platform by his house where dances were held. Anyone who knew how to play (at all ?) was the musician.

MR. & MRS. GEORGE REGIER

Mr. and Mrsu George Regier came to North Dakota in 1907° They settled on their homestead in Kidder County. Here they lived for 16 years. In 1923 they moved to the Gerhard Wiens farm in Lein Township. The Regiers celebrated their 45th Wedding Anniversary in 1951° Mr. Regier passed away in 1954, of a heart attack. Mrs. Regier lived with her children until she passed away in 1961. The Regiers were members of the Mennonite Zion Church of Arena. CHILDREN: Joe —Single, lives on the home place Annie — married George Deckert. Farm in Harriet Township. Emma — married Abe Friesin

-54- JOHN 0. RISE

John 0. Rise was the son of Mr. & Mrs. Johannes S. Rise, an early pioneer in the Lein township area. He was born in Hesper, Iowa and worked his way across country to his Uncle's in South Dakota. Here he married Ida C. Aasen, in 1904. They lived in South Dakota until 1912, when his father wanted his only son to come to North Dakota. CHILDREN: of John and Ada Rise, OLGA — Lives on the farm with her brothers. OLIVE — (Mrs. Harold Deede) lives at Woodworth. SELMA — owned and operated a store and the Post Office in Arena for many years. She was treasurer for the Arena School Dist. JOSEPH — passed away in 1955. CLARENCE — lives in Raymond, Washington. ARTHUR — and IRWIN — operate the farm. ERNEST — passed away in 1961. CLARA — (Mrs. Raymond Morris) is a teacher. Now lives and teaches in Wilton. GLENWOOD — passed away in 1963. EVERETT — married Mabel Rudolph, Minnesota.

HALVOR PAULSON Halvor Paulson homesteaded in Section 15, Lein Township. Halvor was a master carpenter and many building in the area attest to his craftsmanship.

************* (HARVESTING, from Page 5) ripening of the grain. By cutting the grain with a swather and leaving it in the swath for a few days to dry, the combind has come to be the popular way of harvesting and threshing. At the present time there are both tractor drawn swathers and self-propelled ones. So, one man can do his own harvesting and threshing alone, if he is not farming extensively. The combines are built in such a way that they can either take the grain while it is still standing (if dry enough to thresh) and thresh it right away, or if in the swath, attach a small device to take the grain out of the windrows. So, the last 50 years have truly shown a great improvement in the harvesting of grain which has been a real boon to the farmers. The cost of all this steadily improved machinery, however, takes about all the money a farmer can make to keep up with the times.

(Written in 1957 by David Trygg) Contributed by: Ruth Trygg Hein (Daughter of David TRygg)

-55- LYMM 70WNBHIP

THE LYMAN FAMILY

In 1903, Charles Warren Lyman and two sons, Myron and Lester homestead­ ed on section 8, in Lyman Township. It was not Lyman at that time for it was later named for this family.The next year, Mrs. Lyman (Louella Wilkins) and their daughters Myra, Emily and Ida, and a son Wilbur came to N„ Dak. The family had lived in Iowa, Kansas, South Dakota and Nebraska, before coming to North Dakota from Talcott, South Dakota This land was homestead land. Here they built a small house. Shortly after the Lymans came, Aetna Post Office was established through the efforts of Mrs. Lyman. Mrs. Lyman was the first Postmistress. The post office was in a bedroom of their small house. The mail carrier came to Sterling, about 20 miles away, by team and 2-seated buggy, making three trips a week. He would also take passengers, charging 250. Meals were served by the Lymans, to the carrier and his passengers, if any. The mail carrier went to Stark Post Office and made his return trip the next day. The Lyman men folk were carpenters and built a school house. This school was built one-half mile south of the Lyman homestead. They also built many other buildings in the area. A daughter, Alice, oldest of the children was married before the family came to North Dakota. She did not come with the family. The Lyman sisters were all school teachers and taught many school in this area. Myra married Gilbert Cotes in 1904, in South Dakota. After spending a couple of years at his home in Talcott, they came to N. Dak. to homestead on Section 6 in Lyman Township. Gilbert Cotes was also a school teacher. They had a son bom In South Dakota, and a daughter who was born here. The son, Warren and the daughter, Dorothy attended school here. Lester was married to Dora Tolliver. They had two sons while they were here; Luther and Ward. After they moved away from here they had another son, James, and a daughter, Ruth. Myron married Vern Durant. Part of the Lyman family moved to St. Hilaire, Minnesota in 1909. When they moved away, the post office Aetna, was moved to the Cotes' place. Mr. Cotes became the post master. That building still stands on the same place. The Aetna post office was closed when Wing town was built. Later, after some residence in Minnesota, the Lymans moved to Onalaska, Texas. Mrs. Lyman died there. Alma married George Oeschlen. They moved to Dallas, Texas. Mr. Lyman and the rest of his family came back to North Dakota. They made their home with the Gilbert Cotes, until he went to Washington, about 1920, where he died suddenly. Emily married Emil Moses in 1916. Emil Moses had a small grocery store on his farm while he was a bachelor. Emily and Emil had six children: Louella, Milton, Lawrence, Carl, George and Marlowe. Ida married Theodore Thorson in 1920. They had four children: Theodore, Elmer, Ruth and Frances. Submitted by:

Clara Olson Wanttaja

-56- The Finns who settled in Lyman Township Submitted by: Lydia Lehto Liuska

CHARLIE ELIASON and wife, Mary, came to their homestead in 1906, from Gullerton, North Dakota. They had five children: Katie, Eddie, Lizzie, Sandra and Helen.

JOHN JARVI and wife Katie (Eliasson) farmed around Wing for many years. Their children: Elmer, William, David, Hilma, Sadie and Eino.

ALEX ESKELI FAMILY

Alex Eskeli came to the United States from Finland in 1901. He came to Brocket, North Dakota and filed on a homestead there. He, then worked to earn money to go back to Finland to get his wife and two children. That fall he did go back. He returned in 1902 and settled in Brocket. The call of new homestead land near Bismarck, prompted Alex and four others to file homestead claims in Lyman township. There were a few homesteaders here, most living in sod houses, though some had small wooden buildingsa Mr. Eskli returned to Brocket and brought his wife and children by train to McKenzie. From there they rode in a lumber wagon to the homestead. The first winter was severe. It was spent in a 2-room sod house with the Jacob Erkellas, who had been there a year. After two days of blizzard, the house and barn were covered. To get out, the snow was shoveled inside and put in boilers and tubs on the floor, thus digging a hole just big enough for a man to crawl out. In the spring of 1903, Alex built his own sod house, plowing the sod with one horse and walking plow. Children: Arvid, Alma (Mrs. Wahlman), Aina (Mrs. Antilla) Deceased, Arne Alina (Mrs. Fredickson) , Axel, Ambros, Aldo, Adolph and Florence ( Mrs. Stenrud).

JOHN HANGO, was a single fellow who came from Brocket, North Dakota in about 1904. He also had a homestead.

-57- JOHN HOKANA

John Hokana was born in 1884, in Michigamme, Michigan. He came to Guelph, North Dakota with his parents the same year. His wife, Alma Siirtola, was born in Finland and came to the United States with her parents the Jacob Siirtolas in 1900. They settled in Hecla, South Dakota. John and Alma were married in Ellendale, North Dakota in 1905. They came to the Wing area, to the homestead in Lyman Township in 1906. They homesteaded on the SEj of section 22. Mr. Hokana served on the school board, the Farmers Elevator Board and they were members of the Lutheran Church. CHILDREN: MAYME, ARTHUR and RAYMOND—still reside on the original homestead. Theodore (Ted)— married Elma Liuska, they have one son, John and live on a farm near Wing* WILLIAM (Bill)—is an electrician and lives at Wing, N.Dak. HENRY — passed away at Wing in 1946. ELLEN — married Harold Smith, they have three sons: Ronold, Kenneth, and Richard and live at Colona, Illinois. John Hokana died in 1946 and Alma Hokana died in 1945°

AUGUST KANGAS FAMILY

August Kangas and his wife Eva were both born at Happajanella, Oulnn Laanu, Finland* They came to the United States, in 1902 and settled at Brocket, N. Dak. In 1904 , with his wife and son, Armas, August came to Lyman township where he lived until 1936. He then moved to Lein Town­ ship, to the Henry Kuisti farm. The family lived here until 1943 when they purchased the old Peter Hill homestead* Mr. Kangas would walk a distance of seven miles one way to get their mail while they lived in Lyman township. Later, he also walked to Wing. Mr. Kangas passed away in 1947, and Mrs. Kangas passed away in 1949° There were nine children, four died in infancy* ARMAS — passed away in 1958 ALMA — (Mrs. Fred Mulari) passed away in 1970. ADOLPH — married and lives in California JOHN & AINO—

58- OSCAR KAVONIUS

Oscar Kavonius and wife, Olga, had a homestead, also. They came from Fullerton, North Dakota in 1905° Oscar was the able Janitor at the Suomi Synod Church, which was very close to their home. At that time the offering at services was taken into a bag on the end of a long pole. Oscar maneu­ vered that oole very well. CHILDREN: Edith, Martha, George, Leonard, Sylvia and Vieno.

ROBERT KIRMU was single. He came here in 1912.

KALLE KOIVU

Kalle Koivu arrived in Wing in the early years. He was an able carpenter. He married Edith Kavonius, and settled on a farm. Their sons: Andrew and Henry; and they also made a home for Walter and Harols Pihlaja, whose parents were deceased. Later the Koivus moved to Angara, Minnesota.

TYYNE KOSKELA

Tyyne Koskela came to the United States as a teenager, from Finland, in the early 20s, when Jacob Siirtola made a trip to Finland. She accompanied him here, and lived at their home for a while. Others who came here with Mr. Siirtola were: August Koskela and Hilda Wisuri, later Mrs. George Kavonius. Tyyne worked at several homes and attended summer school taught by Hugo Hillila. Later she was married to Carl Teppo. They lived in Wing, where she bought cream and Carl operated a garage. Mrs. Teppo has lived in Seattle, Washington many years. Carl has passed away. Their children: Teddy, Clara, Bertha, and Janet.

HENRY KUOSMA was a single fellow, coming from Brocket, North Dakota, in 1905. He homesteaded in Lyman Township. In later years he worked as a harmhand for many area farmers.

KALLE BERA, a single fellow, lived in a sod house on his homestead. H came from Brocket, North Dakota in 1906.

EMIL HILL and wife had a homestead in Lyman Township. They came from Hibbing, Minnesota, in 1905. They had no children.

-59- ANTON LEPISTO

Anton Lepisto and Selma Siirtola were married in 1909° They homesteaded in Lyman Township, where they lived for many years. They moved to Braddock, North Dakota in 1926, and later from there to Seattle in 1934° CHILDREN: Four children died in infancy FLORENCE, LEMPI, VERNA, LINDA, BETTY, AND ELLEN REINO — died at 13 years of age. SULO — In the service in World War II, died in Shanghi, China.

JOHN MAKI homesteaded in Section 6 of Lyman Township. He was a bachelor. He was not there very long, possibly three years. It is not known where he went*

HENRY MULARI FAMILY

Henry Mulari and wife, Amelia, came from Fullerton, North Dakota, into Lein Township in about 1907° They lived there for some years and then moved into Lyman. From there they moved to Minnesota in the 30s* The children remember many big prairie fires that they fought to save their home. Also, well remembered is the coverea sled, in which they had to go to school in, in the winter. Pioneer days were days of many hardships. CHILDREN: Two girls and two boys are deceased* HILMA — married Edward Aalto ESTHER — Mrs. Thoyre, lives in Wing. RAYMOND, ART, OSCAR AND FRED.

NELS NIEMI came to his homestead in 1905, from Brocket, North Dakota. He married Hilda Josephson. They had an adopted child, former Lydia Johnson. After seventeen years of married life, they had four children: Ruth, Reino, Ralph and Rudolph.

OSCAR PESONEN and wife Selma (Pihlaja) settled on a farm in Lyman town­ ship in 1905. Selma was born in Finland and came to South Dakota. The Pesonens came to North Dakota from Frederick, South Dakota* They adopted two children: Rauha, and Everet Johnson.

-60- ISAAC KENNILA and wife Ida, settled on a homestead in 1907° They came from Brocker, North Dakota. They farmed for many years. CHILDREN: Alfred, Sulvia, Ina, Lillian and George.

HENRY PIHLAJA homesteaded in Lyman Township in 1906. He came from Fullerton, North Dakota. He married Jennie Banttari. Henry was a great musician and traveled many miles to have a "session" with other who loved music. He played for dances at the Finn Hall and in the Finn Band. Henry passed away some years ago. Even tho the land has been sold, Jennie has her house on the same land. She has lived there for over 60 years, as of February 1976. The Philajas had no children, but they raised their niece, Saima.

ANNA PIHLAJA, mother of Henry, Alex, Mrs. Oscar Kavonius and Mrs. Oscar Pesonen, lived many years with the Oscar Pesonens. She came from Finland,,

JOHN RIIKOLA came from Michigan in 1912. He homesteaded in Lyman township. He married Emilia Banttari. They had four children: Linda, Dorothy, Katherine, and Emil.

ALEX PIHLAJA and his wife, Alina, came to their homestead from Fullerton, North Dakota. Children: Ailie, Walter, Saima, Harold, Lauri and Werner.

WALTER OJANEN also worked around Wing in the earlier days. He later married Fannie Antilla. They lived on several farms before moving to Bismarck, Children: Sadie, Cella, Aune, Helge, Mabel and Mildred.

HERMAN WALLIO and his wife, Gustava, came from Hecla, South Dakota, to his homestead in 1907,. Children: Nina, Esther, Hilda, Edna, Steve, Charlie, and John. The "Ahola Cemetery" is located on the Wallio land.

PETER WANTTAJA and his wife, Hulda, settled on a homestead and farm­ ed in Lyman Township in 1906. They came from South Dakota. They had one son, William. Later they moved to Dassell, Minn., but son William stayed here.

-61- JACOB SIIRTOLA

Jacob Siirtola came from Finland to Ironwood, Michigan in 1891. Here he worked in the ore mines. In I898 he moved to Sand Coulee, Montana. In Montana he worked in the coal mines. His son Felix came from Finland in I896. Jacob moved to Hecla, South Dakota, where his wife and five children came when they arrived from Finland. His wife was Maria Koskela, born in Finland. In 1906 the Jacob Siirtolas moved to Wing, to a homestead in Lyman township. Maria Siirtola died in 1921. Jacob remarried in 1925, but this wife passed away after three months of marriage. Jacob made a trip to Finland in 1913° After the death of his second wife Jacob lived around with his children. For a time he lived in Alderwood Manor, Washington, then he came to live with the John Hokanas. Jacob died in 1940. CHILDREN: FELIX — was born in Finland in 1879. He died in Bismarck, at St. Vincent Home, in 1949. HEMMING — Born in 1880. Homesteaded in this area. Never married. died in 1911. HILMA — Mrs. William Poykko, Bom in 1882. ALMA — Mrs. John Hokana, born in I884. HELMO — Born in I887, married Aino Pesonen in 1916. He bought land in Lyman Township. Passed away in 1950. CHILDREN: Linda, Martha, Hulda (Mrs. Virgil Little), Felix, Everett, Leonard, Francis, Henry, Selma(Mrs. Anton Lepisto* SELMA

FELIX SIIRTOLA Felix. Siirtola married Eloise Olson. They farmed for a time south of Wing. Then they moved into the town of Wing. CHILDREN: Joann — married Harry Braun, live in Mankato , Minn. Dale — married Wanda Victor, Live in Wing. Gene — married Sandra Papke, Live in Bismarck. Robert — married and live in Mankato, Minn. James — married Debra Ennen, Live in Bismarck. Roland — married Elaine Mehlhoff, Live in Mankato, Minn. Joyce — single, works in Mankato. Sandra — attends school in Wing.

EVERETT SIIRTOLA works on the Great Lakes in shipping. Leonard Siirtola married and with Henry manage the homestead. FRANCIS SIIRTOLA is married. SELMA SIIRTOLA is married to Anton Lepisto.

-62- JOHN A. WAISTE

John Waiste's grandfather, Sakari Waisanen, who was born in Joki-jarvi, Finland, in 1825, and his wife Anna came to Ishpeming, Michigan in 1881 and to Frederick or Savo area,.Dakota Territory in 1882, to file on a homestead. Anna was a frail woman and it was a common sight to see her coming to church on Sunday, sitting on a seat of a hayrake, which was pulled by an ox, or when snow was on the ground, her husband would pull her on a sled. She died in 1895 and Sakarie died in 1921. Sakaris son Saul was born in Joki-jarvi, Finland in 1856. He worked In Norway in the fisheries to earn money for passage to America. He married L Leena Ponkola. Two children were born: John August- Oct. 30, I878 and Selma Hilda—1880. His wife died and he migrated with the two small children to Ishpeming, Michigan in 1880, where he remarried. Saul with his two small children and his new wife, Kaisa Maria, moved to Frederick, Dakota Territory in 1882. He homesteaded next to Saul's father's homestead. They operated jointly. Both had sod houses, Saul's soddy having lasted until recent years. In I898 the Waiste family moved to Ludden, North Dakota area, settling on the west side of the James River. There Saul was a large operator, owning much land and personal property and a good set of farm buildings. In the meantime, Saul had changed his name from Waisanen to Waiste, and the younger children later changed it to Weiste. Saul died in 1924 leaving wlwven children, twin daughters having died in infancy. John August married Lovisa Wuolu in 1908. Lovisa was born to Simon and Brieta (Ylikarkalo) Wuolu in 1885 in Hecla, Dakota Territory. Simon had migrated from Paavola, Finland, where he was bom in 1841, and his wife was born there in I848. He arrived in Michigan in 182 and shortly to Duluth, Minnesota adn to Dakota Territory in I883, to homestead in Brown County. He made a trip to Duluth by walking, coming back by train. His: wife and seven children came from Finland in I884. Three more children were born to them, one of them being Lovisa. Mr. Wuolu was known for punctuality and honesty. Mrs. Wuolu was pleasant and hospitable. The Waisanens and Wuolus were charter members of the Finnish Apoltolic Lutheran Church, near Frederick, South Dakota. This church was organized and built in I884. This old church was restored in 1972-73, and dedicated as a memorial to the faithful Christian pioneers. John and Lovisa came to the Wing area in 1908. They settled in the southeast of Lyman township, but later moved to seven miles south and one- half mile west, to be closer to school as the children were growing and would be going to school. John and Lovisa raised six children, living in Lyman Township all the while. John served on the township board and school board, continuously. He was interested in education and was an avid reader. Lovisa was friendly and was often seen lending a helping hand in the neighborhood. She died in 1939, and John in 1955° They were both laid to rest in the Ahola Cemetery, south of Wing. CHILDREN: NINA MARIA —(Mrs. Edwin Seppanen) ,born January 10, 1909. JENNIE SOPHIA ELIZABETH—(Mrs. Glen Adams), bom April 27, 1910. JOHN ARTHUR EDWIN—deceased, bom July 10, 1913. FLORENCE LOUISE MILDRED —(Mrs. Elmer Swartz) , bom February 3, 1915. WALTER ERNEST — deceased, bom April 14, 1913° EARL RAYM0N — bom July 29, 1916.

-63- The following Lyman Township items have beer: submitted by: Clara Olson Wanttaja.

CLAUDE CHAPPELL

Claude Chappell was the son of George Chappell and the brother of Mrs. John Sharp. Mr. and Mrs. Claude Chappell came to Lyman Township in about 1904° They homesteaded about a mile NW of Sharp's place on Section 28 or 29 of Lyman Township. Their children : Katherine, Lucy, Eliza, Mary, Georgia and Jack, and a nephew, John who lived with them.

SAM DRONEN

The Sam Dronen family came to Lyman Township in about 1914 and settled on a farm on Section 20 in Lyman Township. Some of the family went to Minnesota, but, Gerald, Andrew and Harold stayed here until about 1935- Then they, also, moved to Minnesota. Mr. Dronen was a farmer and part time carpenter. He built the School # 2, in Lyman Township. The Dronens were not homesteaders. They purchased the land they were on from previous homesteaders, The children were: Andrew, Harold, Arthur, Sigurd, Gerald, Gertrude and Annie.

WALTER DURANT once lived on the place vacated by the POMROYS and later the ED FRESHOUR family moved to that place. They lived there until the early 1920s, when they moved to a place near Driscoll. They had several children. Some of the names were: Alice, Ralph and Buster.

L. C. HOLMES FAMILY The L. C. Holmes family came from Minnesota, to live in Lyman township. Mr. Holmes was very community minded. He served on all boards of the township and school district. He was a school board member for many years and held the post of township treasurer and assessor until the time of his death. A few years after the older couple died, this place was completely demolished by a tornado. CHILDREN: IVA — married Albert Little. She taught school many years. The Littles moved to Wing to retire. Iva passed away here. She was School district treasurer at the time of her death. Albert moved to a home in Bismarck, where he lived several years before his death. They had one adopted daughter, Joan.. She married Hubert Harju. GRACE — was also a school teacher. She married Roy Farley. After Roy's death, Grace came to Wing to live with her brother, Frank.

-64- HERBERT — married Beulah Farley. They lived in Bismarck for most of the years of their marriage. After Beulah died, Herb came to Wing to spend most of his time with Frank. FRANK — never married. Retired into Wing from farming. He passed away here.

MR. & MRS. LAPIER homesteaded on section 10 of Lyman Township. They had two children: Lester and Marie.

The McCLURIE family homesteaded on section 4 in Lyman Township. They did not stay very long. They left about 1910. They had a large family. One girl was named Jessie. They had an auction, sale and possibly moved to Bismarck after that.

OLIVER MILLET, a negro homesteaded on section 4 of Lyman Township. He left there quite early, but came back later and lived in Wing Township, section 32. He was married then, and had two children: Edgar and Tina. They raised vegetables to sell.

MR. OBERHAM homesteaded on Section 6 of Lyman Township. He did not stay very long. It is not known where he went.

MR. AND MRS. POMROY homesteaded on Section 28 in Lyman Township in about 1904. They had one son. They left here about 1910 to go to Montana.

ED SCHMIDKUNZ

Ed and Hazel Schmidkunz and family came to the Sterling area in about 1906. They settled in Lyman township north of the south Patterson Ranch. This ranch was run by Frank Durant, who had staked out his claim in 1902. Ed went to work for Mr. Durant. In 1920 the family movedto a farm morth of Dawson, North Dakota. In 1942 the family moved 16 miles north of Dawson and farmed there until 1957, when Edmund retired and moved to Bismarck, in I968. Ed passed away in 1972. Children: Violet, Howard, Pete, Bemice, Florence, Elnor, Manfred, Aider, Edna and Olga.

-6' JOHN & NORA SHARP

Mr. and Mrs. John Sharp came to homestead in section 34 of Lyman Town­ ship before 1904. They had a daughter that married someone near Harvey. Mr. Sharp passed away here. Nora Sharp was known as the "Butter Lady". She supplied the Wing store and other customers with this well known product. She left here to go back to where she lived originally, perhaps, Chi c ago. The first house built by the Sharps, and lived in for a short time, burned down. They built another one on this same place. Mrs. Sharp's father, GEORGE CHAPPELL, lived in a small shack on the Sharp farmsite.

JIM SPITZER homesteaded in Lyman Township on section 26. He came from Pennsylvania in the very early 1900s. He had been , or was married and had a daughter, but his wife and daughter did not come here with him. He was a cattle buyer, also bought some horses. He left this area about 1927 and returned to Pennsylvania.

THEODORE THORSON Theodore Thorson, a bachelor, came from Wisconsin and settled on land in section 17, Lyman Township, in 1910. He lived in a grainery that he had built, for a short'time. Then he purchased a house and moved it onto his land. He had a steam threshing outfit and did a lot ot threshing for all his neighbors, for several years. In 1920 he married Ida Lyman. The wedding took place at the home of Ida's sister, Mrs. Gilbert Cotes. Ida and Theodore lived on the homestead, and here their children were born. Theodore passed away in 1927° Ida "Ehorson was a school teacher and began teaching again after her husband passed away. She lived with her son Elmer after his wife died in childbirth. She passed away in 1959. CHILDREN: THEODORE — married Irene Franklund. 4 children: Beverly—(Mrs. Allen Vollmer) has two children, Tammy and Troy. Jerry — married, has one child, Jennifer. Jerry lives and farms with his father on the home place. Darlyne and Charlette, both in school. ELMER — deceased. Was married to Shirley Gray, also deceased. Two sons: Steven and Calvin

-66- RUTH — married to Lawrence Franklund. Has four children. FRANCES — married to Richard Schacker. She has three children by a former marriage: Curtis, June and Carol (Twins).

CARL SCOTT homesteaded on section 6, Lyman township. He did not live here very long. He had a family, but where they went and how many children is not known. Perhaps it was to Bismarck. North Dakota.

MR.and MRS. FAY JOHNSON came from near Kintyre, North Dakota. They purchased land in section 5, Lyman township, about 1914, or a little later. They farmed and milked some cows. Mrs. Johnson was a school teacher and taught in Lyman School and others. They had no children, and moved back to Kintyre. Later they moved to Bismarck where they lived the rest of their lives.

Submitted by: Clara Olson Wanttaja

**#£**•***-*-><-****** EDUCATION By Roxanne Wagner Wing High School In 1936, it was customary for the children to get up at 7:30 to have their breakfast and to start out for school by 8:00, so they would be at school by 9:00 in the morning, unless it was too cold or if the stove wouldn't smoke them out. School would last seven months out of the year and in the winter months they would go by team and a bob sled. My Dad's Dad would dress them warm and put them into the sled when it was time to leave for school. He then faced the team of horses toward the school and they would go until they reached the school. After the children got out, they would turn the team around, and then go into the school. The team would then go home by themselves and when it was time to go home, the team would come and pick thenm up. In the spring and fall they had to wald the 2g- miles to school. Usually the teacher stayed at the school in a little room tht was built into the school (Teacherage). They had their rest rooms outdoors. All Classes and all grades were in one big room, and they had to wait their turn for their lessons. If you didn't behave yourself, you got it with a piece of wood out of the wood box. For their lunches, my dad usually carried jelly sandwiches and home made sausage. When recess came around, they didn't have a bat, so they had to use a small fence post and an old ball that someone had brought from home. (Continued on page 164)

-67- mmmi immmi

JOHN J. ft KAR01INA BROSE

John J. Brose — January 24, 1871 - November 19, 1936 Karolina Gellner Brose — August 14, 1881 - March 12, 1954 John and Karolina wer married April 28, 1898 in Europe, where John J. Brose was in the Blacksmith profession, training young men by means of apprenticeship. In 1904, the decision was made to abandon the blacksmith business and contemplate on an adventure to America to start a new life. The family, which included three children: Margaret, Eva and Adolph, arrived that summer at Selby, South Dakota. There the family resided for about six months, John being employed as a section hand for the railroad. The opportunity to establish himself in the Blacksmith business at Goodrich, North Dakota presented itself and was accepted. Whereupon the family moved to the new location, running his own shop. Many farmers moved into the new territory. Much blacksmith work need­ ed to be done, and hours were long and tiresome. Work was more taxing then, due to lack of labor saving devices or electric power. It was all manual labor, causing physical fatgue. Mrs. Brose cared for the family by raising a garden, sewing, cooking and baking. One day she saw a sewing machine setting behind a store. She inquired about it, and considered herself most fortunate when the price of $10.00 was quoted. It was an old model SINGER. The finish was peeling off, but otherwise in excellent working order. It was cleaned and oiled, then put to use by sewing and altering clothes for the store's customers. It served the needs for many years. While living here, two new members were added to the family: William and Otillia. In 1908, the Lord opened another door. A 160 acre tract of land was available in Phoenix township, in Burleigh County for homesteading. This opportunity was seized and the family moved. It was bare prairie land. Neighbors lived miles apart, but possessed a true neighborly spirit, ex­ changing labor, seed, patterns, and YES, even clothes that had grown too small. Rocks were cleared and crops planted on new fertile soil, that had been plowed with horses on a sulky plow, then seeded. The grain was delivered to the Goodrich elevator, a distance of 23 miles. There were no other elevators. The mail came through the Driscoll Post Office. Neighbors agreed on a day when a trip would be taken to Driscoll for mail and groceries to accommodate their needs. Next came the need for education. Children of school age had been tutored at home by their parents while awaiting the erection of a school building. This hope was realized in 1911, when the building was ready for use. Mr. Vigness was then County Superintendent and Maude Reed was the first teacher. Members of the school board were: John J. Brose, Christ Wolff and August Tapa. Pupils attending school were: Lillie and Esther Nitzkowski, Margaret, Eva, Adolph and William Brose: John, Jake, and Margaret Holwegner; George

-68- and Lillie Tapa; Emma and Helen Wolff, and Adolph Wagaman. School facilities were meager and limited. The building structure was simple. Usually, windows on two sides, blackboards on the remaining space. Furnishings were mainly teacher's desk, chair and bell.. Pupil's desks were often double, (to be shared) as well as books. The heater was centrally located in the room. Those sitting near the heater were often too warm, while those further away were uncomfortable chilly. Children living within walking distance did so, others were conveyed by their parents. Each pupil provided his own lunch and drinking water. Playground equipment was literally unheard of. Recreation was provided through the ingenuity of teachers and pupils. School terms were limited to seven month. The schools wrere used, not only for the educational center, but as a community center, for literary clubs, political speakers, and socials, but, mostly as a common place for Christian teachings, Sunday School and occasionally a pastor was available to bring spiritual food to those in attendance. In 1916, John J. Brose, Christ Wolff, and Reinhart Pergande were inst­ rumental in organizing and establishing the church building in Arena, N„ Dak., known as the St. John's Lutheran Church, of which the above named later served as trustees. The first pastor serving this charge was Rev. August Haeger, serving it twice a month. Additional members of the Brose family were: Ottom George, Rheinhart, Gustuf, Olga and Jake. As the family grwi up each decided on his own profession or job: MARGARET — married Emil Hinkel and lived south of Arena, with their eleven children, for many years. Their sons served in World War II, and daughters worked in defense plants. The parents retired and live in Bismarck. Raymond, a son, is still farming south of Arena. EVA — married Theodore Fuhrman. They resided in Robinson, N. Dak. Eva passed away in 1928, leaving a daughter, Dolores Fuhrman, now married to Harold Bullis. ADOLPH — attended Tuttle High School, and later left the farm to go West. He worked in Washington, where he met and married Eleanore Cheek. Later they moved to California, where he was employed as a machinist] for three decades. He passed away in 1972. WILLIAM — pursued the barber profession. He established his first barber shop in Wing. He married Martha Weisenberger. They moved to New Rockford. They have two children: Marcella (Edinger) and Dr. William C. Brose. OTILLIA — entered the teaching profession, having taught in Burleigh County until retirement. Married John Kruger in 1935° They reside on a farm, with Sterling as their address. They have a daughter, Joan 0. Dahl, Living in Bismarck. OTTO — Mechanic by nature, went into the garage business in Wing and has served his community for four decades. Otto served on the town board many years. He married Delia Kraft. They have four boys and three girls: Jordahl, Leland, Jerome, Bradley : Vernae- married Schwindt, Luvana- married Witt, and Vonda, at home. GEORGE — deceased, married Hilda Rosenau in 1934 and farmed in the Arena area before moving to Bismarck to enter the contracting business. They had three sons: Willis and James-deceased, and Aldred in Bismarck. RHEINHART — and his wife, the former Edna Wutzke, were engaged in farming in Phoenix township before moving to California, where he was employ­ ed as a professional welder, for many years. They now live in South Dakota. Their children: Donald, GlenDean, Marilyn and DaMaris.

-69- GUSTUF — married Ella Rosenau and farmed in the local community until they transferred to the Capital City, being employed there. Their children: La Vonne and Sheila.' OLGA — received her elementary education in Phoenix School No. 2, and graduated from Wing High School. After her marriage to Theodore Klein they resided in Phoenix township. They now live in Wing, N.Dak. They are the parents of Kathleen and Alan. JAKE — youngest son of Mr. & Mrs. John J. Brose, married Catherine Leno. They are the parents of Carol Jean, and Kevin. They lived in Phoenix township many years, before changing their residence to the colorful State of Colorado.

Submitted by: Mrs. John Kruger ( Otillia Brose)

EDWARD & EMMA CLOUD "Good-bye, Illinois — Hello, North Dakota" On March 27th, 1909, Edward Cloud loaded an emigrant car in Illinois and started for North Dakota on March 29th. He arrived in Wilton, N. Dak. on April 6th, his birthday. Transportation on the car was $80.80. It would have cost more if he had not brought animals. Emma Gertrude Butler Cloud purchased her ticket for $21.29, and set out for North Dakota. She arrived, at Wilton, North Dakota, April 2, 1909° The emigrant car was loaded with household goods, farm wagon, buggy, walking plow, 30 bushels ear corn, some baled hay (timothy), 3 work horses and 2 dozen chickens (hens). They lived part of the summer on a farm near Trygg Post Office then, but Regan Post Office now. The first year they raised 60 bushels of potatoes, which they hauled to their new home the last of September. Cold weather and light snow came early in October, and many lost potatoes in the ground. On may 27th, 1909, Edward traded a horse and buggy, plus $250.00 to John Anderson for the relinquishment of his 120 acre claim, 19 miles south of Goodrich, North Dakota, near Phoenix Post Office in Phoenix township. This claim had 30 acres plowed and a 10' x 16' sod shack. On May 28th, Edward drove with team and buggy, 50 miles to Bismarck, North Dakota to file on their homestead, at 9:00 A.M., May 29th. Then began the job of digging a cellar and plowing sod to build a sod house, 14' x 24' with walls two feet thick. The Anderson shack was used as a shed on the end of the house, along with some new lumber to complete the house, at the cost of $113.10. This was the last "soddie" built. Edward helped a neighbor in haying, for hay for their horses, and he built a hay rack to work in harvesting and threshing. He also finished the sod barn that Anderson had not completed, a cost of $40.00. There was a sod chicken house built later on, at a cost of $10.00* The chicken house didn't prove to be as successful as the sod house and sod barn. Badgers dug through the walls and killed the chickens, and they buried some right in the chicken house. The Clouds moved onto their homestead, October 29, 1909. Come November they had a 44 foot well bored: cost $55.00. A "New-oaken bucket" on a rope was used to draw water. Homesteaders hauled lignite coal for winter from the Peterson mine

-70- east of Wilton, North Dakota, about a 30 mile trip, staying over night at the mine and returning the next day, with their loads. The price of lignite was $1.50 per ton, at the mine. Roads then were mostly trails across the prairies and it was very easy to get on a wrong trail. Sometimes houses were at too great a distance to inquire directions. During dry weather in summer, "Buffalo Chips" were gathered on the prairie, a cheap fuel and made a quick fire, but heat was soon gone. Sod houses were cool in summer and warm in winter. Thirty below zero on a calm, clear day didn't seem so bad to go in a sled to a neighbor's for the day and maybe on to the little country Post Office for mail, a distance of 3 miles. Mail was brought by stage from Sterling to Stark Post Office a few miles beyond Phoenix Post Office, which occupied a small space in one corner of the little country store owned by Thomas Wilkinson. Sometimes there were card parties or dances on winter evenings. Sunday Church services were held in some of the school houses. In the summer of 1910, there was a town lot sale for the Village of Wing. The Pingree-Wilton branch of N.P. Railroad was being built and the first train came into Wing in 1911. Wing had its first celebration, July 4, 1911. Mr. Sachs' store was the only building at that time. An improvised bowery was made for dancing. Emma Cloud's organ was used for music. She got this organ when she was 6 years old. This organ is now in the possess­ ion of her daughter, Gladys—Mrs. Christ Rath, Jr. in the Wing vicinity. Edward and Emma did not attend this first celebration for Wing, as their first child, a son, Omer was only five days old at the time. There was no doctor in attendance at Omer's birth. The four Cloud children were all born in their sod house. Wing began a steady growth: McKenzie Mercantile, Duke Wilsey Hotel, Knowles and Cotton Livery stable and later when mail came to Wing, the Post Office was in Sachs' store. The Clouds moved into Wing in the fall of 1947, November 11th. Edward Cloud was bom April 6, 1878, in Morgan County, Indiana. He passed away March 12, 1953. Emma Gertrude Butler Cloud was bom April 11, 1886 in Cumberland County, Illinois. She passed away September 3, 1968. Edward and Emma were married on April 10, 1907 at Charleston, Illinois. CHILDREN: OMER — deceased Oct. 1, 1973 VIRGIL — deceased June 5, 1946 FIETTA — married Sulo Gylden, 1939= one daughter: Rosemary - married Marlowe Moses. They have four children. GLADYS — married Christ Rath, Jr. in 1946. Children: Shirley— Mrs. Melvin Heinrich, Sharon-Mrs. Vernand Hoffman Both girls live in Bismarck. They have a son,- Larry at home.

Submitted by: Fietta Cloud Gylden (Written by Emma Cloud)

CHRIST BIPPUS The family of Mr. and Mrs. Christ Bippus resided in Phoenix township and their children attended school there. The children were: Rudolph, Martha, John, Christ, Eli and Ruby. The family later moved to California where a brighter future loomed.

-71- HENRY BORTH

Henry Borth and his wife, Magdelena, took up a homestead, built their home and farmed for several years. Then his health began to fail and he was obliged to discontinue farming. After he passed away, his wife and two children, George and Martha, moved to the Streeter area. She is now retired and lives in Bismarck.

JACOB GELLNER

Jacob Gellner was born Franz Gellner and Margarethea Feifer Gellner. He grew up near Kishneu, Russia. He was married there and had several children. All but two, Henry and Julius, died of diptheria. Later he lost his wife in child birth. The baby girl lived and he named her Amalia. He left Amalia with his wife's mother and came to America. He came to live with his parents, bringing Henry and Julius with him. Soon after arriving, Henry and Julius died. Jacob lost Amalia during the Bolshevist Revolution in Russia. He filed a homestead clain in Section 26-143-75, Phoenix Township, Burleigh County. He lived there with his mother for many years. Later he moved to Wing, North Dakota, making his home with his brother William. Jacob is deceased. Submitted by: Carolyn Gellner Sorenson

WILLIAM GELLNER

William Gellner was bom September 9, I889, the son of Franz and Margarethea (Feifer) Gellner. He had three sisters: Karolina (Brose), Margarethea (Henne) and Mary (Weisz) , and one brother Jacob. They lived near Kishneu, Russia. They originally moved to Russia from Germany or Austria. Later they moved to Siberia and lived there five years, before coming to America, in 1905° They lived in Goodrich, North Dakota for a time,.but later filed a homestead claim in Section 26-143-75, in Phoenix townsmip, Burleigh County, about 1907° William Gellner met Julia Wutzke(her ancesters given under the Wutzkes) and they were married in March, 1915. Farming was William's main occupation. However, he did some carpenter

-72- work on the side. He also was part owner and ran a threshing rig for many years. In the spring of 1941, William quit farming and moved to Wing.North Dakota, where he worked as a cream buyer. He died October 5, 1955» Julia Gellner resides at the Lutheran Home in Bismarck. CHILDREN: MARTIN — married Marie Heisz ANN — married Dean Glanville (deceased) Ann lives in Bismarck. ANNETTE — married Raymond Carson, live at Chasely, North Dakota. EDNA — married Edwin Hein ALMA —died in infancy CAROLYN — married Tillman Sorenson, live near Tuttle, North Dakota.

Submitted by: Carolyn Gellner Sorenson

FREDRICH HOLWEGNER

Fredrich Holwegner and Magdelena Kurle were married in Berkedorf, Russia in 1888. They left Russia and came to Harvey, North Dakota in March, 1906. In the fall of 1906, the family moved to Arena, North Dakota and homesteaded in Phoenix township, Burleigh County. Here they lived and farmed for 27 years. The Holwegners belonged to the Lutheran Church,and were active in all affairs. Fredrich passed away in Arena, in 1933° Magdelena Passed away in Boise. CHILDREN: MAGDELENA — married Wageman, passed away in 1951° EVA — married Alex Neff, passed away in Bismarck in 1970. KATHERINE (Katie) — Married W. J. Olson, Live in Boise, Idaho. MARGARET — married Herman Rachel. Farmed north of Arena, North Dakota. Passed away at Bismarck, North Dakota in 1970. A son, Ruben married Laverne Lein and farm the farmstead. Children: Corby, Joell, Vonda and a son, Kelly. MARY — married Hallock, passed away in Seattle, Washington in 1969. HENRY— lives in Boise, Idaho. Submitted by: Katherine Holwegner Olson. JOHN— Passed away in Fromberg, Montana, 1949 JAKE — Passed away at Bismarck, N. Dak. 1935.

-73- HIRAM LANDERS

Father contested a homestead about 5a miles northeast of Wing, moved onto it a .. few months before the last section of the Northern Pacific R.R. was opened to Wilton. We had lived at Wilton about seven years. We shipped out household goods on a flat car inside our new chicken house, by courtesy of the members of the work train, who went to Wilton for water. I was about 15 years old at the time. Father managed the lumber yard at Wing, replacing a temporary manager by the name of Wagner, I believe. We made a trail north and east of town to our new home, and it became a road, unimproved until after I left Wing. Then a new road was graded, running north and south past our place. A one- room school was built on a hill top within sight of our home and my sister Berniece became the first school teacher there. Later, after the first depression, my parents moved to Bismarck. Here, Dad became the first Auditor for the State Workmens Compensation Bureau. After that they moved to the vicinity of Portland,Oregon.

Family Statistics My father, Hiram Landers - born Dec. 3, I864 Walnut, Bereau County, Illinois deceased - Portland, Oregon, Multnomah County, January 26, 1942. OFFSPRING of HIRAM and GRACE LANDERS: HARRY MERCER — bom Dec. 28, 1895 at Walnut, Illinois. HOMER THOMAS — bom March 21, 1897 at Walnut, Illinois.. LENA BERNIECE (known as Berniece)- married Pomranig, born Feb. 6, 1899 Walnut, Illinois, deceased 1974 near Klamath Falls, Oregon. DOROTHY ERIE — married Doyle, bom Feb. 5, 1902 at Minneapolis, Minn. GEORGE FREDERICK (known as Fred) — bom May,. 8, 1906' at Red Wing, Minn. GORDON MERCER — bom Feb. 1, 1908 at Wilton, North Dakota INEZ ELIZABETH — married Mackenzie, bom Nov. 1911 at Wilton, N. Dak. All living brother and sisters are retired, having been nurses, secretaries, telephone company employees, electricians and I worked in the petroleum refinery of Texaco near Long Beach, CAlifornia for 36^ years.

Submitted by:

Harry Landers (Son of Hiram Landers)

GRANDPARENTS: Thomas LAnders — born in County Cork, Ireland and Liza Stahl — born in Pennsylvania. Grandfather Landers died when Hiram was 12 years old, which would make him about 89 or 90 years old at the time of death. Both deaths occurred at Walnut, Illinois -74- William Aaron Mercer and Elizabeth Gordon — born in Pennsylvania. Grandfather Mercer died about 1915 or I916. Grandmother Mercer died in the early 1920s, at Brookings, South Dakota.

GRANT PALMS

Grant Palms and his wife, the former Christine Wagner, moved into the community from South Dakota. They farmed and took a vital interest in community affairs. Serving on school boards, or jury duty, as the situation demanded. They had one daughter, Roberta. Mrs. Palms passed away In the 20s, after which time Grant Palms gave up.the farm and left North Dakota. Ownership of the farm was then taken up by Edward Wagner, brother of Mrs. Grant Palms. A son of Edward Wagner, Oral, farms this land, since the death of Mr. Wagner.

EDWARD WAGNER

Edward Wagner was married to Pauline Wolff, and continued to farm until he passed away in 1972. They had four children: Phyllis, Joan, Dorcas and Oral.

Submitted by: Otillia Brose Kruger

ELMER PERRY

Elmer Perry and his mother, Ida Perry came to North Dakota from an eastern state, taking up the venture of farming. His chief enterprise was threshing grain. After harvesting drew to a close, he engaged men as "bundle- haulers", a separator man, and lined up his customers for whom he did the threshing. The "run" usually commenced the first part of September and some­ times ended as late as early November. The men employed were paid by the "day". The farmer paid, either by the hour or by the bushel, depending on the crop yield. He served the community in this capacity until combines began to replace the threshing machines. He was also known as the "clerk" for the school district for probably as many years as he threshed grain. He was an "optimist", always seeing the good in his fellowman and appreciating both sunshine and rain. Submitted by: Otillia Brose Kruger

-75- OTTO RACHEL married the former Tillie Rhode. They participated in community and school activities. In later years they dispensed farming and moved to the state of Washington. Their children: Elsie, Edwin, George, Leonard, Lydia and Benjamin.

CHRIST RATH , SR. FAMILY

Christ Rath, Sr. was born December 11, 1879 to Jacob and Barbara (Fry) Rath in South Russia. Mrs. Rath (Anna Marie Wagner) was born March 31, 1884 to Mr. & Mrs. George Wagner, in South Russia. Both received their schooling there while growing to young adulthood. On October 27, 1905, Christ Rath was united in marriage to Anna Marie Wagner,while still living in South Russia. Shortly after mid- September, in 1907 they came from South Russia, via Canada, arriving in the United States in the latter part of October. They came to the Wing area in March 1908, filing and settling on a homestead about seven and three-fourths miles NE of Wing in Phoenix Township. Seven children were born to this couple. Three daughters, of which two, Elizabeth (Mrs. Jacob Zimmerman) and Anna Marie (Mrs. Jacob Wiedmer) moved to the New Leipzig, North Dakota area. Emelia (Mrs. Otto Oelke) is in Salem, Oregon. There were four sons: William and Edward, both of Bismarck, Christ, Jr. of Arena, North Dakota and one son passed away as a small child. The Christ Raths were active in, as well as being members of the small rural church in their community. They were also involved in diversified farming, which included both dairying and range cattleas well as grain being grown. In the fall of 1938, the Christ Raths retired and moved to Tuttle, N. Dak., where they lived until 1964. Leaving Tuttle, they moved to Elgin, North Dakota entering an Old Peoples' Home there. In the spring of 1965m they moved to the Baptist Home in Bismarck. Here they both resided and attended church until Mrs. Rath passed away on August 25, 1970, and Mr. Rath on July 12, 1972. The

final resting place for both, is Sunset Memorial Gardens, Bismarck, N. Dak. Christ Rath, Jr. farms the home place. He married Gladys Cloud. They have three children: Shirley ( Mrs. Melvin Heinrich), Sharon (Mrs. Vernand Hoffman) and Larry. Submitted by: Christ Rath, Jr. Family

-76- CHRIST WOLFF FAMILY

Mr. and Mrs. Christ Wolff, formerly from Ashley, North Dakota, came to Phoenix township, homesteaded some land and engaged in farming. Children of this family were: Emma, Helen, Pauline, Hilda, Caroline, Inez, Henry and Julius. Julius is presently residing on the farm originally owned by his parents. He married the former Rachel Weisenberger. Children of the Julius Wolffs: Randall, Pearl and Dorian-deceased. Randall is married to Pamela Michelsen and they live on the farm with his parents. They are also engaged in farming.

Submitted by: Otillia Brose Kruger

JACOB WEBER FAMILY

Jacob Weber was born in Bessarabien, South Russia. He was married and by the death of his wife was a widower with four children. Jacob remarried Regian Knodel, a widow with one daughter, Regian. Having decided on the adventure of coming to a new country, the journey was made in 1902. The family arrived in Harvey in 1903 and in the spring, Jacob staked a homestead claim, 23 miles south of Goodrich, North Dakota. This homestead later was farmed by a son, Philip Weber, and then Jake Brose resided there. At the present time this is the farm of Ruben Pearson, in Phoenix township, Burleigh County, North Dakota. Jacob and Regina lived on their homestead until about 1922, when they retired to Goodrich, North Dakota. Jacob passed away in 1928. Regian con­ tinued to live in Goodrich for a time and then lived in the Baptist Home in Bismarck for a while before she passed away. CHILDREN: Jacob"s first marriage. JOHN — deceased, married Regina Knodel, farmed in Richmond township. REGINA — married John Steinwand and lives in Garrison, N. Dak. MARY — deceased, married John Mueller AMELIA — married William Engel (deceased), live at Garrison. Children of Jacob and Regina Weber, one child died in infancy. CHRISTINE — Mrs. Nick Krantz, living in Naperville, Illinois PHILIP— farmed the original homestead for a time, then moved to New Rockford ELIZABETH — married Ed Wetzel. Elizabeth passed away in 1974° ADOLPH — married Pauline Mehlhoff, live inPortland,Oregon MAGDELENA — married Elmer Drumm (deceased) MARTHA — married Schneider (deceased), lives at Goodrich OLGA — Living in California. Related by: Mary Weber Shroyer -77- THE WILSEY FAMILIES

(This information was provided in letters from Sara Wilsey Weaver, daughter of George Wilsey, homesteader in Phoenix Township, Burleigh County.)

As you probably know, when people start looking up their family tree, they usually come up with a little nobility at the bottom of the barrel, complete with a Coat of Arms. The Wilsey story follows true to form. The Baron De Wiltz was born and lived in the City of Wiltz—from which they took their name, on the Wiltz River in Dutch, Luxenburg in 1550° Phillippe, his only son came to America in 1623 on the ship "New Netherlands" with 30 other families and helped to build Fort Orange on the Hudson River and is now Albany, New York. Phillippe was killed in an Indian raid and his two sons taken captive. After a few years they ended up with the Jesuit Preists in Canada. It took them ten years until they finally got away and went back to New York City and took up their lives again. For the purpose of this account, I think we should start with my great­ grandfather, who was William Henry Wilsey, who was the great-grandson of Revolutionary soldier, William Wilsey and Hannah Denny of South Bethlehem, Albany County, New York. William Henry Wilsey was born May 6, 1822 at Troy, Perm. He died August 9, I897f and is buried at Mapleton, Iowa. He came West with his family and settled in Henry County, Illinmis - near the town of Galva. He finally married and fathered a large family, including an adopted son. He was very ambitious and prospered to quite a degree. When he passed away he left quite a bit of cash money and several thousand acres of rich bottom land along the Missouri River. He went to Nonona County, Iowa in 1855 and platted the town of "Old Mapleton". His was the first house built in Mapletownship. The history books of Monona County contain many glowing re­ ports about him. He was very active in all civic and political work.

He was the father of Duke Wilsey, Mary Jane Gillette, Harriet Davis and Flora Spang. These , and my father, George Wilsey, Mary Gillette's daughter, Millie Williams amd her daughter, Jessie, all came together on an immigrant train to Wing, North Dakota in about 1902. They settled in Phoenix Township, Burleigh County, North Dakota DUKE WILSEY first bought'land and then later operated a hotel in Wing. He was born September,1950, in Henry County, Illinois. Duke Wilsey married Mary Perkins and they had a daughter, who later married a Powers. Their daughter, Emily married Dick Conrad, a barber in Wing. Duke later married a widow, Nora Belle Walters. She had a daughter, Essie, who married Gilbert Korps. Essie and Gilbert lived in Wing for a time. They resided in the little hous in which John Vollmer now resides. T have heard that Duke later went to California. He passed away there.

HARRIET WILSEY, married John Davis. They had one daughter, Gladys. Gladys married Elmer Drum, while here in Wing. The daughter of Gladys and Elmer was Kathryn, married Fred Posten and lives in Sacramento, California. John and Hattie (Harriet) left the Wing area to go to Lodi, California. They left Wing in about 1923. Both Hattie and John are deceased and buried in California;

-78- FLORA WILSEY married SPANG and her husband ran a small store with a Post Office in connection, at Phoenix, North Dakota. I think it was a cross­ roads of sorts—but I remember going there. I can remember the partition between the store and the Post Office. And, someone looking out that window— that sort of impressed me.

MARY WILSEY GILLETTE was a widow, and I think my father worked for her and helped with the farm work and the buildings. I suppose he helped where he could. Her daughter Millie (Williams), came to Phoenix township with Mrs. Gillette. Millie's daughter, Jessie married Sid Harris at Bismarck, December 21, 1910. After Mary Gillette sold her farm, she moved to Bismarck to be with her granddaughter, Jessie Harris. Mary died December, 1936 and is buried at Wilton, North Dakota beside her daughter Millie Williams. JESSIE WILLIAMS-married Sid Harris. Jessie worked for the A. W. Lucas Co, in Bismarck for many years. Jessie died December 1962 and is buried in Pocatello, Idaho. GORDON HARRIS, the son of Sid and Jessie was bom August 26, 1912. He lived much of the time with his great-grandmother, Mary Gillette on her farm north of Wing, North Dakota. He worked for over 30 years for the Garrette Freightline and is now retired and lives at Pocatello, Idaho. He and his wife Carla have four children: Marion, James, Daren and Linda. James is a teacher at Southern California College and Karen is May of Pullman, Washington.

GEORGE WILSEY ( Hattie Davis, Flora Spang and Mary Gillette were Aunts of George Wilsey, and Duke Wilsey was his Uncle.)

George Wilsey was born February 7, 1873, at Mapleton, Iowa. He married Lulu Ogan from Dodge, Nebraska. They had two children before they came to Wing, to take up a homestead. They built a sod house and that is where three more children were born. I was one of these three. George Wilsey died at Salem, Oregon in 1934 and Lulu died in Seattle, Washington, June of 1964. CHILDREN: EARL — bom I898 in Nebraska. He left Wing about 1913-14, and we all lived in Iowa for a few years. Earl then went to Montana, where he worked on the Northern Pacific Railroad as a firemen for many years. Later he went to Portland, Oregon and became a plumbing contractor. He died there in 1963. VIOLET — born October, 1900, married first Dryden Hoss and second James Nute (from North Dakota) and lives now in Reno, Nevada. She has four children. CLAIR — Bom July 20, 1904 at Wing, North Dakota. Married Alma Sinno in Portland, Oregon. Has two children: Michael, who lives in Renton, Washington and works at Boeingj Cynthia lives in San Francisco, California. Clair owned and operated a Hudson Garage in Portland and finally worked for Farmers' Insurance for many years. He is now retired and lives in Tigarg, Oregon. SARA— Born 1906, lived with her brother Earl in Missoula, Montana for several years, and then married Walter Stewart. They have one daughter, Daphne Christianson. Daphne works in Chicago for the Chicago Transit Authority as Science Advisor. Sarah later married William Weaver. They run a peat moss plant in Seattle. They are retired now, but still live at the plant sight. -79- HELEN — born 1908, became a beauty operator and died 1940 at Missoula, Montana.

REMINISCING, from the letters of Sara Wilsey Weaver :

When I lived with Aunt Mary Gillette, I sat in a little wooden rocker by her kitchen range. She taught me to make buttonholes. When they left the farm, they just gave everything away or sold it. I wonder if it is possible that that little rocker is still around. I would love to have it. After I came to Seattle and went to work at Boeing, one of my jobs was to make hand­ made button holes in the draperies of the sleeping compartments of the 707 s and the 727s. God Bless! Aunt Mary.

The old plat map of Phoenix township is very interesting. It even shows the spot where our old sod house stood, and the school house where I started school, 1912. I think my teachers name was Miss Wagner. The teacher boarded and roomed at Aunt Mary's, One morning the "boys" brought her pony up to the house and tied him to the porch, with the saddle on backwards. Aunt Mary told them a thing or two. That was Sid Harris and another boy or man.

When I see some of the shows on TV about homesteading on the prairie and living in a sod house, it certainly looks gruesome, but I have many fond memories of our old soddy. It surely was a wonderful haven when that terrible North Dakota wind came charging across the prairie. It seems to me that it was quite large with two bedrooms upstairs, with the stove pipe from the big heater downstairs running thru the middle, and keeping it quite warm and cozy. Downstairs we had several double windows, that made real large window seats. There were wonderful frost pictures on the windows in the winter. But, the walls were covered with flowered wall paper. My father had a threshing machine and was gone much of the time in the threshing season, so my mother and we kids had to make the best way we could. One night when a prairie fire was coming our way, mother hauled a couple of trunks, loaded with prize possessions, out to the chicken house, which had a sod roof. While She and Earl, who was about 12 years, old, plowed a fire break around the house and barn. We small people stayed with the chickens. I don't remember what happened to the fire, but we were in that hen house a long time. The chickens had a ball. Even Santa Claus came to that old sod house. One Christmas he brought me a tin set of dishes. I can still see the blue cups with red roses on them. I must have drunk quarts of water out of those cups. I can still taste the tin. My Mother said that in the beginning, North Dakota was a beautiful land. In the spring there were little lakes everywhere, caused by the melting snow. The prairie was covered with wild flowers and the tiger lilies were just beauti­ ful. But the winters were something else. I can remember going to Wing with the folks, to shop. Little Helen (sister) and I sat in the sun, bundled up in a blanket on the loading platform at the "big store" while the folks shop­ ped. It was terribly cold. I have heard that my father built or helped build the school house in our area. I can faintly remember a church with a steeple and wfren I think of Wing, I think of that steeple. I hope it is still there, for when I go back IT be looking for it. " Out there on the prairie, I don't remember of ever seeing a tree. So there wasn't anything to use for fire except cow chips. They do make a good hot fire for cooking. I guess that gathering chips must be considered to be -80- "women's work", for Mother and we kids took a wagon and went to the pasture to gather chips. One day when Helen and I were up on the seat with Mother driving, one of the side rails was broken off and when the wagon went over a rock or something. Mother fell or slid off the seat, right in front of the wheel. Before the horses could stop, the wheel ran over her. Helen and I screamed like wild Indians and the horses stopped dead still. After a few minutes when Mother found out she wasn't hurt, and got her breath back, we went on with the gathering. I wonder if anyone ever fixed that seat?

The following is a bit of prose sent in by Sara Wilsey Weaver. She thought it appropiate for this occasion. Little House on the Prairie It took a lot of courage and a little luck to travel underneath the burning sun to a spot to where there was nothing but blue sky and brown earth in all four directions, and proceed to set up housekeeping. It also, took hours of backbreaking labor from every available hand to create a habitable foothold in the stark landscape, which meant that prairie women, as well as prairie men worked just as hard—side by side. Out there the summers were hot and the winters cold, and shelter was important. Often they built their homes from the very ground that they worked and lived on. Fortunately sod is a wonderful insulation, and sod homes are cool in summer and warm in winter; that was especially important when fuel for the stove was hard to come by.

Such a home did my parents, George and Lulu Ogan Wilsey build on the prairie of North Dakota, near Wing, in 1902.

The following is written by Daphne Christianson, daughter of Sara Wilsey Weaver.)

My Mother personally knows tons of stories - but I expect you have many old timers who know many. One thing may interest you about Aunt Mary: I once asked my mother, "Just what was it you liked so much about her?" And Mother said, She made such a good home, always so clean and nice, and smelled so good. And she taught me to make button holes". My mother's comment on the water/lakes reminds me of so many water stories of my grandmother Lulu, who came to Wing in the early 1900s. They must have had water shortages. Once she was sitting (around 1962) in my backyard in Southern California looking at our big, oversized swim­ ming pool, she said, "My God, if we'd of had water like this in North Dakota, we'd have thought we'd gone to Heaven". And she told about going one year to one of those spring lakes which was full of leeches. Their dog, Dutch, jumped into the water and they had a terrible time pulling all those leaches off. -81- The story that really shows the stamina of the pioneers is of another Wiltsie family, who are didtant cousins. They had the two old bibles, the so-called Smith Mayflower Bible (l62l) and the Wilsey 1623 bible, although they are so intermarried the names aren't as selective as might appear. These Bibles were carried from the l600s all through the 1800s into Iowa,: in 1900 and then North Dakota. They were destroyed by a flash prairie fire in 1917. I always think of them surviving everything but North Dakota.

Mr. and Mrs. DAVID SCHOCK and family, after residing in Phoenix Town­ ship, decided to change their residence to California. They then made the move. The children: Martha, Freda, Christina, Hilda, Leona, Art and Gilbert

Others who lived in Phoenix Township, including 1921: In Section 10 of Phoenix Township, about 1903 lived ffihe Fredericks, Homestead of Elizabeth Fredericks.

Also in Section was Louis Shropshire was an early settler.

Romeo Bailey and his family lived in Section 20. This land had been first claimed by Antoinetta (Nettie) Lind Bailey.

John Driscoll was farming in Section 4 in 1933«

-82- JOHN WUTZKE FAMILY John Wutzke was born in Tarutina, Bessarabien, South Russia, on April 1, 1880, where he grew to manhood, along with his seven brothers and sisters. He served in the army during the Russian Japanese War, as Bessarabien was under Russian rule at the time. In 1907, he followed his family to America. He homesteaded in Kidder County until 1916, when he moved to Phoenix Township in Burleigh County. He married Rosina Englehardt at Garrison, North Dakota and they had five children. They lived on the farm until 1948. They then sold the farm and moved to Washburn, N. Dak., where they lived for 2 years. Then they moved to Wing, where John built the house on the east end of Wing, which I believe is owned by the Farmers Union Oil Co. (Dale Ennens live here at the present time.) The Wutzkes were members of the St.John Lutheran Church in Arena, which they helped to build and were one of the first Charter Members. Rose Wutzke died in October 1955 and John passed away in January 1959. One son, Walter, preceded them in death in November 1951. Hilda passed away on December 23, 1975° The remaining children are: Elmer, in Bellevue, Wash., Ida and William (Edmund William) live in Brainerd, Minnesota.

Submitted by: Mrs. Ida Wutzke Thompson

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COOKING OF YESTERDAY By Sandy Winkler Wing High School Have you ever wondered about the cooking habits of your forefathers? How different the techniques and methods have changed in the past forty years? We should be grateful fhat our modern-day oven are so different from the stoves our parents used. The stoves of yesterday were made of heavy cast-iron. It was about five feet long and ateout three and a half feet high. The fuel, wood and coal, was put into a small door on the top left side. The ashes went down to a small door, where they were later removed. There was a reservoir on the top right side, where water was kept for cleaning up later. It held about ten gallons of water and was kept hor or warm for long periods of time. cook had to know how to get the right heat into the oven. The kettles, also black •- cast-iron, were set on top of the lid. If the cook had to keep the food warm, she could pull the kettle over the reservoir. Or else she could take the lid of arid place the kettle directly over the fire. Meat, then, wasn't kept in the freezer. It was salted or canned and kept in an ice house. Ice blocks were put into the building, which was lined with straw. The meat could be kept in the ice house for long period of time. The fruits and vegetables were • also canned and stored in cellars or basements. Our refrigerators are also much different from the ice boxes of yesterday. It was about four feet high and about three feet wide. It had two doors, (Continued on Page 107) -83- wmm TOWSSSIP

DAVID COOK BAILEY FAMILY

David Cook BAiley was born April 3, 1843 in Logan County, West Virginia. Lucinda Jane Lambert was born April 4, 1849 in Tazewell Coumty, Virginia. David and Lucinda were united in marriage in Wyoming County, West Virginia, June 28, 1865j Here they built a home and had ten sons and three daughters. Starting in 1901 through 1906, Mr. and Mrs. Bailey and their family of thirteen, had all come to North Dakota and settled in Burleigh County. The majority of them settled in what is now the Wing area. But, when the first ones arrived, Wing was not here. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey came here in 1908, with some of the older children, leaving the home state as they grew up. Mr. David Bailey never got to be with his entire family at one time as he died Jan. 1911, after a long illness. However, in 1916, after the arrival of the last son, Ira, from Missouri, a family gathering was held at the McCoy (daughter Abbie) home. The McCoy family lived in the stone house by the railroad tracks, two and one- half miles east of Regan. The house still stands. So, for the first time Lucinda Jane Bailey and her thirteen children were all together and had a family picture taken. The stone house is the background setting of the picture. After renting a few years, she sold her homestead in Florence Lake Township to her son Humphrey. After his death, the home was sold to an outside family and only a tree grove and a couple of old sheds remain of the "home place" now. After selling her home, Lucinda lived with members of her family. At the time of her death, October 29, 1936, she was living with her daughter, Mary (Mrs. Joseph Cook) near Bismarck. The thirteen children of David and Lucinda and where they settled here are as follows: All of these children were bom in the general area of Oceana, West Virginia. The Bailey daughters and most of the "in-laws" did much hand quilt making and such, besides the essentials of a pioneer home housewife. CHILDREN: OLLIE — bom March 26, 1867. Married Albert W. Cook, also of West Virginia. They came to Bismarck in 1904° Albert worked in the City of Bismarck and' he and his wife lived there until their deaths. Ollie died in 1934. The children of Ollie and Albert are: Nana, Dennis, Paul, Seth, Bert, David, Grace and Mary. Miss Nana Cook, a daughter still lives in the home place and is the only one of the family still living in Burleigh County. THOMAS ISAAC (Doc) — Bom March 2, I870, died 1935. Married in West Virginia, to Elizabeth (Betty) Skelton of Richmond, Virginia. Mr. Bailey moved to Hatfield, Missouri and lived there until 1901, then they came to Sterling, North Dakota. They came to what is now "Wing area" and homesteaded about seven miles northwest of Wing. At that time the land was just being measured, townships named, etc. Mrs. BAiley named Richmond Township in honor of her birthplace, Richmond, Virginia. Mrs. Bailey, not only did all of the duties of a pioneer farm-wife, and raising her family, but, was also called upon to deliver babies.

-84- (Two I know well are: my husband and my youngest brother Roy.) Mr. Bailey, known as " Doc", a nick name he acquired in early years, because he was quite capable in all sorts of emergencies. Especially, for pulling teeth with his own homemade forceps. He used no anesthetics, but, I have heard stories of a few that sort of "deadened" the pain with a bit of "home-brew" before going to Doc. Doc would get the forceps, sometimes out in the blacksmith shop (if need be ), get a pretty good grip on the patient and forceps, and as he has been quoted by others as saying, "By Gunnies, I'll get it out of there." To the best of my knowledge, he never failed. He also farmed and had a blacksmith shop, besides being a capable carpenter. After leaving the homestead, about 1914, the family moved into Canfield Township for several years, and later to Bismarck. Here he raised bees and sold honey. Besides an adopted daughter, OLLIE, they had the following children: ADDIE, BELLE, GEORGIA, EDNA, AND OATIS (known as "Oats"). Mrs. Georgia Ayers of Bismarck is their only child still living in Burleigh County. )RGE CHAMBERS — Bom September- 16, 1871 — died November 2, 1962. Married to Louetta Bamett in West Virginia. Louetta Bailey died while the family was in West Virginia, and George later married Kate Barnett. George arid his family came to North Dakota in 1914, and settled in Richmond Township. Some­ time later he moved to the Regan area, where his second wife died. He was in the Regan and Canfield area for many years. Then, he moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, until his death. Besides being a farmer, Mr. Bailey was very skilled in woodwork and made beautiful violins, delsmors and all sorts of lovely articles. The tools then were few and strictly hand powered. He also, had his own recipe for fixing up chewing tobacco, called "plug". He would order a huge box of dried tobacco leaves, then cook up a brew of licorice and who knows what else ! The leaves would then be dunked, a few at a time, into this mixture and then very tightly twisted and pressed into pocket size chunks. The smell of licorice filled the air, during all this mixing and drying process. I am quite sure that a number of kids learned the hard way, that all. that smells like licorice does not taste nor react the same after being mixed with tobacco and that other "gook". The children of George and Louetta were: LUTHER, SHEFFIE, AMANDA, DAVID, : ERNEST, DEE, DAISY and ODA. George and Kate had just one child, a daughter, OMA. Mrs. Paul (Daisy) Schaff of Bismarck is bis only child still in Burleigh County. '1PHREY — Bom July 16, 1873 - died August 17, 1950. Humphrey married Louvena Stewart. Louvena and three babies died in a few years time. On October 4, 1899, at Oceana, West Virginia, he married Sylvania Walker. The Humphrey Baileys came to North Dakota in 1906, and homesteaded and farmed nine miles northwest of where Wing was later built up. His homestead is in Richmond Township. When the Baileys first came here, the Post Office, a small store, a blacksmith shop and maybe a few other- trading places were called Canfield, I believe, located at the north end of Canfield Lake inCanfield Township. Wilton was the closest place for a doctor or medicine. This was a long drive. Mr. Bailey bought his parents' homestead, two miles north of his own, but in- Florence Lake Township, from his widowed mother. Then moved there in about " 1921. He lived there and farmed until shortly before his death, when he retired and moved into Wing. Besides farming, Mr. Bailey also taught school in West Virginia, and

- 84 B - for a few years here in a school near his homestead. That school house Is now in Canfield, and used as a voting place- The children of Humphrey and Sylvania: BETHEL (deceased), ENNIS, VERNON (deceased), VELVA, HUMPHREY GUY, MARTELIA, FREDA, FRAZIER and WILLARD EZRA. Two children still live in the area: Louvena—married Vernon Johns. They live in Wing. Humphrey Guy —married Hester Bailey, He bought his father's homestead, but the David C. Bailey homestead was sold to others, and is no longer in the family. IRA. — Bom May 27, 1875. Died December 13, 1955° Married Mary Rachel Tate at Hatfield, Missouri on January 4, 1899. They moved to North Dakota, arriving in Wing, January 1, 1916. The Ira Baileys moved onto his widowed mothers homestead for a year or so. Then they moved to Canfield township, where they lived 17 years. This was closer to Regan, but he still used Wing for general trading, quite often. He farmed until retiring to Bismarck in 1947, at the time of Mrs. Baileys death. The children of Ira and Mary are: MABEL, EVERET, DOROTHY, LAWRENCE, HESTER, NINA AND ROY. Three of the children are in the Burleigh County area, Lawrence on a farm near Bismarck; Roy in Bismarck and Hester (Mrs. Humphrey Guy Bailey) resides in rural Wing. At one time, about 1940, the Wing Post Office had five Bailey families with a total of some twenty-five members to sort mail for. Since the death of Vernon Bailey, in March 1975, there is now only one family of Baileys, that being: Mr. and Mrs. Humphrey Guy Bailey. MARY — Bom February 13, 1877 - died August 11, 1970 Mary Bailey and Joseph Henry Cook were married in West Virginia, May 19, I897. The Cooks celebrated their 67 Wedding Anniversary in 1964. Joe died the following year in April. The Cooks came to Sterling, North Dakota in 1901 and lived there until moving into Wing in 1915, where Mr. Cook was a drayman for several years. He later lived on farms in Wing and Regan area until retiring to Bismarck about 1935° Their children were: ZELDA, ETHEL, JANE, RUTH, KATHERINE, JOSEPH, OLLIE and SIDNEY. Zelda married Albert Gray. They lived in Wing several years. Zelda operated the telephone office and Mr. Gray was manager of the Farmers Elevator. They retired to Bismarck and Zelda still lives there.f Albert died a few years ago. She is the only one of the Cook family still living in Burleigh County. RACHEL ABRIEGEL — Bom August 8, I879 - died April 27, 1961 Rachel married Perry Elkins and they had a family of sons. Cecil Elkins now lives in Regan and is the only one of her family still in this area. Perry Elkins died and Rachel Abriegel (known to all here as "Abbie") later married Arthur McCoy and added his three sons: Lorenzo (Guy), Noah and Jesse, to her family. Arthur and Abbie had three sons: Herbert, Fred and Ira. I guess with THREE "sets" of boys, there were some exciting episodes now and then. Aunt Abbie laughed and told Uncle Arthur called to her and said, "Abbie! Your kids and my kids are beating up on our kids!" Besides caring for her family and being a farmer's wife, Mrs. McCoy made quilts and quilted many for others, to help on income. Mr. McCoy was part time salesman for various products and also loved to play his violin and recite, "The Arkansas Traveler" for a gang of giggling

-85- nieces (I was one of them) and nephews. His son, Lorenzo, still plays it, but I have never heard him. We have talked of it when together. He never had a violin along, or I would have asked to hear it. Arthur McCoy died about 1931 and a few uears later, Mrs. McCoy moved into Wing, where she stayed for several years, before going to a nursing home in Bismarck, where she resided until her death. FRANK OTTWAY — Bom June 23, 1881 - died about 1958 Frank married Lake Stewart and came to North Dakota about 1903° He homesteaded in Richmond township, about eight miles northeast of Wing. This is the location now owned and occupied by Art Saeman and his son and family. Ott, as he was better known, farmed here for several years, and about 1920, they moved to Minnesota. They had nine children: MINNIE, FITCH, BASIL, ELIZABETH, DWIGHT & DAND (Twins), DEVA, EIRIE and ERNEST. None of their children stayed or live here now. ALBERT — Bom February 21, I883 - died July 1971 Albert came to North Dakota in early 1900. He married Agnes Christianson of the Regan area. Albert, better known as Bert, was a blacksmith and had shops at different places over several years. The last one was in Wing, He moved to Minnesota with his family and retired there. He died at 88 years of age, the last of the Baileys thirteen children, though, some lived to be in the 90s. After retiring from blacksmithing he made many hand carved willow canes. He was also, quite handy with mechanical work. Some of his brothers told of an incident during some mechanical work on a Model-T Ford. Bert got the end of his finger cut off and pretty soon was out of sight. On checking, they found him sitting on the running board of the car dangling the piece of finger in front of the family cat. When they asked what he was doing, he very calmly told them, "I'm trying to get this dang cat to eat the end of my finger, I cut off!" I don't think the cat cooperated and the a bit shorter finger healed nicely. The children of Bert and Agnes: CONSTANCE, ARNOLD, BETTY JANE, VIRGINIA, KENNETH and JANICE. ROMEO — Bom August 18, I884 - died December 7, 1954 Romeo married Anetta C. Lind of Wilton. He came to North Dakota in 1906 and both Mr. & Mrs. Bailey had homesteaded land about six miles north east of Wing. They built up their home abd farmed there until his retirement. They had four children: LINDA, RAYMOND, ELNA and RICHARD. Richard and his family live in Bismarck. Since Romeo's death, in 1954, Anetta (Nettie) has spent her time with her daughter, Linda in Memphis, Tennessee. She still has her heart in North Dakota. She was 85 years old, June 18, 1975° HERBERT — bom August 4, 1886 - died November 1947 Herbert married Rose Uhde of Regan. He came to North Dakota in the early 1900s, before Regan or Wing were built up. Herbert, better known as Herb, and a brother Albert (Bert) had a blacksmith shop at Canfield. Later when Regan was built up, Herb and Walter Peterson had a garage there. Herbert and Rose had four children: BERNARD, GENEVA, RALPH and FAYE. After several years, the family moved to Laurel, Montana, where he was sheriff until his death. 0RVA — Bom September 21, 1889 - died July 29, 1968

-86- Orva married Agnes Lind of Wilton, July 5, 1929° Orva came to North Dakota with his parents in 1908, and lived on the homestead with them in Florence Lake township. After his marriage, Orva and Agnes moved onto the Jonathan Glanville farm, also in Florence Lake township. They farmed there until moving to the Wilton area in 1936. They had 5 sons: JOHN ALFRED & DAVID CHARLES(Twins), RALPH, MERLIN AND ROBERTBOYD. The five sons are all North Dakota residents, but only John and David live in Burleigh County. They both live in Bismarck. Mrs. Bailey died October 1969. BURBRIDGE BARNETT — Bom April 3, 1893 - died about 1965 Burbridge married Minnie Bailey. He came to North Dakota with his parents in 1908 and farmed several years. After his marriage they lived on various farms in the Wing area. While here they had four children: STANLEY, THERON, ALVA LAVERNE and VERNA MAE. In the late 1920s he moved back to West Virginia, where his wife died, at the time of his death, about 1965, Mr. Baileu was living in Ohio.

Submitted by: Hester Bailey (Mrs. Humphrey Guy Bailey) Wing, North Dakota

CHRIST BERG FAMILY

Christ Berg was born in South Russia, near Odessa. He came to the United States at the age of 18. The Bergs came to South Dakota and then north to Wilton. When Christ came he drove the cattle and lived with the cattle on the road. He walked all the way. The family settled near Wilton, North Dakota. In 1905, Christ took up a homestead, north of Wing in Richmond Township. Elizabeth Newmiller was bom, March 3, 1890, in South Russia, near Odessa. She, also, came to America with her parents at the age of 18 years. Her parents settled in the Mercer, North Dakota area. On November 15, 1908, Elizabeth and Christ were united in marriage. The Bergs made their home on the homestead, where Christ had already erected some buildings. There was a small house, a barn and a wll in the middle of the yard. . Christ and Elizabeth struggled together thru many cold rough winters and hard working days. There were good years and there were poor, but, thru faith and labor, they raised the family and improved the homestead. As the children grew up and helped along with the work and planning, more land was bought and more buildings were added to the farm. A bigger house was moved on the place, and more work was added to everyone's chores. Christ bought the Lutgens house and when they prepared to move it, no jacks would lift the house to get it up on the timbers. This was in 1925. It was discovered that the walls were filled with sand. (This shows the ingenuity of our pioneers, a fine method of insulation from the cold.) It took 32 horses to move the house° The children worked right along with their parents, until, one by one they decided that they would like to have a home of their own.

-87- • •••'•'';.' :'•}

Mr. and Mrs. Berg were both active in their country chur^ii.""-~rTi..y wer charter members of the Evangelical Church near their home. Many happy hours were spent in the Church and its service. Mr. Berg served on the school board several years. They lived on their farm until retirement in the fall of 1944° They moved to Bismarck. They lived another 31 years in Bismarck. They were greatly honored to come back to Wing, in November 1973, to celebrate their 65th Wedding Anniversary,, with their children, grandchildren and great­ grandchildren. They were happy, on this occasion to celebrate with their many friends and neighbors in the Wing area. CHILDREN: REINHOLD — married Katherine (deceased), lives in Wing. Their children: Ruben, Mary (Mrs. Rudy Unruh) have 4 children, Burnell, Lenora (Mrs. Delmore Wanner), and Susan. CARL — married Emma Wetzel. Emma's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ed Wetzel,Sr. homesteaded south of Tuttle, North Dakota. They came from Russia. Carl and Emma live in the building which was the first school house in Wing. Carl is a School Bus operator, and Emma is a school lunch cook. Their children are: Lucille-married Hildebrand, 3 children, James-married, no children. ERNEST — married Berniece, they lived on a farm near Wing, many years. Ernest still farms, but now lives in town. They have 4 children: Delores-married Dean Heinle, live at Richfield, Minnesota DAle-married Shirley Steichen, live at Tappan, North Dakota Darrell- attending school and Dean at home. SAM — wife Bettyann, live in Fargo. ART — wife Hulda, live in Sacramento, CAlifornia ANDREW — wife Betty, live in Bismarck. HILDA — married Walter Nehlhoff, live in Bismarck. PAULINE — married Emil Heinrick, live in Bismarck. MARTHA — married Louis Lind, Live in Bismarck. FREDA — married Jake Leno. They settled on the John Weber homestead in Richmond Township. They have 3 children: Wallace, a minister of the Lutheran Church, Paulette (Mrs. James Dew), and Dallas, who resides, with his family, on the home place of his parents. One son passed away as a young boy. This is part of the life history of two homesteaders who loved their country, their neighbors and friends, and above all, they loved their God, the Creator of it all. They believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, who loves us more than we will ever know. YES, He's got the whole world in His hands, even you and me. Submitted by: Hilda Berg Mehlhoff

FRED BORTH Fred Borth was bom in I878, at Kloestitz, Besserabien, South Russia. He served some years in the Russian Army. In June 1906, he came to the United States. In 1907 he went to Canada. He took up a homestead at Maple Creek, Saskatchewan. He married Regina Anhorn inl909° A son, Alfred was born in 1911 and in 1912, Regina passed away. Fred stayed in Canada until 1914, then came to the United States and settled on a farm four miles southeast of Arena, North Dakota. Fred and Emilia Mauck were married in 1915° Emelia was the daughter of Carl Mauch, Sr. from Goodrich, North Dakota. Fred and Emilia resided on the farm near Arena, until 1927. In that year, the family moved to a farm four miles northwest of Wing, what is called the Mitchell Ranch. In 1929, the Borths bought the Ben McCloskey farm and farmed here until 1934. -88- Fred. Borth became a citizen in 192/4, and lived in Burleigh County from 1914 until 1934. Fred served on the township board for four years, and was on the Board of Directors for the Farmers Union, Wing for five years. The family were members of the Evangelical Church, being Charter members of the congregation which had a church moved to a site east of the now Marvin Hochhalter farm. In 1934, the family moved to Eddy County, and settled on a farm, 12 miles •southeast of New Rockford, North Dakota. Here they lived until 1942, when they moved into the city of New Rockford, Fred Borth passed away on January, 1945 at the age of 69. Emilia Mauck Borth passed away in 1967 at the age of 74° There were nine children, all but Alfred live in the Western states.

Submitted by: Alfred Borth New Rockford, North Dakota

GOTTFRIED BOSSERT FAMILY

Gottfried Bossert and Christina Berreth were married March 23, 1902 in Hofnungstal, South Russia. That same year, Mr. and Mrs. Bossert, with his parents and other relatives, embarked for the United States, settling in Eureka, South Dakota. Later they moved to North Dakota, living at Linton, Mercer, McClusky, before homesteading six miles north of Wing on Section 10, in Richmond township, on April 8, 1906. Here they farmed the remainder of their lives, Mr. Bossert served as a board member on the school board, the Farmers Union Elevator Board, and the Farmers Co-operative Creamery. The Bosserts were influential in keeping the Lutheran Church going in their locality, where services were held in the homes and schoolhouses, before church buildings were available. With this Mrs, Bossert was also involved with the Ladies Aid in serving church suppers. Eleven children were born to the Bosserts, all of them were delivered at home: HELEN — married Rudolph Engel (deceased), farmed in Richmond Township many years. Raised a large family, Hilbert and Clifford live in Wing.Helen now lives in Bismarck. FRED — deceased ALBERT — married Lydia Graf, Albert has worked for the Patterson Land Co. many years. He now lives in Bismarck. DIM — Mrs. Clifford Bee DAVID — wife Emma live on the Bossert homestead. They are active in Church and community affairs. ELSIE — Mrs. Kermit Liane MARTHA —• Mrs. Alex Schmidt HILBERT — deceased CLARA — married Oscar Olson, is a teacher in the Wilton School. 2 sons: Melfried in Oklahoma and Dwight in Wyoming. CHRISTINE — Mrs. Norval Hill, live in Bismarck. GOTTFRIED — deceased. Married Rauha Koski, have 2 sons^ 1 daughter.

Submitted by: Mrs. Clara Bossert Olson ADOLPH & JOSEPHINE DEGNER

Adolph Degner was born February 27, 1873, in Poland. He came to the United States in 1904. At that time he had to come to Goodrich, as trans­ portation to other points near was not complete. He staked a homestead claim in Richmond Township, north of Wing. Adolph Degner married Josephine Golz, also born in Poland, March 31, 1882. Josephine came to the United States a year later than did Adolph. Here on the prairies they encountered the hardships of all pioneers: fires, cold, drought, and hard work. Adolph and Josephine are both deceased. Fourteen children were the offspring of this marriage, Marie, Robert and Avolt passed away in infancy: AMELIA — deceased, married Fred Smith, deceased. Four children: Verna—married Alvin Vollmer, farm in Florence Lake township 2 children: Allen-married Beverly Thorson, and living and farming with his parents. 2 children, Agnes—married and living in Englewood, Colorado Violet—married John Folmer, living in Wing, 8 children: Sharon, Linda, Norma, Versie, Joanne, Kevin, Christie and Steven Glenn—married Betty Ladson, living on the home place of his parents 4 children: Fred, Perry, Shirley and Glenn, Jr. HELEN — married Miles Panjkovich, deceased. 2 children: Delia— married Elmer Koski and living on the homestead of Elmer's parents in Harriet Township. 3 children: Roger,' Rhonda and Richard THERESA— Mrs, Ira Brown WILLIAM — wife Olga are living on. the original Degner homestead in Richmond Township. JOHN — married and live in Wing area. MATHILDA — Mrs. Risch, living out West, EVA — Mrs. Emmanual Fode, living in Bismarck. MARTIN — married and living at Upham, North Dakota. LOUISE—deceased, married Ray Seibel, deceased. EMIL—married Gertrude White, live in Bismarck. ESTHER—married Wilmer Rath, living in Bismarck.

Related by: Helen Degner Panjkovich

JAMES FITZGERALD James Fitzgerald was born in Wisconsin. He married Mary Ellen Ritchey there. They came to Richmond Township about 1910 and farmed here for a few years, before moving to the Regan area. They had eight children: Harvey, Laura, Frences, Bartholomew, Clara, Lawrence, Irene and James. The children still living in the area are: a son Harvey, at Regan, Laura, Mrs. Wallace Sherman, at Wilton and Frances, Mrs. Norbert Krueuger, at Bismarck. Mr. Fitzgerald died in 1946, and Mrs. Fitzgerald in 1975°

Submitted by: Hester Bailey -90- CHRIS HEIN FAMILY

Chris Hein was born in Borodino, Besserabien, South Russia. Settlement in this area were German colonies. He was born in I889. As a young man he left Russia and traveled to Argentina, where he worked on a cattle ranch for about one year. He left Argentina, going to California, thence to Tuttle, North Dakota, about 1913° He met Johanna Wiesenberger and they were married in 1912. They moved to the Axel Soder homestead in Richmond Township, Burleigh County. They lived here until 1930 when the family moved to California. Both Chris and Johanna are deceased. Chris died in 1971 and Johanna in 1963. CHILDREN: All the children were born near Wing. RUTH, TILL1E, EVELYN, ARTHUR AND LEONARD. Submitted by: Dorothea Skei Stroh

DANIEL HEIN

Daniel (Dan) was bom in Borodino, South Russia in 1889° He came to the United States at the age of 16, with his older brother, Jake and his wife Regina. He came to Fessender, and worked on farms for several years. He worked on the railroad, when it was being built between Tuttle and Wing. In 1914, he married Elizabeth Leno at Tuttle, North Dakota. Having no children of their own, they adopted a boy, Henry, at the age of 2-g- years from Henry Bickel of Tuttle. Dan and Elizabeth rented land, 2\ miles north of Wing and began farming. Later they bought land in Richmond township. Dan served on the school board and the Wing Elevator board for several years. They were members of the Lutheran Church. In 1940, the Heins retired and moved, to Lodi, California. Dan and Elizabeth have both passed away, and were laid to rest at Lodi, California. Henry married Ruth Trygg, September 20, 1940. Ruth and Henry are living on the home place of Dan and Elizabeth. They have three children: KAREN — married Howard Fitzgerald, 2 children, live in Bismarck. CONNIE — married Russell Folmer, 1 child, live in Eismarck. RONALD — at home, farming with his Dad. Submitted by: Ruth Trygg Hein

-91- JACOB HEIN FAMILY

Jacob Hein was born in Barodino, South Russia. Regina Gackel was also born there. Jacob and Regina were married in 1904, in Russia. They came to the United States in 1905, arriving in Manfred, North Dakota. They made their home with David Hildbrand for a year, then settled on a homestead three miles north of what is now Wing. For supplies they had to go to Goodrich or Driscoll, as the railroad was not completed along this line, (Wing-Pingree) and the town of Wing was not as yet laid out. Regina Hein passed away in 1929 and is buried in the Wing Cemetery. When Jacob and Regina came from Russia, they brought with them, Jacob's young brother, Daniel, who was then about 16 years of age. The Hein family had lost their father at an early age, so the older brothers took care of the younger brothers. It was a large family. After the death of Regina, Jake Hein married Magadeline Horst from Jave, South Dakota, in 1931° She had three children. In 1936, the Jake Hein family moved to California, where the family settled in Victor, California. They worked in the cannery for quite a while. Jake passed away in 1951, and is buried in the Lodi Cemetery. Magadeline Hein is making her home with her daughter, Irene, at Modesta, California. Children: There were 13 children, 5 deceased. Those living in 1976 are: DAVID — born at Manfred, married Katie Schnieder, 4 children. They live at Gazelle, CAlifornia. JOHN — married Esther Scherbenske, 2 children, live in Jamestown, N„ Dak. REINHOLD — married Erma Scherbenske, They have 4 boys. Reinhold and Erma live in Wing, residing in the original Wilsey Hotel, several times remodeled and moved to the downtown area of Wing, from the original site across from Knowles Livery Stable. Erma has been Cook in the school lunch program for a number of years. Children: Clinton—is at home. Milton—married Joyce Hochhalter, 3 children, live near Bismarck. Clarence— married Rachel Baumiller, 3 children, live in Bismarck. Dennis — at home. There were some hard times for the Hein family, but they were God fear­ ing people, and with Faith in the all knowing God, Trust in a Future for the family and Trust in the Lord, they raised their family in that tradition. May they rest in Peace.

Submitted by: Martha Hein Scherbenske

-92- FRANK HOLMBERG

Frank Holmberg and Ella Brown Holmberg came to. North Dakota from Winona 'County, Minnesota in 1922. They came to Beach, North Dakota where they home­ steaded. The Holmbergs had been married in Minnesota, and the four girls were born there. Frank had been a meat cutter, a mail carrier, a mechanic and a:<. farmer. From Beach, they moved to Richmond township, to the Pauchert homestead. Mr. Holmberg served on the school board and Ella was School District Clerk. Ella Holmberg died in 1938, and Frank traveled and lived at the homes of the girls until his death in 1959° CHILDREN: PEARL — married George Harmon. Georges—deceased in 1966. He was an elevator manager, mechanic and farmer. Pearl taught school six years, George served in the U„ S. Navy in World War I. Pearl has her home in Wing, and lives there when she is not away being a "Good Neighbor" to friends and relatives. ALTA — married Martin Kittleson. Live at Beach, where she has lived since homestead days. They have 4 children. ODDIE — married Harry Robinson. She taught school for 2 years. Lives at Hamilton, Montana and other points. WINNIE — married George Flores. George worked for Swift Packing for many years. He served in the U. S„ Army in World War I.

Related by: Pearl Holmberg Harmon

EDWARD LARSON FAMILY

Edward Larson was born in Iowa. Julia Debvick Larson was bom in Norway. After their marriage they lived in Madelia, Minnesota. They lived in a sod house from 1902 to 1911. They, then came to North Dakota and homesteaded in Stutsman County. Here they farmed until 1921, when they came to the north Patterson Ranch, about 6 miles north of Wing, North Dakota, in Richmond Township. Edward (Ed) was Deputy County Sheriff in Stutsman County. He served on the school board in Richmond township. The Larsons were very community mind­ ed. They took part in all affairs of the community and were great boosters

-93- for the Wing area. At the time Ed came to the Patterson Ranch, they farmed with horses. There was generally too much trouble with tractors. It was cheaper to buy the land plowed, than to plow with the old tractors. CHILDREN: ORVILLE — deceased, married Margaret Maynard, 5 children GORDON — married Margaret Knowles. Gordon was a farmer, carpenter, trucker, etc. He has been on the Board of Assessors, School Board and Church Boards. Gordon is retired and living in Bismarck. Children: Gerrald - married Carol Barnes, he is assistant State Soil Conservation ist. 3 children, live in Reno, Nevada. Judith Rose—married Herb Lloyd, 4 girls, 1 deceased, live at Meridan, Idaho. Elling—married Carol Bauer, from Page, N. Dak. 2 children, live in Bismarck, He is an engineer in the State Highway Department. Edward—married Laverne Faulk from Courtney, N. Dak. 3 children Live in New Rockford, North Dakota EARL—married Marlene Sailer, live in Bismarck. Works for Northern Construction. Edward Larson died in 1970 at the age of 90 years. Julia Larson died in 1951° Both are buried in Woodworth, North Dakota.

Related by : Gordon Larson

ERNEST LUTGENS FAMILY

Marie Lutgens (My grandmother) was born and raised in Germany. At the age of 17 she came to Owatonna, Minnesota, where she met and married Henry Lutgens. They farmed near Owatonna, Minnesota for many years. They had three children: Henry, Ernest (my father) and Bertha. My grandfather, Henry Lutgens, died quite young. My grandmother, Marie Lutgens continued to manage the farm. In 1903, my grandmother, Marie Lutgens and Ernest Lutgens (my father) moved to North Dakota. They homesteaded about 5 miles north of Wing. Their land joined that of Christ Berg, on the east. They farmed there until 1913, when Ernest passed away. We, the children sold the farm to Christ Berg. That big, white house that was on the Christ Berg farm.., used to be our farm house. Mr. Berg moved the house over onto his farm after he bought it from us. I understand that that house has since been moved over on what was the Dave Mitchell Ranch. Marie Lutgens and Mrs. Dave Mitchell were the two ladies that first got the Congregational Church started in Wing, North Dakota. My father, Ernest Lutgens, hauled all the lumber and materials used for the church. He did the hauling with team and wagon, from Wilton, North Dakota. The children of Ernest Lutgens were: LUCY— married George Piepkorn, They had 4 children: Foster, Claude, Judy Mae, and Cleo. Lucy lives in Stockton, CAlifornia . CLARA — married Carl Knowles, deceased. ALBERT

-94- (A note on David Mitchell family provided by Lucy Piepkom) Mr. and Mrs. Dave Mitchell came from Iowa, in about 1898, and settled four miles north of Wing, North Dakota, where they had a cattle ranch. They had two children, Boyd and Jean, Our first school house was an old claim shack located on the Mitchell Ranch yard. Later the Mitchells moved to 'Lodi, California. All have passed away since then, except Boyd. Boyd Mitchell still lives in Lodi,California Ernest Lutgens passed away in 1913 and is buried in the Wing Cemetery. Marie Lutgens died in 1913 and is also buried in the Wing Cemetery.

Submitted by: Lucy Lutgens Piepkorn

SAMUEL MAY & JOHN MAY FAMILIES Mr. and Mrs. Samuel May homesteaded north of Wing, in Richmond Township when it was first opened for homesteads. They had a horse and grain farm. The children were: JOHN, CHARLES, JEFF and a daughter, LULU.

John May, a widower with four children homesteaded seven miles north of Wing, North Dakota. The children were: ORA, WALTER, WILLIAM and HELEN. After Ora married Amiel Piepkorn, John May moved to CanadaB Submitted by: Ethel Piepkorn Suby

DAVID MITCHELL FAMILY

David Mitchell and Estelle B, Mitchell came to North Dakota in about I898. They came to this area from South Dakota, though they were originally from Iowa. They homesteaded the land that borders the lake that now bears the name Mitchell Lake. It is in Richmond Township. They had been ranchers in South Dakota and continued the ranching activity here. Their ranching consisted of both cattle and horses. They continued the ranching until 1921, when they went to Lodi, California to be with their children and families. They came back to Wing to spend the summers. They were getting ready to sell and leave North Dakota in the fall of I924, when Mr* Mitchell got sick and died suddenly. His body was sent to Eldora, Iowa, where he came from. Mrs. Mitchell died at Lodi, California, and is also, buried in Iowa. Mr. Mitchell was from Scotland and had a perfect Scottish brogue. Mrs. Mitchell had taught school before coming to North Dakota. The Mitchells were well thought of in the community. They were charter members of the Wing Congregational Church. Mrs. Mitchell was a wonderful manager and could do almost anything well. CHILDREN: Boyd—married Ella Hubbell, 2 children: Grant and Woodrow. Boyd had lung trouble for many years, reason for moving. Jean—married Mr. Bold. Jean passed away before Mrs. Mitchell. Submitted by: Annetta Lind Bailey (Mrs. Romeo Bailey) -95- NOLAN BROTHERS The three Nolan brothers came to North Dakota in the early 1900s. STEVE NOLAN, the oldest, lived in Richmond Township for a few years before entering St. Vincent Home in Bismarck. He passed away there. He never married.

WILLIAM NOLAN, better known as "Willie", had a farm in Schrunk township for some time. He rented it for years and later sold it. It now belongs to Evelyn Novy, William never married. Some time in the 1920s William passed away in Fargo, North Dakota.

EDWARD NOLAN, the youngest, lived on a farm in Schrunk township for years. He married a widow with two boys, the former Jennie Schyh, in about 1915° Children: John, Philip, James, Kenneth, Agnes and Edna. In the late 1930s the Edward Nolans moved to Salem, Oregon. Edward and Jennie have passed away. The children are all living in some of the western states.

Submitted by Ellen Ryan Novy

FRED OSWALD FAMILY Fred Oswald was born in Annental, Chorson, South Russia. Regina Remmick was from this area, also. Fred and Regina were married in Russia. Three Children were born there: Rosa, Margaret and Fred, In 1902 they came to the United States, to Mino, South Dakota, From Mino they moved to Richmond Township, north of Wing, North Dakota. This 1 move was made in 1906. Later they moved to Bismarck, where Fred worked at the time of building the old Capitol Building. CHILDREN: ROSA — married Dan Sieglock FRED — deceased MARGARET — married John Oswald, both are deceased. Children: Lucille, Alvin-deceased, Edwin-5— deceased, and Carl CHRISTINA — married Sam Walker, both are deceased 7 children After the death of Sam, Christina married Fred Jenner. They had 2 children. MINNIE — married Jake Wacker, both deceased. 2 children

-96- EDWARD —- married Pauline Schwindt. 2 children: Robert in the Air Force, has 4 children and Gregory in School, Pauline and Edward live in Wing. EUGENE — married Bertha Berg-deceased. They lived on the Jake Banttari homestead. They had 5 children: Darrell—married Rosemary Hopkins. They live on the home place. Darrell farms and Rosemary teaches in the Wing School. They have three children: Melissa, Suzanne and Dan. Janice—married Alvin Oster, They have 3 children and live in Craig, Colorado Timothy—lives, in Bismarck. Debrah—lives in Craig, Colorado. Rhonda—lives with Tim ,in Bismarck. In 1971 Eugene married Mrs. Helen (Marchant) Witt. They reside in Win^ BERTHA— married Jake Mehlhoff. They have 3 children. Reside in Carleton, Oregon.

Related by: Rosa Oswald Sieglock

VICTORIA SEILINGER

Mrs. Victoria Seilinger came to the United States when she was 16 years old. She came to Chicago and worked there for a time. She moved to Wisconsin and from there to the Wing area in 1901. She came to Richmond Township to homestead there. The first year the family lived in a tent. Some work was done on build­ ing a house the first year, but it was slow going as all materials had to be hauled from Denhoff or Goodrich. There was no school here at the time, but a year later a basement on the home place was used for a school, until one was built. The children were Charles, Mary, Henry and Herman. There was no Catholic Church in the area, so masses were held in the school or in the Mclntyre home. Farming was a slow business. Oxen were used for power, because of mange in the horses. The plowman walked behind a "walking Plow" with a wooden beam. Work was done early in the morning, often a round or two was plowed before the operator was called to breakfast. Because the heat was too much for the oxen, work was done early in the day, before it got hot. Then the oxen rest­ ed and the men dug rock until plowing could be resumed in the later afternoon. Coal was hauled from the Wilton mines with oxen, making this a two day trip, Charles, the oldest worked on the railroad when it was being built from Pingree to Wilton. Henry had to take horn to his work, somewhene near Tuttle. Then Henry had the trip home alone. The lonesomeness and vastness of the prairie, as he drove home alone, made him much afraid that he would get lost.

-97- There were no landmarkc and trails were not well-worn at that time. Charles never married, and operated the farm until his death. He is buried in the Wing cemetery. Mary, the only girl, married James(Jim) Walters. They built a house on the east side of Mitchell Lake. Helen was their only child. Helen married Bethel Bailey. James passed away and Mary married Humphrey Bailey. Mary and Helen are also deceased. Henry married Ella Kindred. They settled on the Johnson place, in Florence Lake township. Henry was road boss in the township for many years and also assessor. The children of this marriage were: Margaret, Lois, Donald , Jean and Lloyd. After the death of Charles, Henry with his son, Lloyd, farmed the Victoria Seilinger homestead for many years. Lloyd, his family and Henry, moved to Wing in 1975° Henry's other children live at various places on the West Coast. Henry spends his time, especially his winters, visiting them. Herman Seilinger married Gladys Kindred. They settled on the Eid place, in Florence Lake township. Herman held positions on the township board and school board. Herman lives in Nevada. The two children: Earl—operates a dairy farm on the home place, (Ben Eid place). The children are: Phyllis-married, Richard, David, Linda and Steven. Melvin—lives with his family in Illinois,

Related by Henry Seilinger

ARTHUR ELMER SHIPP

Arthur Elmer Shipp, as a young man of twenty-one came to North Dakota from his native home of Warsaw, Indiana, in I892. He homesteaded in Tichmond Township, just northwest of Wing, North Dakota, in 1893° He and Mr. Robert O'Brien were in partnership for eight years. They had a large herd of cattle and sheep, which they herded on open range. During the blizzards of I893 and I896 they lost a large number of both sheep and cattle. They did veryllittle farm­ ing except putting up lots of hay for winter feed. Mr. Shipp sheared sheep for the ranchers around Wing at seven cents a head. He could shear between 50 and 60 head a day. He did shearing for the ranchers even after he moved to Bismarck. He met his future wife, Margaret Little, of Rosemont, Ontaria, Canada, while she was visiting her brother, Francis Little of Baldwin, North Dakota

-98- in I896. She returned to her home in I897. Mr. Shipp, in 1900, went to Rosemont, Ontario and they were married. Returning to the homestead, where they lived for several years. They had six children: James-deceased, Harriet (Mrs. Lester Bunker) at Bismarck, Berna (Mrs. Arthur Pidarson) near Sterling, North Dakota and George, Star Route # 2, Bismarck. Howard and MaryElla died in infancy. In the fall of 1901, a prairie fire starting in Canada, burned all their feed, putting the cattle and sheep out for the winter, they came to Bismarck, returning in the spring. They put up hay for another year and again, in the fall of 1902, a fire started south of Wing, in the afternoon. Everyone worked to put it out and went to bed. About four o'clock in the morning, looking out they saw that the fire had started up again. There had been a change of wind and the fire was coming right for the Shipp place. The shipps lost everything, so Mr. Shipp decided to give up ranching and moved to Bismarck. Mr. O'Brien moved on his place and lived there several years. The homestead was in the family until it was sold to the State of North Dakota for a Wild Life Refuge. Mr. Shipp was a carpenter by trade. He worked for Elmer Fields in the furniture store. (Mrs. Fields also had lived south of Mr. Shipp, on what was later the Mitchell place. Upon Mr. Fields death, Mr. Shipp went to work for the International Harvester Company, where he worked for 18 years. H then went into business for himself. Mr. Shipp was also Burleigh County Coroner during the flue of 1919 and 1920, and Justice of Peace for many years in Burleihg County. Mrs. Shipp died in 1937 and Mr. Shipp in 1949.

Submitted by: Harriet Shipp Bunker

DAN SIEGLOCK FAMILY Dan Sieglock was born in Borodina, Bessarabien, South Russia. He came to the United States in 1913, coming to Hebron, North.. Dakota. He married Rosa Oswald at Wing, North Dakota. They settled on the John Fry homestead which he bought from Mr. Turnoy. This was in Phoenix township. The family moved to several other farms in the area, probably living for the longest period of time in Richmond Township. In 1965, Dan and Rosa retired into Wing. Dan passed away in 1975° Rosa lives in Wing, when she is not travel­ ing and visiting her children. She still raises a very fine garden.

-99- CHILDREN: MARTHA — lives in Gig, Harbor, Washington. IVAN — MARRIED Hilda Schock, 1 daughter, live in Gait, California, LEO — married Leona Wiedrich, 5 children, live in Tracy, California MARINE — married Betty Terry, 6 children, Live in Lodi, California, HERBERT — married Dorothy Western, 4 children, Live in Spokane Wash, LAVINA — married Al Davis, 2 children , Live in Florida EDNA — married Curt Sloan, 3 children, Live in Tacoma, Washington. RAYMOND — married Palma Meddlestead, 3 children, Live in Lodi, Calif. NILA — married Tom Balabon, 2 children. Nila is deceased. ARTHUR — married Geraldine Onehog, 4 children SAM — Single, lives in San Diego, CAlifornia. SARAH — married Walt Everett, 3 children, live in San Diego. LOUELLA — married Joe Smith, 4 children, live in Bismarck, N. Dak. BERNIECE — married Jim Hooper, 1 son, live in Seattle, Washinton. LAWRENCE — Single, lives in Bismarck, North Dakota, GLADYS — married Reinhold Miller, 2 sons, live in Rural Bismarck, N.Dak.

Of the 16 children, all are living with the exception of one: NILA.

Related by: Rosa Oswald Sieglock

EINAR KRISTIAN SKEI

Einar Kristian Skei came to America from Namsus, Norway. He settled in Wilton with his brother, John, where they both did carpenter work. In 1916, after John married, he and his family moved to his homestead" northwest of what is now Wing. There John and Einar farmed together for several years. Later Einar married Ruth Sandalin, daughter of Dr. Sandalin of Grass Lake, and a sister of Elizabeth Lind, who still lives on the home place. Einar and Ruth had seven girls and two boys, Beverly died quite young. Eileen and Corrine are living in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Norma, Evelynne, Mavis, Bonnie and Erving are living in the vicinity of San Jose, California, Earl is living in Seattle, Washington. During Ruth's and Einar's early years around Wing, Ruth taught school in the east school of Richmond township and Einar did carpenter work. Later they moved to Bismarck where Einar continued to do carpenter work. Later they moved to Seattle, Washington, where he continued to work at his trade and Ruth was employed at a hospital there. Einar died in December of 1973. Ruth still resides in her home in Seattle,Washinton.

-100- JOHN SKEI FAMILY

John Kristian Lund Skei came to the United States in 1901, at the age of 19. He was the son of Kristian and Dorthea (Lund) Skei. He had two sisters and five brothers. When he arrived in North Dakota, he worked around Mayville for several years. In 1909 he returned to Norway, planning to remain there, but things had changed so much that he decided to come back to America, On one of his ocean trips, he was a passenger on the ship Lusitania. He took up a homestead in Richmond township, section 6, ten miles north west of what is now Wing. He did a lot of carpenter work around Wilton. Some of the men he worked with were: John Howe, Martin Strand, Ole Uglum, Andrew Lein, and Sam Dronen. He also served as treasurer for the Richmond school district for many years. While Mr. Skei lived.in Wilton, his brother Einar, came to this country, too. He was also, a carpenter and they then worked together. In 1916, John. Married Minnie Christina Carlson, daughter of Ella (Wallin) and Carl August Carlson, who lived west of the Twin Buttes north of Baldwin. Her father watched the buffalo roam on the hills when he first settled there. , . Ella Carlson came to America about I884, from Helsingland, Sweden. Carl Carlson came from Lansing, Iowa. He brought his mother's spinning wheel to his home here, Minnie Skei is now the owner of this antique. He also brought a home-made commode (Chest of drawers) which Mrs. Ted Thorson now owns. After their marriage, Minnie and John lived in an apartment in the same building that Dr. Thompson and Dr. Nugent had their offices. Some of Dr Nugent's old dentist equipment is now in the Beck Museum in Mandan, North Dakota. When John was in Norway, in 1910, there was this big, falling star with a very long tail they they watched in the sky. When he came back here and was keeping company with Minnie, he was talking about this sighting and she said she had watched it, too. Einar Skei made his home with Minnie and John when he first came from Norway. About 1917,they moved out to the homestead where John had built a gran­ ary, which they lived in until the house was built, Einar and John farmed together a few years, using a big Mogel steel-wheeled tractor, to break the land. John died on February 26, 1962. He is buried at the Rose Hill Cemetery, south of Wilton. Minnie Skei is still living on the home place, though because of poor health, she lives with her daughter most of the time.

-101- CHILDREN: JOHN WILLARD — Farmer, he lives on the Skei homestead. Single. DORTHEA LORENE — married Ted Stroh. The strohs live on the Charlie Kuehl homestead,, Their children are: Lloyd Milo Stroh — married Delia Mae Schuh, daughter of Helen and Henry Schuh. They have one daughter, Lori Ann. They live on the Sxel Soder homestead. Lloyd, besides farming, is substitute mail carrier out of Wing. Evelyn Mae—married Arlie Krein, son of Elizabeth and David Krein. They have 2 daughters, Tamera mae and Lynette Fae. They live in Bismarck.

Submitted by: Dorothea Skei Stroh

JACOB STROH, SR.

Jacob Stroh was born, May 18, 1876, in South Russia. He married Katherine Wahl, bom November 13, 1873, in Kassell, South Russia., rjn May 20th 1897. 'Tneir first son , Jacob J. was born in Russia, on September 27, 1897. A daughter, Katherine Stroh Hauff, was bom on August 5, 100, also in Russia. In 1901, they migrated to America and settled in Menno, South Dakota, where they farmed for some years, raising grain and livestock. A son, John was born, February 7, 1903, a son Emil, July 2, 1905, a daughter, Mary, July 18, 1907, a son Edward, August 4, 1910 and a daughter, Annie was born on August 8, 1912, all in South Dakota. In i913, they moved to Upham and Kramer, North Dakota, farming here, also. There a son, Thebold (Ted) was born, December 12, 1915* In 1918, they moved to the Johns Lake area on the Tipel farm, where a son, Paul was born, June 18, I919. They , also, farmed here. In 1921, they moved to Steiber Township, to the George Sattler Farm amd sometime later to the Nels Christianson place in Schrunk Township*, Here they lived until 1935 until they moved to the Axel Soder homestead in Richmond Township. Somekhat later they moved to Regan, where they lived until they moved to McClusky, North Dakota, From there they moved to the Baptist Home for the Aged in Bismarck. Here they spent their remaining years. Jacob died, May 1, 1959 in Bismarck. Katherine died September 25, 1964. While living in South Dakota, they attended the Lutheran Church, and also at Upham. In North Dakota, they attended the Johns Lake Mennonite Brethern

-102- Church. When they moved to Bismarck, they attended the Baptist Church. Their children living around here are: MARY — married David Hochhalter, their children are: Melvin—is now married and has a daughter, Kathy from a previous marriage. Marvin—married Marlene Schuh. They live on the Jacob Hein homestead. Their children: Steven, Susan, Gregory and Diane. Violet —married Marvin Klaudt. Ardella—married Willus Gartner. Donald—married Louvane Theis. Floyd—married Patricia Wetch. TED — married Dorthea Skei, live on the Charlie Keuhl homestead. PAUL — makes his home with his brother Ted.

Submitted by: Dorothea Skei Stroh

GEORGE WAHL George Wahl was born in South Dakota in 1891. In 1900 his parents moved to south of Denhoff. George was then about 8 years of age. He herd­ ed cattle for a John Baker. Sometimes the cattle strayed as far south as near Haystack Butte and Mitchell Lake. George had a pony, so well trained that when it understood which animal was wanted, would cut that animal from the hers without any help from the rider. George was helping on threshing crews at the age of 15, cutting bundles for a horse-powered machine. A Mr. Lehr lived 4g- miles south of Lincoln Valley and he owned this machine. The horse-powered machine consisted of 12 horses, 6 pairs, that moved around in a cricle to move the gear. There was no blower or feeder. The bundle ties were cut and the stalks were push­ ed into the machine. Later, about 1910 or so, Mr. Walker bought a steam engine. The engineer didn't know his business, so George started ."monkeying around" with the engine and got it going. Mrs.Wahl would hold a lantern for George to see to fix the flues at night so as to be ready for work in the morning. In 1910, George Wahl and Christina Frey were married at Fessenden, N„ Dak. Christina?s parents came here in I898. George and Christina lived in her parent's sod house right after they were married. They lived two miles south of Lincoln Valley0 The Wahls came to the Wing area in 1932. They had a cattle and sheep ranch, and did some farming, George sometimes had from 500 to 1000 sheep and no barn. When the Wahls lived south of Denhoff, they had electricty on the farm before any one else. It was a 32V plant, George had run the light plant in Lincoln Valley before moving down to south of Goodrich. They then moved to Wing, where they bought property and had a building moving business. George also, worked for Webster Construction, when they worked on Highway 14 when horses were used instead of high-powered blades etc. He lived in a cook car and kept his horses in Knowles Livery Stable. The Wahls moved to various places and are now living in Wing. Here George and Christina raise a big garden and George invents things from "all junk", He has at present, invented a car to run with other than gas for fuel. It runs on steamT-power.

-103- CHILDREN: MARTHA — deceased, married Alfred Seibel,deceased.. Lived in Wing, moved to Bismarck. 4 children: Carol, Alan and Marvin, 1 died in infancy. WALTER — married Augusta Seibel,deceased. 4 children: Wally, Dorothy, Elda and Gladys. DELBERT — married Alma Vollmer, was in the moving business. Alma runs cafe, Alma Cafe. 5 children: Harley-deceased, Gary-1 child, Ronald, Corrine-Mrs. Lee Strand amdValerie. OLIVIA — deceased, married Ernest Hirschkorn, 9 children. TWIN GIRLS — deceased Related by: George Wahl

JOHN WEBER FAMILY

John Weber, son of Jacob Weber, who had homesteaded in Phoenix township homesteaded in Richmond township in 1906. This was about 4 miles north of what' later was Wing. In 1907, he married Regina Knodel. Because they had difficulty with the English language, being born in Russia, John Weber, Gottfried Bossert, and others with the same difficulties, went to night school in the school house on the hill (now moved below the hill), with Mr. I. F. Lytle as teacher. Later John served on the Richmond School Board at various times. In 1936, the Webers moved to New Rockford, North Dakota. Jake Leno mov­ ed on the farm and when Jake and Freda moved to Valley City, their son, Dallas took over the farm. He is living there and operating the farm with his family. John Weber farmed near New Rockford until his death in December, 1958. Regina Weber is now living in the Lutheran Home of the Good Shepard in New Rockford. The iJohn Webers had 13 children, one died in infance. CHILDREN: GOTTFRIED — deceased, married Lydia Wiesenberger. Children: Rachel, Bernard, Ronald, Arnold and Sharon DAVID — married Elvina Reed, Children: Carl, Lawerence, Stanley and Marylyn. RICHARD — married Jessie Braden, Children—Dwight and Karron. Richard remarried. Hap, Children: Sandra and Lee. JACOB — married Dora, who had a son Marshell ARTHUR — married Theresa Teavers, one son, Michael THEODORE — Doris Kilstrom, CHi^dren of Doris: Ronald, Dennis and Doreen Children of Ted and Doris: Carrie and Kyle BENJAMIN — married Bernadine Harty, Children: Johanna, Charlene, Michael and Debbora. MARY — married Bertrum Schroyer, Children: Pamela and James

-104 ROBERT — married Arlene Rosendahl, Children: Crieg, Kathleeen and Patricia. MARTHA —married William Whetham, Children: John, Joanna, Susan and Kerron married Rudolph Veen, Children: Randy, Sandra, Allen and Vickie. EDWIN — married Mable Flaskeried, children: Kevin and Michael. JOHANNA — Bom 10-5-1927 - died 8-8-1941

Submitted by: Mary Weber Schroyer & Ben Webber

(The following is an account read at the 50th Wedding Anniversary celebration held at New Rockford, North Dakota in 1957°)

Dear friends, relatives and Neighbors: We are taking this privilege to welcome you to be with us this day to celebrate with us our 50th Wedding Anniversary. We were married the 25th of August, 1907, at Phoenix, N. Dak., now Wing, N. Dak. We moved on a farm north of Wing with high hopes and great optimism. We were young in years and the future before us bright. There we made our first mistake, we set out goals too high, we never reached that which we strived for so hard. We farmed there from 1907 until 1936, and kept coming out just about at the same place where we began. All we accumulated was, 9 boys and 4 girls. 2 girls have passed on. Now, there are 34 grandchildren and 2 great-grandchildren. All the boys and their wives and families are with us today, except for one and the two girls and their husbands and families are here. To their credit, we have to say, they are all good to us—sons, daughters-in-law, daughters and sons-in-law. May God Bless them all. We came to this community in 1936, 21 years ago, and became acquainted with many friends and good neighbors. Since our marriage, we have seen about everything. Good times and bad times; had our ups and downs, but never altogether down and out. We always had enough courage left over to turn over another leaf, and try again. So, here we are, still hoping and trusting with plenty of ambition. Still striving to reach that goal we staked out at the beginning, but sometimes I'm wondering if it will ever be attained. In looking back over our past, we can see the hand of God leading us through life with a large family such as ours. At the beginning of World War IT, Uncle Sam came and knocked on our front door six times, claiming he had trouble \in his backyard. They all went and with the Will of God, all returned safely, for which we Praise Him. I So, here we are and we must say, "hitherto has the Lord helped us. To /God be the Glory, great things has He done. May God Bless you all.

John and Regina Webber

EMORY WILLIAMS FAMILY

Emory Ernest Williams was born October 8th, 1880, at Boone, Iowa, the son of Robert and Abbey Williams. In the winter of 1900, his family, alsong with several others, made up an immigrant train, arriving in Bismarck, North Dakota, March 1st. Emory married Amelia Howe on March 10th, 1909. She was

-105- the daughter of Ole and Anna Howe, of Montrose, South Dakota. She had come to Canfield township to keep house for her brother, John Howe. They had four children: Gladys, Rodney, Harold and Phyllis. In 1916, they moved to a farm in Richmond township, on the farm that is now occupied by Harold Williams. From this farm they moved to South Dakota in 1938. Gladys married Rev. Clarence Odermann, in June of 1934° They have three children. They are now living in Oakdale, Kentucky. Rodney married Martha Prindle, in June of 1947° They have seven children. Rodney was killed in a highway accident in August, 1973° Their children: Edwin, Robert, Donald, Jerry, Sharon, Shirley and Susan. Harold married Eva Trygg, in June 1938. They have four children. Phyllis married Douglas Griff en, in July of 1965. They live at Janesville, Wisconsin. Emory passed away in 1952, and Amelia in 1961. They are buried at Wessington Springs, South Dakota.

Submitted by: Harold Williams

HAROLD WILLIAMS FAMILY

Harold Williams was born May 3rd, 1917, on the farm where they still reside in Richmond township. He was the third child of Emory and Amelia Williams. He attended rural schools and Wing High School and graduated from Deering., High §chool. He served a period of time in what was known as the C.C.C. camp in northern Minnesota. In 1938, he married Eva Trygg, the daughter of David and Marie Trygg of Trygg township. She attended rural schools and graduated from McKenzie High School. The Williams attend the Regan Assembly of God Church. Harold is on the ^°'c Harold helped organize the Farmers Union Oil Company at Wing and served as its board secretary for 32 years. He, also, helped organize B.E.K. Telephone Mutual Aid Corporation, and is a member of its Board of Directors. He has served as secretary of the Burleigh County Farmers Union for many years. Eva is active in Homemakers, Christian Women, W.M.C. and Bible Coffee. Harold and Eva have four children: DARREL, born January 4, 1940, attended Wing High School and graduated from Valley City State College. In 1969, he married Mary Lou , the daughter of

-IO6- Dr. and Mrs. Bartilettie of Butte, Montana, They have two children: Chris and Pat, Darrel teaches school and has business interests at Cottage Grove, Oregon. MAYSIL was born March 4, 1948, attended Wing High School and graduated from Bismarck School of Nursing. In 1965, she married Harvey Malard. They have three children: Kim, Lowell and Wendy. They live on a farm southeast of Bismarck. PENNY was born May 4, 1948, attended Wing High School and graduated from Seattle Pacific College, with a degree in nursing. She joined the staff of City Nursing in 1971. At present she is attending Bible School at Weywehauser, Wisconsin. SANFORD was bom July 24, 1952. He attended Wing High School and then joined the Navy. Most of the time in the Navy, he was stationed at Honolulu, Hawaii, assigned to the U.S.S. Reeves. In 1972, he married Donna Schultz, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Schultz of Steele. At present he is farming with his Dad.

Submitted by: Harold Williams

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(COOKING from page 83 )

both either on top or once could be on top. Ice went into the smaller dooe and the ice water went into a pan, which had to be emptied at least once a day. Churning butter was a daily job for most people. The butter churn was glass and had a handle. It held about one gallon of cream, which took about ten or fifteen minutes to churn, unless something went wrong. Then it could take as long as an hour. Sometimes it had to be cooled and later tried again. After it was done it had to be washed with cold water to get the buttermilk out. So, cooking today is much easier than it was forty years ago. Most every­ thing has changed in the area of cooking. (Sandy Winkler)

-107- IILLfBWiei

Lewis H. Farley homesteaded the S-§SW|- (80 acres) of Section 22-142-77 in the year 1914. The name of his wife was Nettie. They sold this land and left in 1921. Mr. Farley was a veterinarian. Submitted by:Ann Knutson Schwattz

CONRAD KETTLESON

Conrad Kettleson was born in Jackson, Minnesota. Bergina Thompson was also from Jackson, Minnesota. They were married there and came to North Dakota. They came all the way with a team of horses. The Kettlesons settled in Rock Hill Township on WgW-g- of section 28, in the early 1920s. The Kettlesons were farmers. Mrs. Kettleson served as a midwife to many neighbors, and in later years many people knew of her as "Grandma" Kettleson. She was a gold star Mother. The Kettlesons had a large family. Mrs. Kettleson died in 1965. In 1940, .they moved to Mandan and Mr. Kettleson lived there in a home until his death. CHILDREN: WILLIAM— died .at birth. GORDON — died while serving in the Army. CLARENCE — married and farmed the place which was the Bardsley homestead in Wing Township. Children—Creighton, Betty Lou and Marlys. WILLIAM — died of a gunshot wound. LLOYD — died in 1974° RANDY — (Aim), lives in Bismarck. JENNINGS Submitted by: Betty Lou Kettleson Heidt

KNUTE & ADA KNUTSON

Knute and Ada Knutson moved to section 21-142-77 in the summer of 1932, from Menoken, North Dakota, They had three children at that time; Irene,

-108- Raymond and Victor. DAughter Ann was born in the winter of 1933° Knute was a veteran of World War I. He was born and raised near Pollock, South Dakota. Mrs. Knutson was the former Ada Anderson of Regan. ANN — married Albert Schwartz and they live in section which was the original farmstead of Knute and Ada. Their children are: Randy- a teacher, Pamela- attending NDSU and Kathy in the Wing Public School.

Submitted by: Ann Knutson Schwartz

THE LITTLE FAMILY

Two brothers, James and Arthur Little came from near Toronto, Canada and settled in what is now Canfield Township, in 1898. In 1903, James Little filed for a homestead in Rock Hill Township and proved up in 1908. In a few years, the father, sisters and brothers of James and Arthur followed them from Canada, to the new location. Herbert married Elsie Nixon, and settled near Baldwin. George married Florence Kolb and moved to the Bowman area. Albert married Iva Holmes and lived in the Wing area. Roy married Maude Benedict and lived in Canfield town­ ship. Arthur married Viola Kolb, but died before their first child, Clayton was born. Clara married James King and homesteaded in Wing Township on what is now part of the ZX Ranch. James married Arthur's widow and they had four children: Ruth, Clude, Virgel and Phyliss (Mrs. James Batterbery). James Little was the only member of the family who continued to live in Rock Hill. He farmed and raised horses and livestock. Mr. Little died in 1935° Mrs. Little and Clyde continued operating the ranch. At the present time, Clyde is the oldest living resident who was born in the township. There are many stories of the Little family, as their ranch was a stop­ ping place for travelers. Until the railroad came through, Wilton was the near­ est center. Many coal haulers made the Little Ranch an overnight stop, as it was a place to barn their horses and get some warm food. Mrs. Little recalled, when the railroad was being built, that she cooked dinner for fifteen railroad men, at an hour's notice, and received 250 per meal. The early settlers had open range for many years, and the Littles ran their cattle from Cattail Slough to four or five miles south of their place. This was all free range, but as more homesteaders moved in the land was fenced. Then the Littles sold most of their horses, retained the cattle and turned to

-109- farming on a large scale. At one time they farmed more than seven hundred acres with horses. James Little served in every township office and on the school board. He was a county commissioner for a short period. He was an early member of the Non-Partisan League, a charter member of the Regan Farmers Elevator and a director of the Regan State BAnk. The James Little family became one of the few settlers that stayed in the same location, through good and bad times. By so doing helped their community develop, thereby leaving their mark on history.

Submitted by: Clyde Little

EMIL MOSES FAMILY

Emil Moses was born to Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Moses at Westergotland, Sweden, on February 9, I877. He came to the United States in 1882, with his parents, four sisters and a brother. They settled at Cannon Falls, Minnesota. In 1907, Emil moved1 to Rock Hill township in Burleigh County. Here he ran a store for eight years before becomming a farmer. Emily Lyman was born July 28, 1890 at Corning, Iowa, to Charles and Louella Wilkins Lyman. Emil married Emily Lyman on July 25, 1916. Emily , in 1903, had homesteaded. with her parents in Lyman Township, near Wing. She taught school in Minnesota and later in Burleigh County. After the marriage, Emil and Emily resided at his homestead in Rock Hill Township. Emil served on the Rock Hill Township school board for 20 years and was a member of the township supervisors for 6 years. He was a bee keeper for many years and sold honey all over Burleigh County and at the store at Wing. Emil Moses passed away October 12, 1955. Emily Lyman Moses passed away September 30, 1972. CHILDREN: LOUELLA — married Donald Lange of Baldwin, North Dakota. They reside in Painted Woods Township, Burleigh County. They had three children: Bruce, who is living on the farm of his folks, Carlene, who married Margin Dockter of Wing and the son of Walter Dockter, Ardythe, who married Charles Hanson of Williston and now makes their home north of Bismarck, North Dakota. LAWRENCE — is making his home with Mrs. Paul Gilk and her family in Albany, Minnesota. MILTON —• married Beulah Mae Edmonton of Clovis, New Mexico in 1943. He has lived in Albuquerque since that time. Milton followed in his fathers footsteps by becoming a bee keeper and has been in the

-110- business , since retiring from the Civil Service in 1962. CARL — was a graduate'of Wing High School in May 1942. Carl died while serving in the Army Air Corp, on June 9, 1945, at Sebring, Florida. GEORGE — is now living near Moorhead, Minnesota and spends his winters working in the sugar beet factory north of Moorhead, MARLOWE —the youngest of the children decided that he would like to try farming after returning from the Air Force in 1955. In 196l, Marlowe married Rosemary Gylden, at Wing, North Dakota. They have continued to reside on the original homestead. In 1964, they built a new home to replace the one that was built in 1916, when Marlowe's folks were married. Marlowe and Rosemary have four children: Michael, born in 1964, Barbara Le Ann born in 1966, Jonathan Jay born in 1970, and Teresa Lynette, born in 1975°

Submitted by: Rosemary Gylden Moses

(The following are some portions taken from the Diary of Emily Lyman Moses. This diary was compiled by here for the children of Marlowe Moses, in 1972. Some of these entries were made before her marriage to Emil Moses.) A letter written to C„ W. Lyman, father of Emily. Emily was 13 years old at the time of the letter. July the 10th in 1903 Talcott, South Dakota Dear Lester, Pa, and Myron, If you'll just excuse me, I'll write my letter in this new way., and send it from here to you today. The pigs are growing and so is the corn And we, twice a day both night and mom Go trudging out to the pasture wide Bruce trotting merrily at our side, To milk the cow, getting much each time And sometimes Joseph (a neighbor) gives us a dime (Some times put a dime in the pail left hanging on a post as we drove the cow in the yard to milk her.)

Your daughter and sister, Emily

My father and two brother deove with a team of horses (the horses were treated very affectionately or with great care by father) and a covered wagon from Talcott, South Dakota to where he took out a homestead in what is now Lyman township, section 8. My father was called the "Father of Lyman Township". He later planted trees by much labor as was necessary then. There are now many beautiful trees making a fine grove which he planted. Mother was post mistress at Talcott, South Dakota, which was about ten miles south of where Conde, South Dakota is now.

So T. Parks was a sign on one of the stores in Sterling. The following year "Aetna was the name given to the post office establish= ed in our home. Mr. Presley Gosney of Sterling deove the mail and passengers from Sterling to Stark, which was another 30 miles north from our place. He

-111- had an open buggy and horses in summer and bob sled in Winter, He would go from Sterling to Stark on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and return on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. He would stop at AETNA each day, resting and feeding his horses, and eating dinner along with four or five passengers. We would serve them dinner, for which we charged twenty-five cents each. Out of that Mother bought cloth from Sears Roebuck and Montgomery Ward to make dresses for us girls, bought a pump organ, and Correspondence course in mail order music lessons. Then We three girls practiced those lessons three hours apiece every day. Sometimes the mail carriers, in winter would have to stay over night during a storm. What did Mother do then? She would have the family spread straw ticks over the floors, as many as needed, put bedding on them and PRESTO! That is where you sleep, arid happy to be out of the storm and cold. Straw ticks as you may know, consisted of ten yards long, 36 inch wide cloth, sewed in such a manner as to be filled with straw. There are memories of uncontrollable prairie fires, blizzards, Mother's attendance at places where the stork had been, and many more. Poverty? Yes. Hardship? Yes. But laughter, love, and loyalty. Parents who served God as best they could Children who honored them. (The above are some of the memories of Mrs. Emily Lyman Moses before her death in 1971°) |

Submitted by: j Rosemary Gylden Moses

THE STEPHEN NEMETZ FAMILY

Stephen Nemetz and Julia Dougherty were born to neighboring farm families in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, on August 10th, I885, and May 28th, I891, res­ pectively. In 1916, Stephen and Joseph Nemetz and his wife, moved to Rock Hill Township to farm, as did the Dougherty family. Stephen farmed with his brother, and also clerked in a retail store in Wing, during winter months. In 1922, Julia and Stephen were married in Fargo, North Dakota. They settled on the Murphy farm in Rock: Hill township, where they raised their family of four boys. Stephen was active in township affairs, being president of the township board and the Dchool Board. The family were active members of the Wing St. Ignatius Catholic Church* All the boys were graduated from; Wing High School, after they attended grade school in Rock Hill Township. Julia and Stephen saw three of their boys through service in the Marine Corp, and one in the U„ S. Army. Joseph, Basil and Roger were graduated from the University of North Dakota, and Paul attended Dickinson State Teachers College. Stephen Nemetz died in Bismarck, North Dakota in June, 1950. He was buried in St. Mary's Cemetery. Julia moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin-, where she lived until her death, June 2^, 1967. She is buried in Bismarck, beside her husband. -112- The boys still have ownership of the family land. They all have fond memories about "home" , and they visit the area as often as they can. CHILDREN: JOSEPH — born June 24, 1923, at home on the farm, as were his brothers. He married Jean Anderson, of Wing, in 1947, They are parents of four children, presently residing in North Olmsted, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. Joe has been employed by Aliis-Chaimers Mfg. Co., since 1948, and is now Branch Manager of the A-C Credit Corp. BASIL — born July 9, 1925, married Florence Brown, from Wishek, North Dakota, in 1953° They have seven children, Jeffrey, Brenda, Denise, Eileen, Bernard, James and Barbara, and now live in Memphis, Term. Basil has been employed by Equitable Life Society since 1953, in Industrial and Land Appraisal. PAUL — born July 22, 1928, married Eunice Nelson, of Parshall, N. Dak.-., in 1952. Their children are David and Carol. After many years in Ohio with Ford Motor Co. , Paul had a Volkswagon dealership in Grand Forks, N. Dak. In 1974, they moved to Casper, Wyoming, Paul to be manager of the area Small Business Administration. ROGER — was born December 25, 1930. He married Mary Quinn, from Worchester, Mass., in 1956. They live in Schaumberg, 111,, a suburb of Chicago, with their four children: Ann Marie, Stephen, Joseph, and James, Roger has been with Jewel Tea Co, since 1955, and is on the corporation staff for the Employee Benefit Program,

Submitted by: Joseph Nemetz

SEVERN BERG OLSON The earliest information is that as a young man Severn Berg came to this general area about 1900, from the central part of Minnesota, where he was born and raised. His earliest rural Burleigh County Post Office was Slaughter and then Trygg, North Dakota. In 1929, he purchased land in section 22 of Rock Hill from a C. Friedrich of Red Wing, Minnesota. He never married and died in I962 in Alaska, where he had lived several years while settling an estate of his brother's. His renter and buyer of the land after it went into estate was Albert Schwartz, who is the present owner. A rough colorful single man, he was called Severt. He later became lame after an accident with his horses. Early letters indicate he always farmed and ran horses* In 1902, he purchased a set of harness for $26.00, a suit for $15.00, and bought oats for 350 a bushel. Postage on letters was 20, bait interest on an early 1903 mortgage was 10$. A colorful romance took place in 1905 with Josie, from the Roanoke Hotel of Bismarck. He was offered a job at Wilton in 1901 for $20.00 a month and room and board for his team of horses, as a bonus. Submitted by: Ann Knutson Schwartz

The party that homesteaded the farm site of SEj- of 22 was William H. Young in 1913. He later was married to Emma Young and they left in the year 1918.

-113- EDWARD ZIESENISS Homesteaded N^JEj" a™1 SfeNWi of 28-142-77 Patent from U. S. A. in the year 1913, 160 acres. After putting in the required time for homesteading, he left for his former area, Presque Isle, Wisconsin. He rented out his land until the year I960, when he sold it to Albert and Ann Schwartz. Submitted by: Ann Knutson Schwartz

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AUTOMOBILES By Jeff Seilinger Wing High School

This is an account of Clarence Kindred's history of cars and roads as recorded by Jeff Seilinger. In the early 1900's there weren't any roads. Cars were driven on cow trails or right across the prairie. The first car owned by the Kindred family was a 1916 Overland priced at $1,600.00. It had a manual shift on the column and a 4-cylinde!!* engine. They also, owned a Model-T Ford converted into a truck having a chain drive. The cost was $325.00 with solid rubber tires. Other than being helpful on the farm, it also worked to take 13 people to Illinois from North Dakota. The next car that the family owned was different from any of the rest. It was a 1920 Reo, holding a maximum of 9 passengers. The engine had 6-cylinders„ As time progressed, Clarence woned his own car, a 1924 Model-T Roadster. Having no heaters, it proposed a problem in winter. In 1926 the roads became better; thus, cars became faster. Mr. Kindred owned the fastest car made of the time, a Chevy Coupe. Besides having 4-cylinders, it was equipped with a heater. Three years later, after owning his first Chevy Coupe, he purchased another. Modeled in 1929, it carried 6- cylinders. Other than that one factor, it was a poor quality automobile. After a few months of fighting with broken axles, the '29 Chevy was traded off on a 1929 Model-A Coupe consisting of a 4-cylinder engine. This car is considered his best car of these times. Shortly after the radio was invented, it appeared in the automobile. The first car owned with a radio was a 1941 Plymouth. After 130,000 miles, he considers this a good car, also. 1949 introduced Mr. Kindred to a DeSota. A bearing blew out, so he traded it for a 1958 Ford pick-up. Revealing the troubles of the earlier years of transportation, it has be­ come a blank to many of us. The oil came in 40, 50, and 60 weights, gas ranged from 7^ "to 300 a gallon, being very crude, and cars consisted of only dark colors. As you understand these problems, are the problems with transportation of today so bad?

-114- MUK TOWHI

STEFAN BACHAR

Stefan Bachar was born in Czechoslovakia, February 14, 1885. He came to America in 1902. He first came to Chicago, Illinois. Then he went to Scotland, South Dakota. He applied for his citizenship papers in 1906, while in South Dakota. He came to North Dakota that same year* He received this in September 18, 1906 in Summit (Schrunk) township, Burleigh County. In June 1913, he came back to Chicago and married Anna Foltin, also, from Czechoslovakia. He came back to N. Dak., and the homestead with his bride. Stefan Bachar's first house was made of sod. His neighbors helped him build it. In 1907, Stefan broke 4 acres of sod and planted flax. He harvested 17 bushels. In 1908 he broke 8 acres and planted flax. He harvest­ ed 71 bushels. In 1909, 8 acres, 66 bushels, in 1910, 5 acres, 7 bushels, in 1911, 10 acres, 26 bushels and in 1912, 3 acres of flax produced 60 bushels. (From the Diary of Stefan Bachar) Before he could break the ground, it had to be cleared if rocks. Some were very big and he needed a team of horses to help him get the rocks out. (I remember 2 big piles my father had on his land. My brother and I used to play on them.) There were 4 children born to the Stefan Bachars: two sons, Charles and George: and 2 daughters: Elizabeth and Julia. All four of the children are married and still living. The occupation of Stefan Bachar was farmer and Anna was a housewife. At one time Stefan was treasurer for the Schrunk School District. I (Elizabeth) was born in the sod house and my father attended my birth. It is recorded on my birth certificate. When I was one year old, my father bought a 2-room house and had it moved on his farm. This was a wooden house. Later he had another room built and this was the kitchen. At age 21, my father went"to school to learn to read and write English. The teacher that taught my father came back again to teach in the same school and taught my brother and me. The Bachar family moved away from North Dakota in the fall of 1927. We moved to Chicago, Illinois. Stefan Bachar passed away, July 3, 1962. My

-115- mother, Anna, still lives in Chicago. Additional Information: When my father came from South Dakota, he came with a Slovak family in a boxcar. They rented the box car and brought all their belongings in it. The name of that family was kramer. They got their homestead the same time that my father did. Mr. Kramer is still living in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, with a daughter. Three other families also from Czechoslovakia, settled in the same area in Summit Township. These families were: Rehus, Kostal and Sladek. A son of Mr. and Mrs. Rehus lives in Chicago. All four of these families, the Kramers included, moved away from North Dakota before we did.

Submitted by:

Elizabeth Bachar Kolar

ROY G. MARCHANT

Roy Marchant was born at Columbus, Ohio, October 18, 1881. He died July 18, 1952. He attended High School at Scotland, South Dakota and college at Brookings, South Dakota. He married Edna Plattner at Tyndal, South Dakota, June 1, 1906. Edna Plattner was born at Scotland, South Dakota, December 2, 18960 She died, November 30, 1950. Mr. and Mrs. Marchant came to McClusky, N. Dak., by train in June 1906. They settled in Schrunk Township. Roy had come on ahead and built a two-room house and a sod chicken house, later adding a barn with a rock foundation. Roy served on school and township boards and Edna served as school Clerk in Schrunk township. They attended the Methodist Church at McClusky. CHILDREN: CATHERINE — bom at Scotland, South Dakota, March 15, 1907° She attended grade school at Schrunk, High School at Scotland and Dickinson College. She married Clarence Khudson, at Bismarck, April 2, 1926. Eight children were born to them. They lived on a farm at Hector, Minn., later moving to a farm in Schrunk township. In 1957, they moved to Bismarck, where both Clarence and Catherine worked in the hospital. Mrs. Knudson continued working as a Nurses Aide for 15 years. Mr. Knudson passed away in June, 1958. On March 18, 1972, Mrs. Knudson married Warren Tewksbury. They make their home in Bismarck. CHARLES LER0Yr— bom at Scotland, South Dakota, August 4, 1908. He married Ruth Hein, a daughter of Christ Hein, October 6, 1930. They lived at Fresno, California and Wing, North Dakota. They had two children: Lloyd and Darlene, living in California. Later he married Lorraine Wentz, on Oct. 24, 1938. They lived at Wing, N0 Dak. Their children

-116- are: Joan, now living in Alaska, Marlys at Jamestown, N. DAk. and Perry in New Jersey. LeRoy passed away March 3, 1950. HELEN — born March 25, 1911, at Scotland, South Dakota. She attended school in Schrunk rural school, Hector, Minnesota High School and Valley City College. She taught school for 25 years at McClusky, Florence Lake School Dist. and Wing Public School. Helen married John Witt, April 9, 1930. They lived on a farm in Florence Lake township and moved to Wing in 196l„ One son, Jack, was born to them. He now lives with his wife and sons at San Diego, California. John Witt passed away, July 29, 1970. Helen married Eugene Oswald, November 13, 1971» They make their home at Wing, North Dakota. MARGARET — bom at home, May 3, 1913, attended rural school at Schrunk school and Wing High School. She married Herbert Hoffman, at McClusky, March 18, 1933. They lived on a farm in Sheridan County until I960, when they moved into McClusky. Four children were born to them: Carol, Roy and Harold living in Bismarck and Sharon of McClusky. IRENE — born February 28, 1915° She married John Reile, November 3, 1934*. They have lived in McClusky since their marriage. TWo sons were bom to them: Darrel, living at Bismarck and Duane of Des Moines, Iowa* An early purchase of the Marchant family was a piano from Sears Roebuck, of Chicago.' Both Mr. and Mrs. Marchant played the piano, often playing duets together. A favorite pastime was to gather the family around the piano and sing. The neighbors also joined in, bringing their violins and accordians. They would play together for hours. There was hail, drought, grasshoppers and prairie fires to destroy the crops, but there were good times, too. The people were friendly and they gather­ ed at homes, coming for miles in the winter with horse drawn sleds to play games, cards and dance. Mrs. Marchant had never lived on a farm, so she knew little of what oxen might do. One day, feeling very brave, she put her children in the wagon and started out to visit a neighbor. But, the oxen had other ideas. It being a hot day, they left the trail, pulling the wagon into a slough of water. Here they spent the afternoon. When it got cool, in the evening, the oxen went home. In World War I, the people of the community were very active. The women belonged to the Red Cross, knitting socks and sweaters, and rolling bandages. The men belonged to the Home Guard. They had uniforms and had target practice and marched. There was much patriotic activity int the form of speeches, music and singing, Florence Lake was a social spot, where many picnics were held. There was a base ball game every Sunday afternoon and a dance Saturday night, in the loft of the big barn„ Submitted by: Helen Marchant Oswald

-117- JACOB J. STROH, Jr.

Many courtships in the 1900s were done by horse and buggy, but by 1917, Jacob Stroh did his by motercycle. The Jacob Stroh, Sr. family lived near Kramer, N. Dak, and the Philip Wahl family lived..in what is now the John's Lake area. Jacob Stroh, Jr. was born Sept. 27, 1897. He married Pauline Wahl on Sept. 27, 1918, at McClusky, N. Dak. Then they moved on the Riha Place, now the Johnnie Nigrin farm. On Feb. 5, 1920, Alma Lorraine was born. Then later they moved.to the Herdabu farm and in 1923 they moved to Alta, N. Dak., in recent years know as the Burback farm. In 1925, on Oct. 22nd another daughter, Velda La Verne was born. They moved a house onto the property in Schrunk township, Burleigh County, shortly after and other buildings were built. During these first years of married life there many slim years. It meant many long hours spent in farming and cattle raising. Then in 1936, when the depression came, with a large herd of cattle, a lack of feed and water, they pulled up stskes and moved to Lodi, California. This was a caravan, which consisted of the Jacob Stroh, Jr. family, the Ted Hochhalter family and the John Stroh family and Ed Schatz. The Emil Stroh family, also, left, but wemt only as far as Montana. In California, Pauline worked at the cannery and a nut Plant. Jacob worked for Jacob Knoll as a trucker. He, also, worked for a few others during the grape and celery harvest. In April 1937, they decided to move back to N. Dak. on the farm. The Philip Wahls and Paul Wahls moved back with them. Another attempt was made to farm. Some years were good arid some were bad. Several visits were made to California, as by now daughter Velda lived in Lodi. In 1951, they came to California and established residence. From the spring of 1952 to 1964, a yearly trip was made to N. Dak. to spend the summer and put in a crop and harvest it. Then they returned to Lodi to spend the winters, a total of 13 trips were made. Jacob Stroh served on the school board in Schrunk township for some time while living in N. Dak. They also were members of the John's Lake Mennonite Church and took an active part in church affairs while they lived there.

Submitted by: Dorthea Skei Stroh

VACLAV NOVY

Mr. and Mrs. Vaclav Novy came to the United States from Bohemia and settled near Red Wood Fall, Minnesota. The oldest son, James was nine years old at that time. In 1907, the Vaclav Novy family: Mr. and Mrs. James Novy and his wife Mary, Joseph, Aloys, Marena and Elizateeth, and a niece, Mary Horky, came to Denhoff, on the last day of October. They drove from Denhoff with teams of horses and wagons, to Pelican, N. Dak. Pelican was a post office in Schrunk township, Burleigh County. The Novys, with others got their mail there until Wing started a mail route in 1912. CHILDREN: JAMES —married Mary Marek

-118- JOSEPH —married Agnes Safas. MARENA — lives in St. Paul, Minnesota. ALOYS — lives in Pine City, Minnesota. ELIZABETH — married Orville Sperry. They built up the farm which is now operated by Roland Celley. The Sperrys are now living in Bismarck. They have one son, Warren. MARY HORKY, the niece, a foster child—lives in Billings, Montana.

Submitted by: Elizabeth Novy Sperry

JAMES NOVY James Novy married Mary Marek in Olivia, Minnesota. Mary had come to the United states 'from Bohemia at the age of 18. James and Mary homesteaded in Schrunk township. Later this homestead was occupied by the Wohnautkas, the Auchs, and at present the Lawrence Kofflers. The James Novys were members of St. Ignatius Catholic Church in Wing. James was active in township and school affairs, and served on local boards as well as the elevator board. Mary and James Novy lived on their homestead until retiring to Wing, a number of years before the death of James, in 1958. He is buried in the Wing demetery. Mary Novy is at the St. Vincent Home in Bismarck. CHILDREN: One child died in Minnesota and another in infancy in N. Dak. ANTON — married Ellen Ryan. They settled on the Vaclav Novy homestead. They lived here until they moved to Wing in 1976. Anton and Ellen were active in township and school affairs. Both served as members of boards and clerks of both school and township. Anton , also, served on the Wing School Board, after reorganization, the elevator board, the Creamery board and the ASC board. Children: Mary—married Andrew Eckholm. They live on the Thompson Bros. homestead. 3 children, Daryl, Carolyn and Curtis. James - on the farm. Joseph (twin) - on the farm. Josephine (twin)-deceased Eileen - going to school in Mandan, TRACY — married Frank Wohnautka, they lived on the James Novy homestead. They now live in Bismarck. 3 children. ANNIE — lives in California EDWARD — deceased, AGNES — married Norbert Crone, live in St. Cloud, Minnesota, 5 children. ELIZABETH — Sister Elizabeth, a teaching nun at Mary College ROSE — married Ruhmann, had a store in Wing, now live in Sacramento, California, 8 children PAUL — (Twin) Served in World War II, married Mabel Sedivec, 1 child Paul and Mabel live in Wishek, N. Dak. PETER (Twin') Served in World War II, married Donna Lou Suby. 3 children: Peter, Richard and Susan Contributed by: Mr. & Mrs. Anton Novy

-119- JOSEPH NOVY

Joseph came to North Dakota with his parents in 1907° He married Agnes Safad' He bought the Fred Johnson homestead in Canfield township. He had lived on the 'j same place all the time in North Dakota. Agnes passed away several years,ago. | Joe was a cattle and grain farmer. He is retired now, but still lives on the i| farm. His son, George is doing the farming. The family are members of .', St. Ignatius Catholic Church in Wing. j CHILDREN: * EVELYN -a teacher and school superintendent, now at home. MELVIN GEORGE - operating the farm.

Contributed by: Mr. & Mrs. Anton Novy.

**************************** WING SCHOOL PTA GROUP The Wing School PTA was organized on January 23, 1925, at the Wing School. Mrs. G. W. Raulett was present from the State BTA stating the purpose of organizing such a group. First officers elected at that meeting: Mrs. V. P. Heaton — President A. 0. Lee —Vice Pres. Mrs. A. J. Carlson — SEc. Treas. (Later Miss Hagen was appointed as Mrs. Cailson was unable to serve) Mrs. Gerda Anderson — Program Committee Mrs. Olga MeClellan —Social Committee Mrs. H. C. Edgerton — Membership Committee The membership dues were generally 250. Members in the year 1926-27: Mr. & Mrs. J. D„ Hoag Miss Viola HAgen Mrs. Iva Little MR. & Mrs. Bernard J. Michaels Miss Rose Holstein Miss Lenora Johns Mr. & Mrs. Axel Soder Mrs. L. R. Johns Mrs. Roy Bond Mr. & Mrs. Emil Erickson Mr. & Mrs. A.E.Kopplin Mr. & Mrs. B.W.Graham Mrs. Fred Cumber Mr. & Mrs. Geo.Anderson Mrs. N. H, Collins Mr. & Mrs. Ben McCloskey Miss Sadie Josephson Mr. & Mrs. V.P. Heaton Mrs. Everett See Mr. & Mrs. H.C.Edgerton Esther Cederstrom Mr. & Mrs. J.J. Horner Mr. & Mrs. Geo Piepkorn Lena Torgerson Mrs. Carl Teppo Miss Lola DuToit Mr. A. 0. Lee Miss Ella Mueller Mr. & Mrs. J.J. Scallon Miss Edna Boss Mrs. MAry Smith Mr. & Mrs. Bob Haas Mr. Everett See Mrs. Ole Anfinson Mrs. John Harty Mr. & Mrs. Ed Larson Mrs. Byron Knowles PTA in the Wing School carried on for some years when it was sort of disbanded. It was reorganized in about 1947 and carried on until 1975 when it was again dissolved. Taken from the notes of Bernard Deckert. (Mr. Deckert researched the books of PTA groups, very thoroughly, but there is insufficient space)

-120- mm TQWssflff

JOHN EDWARD ANDERSON John Anderson was bom in Yonkers New York, May 3, 1880. Died May 13, 1936. John and Hulda Stom were married in Bismarck, North Dakota on December 19, 1911° Hulda was bom August 23, 1889, in Burleigh County. She died, May 13, 1964° John and Hulda homesteaded in Trygg Township.' CHILDREN: ^ _rr IRENE DOROTHEA — bom Nov. 22, 1912, died Jan. 29, 1955. Married Alfred Anderson in Bismarck, Feb. 25, 1935 FLOYD ALLAN — bom July 7, 1914, married Irene Speten in Bismarck, 1939° ETHEL MARIE — bom Sept. 30, 1921, died May 5, 1922. HAZEL EVELYN —bom March 8, 1918, married Hugh Little in Seattle, 1942. HELEN MARJORIE — bom March 30, 1923, married Harold Lundie, Seattle, 1944 EDSEL REYNOLD — bom April 18, 1927, married Pearl Duma, in Wilton, 1950 EDGAR RAYMOND— bom April 18, 1927, married Marian Morris, in Wilton, 1961 EDNA LORRAINE — bom Feb, 9, 1930, married Orville Lindquist, at Wilton, July 17, 1954° Submitted by: Dorothy Little Trygg

MAURICE & AMANDA ERICKSON Maurice Erickson was bom in Norway on February 1, I878. He came to the United States when he was 16 years old. He came with his parents to Richland County, North Dakota. Then he came to Trygg township, in 1902 to file on a homestead. He married Amanda Odden in Bismarck on April 12, 1908. Amanda Odden was bom in Wyndmere on January 16, 1888. Maurice and Amanda lived on the homestead until 1946, when they moved to Bismarck. They lived in Bismarck several years, then moved to McKenzie to live with their son Roy. Maurice Erickson died July 19, 1959 and Amanda Erickson died August 21, 1974° They had 3 sons: Elmer—deceased, Roy—deceased, and Melvin, now operates the homestead of his parents. Submitted by: Sylvia Eckholm Olson

-121- MELVIN ERICKSON FAMILY

Melvin Erickson married Olga Neugebauer. They lived on the Maurice homestead. Olga was a school teacher and very active in community affairs, especially the Burleigh County Homemakers, where she offices on the local and county level. Olga is deceased. Melvin lives in Bismarck but farms and lives out there part time. They had five children: Ervin, Errol, Emid & Elissa, teins, and Erin.

Submitted by: Sylvia Eckholm Olson

HARRY HEDSTROM

Harry Hedstrom was teorn at Steele, North Dakota on March 21, 1886. He homesteaded in Trygg township in 1907° February 19, 1913, he married Sophie Olson. Sophie was born in Dickey County, North Dakota, July 15, 1886. Harry served on the Trygg township Cemetery Board and on the Co-op Store Board in Wing, N. Dak. Harry passed away in 1966, and Sophie died in 1973° They had one daughter, Lenora, married Einard Juhala.

Submitted by: Sylvia Eckholm Olson

CHARLES OSCAR KELL

(The name was changed from Schell to Kell after coming to the United States) Charles Kell was born September 23, I872 in Sweden. He came to the United States in I89I and settled in Lincoln, Nebraska. Rose Lindholm was born in Sweden-December 3, I89I. She came to America with her parents in I873 at the age of five. Her parents settled in Lincoln, Nebraska. Charles and Rose were married in Lincoln, Nebraska in I898. Charles Kell worked for the railroads in Nebraska before coming to N. Dak. In 1907, the Kells came to North Dakota with their two children and homesteaded in Trygg Township. Charles served in the NOrth Dakota House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921. He was employed by the North Dakota Hail Dept. until he retired. Charles died March 18, 1957 at Elsinore and was interred there.Rosie

-122- died November, 1928 in Bismarck, interment in Fairview Cemetery in Bismarck. CHILDREN: ERNEST E. — born December 4, I899 in Lincoln Nebraska. Passed away, April 24, 1973, Interment at Elsinore, California MABEL BELL—married Olin, born June 15, 1903 in Lincoln, Nebraska. Passed away April 30, 1975, interment at Elsinore, California.

Submitted by: Dorothy Little Trygg

ARTHUR MAGNUS

Arthur H. Magnus was born in St. James, Minnesota in 1882. He attended grade and High School flhere. He came to North Dakota with his parents, Peter and Julia Jukulen Magnus in 1907° His parents settled on a homestead in Christiania township and Arthus homesteaded in Trygg Township, Clara Reid was born in Grundy Center, Iowa and came to North Dakota in 1905, as a teacher. She homesteaded in Trygg Township. Arthur and Clara were married in 1910 and they settled on her homestead in Trygg township. Arthur, was by occupation a well driller and farmer. He was active in community government. He was clerk of Trygg towship many years and served as Burleigh County commissioner from 1938 to 1950, when he passed away. He is buried in St. Mary's Cemetery in Bismarck. Clara was a teacher and she served, as treasurer of Trygg township until her death in 1943* She is also buried in St. Mary's CEmetery. CHILDREN: MELVIN — born 1911, married Bertha Erickson,deceased, 3 children. ELMER bom 1913, married Lucy in Commerce, Calif, no children. CLARENCE— born 1914, married Irene in I946, in Lomita, Calif. 1 son, deceased. MABEL — born 1915, married Steve Gylden of Lyman 9138, 3 girls, live in Tukwila, Washington. MARIE bom 1917, married Sam Crockford, live in Lewiston, Idaho. 2 children LYNN bom 1921, deceased 1975, Buried in Washington Memorial, Seattle. LYLAS — born 1921, married Les Mariner 1941. Les passed awat I965, Live at Woodworth. 2 children. Submitted by: Lylas Magnus Mariner

-123- NELS AND MARIA NELSON

Maria Swanson was bom in Sweden, April 8, 1871. Nels Nelson was born in Sweden, Kuly 13, 1866. They were married in Sweden, June 19, 1897. They lived in Sarby, Kristianstad, Skone, Sweden, the southern part of Sweden, known as the garden of the country, with a mild climate. At the time the Nelsons lived there, a few small farms were in operation, but the major part of them were large. The second class people worked out on the large farms, where housing was furnished for the employees. Nels worked in a saw mill that was driven by water power at the time they left Sweden. He had, also, worked on the railroad. Maria's oldest brother, Peter Swanson, came to the United States in I883, at the age of 19. Their uncle by marriage, Charlie Swenson, Who lived in Maynard, Minnesota, furnished the necessary money for him, as well as other members of the Swanson family to come to the new frontier. This included, Emma, Nils, and Maria and Nels and their two children. Emma and Nils had come to Minnesota about 1885 or 1886. Charlie Swenson's wife was a sister to their mother. Since Maria's sister and four brothers were already in the United States, it wasn't hard for them to make up their minds to come, too. Only, they'had two little children, Clara, nearly 4 and Ben, 2. Their belongings were packed into a trunk, especially made by Nel's brother and especially sized to hold a spin­ ning wheel that he had also made for them to take to their new home. The trunk contained their home-spun and woven clothing, table and bed linens. Clara and Ben were wearing wooden shoes. On March 2, 1902, the Nelson family left Sweden. They went by ferry from Malmo, Sweden to Copenhagen, Denmark. At Copenhagen they boarded the ship, "Oscar II" for it's first voyage. There is little said about the voyage, except Maria and Clara were terribly seasick. Clara did observe her fourth birthday the second day out on ship. They arrived in the United States, March 26, 1902. After going through customs at Ellis Island, they boarded the train in New York to Maynard, Minnesota, where Maria's Uncle Charlie Swenson and sister Emma lived. They arrived here on April 1st. Nels worked with the railroad section crew there, until September, when they left with their family of three now, as Ruth was born, August 31° Only three weeks old and traveling. They were met in Bismarck by brother, Pete Swanson. Om October, they homesteaded in section 18, on the NEj- of Trygg Tosnship. There were a few homesteaders there then: Andrew and Charlie Trygg, John Anderson, Albin Spangberg, Mary and John Bohan. John Bohan had a post office, known as the Bonn Post Office, in his home and the mail was hauled from Bismarck ' by Ernest Kemma, who lived in Rock Hill township, until 1909, when a new mail ;• route was established from Baldwin. Later the township was organized and named, Trygg. I That first winter of 1902 and 1903, Maria, Clara, Ben and Ruth lived with Otto Swanson, another brother in Cromwell Township. Nels had found work on the \ John Rodger's farm north of McKenzie. He did chores so he would have money for : a down payment on a team of horses. These pioneers were very determined to get :, a start in the new land. \ There were many trying times, too, some almost disastrous. In the spring of 1903, Maria and her three children were alone at Otto5s homestead when she notices a prairie fire approaching from the south. Sparks from the Soo Line locomotive had set the fire. With the fire getting closer to the buildings, she : quickly pulled Otto's top buggy into a plowed field. She placed the three small . children in the buggy, put on a pair of overalls and fought the fire. Neighbors were kind, and seeing the fire turned out to help her, so all the buildings were j saved. I i -124- Later that spring, the Nelsons built a sod house of two rooms, on their homestead and by fall they had built a sod bam, and now were living on their homestead. Nearby, in 1904, a new schoolhouse was built and that fall, Clara started school, not being able to speak a word of English. Getting started in farming wasn't exactly easy, Pete gave them a cow, and they bought two more. Auction sales were held often and many useable items were gotten then. In March of 1904, Nels went to an auction sale and a quick blizzard came without any warning. He couldn't get home, it stormed all night and by 2 o'clock the next afternoon the coal supplying the sod house was getting low. The coal was kept in the sod barn, Maria ventured out in the storm to the barn, milked the cows, fed the calves the milk, and returned with the coal. Her children were certainly happy to see her back. She had to shovel the snow into the house in order to get out in the first place. This was a risky thing for her to do, as many things could have happened. The storm lasted into the second night, but calmed by morning, and Nels returned home, finding his family safe and the horse's stalls full of snow. In the years of 1903, 04, 05, at harvest time, Nels went hauling bundles for a threshing outfit in the Fessenden area. In 1907, another disaster, a bad hail storm struck and lightening killed one of the cows. Several horses and cattle of neighbors in the area were lost, too. Another bad storm hit the area in 1909, and in that storm the roof was blown from the sod house and rain came in, leaving deep water on the floor. Since they had a cellar they could go into until the storm was over, no one was hurt. The next day, they had to plow new sod to make a new roof. In the spring of 1910, they moved from the sod house to the Bohan farm, which they had bought. It had a better house and the Bohans had moved away. That was a very bad year, as everything had dried up so there was no harvest. It was worse in South Dakota, and many people packed up a few things and came to North Dakota. One man, named Nils Neilson, stopped and left his horses until Spring, He came back and got his horses. He had worked in the coal mines at Wilton. In 1914, a new tow-story house was built on the homestead, by John Rue, The Nelsons and their six children and Hugo, Victor and Emma, who were born previously, moved into that. This new home was a gathering place'.for many of the neighbors, for card parties and many times they even danced in the big kitchen. Lunches were prepared in the pantry, off the kitchen. Every family that came, brought something for the lunch: cake, sandwishes stc. Coats and the babies were put on the bed in the downstairs bedroom, Maria and Nels milked cows and raised chickens for meat and eggs to supplement their income. They traded in Baldwin and Regan, as these towns were closer than Bismarck. As time went by, a telephone line was built from Regan to the community. Then they were not so isolated. The closest neighbors were: John and Charlie Rue, Skoglunds, Sophis Johnson and Willie Edlund. Maria.and Nels moved in 1938 from their farm to Bismarck. The farm was turn­ over to their sons, Hugo and Victor. The dry years of the 30s were not easy to endure and they were not yound anymore. In 1939, Hugo and his family moved to Oregon. Then in about 1941, the farm was sold to Sam Brown. Maria and Nels" last home was an apartment in the home of Albin and Florence Spangberg, their former neighbors. Maria passed away December 25, 1946. Nels lived with his daughters for a while and his last years were in a nursing home in Fargo, where he passed away, January 7, 1953° CHILDREN: CLARA — married Victor Engdahl, now live in Bismarck. BEN — married Edith Gordan, who also live in Bismarck. RUTH — married Clifford Scott, now live in West Fargo, N. DAk. HUGO — married Leona Broehl, and now live at Union, Oregon.

-125- VICTOR — never married, lives at Bismarck. EMMA — now deceased, married Marion Scott, lived at Grand Forks.

Submitted by: Dorothy Little Trygg (Written by: Evelyn Magnuson granddaughter of the Nelsons)

LARS & ANNA CHRISTINA OLSON

Lars Olson was born at Roros, Norway, September 6, 1835° On May 19, I87I, he married Anna Christina Keoming and together they came to America in 1881. Later they came to Burleigh County, where Mr. Olson filed a homestead claim. Lars and Anna lived oh'this homestead until his health failed. Then they lived with his sons, Ole and Louis. Lars died at the residence of his son, Ole in Trygg township. The funeral was held from the residence of his son, Ole. He was laid to rest in the cemetery in Trygg Township. Lars had donated the land for this cemetery, and was the first one to be buried there. CHILDREN: OLE — homesteaded NW Section 12, Trygg Township. He never married. He lived on the farm until his death in 1935. Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Olson and son Delbert and family are living on the place now. Ole came to this homestead in 1902. LOUIS —married Hilda Erickson JULIA — married Dave Spangberg. Julia and Dave homesteaded on Eg- of W-g- of Section 10, in Ghylin township. They were mattied Jan. 1, 1908. They had no children. Dave died April, 1952, and Julia died October 3, 1975- SOHIIE — married Harry Hedstrom.

LOUIS OLSON

Louis Olson married Hilda Erickson in Richland County, in 1902 and came to Trygg township later that year. They had the NE quarter of Section 12. Louis Olson was a farmer and also owned and operated a blacksmith shop most fo the time. This was the only shop for miles around. People came from miles away to get some blacksmith work done. Louis was active in township and school board affairs. He helped get the mail route south of Wing, started. Clara remembers very well, the first mail carrier that came. She mailed a letter, put it."in the box, stepped back a few feet and waited for the mail man to pick up the letter and put the mail in the box. In about 1907, a bowery dance floor was built on the Louis Olson farm. Tree branches gathered from the patch of willows that grew along Apple Creek, were used for the roof. Dances were held here Saturday nights. All the neighbors for miles around would come. Music was furnished by Herman Erickson and Louis Olson. Louis Olson passed away in July 1, 1952, victim of a tornado which passed over the farm. Hilda Olson died, February 11, 1973° CHILDREN: CLARA — married Sten W. Wanttaja in 1923. They lived on Grandpa Wanttaja"s farm for a few years, then moved to the farm vacated by the Gilbert Cotes family. Here they farmed and raised chicken, sold eggs to restaurants in Bismarck and other regular customers. When Bill had a -126- stroke and was disabled, this work was discontinued. Clara and Bill have moved into Wing, North Dakota. Willys — married Grace Amundson in 1950 and lives in Fargo. He works for General Diesel Co, of which he is a stockholder. 2 children. Bemice — married Wayne Hickel. Wayne works for Dakota Welding Co. in Bismarck, live in Wing, 2 children Kenneth — passed away in 1951, EDWIN — married Sylvia Eckholm, One son Delbert. Edwin, now 71 years old was born in Trygg township and has resided in Trygg township all these years. He inherited the Ole Olson homestead, and moved just across the creek to that home from his birthplace, Delbert married Arlene Hausauer and they have 2 girls, Delbert and his family live a on and operate the farm, the Ole Olson homestead, JOSEPHINE — married Jenson, Josie is deceased, HILMA — married "Bud" Sedivec, 4 children: Jean, Dean, Carol and Susan later married Orrie Monk, deceased. Hilrna lives in Wilton. LAWRENCE — lives in Wilton. Married Dorothy Harris from Clarksville, Term, while he was in the service, 3 children: Wayne, Jonathan and Juanita CLARENCE — married Ella Trygg, live in Dillon, Montana, 2 daughters. CLIFFORD — married Tyne (Eckholm Harju), 3 children, live in Minot. ELOISE — married Felix Siirtola MAVIS — married Armond Schopp, live in Aberdeen, S. Dak. 4 children: Janet, Sheryl, Melanie and Justin.

Submitted by: Clara Wanttaja

CHARLES J. RUE FAMILY

Charles J. Rue (Charlie) was born in Telimarkin, Norway in I867. Laura Rue was born in Worthington, Minnesota in I875. They were married in Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 20, 1900° E. F. Palvily, Minister; Claire Todd and William Edward, Witnesses. On the 30th day of November, 1907, Charles J. Rue was appointed POSTMASTER at BOHN, in the county of Burleigh, North Dakota, and on the 20th day of January, 1908, executed a Bond and took office, Signed by Postmaster General, George V. L. Meyer. Thus, the Charles J. Rue family moved from Minneapolis, Minn, to Trygg Township in 1907, remained on the farm and farmed the land (Homestead) until 1929, when the family moved to Bismarck, N. Dak. Charlie served on the local School Beard:, the Elections Board and performed many other civic duties, during his farming days. He worked with the J. J. Rue and Sons C Construction Company after moving to Bismarck. Helen and Gladys taught in the Public Schools in Bismarck Laura Rue was active in Church work. Mrs. Davis said, "The Ladies Aid Society could not start until Laura Rue was there to perk the coffee and bring in the Goodies." During World War II days, Charlie was offered a job as Foremen in the Ship Yards on the West coast, San Francisco. Mr. and Mrs, Rue lived on the West Coast until 1945, they returned to Bismarck, sold the home on Ninth Street and moved to Woodward, Iowa, to be near family members. Charles J. and Laura, had no sons to carry on with the farm, however they provided the opportunity and encouragement for their daughter to seek an eduaation. Madeline received her nursing degree from the University of Minnesota and served as a Registered Nusse. Helen received a B.S. degree from the

-127- University of Minn, and a Masters Degree from the University of Michigan. Helen served as the Lady Councilor at the Clara Bryant (Mrs, Henry Ford) and Wm. W„ B. Stout, Jr. High Schools in Dearborn, Michigan. Madeline was president of the Women's Aixiliary to the Iwoa State Medical Society in 1951-52. Gladys received a B.S. degree from the University of Minnesota, served as a Position Classifier and Management Analyst, Federal Government, in the United States and (.Japan. She is past president of the Tampa Branch American Association of University Women and the Presidents' Round Table of Women's Organizations of Tampa, Gladys Rue Randell is listed in the 1972 Edition - Personalities of the South and the Dictionary of International Biography 1975° Clara was very active in Church work while living in North Dakota and Montana Margaret was nominated for Georgia, Mother of the Year, in 1969° Quote from Austell Enterprise, "Mrs. Clark was selected as Austrell's outstanding mother because of her love and devotion to her family and home, and her interest in the civic, cultural and religious growth of Austell." She is listed in the 1974 Edition, Personalities of the South and the 1975-76 Bicentennial Memorial Edition of Personalities of the South, Laura and Charlie Rue celebrated their 50th Wedding Anniversary, June 1950, in Woodward, Iowa, at the home of Dr. and Mrs. Howard Smith. Friends and relatives came from California, Montana!, North Dakota, Minnesota, Georgia and Michigan. It was "a gala affair. Madeline Rue Smith moved from Woodward and now lives in Leisure World, Orange County, California. Helen Rue Smith lives in Dearborn, Michigan (since 1942), Gladys Rue Randell (Happy) lives in Tampa,, Florida (since 1955)° Margaret Rue Clark (Tula) lives in Austell, Georgia (since 1937). Madeline visited a number of European countries two years ago. Helen visited a number of European countries three years ago and last year visited Australia, New Zealand, and various islands. Gladys has taken two tours with the retired Officers Association - to the USSR and the Balkan countries - Yugoslavia, Romania, Turkey and Kiev. Laura Rue - deceased 10-19-63 Woodward, Iowa Charles J. - deceased 11-24-63 Woodward, Iowa Clara Rue Trygg.- deceased June 1958, Bismarck, N„ Dak. CHILDREN: MADELINE — born 1902, Minneapolis, married Dr. Howard Smith, Woodward, Iowa HELEN — born 1905, Minneapolis, married Earl E. Smith, Dearborn, Mich. Gladys — born 1907, Minneapolis, married Col. Russell R. Randell, Augusta, Georgia. CLARA — born 1911, Trygg Township, married Elmer Trygg, Bismarck MARGAGET — bom 1916, Trygg Township, married Dr. Frank B. Clark, Austell, GEorgia.

The followirg is an account by Madeline Rue Smith, daughter of Charles Rue. As a child growing up on the North Dakota prairies, I remember the hard­ ships and also the lovely beautiful life. The advantages far out-weighed the disadvantages. The prairie fires and vlizzards were dreaded. There were many lean dry years. I loved the spring time - waited for the crocus - the first flower in the spring; the green hills - the melting snow - the clean air - healthy climate, sunrise and sunset. One year I taught in a country school in Rock Hill town­ ship. I drove and early Ford car - saw every sunrise and sunset - going and coming to school - they were magnificent.

-128- During the war, Mrs. Rue was chairman of the Liberty bonds ans sewing for the di district. Judith was chairman of the Red Cross and sold War Saving stamps in her district. When the war was over Erwin, Milton and Charles attended Business College in Fargo, and in 1919, Mr. Rue started his three sons, Erwin, Milton and Charles in building culverts and bridges. Their firm was called J.J. Rue and Sons. In 1924, the family moved to Bismarck. Judith started teaching in the new Roosevelt School on January 7, and the next fall the family moved ti a home on 3rd Street. Around that time Mr. Rue resigned from the firm and the firm was called The Rue Brothers. -In 1926 Genevieve graduated from Bismarck High School. Mr. Rue bM.lt am apartment house at 711 Avenue A, and in November of that year the apartment house was completed and Judith and Genevieve moved in with their parents. Erwin died in 1931° He and his wife, Violet, didn't have any children. Charles and Blanche and his family, Robert John, Richard and Elizabeth, moved to Fargo in 1927. Charles' firm was then called The Rue Contracting Company. Charles died September 20, 1954° His son Robert John was killed as the result of a car accident in September 1959° Milton and his wife, Norma have three children, Beverly, Milton, Jr. and Mary. Milton's firm was called The Milton Rue Company, Milton, Jr. became associated with his father in this firm and is continuing and is head of the Milton Rue Company since the death of his father, May 29, 1968, The family now live in Hawaii. Genevieve married Lucas Miel in Detroit, Michigan. Genevieve was a Public Health Nurse with the City Health Department in Detroit before her marriage. They have one daughter, Christine. She married Larry Kramer. They have one daughter, Kathryn Louise Kramer. Mabel, Clara and Judith never married. Mabel Rue who was Executive Director of the Community Health Service in Grand Rapids, Michigan, for 25 years is now living in Leisure World, a retirement community, Seal Beach, CAlifornia. Clara was living in a retirement home in Stanton, California. She died in this home. Before retirement, Clara was Educational Director for the Visiting Nurses Association in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for 25 years. Judith retired frpm the Bismarck Public School System as Audio-visual Director in 1958. She completed 42-g- years of teaching. She is living in Bismarck. (Note: Judith has since died.) Mabel and Clara were both elementary teachers before taking up nursing. Mr. John J, Rue died of cancer at the age of 73° The daughters of Mr. and Mrs. John J. Rue, Mabel, Clara, Judith and Genevieve, are all college graduates. Mabel received her Bachelers and Masters degrees from Columbia University in New York in Public Health Nursing Education and Administration. Clara received her Bachelers degree from Columbia University in New York - major, Public Health Nursing Education. Judith received her B.A. degree in Education from Minot State Teachers College in 1938. She is a pioneer in Audio-visual Education in Bismarck and North Dakota. Genevieve graduated from the five year Nurses Course at the University of Minnesota and received her B. S. and Public Health degrees. The apartment hoase was sold inJuly, 1967. Mrs. Rue, who is no over 101 years old, was the first resident of the Missouri Slope Lutheran Home, July 6, 1967. She is happy in her new home and has good health for her age. Her memory is good, (note: She died there at the age of 102-g- years. All of the John J. Rue family have passed away, except Mabel who lives in a retirement manor in Long Beach, California. Mrs. Rue is (was) a Life member of the McCabe Methodist Church, a Life Memorial member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and was local President for 5 years. She is (was)a Life member of the Fort Lincoln Chapter of the War Mothers. She has been President and Vice President. She was always happy when her family progressed and did something for their community and state.

-129- Additional to up-date the previous account, by Mabel J. Rue: Milton Rue,son of John J. Rue, was very active in Community affairs in Bismarck, His contracting firm was one of the most successful firms in the state (as was Charles in Fargo). He gave the Arts Building at the Junior College, a Youth Building to the Baptist Church, and gave to many other worthy causes. He was National Committee man of the Republican Party during the Eisenhower administration. Milton was in the Senate of the State Legislature for many years.

I'm (Mabel) now the sole survivor of the John J. Rue family.

Submitted by: Dorothy Little Trygg.

ANDREW OLAF SKOGLUND Andrew Olaf Skoglund was born in Sweden, March 1, I864. He married Katern Helen Westen. Andrew Skoglund came to this country in about 1893? worked for a while in the woods In Minnesota, then went to Canada and worked on a new railroad that was being built, boing from Wast to West. When he got enough money, he sent for his wife and child, who was about 2-3 years old. Mrs. Skoglund tells about how hard it was coming here on the boat, crowded, not being able to speak the English language, with an active child. She tells about having a trunk filled with food, which she had brought with her to be used on the boat, but which had been put in the hold of the ship. Not being able to speak English, and timid, she.couldn't get her trunk. So, it was all spoiled by the time she got here. This trunk is still in the family. Mr. Skoglund was a farmer all his life, until moving to Duluth, Minnesota, about 1923, where he was retired. He passed away in 1952. Mrs. Skoglund passed away the same"year and the same month. Visiting was more common in those days. People would get together at neighbors for visiting and parties. There wasn't much gping long ways for entertainment, when you either walked or took horses that were used for farm work. There were Literary Societies, programs were held, Speacking, sing­ ing, debates etc. and Basket Socials. At Christmas always, School Programs were given and well attended. Visiting ministers would come and hold services at school houses and homes. The minister would stay at on of the homes while he was in the community. One worry was prairie fires, which were common, with no roads and few fields to stop them. So, every one was on the look-out for smoke. These fires would go for miles when they got started. Wet sasks, forks, and what ever could be used, was called out to fight a fire. Fire breaks were plowed around houses, often starting out across the prairie with the horses and plow to try to make a line of defense0 Many people and property were destroyed in some of these fires. Every one that was able to help went to do what they could, even boys in school were often asked to be excused to go help. Fruit was scarce, folks would take a team of horses and wagon arid go to the river to pick wild fruit; plums, chokecherries, and grapes. It was a long trip, some 20 miles or so, in a bouncing wagon. Trips were made to the river (Missouri), too, to cut wood for fuel and for fencerposts. Winter fuel was got at local coal mines, a distance of 10-15 miles. They would get up very early, 2-3 o'clock in the morning, to get an early start.

-130- Not having horses at first, father made skis to get around with in the winter time. He made them by putting them in the reervoir of the stove to soften then for bending or turning up in front. He used them going to a store in the country to get groceries with a sack on his back. (The Emil Moses Store) He traded work with neighbors for the use of horses and machinery. So, he got some ground broke for a garden, potatoes and small grain field. A neighbor loaned a cow so there would be milk for the family. A man with a threshing machine would come around with the machine, going from farm to farm threshing. It usually took a day or two at a farm, but if there was rainy weather, he could be at a place for two weeks or more. There was early and late work for the men and women, as the threshing went on from early morning until as long as they could see in the evening. Lots of food had to be prepared. There was not much that could be prepared ahead, as there were no refrigerators to keep fppd for any length of time. There were quite a few men working on the machine, up to 30. All work being done was done by each family, except for some exchanging work with a neighbor, if there was something he could not do by himself. Father dug wells for water by hand, up to 60 ft. He would fill buckets by hand and mother would bring them with a windlass. In some he would have water, and again there would be none, so that hole would be abandoned. Sand piles were left then, which the children really enjoyed playing in. My folks came to Trygg Township in 1907, took up a homestead and proved up on it. My father would work in Bismarck, sometimes in the winter for some cash, in the earlier years. CHILDREN: BEDA — deceased. Mrs. Oscar Coleman, born in Sweden ELVIRA — deceased. Mrs. Fred Sabot, born in U. S. MABEL — Mrs. Arthur Solberg, living in Bismarck. IDA —Mrs. Bert Hendershott, living in Wilton. RUBEN — deceased, lived in Duluth,Minnesota JOEL — living in Duluth MILDRED — Mrs. LeRoy Keeler, living in Myrtle Creek, Oregon ERNEST — deceased, bom in Bismarck.

ALBIN SPANGBERG Albin Spanberg was the son of Rev. Magnus Spangberg, a pioneer minister. Albin was bom, december 31, 1881, in Sand Lake, Wisconsin. He came with his parents as a child in 1889, to settle in the town of Slaughter, an early post office, near Wilton. Slaughter served the people as a post office at that time. They homesteaded in Ecklund township where the family grew up. In 1904 Albin Spangberg took up a homestead in Bohan township, later called Trygg, and farmed there for 40 years. On Dec. 3, 1914, he married Florence Lundquist, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Alex Lundquist, McKenzie, North Dakota. He took an active part in the community affairs and served for many years on the school and township boards. In 1944, they sold the farm and moved to Bismarck, where he was employed at the Blue Ribbon Hatchery & Supply Co., for a number of years. Albin passed away, May 12, 1975, at the age of 93° His wife is living at t the Baptist Home.

-131- CHARLES J. AND MINNIE TRYGG

Charles J. Trygg was born in Ostergotland, Sweden in January 13, I876. He came to Bismarck with his mother in 1886. Minnie C. Trygg was born in Sweden in {July 11, 1879 and came to Bismarck in 1888. Charles and Minnie were married, November 28, 1901 and homesteaded in Trygg township, the same year. (The township was named for Charles and his brother, Andrew.) They were members of the Assembly of God Church In Regan and actively supported it in every way they could. Community affairs were also important to them, Charles served on the school board and for several years was a member of the county ASC Committee. Minnie was a charter member of the Cedarhill Homemakers Club. There was no adequate building for miles around in 1918, the year their new barn was completed. As it was spring and no need for the hay loft, the barn was put to public service. Church services, which had been in progress for some time, outgrew the small school house in which they were held, moved to the Trygg barn. With the help of interested neighbors, benches and a pulpit were constructed, the ESTY reed organ brought from the school and the neetings continued. Larer the same fall, a play was put on by the young people of the community, to raise money for the Red Cross. In the early years of their marriage, Minnie was the only lady in the immediate neighborhood. Several of their bachelor neighbors depended on her. to bake their bread. They would buy a hundred pound sack of flour and she would-bake it up for them, as needed, For this she would furnish the other ingredients and receive one dollar per sack. A son, John Trygg, married Dorothy Little, with his son John Richard own and operate the farm, which has been in the family for seventy five years. The Children of John and Dorothy Trygg: Joann Carol- married James Newman, live at Sawyer, North Dakota. Susan Marie-married Duane Lewis, live at Edmonds, Washington John Richard—married Judi Miller, live on the Charles Trygg homestead.

Submitted by: Dorothy Little Trygg

E. ANDREW TRYGG

E. Andrew Trygg was born, May 29, 1877 in Ostergotland, Sweden, a son of Mr. and Mrs. John Anderson. Several years later his father was killed in a logging accident. In 1886, at the age of 9, he came with his mother and brother Charles to the United States. That same year his mother married August Trygg and they made their home in Gibbs Township, about ten miles northeast of Bismarck Work was the schedule of each day and neighbors worked together. This created a real community tie and occasionally a personality clash. Although schools were few and far between, Andrew got the three basic R's: Readin', 'Ritin', and 'Rithmetic, which he used very well. Any leisure time was spent visiting neighbors and playing guitar, which Andrew did very well. Church services were often conducted in schoolhouses and homes; after the services the young people would sing and play their guitars. Harvest and threshing time was plain work and backache. At first scythes were used, then binders and headers. I have pictures if threshing being done by beating or pounding the grain on a barn floor, and of Andrew (about 1901) unload­ ing cut grain to a horse-powered separator and threshing machine. Dare we call

-132- those the "good ole days"? One good feature of those "good ole days" was the privilege to homestead, which Andrew did in 1905 in Trygg township, named after the three brothers, Charles, Andrew, and David, who took up homesteads in that area, about 30 miles northeast"of Bismarck. On nov. 15, 1906, Andrew was married to Esther Karlson, who was born Sept. 19, I883 in Bismarck, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Karlson who came from Sweden in April I883 and took up a homestead in Naughton Township about 15 miles northeast of Bismarck. Surely Andrew and Esther's honeymoon must have been more work than pleasure; proving up and improving a homestead could not be called a Sunday picnic. Dad (Andrew) used to tell of the winter blizzards that would last for days, especially one late spring blizzard that took the lives of many sheep and cattle of a close neighbor, Mr. Bowen. I (Elmer) remember that many years later we picked up a half-wagonbox of bleached bones from those unfortunate animals. I would not be surprised if remnants of those bones could be found today. The prairie fires were frightening, too. At night the horizon would be red as it reflected the fires that would burn for days, changing direction as the wind changed. Good fire breaks were a must around all buildings, haystacks and pastures. On Aug. 21, 1907, Andrew and Esther became the parents of Edgar. On Oct. 21, 1909, Elmer came to keep Edgar company and on Aug. 2, 1916, Alvin appeared, giving Andrew and Esther a male trio. I am sure we three boys were out of tune many times, but the strict discipline and much work Andrew and Esther kept us out of jail as well as teaching us some very basic principles of life, for which I am grateful. In 1914, Andrew and Esther became modern, graduating from a spring wagon to a Model-T. From then on distances shrank as wagon trails became graded roads. Kerosene lamps gave way to gasoline lamps and Andrew was among the first in the community to install a carbide lighting system in the house, barn and granary. We were really "up" in society when he bought a big Buick. Then the depression of the 30s deflated us all. Life became a day-to-day struggle for existence for both man and beast. Thistles and two-year-old straw became the diet for cattle and horses, but we survived and again saw many good years and crops. Truly God does watch and take care of us if we really trust and let Him. As time passed, Edgar and Elmer married and went their separate ways: Edgar and Mary (Morris) to California where Edgar worked at an airplane factory, and Elmer and Toddie (Rue) went into the ministry, accepting a church at Grand Forks, North Dakota. On May 5, 1937, Esther passed away, leaving Andrew and Alvin alone. Soon after Alvin married Genevieve Edson. On Jan. 4, 1939, Andrew married Hazel Johnson, who passed away in 1950. Andrew sold the old homestead in Trygg township and moved to the Karlson place in Naughton Township which he had ac­ quired. He spent part of his time on the farm and part with Alvin in Bismarck. The Lord certainly had given Andrew good health; he was seldom sick and kept active every day. Feb. 22, 1961 seemed no different. In the afternoon he had written me (Elmer) a letter. After mailing it at the corner mailbox, he return­ ed to his room in Alvin's home, and twenty minutes later, at 6:15, he had a heart attack and went to be with his Lord whom he had loved and served since his conversion, March 19, I896 at the age of 19.- He was 83 years, 8 months, and 23 days old when he died. None of the Andrew Trygg family now lives in N. Dak. Edgar and Mary live at Castle Rock, Colorado; Alvin and Gen at Plymouth, Indiana, Elmer and Katherine at Hillsboro, Oregon. Time changes many thins, but it is our privilege to serve and know a God Who never changes. Submitted by: Elmer M. Trygg

-133- DAVID TRYGG

David and Marie Trygg moved to Trygg township in 1922, David had home­ steaded and taught school in the township prior to this. David was born in Bismarck, February 14, 1888 and married Marie Anderson who was born in Sweden, May 28, 1888. She came to the United States with her parents in 1906. They were married in 1914° David moved back to Trygg Township with his wife and two daughters, Ella and Eva in 1922. They had two more children; Ruth and David, Jr. David had one of the first steam engines used for threshing in the area, It' required several men to keep this type of threshing machine going. So, he hired ; men to go along with the rig from place to place. They were unable to go home j when a rainy spell set in to stop the threshing operation. So, they went home with David, until they could work again. Mrs. Trygg would tell about having to cook and wash for all these men for several days, with facilities of the times, making this a big chore. David tells the history of harvesting in a separate editorial. Mr. Trygg was also active in community affairs and politics, being instrumet- al in the organization of the Non-Partisan League. He also worked part time for the State Hail Dept. from 1924 until his death in 1961. Marie Trygg became an invalid at the age of 40, due to crippling arthritis. She was confined to a wheel chair for 30 years. She kept herself busy crochet­ ing, reading, listening to the radio and writing letters. She was a pleasant person to visit and an inspiration to many. She passed away , January 19, 1959°

Submitted by: Ruth Trygg Hein

KNUT THOMPSON homesteaded in SE|of section 12. He lived with his brother Andrew and farmed.there until they left here in 1934° They moved to Valley, Washington.

OTHER PIONEERS WHO LIVED IN TRYGG TOWNSHIP:

Axel T. Johnson Patrick Roberts G. W. Wolbert Sophia Johnson Mary Bohan Halvor Teglebak L. E. Lakin 0. Wo Edlund Anna Plowman M. A. Edberg 1. P. Sheldon Wm„ & Mary Brown Andrew Kruger Johannas Swanson Geo. Peiffer Fred Cox Emil Johnson Harry Smith Ed Lundquist To W„ Higgins Martin Tooker

-134- HISTORY OF THE EARLY SETTLER FINNS IN THE "WEST COUNTRY" COMPRISING PARTS OF TRYGG, LYMAN AND SIBLEY TOWNSHIPS IN BURLEIGH COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA, THE AREA BEING NORTH OF MCKENZIE, N. DAK. WHICH'WAS A RAILROAD TOWN AND IT SERVED FIRST A RURAL POST OFFICE AT SIBLEY BUTTE, THEN AT LYMAN UNTIL A RURAL CARRIER ROUTE WAS ESTABLISHED FROM THE TOWN TO SERVE PATRONS ON THE ROUTE, ABOUT THE YEAR 1913 WHEN PARCEL POST SERVICE WAS ESTABLISHED, AND IN 1912 THE WING, N. DAK. RAILROAD BEGAN SERVICE WITH POSTAL CARRIER SERVICE TO SETTLERS LIVING IN THE NORTH AND EAST PORTIONS OF THE WEST COUNTRY. THE LYMAN POST OFFICE WAS KNOWN AS "AETNA". This history is compiled mostly from memory by Otto H. Harju.

TRYGG TOWNSHIP William Harju and his daughter Wilhelmina (known as Miina) came in the spring of 1903, to file on homesteads of 160 acres (one quarter section) and opted in section 24, east half. The father filed on the south quarter. After a sod house was constructed with a neighbor on an adjoining quarter, William Harju left the neighbor and Miina to finish construction and other­ wise complete preparations, while he returned to Calumet, Michigan to dispose of his house there, and with his wife, Maria Serafiina, and three children: Rudolph, Waifred, and Arvid, again returned to McKenzie, North Dakota, to settle on'the homestead in the summer of 1903. William Harju had been widowed in Finland. Miina was his daughter. Maria Serafiina was the widow of John Solkela and Rudolph was her son. The widower and the widow were married in Calumet, Michigan in 1900, and from this marriage sons Walfred and Arvid were born in Calumet. The other children were bom on the homestead farm. They are: Otto, Emil, Lempi, Hemmi, Seth, Benjamin, Ralph and Melida. William Harju and his daughter Miina came to America from Pyha Jarvi, OulunlaanI, between the years I890 and I898. Serafiina was a daughter of Jacob Kallio, and had come to America about 1886, with her folks from Vaha, Kyro, Vaasanlaani.

Jacob Erkkila came with William Harju to file on a homestead in the spring of 1903, chosing the quarter section of land adjoining in section 24. Jacob Erkkila stayed to complete the sod house while William Harju went to Calumet to bring the two families to their respective homesteads in the summer of 1903. Mrs. 'Erkkila was a daughter of Abraham Hilden, and the Erkkilas had one son, Toivo. Then in 1904, a daughter was bom, named Hannah. These two were con­ sidered as the first children born on the prairie 0f Finnish parentage. Other children born to them were: Oscar, Annie, Martha, Paul, Mary, and Walter, but not necessarily in that order. Ida was Mrs. Erkkils's name.

Matt Brungi filed on the N.W. quarter of section 24, in 1904 or 1905° He was unmarried and lived in a frame house. The barn was partly a dug-out in the hillside.

John Autio with his wife and two children, Mary and William, lived in a sod house in section 24, being the N.E. quarter originally filed on by Miina Harju. They had settled on the land around 1906, after Miina had exchanged the filing of her homestead to another quarter north of Driscoll, N. Dak.

-135- JACOB NIEMI

Jacob Niemi, from Ely, Minnesota, came to McKenzie, North Dakota in the spring of 1903, on the same train with Harju, Erkkila and Henry Inget. Niemi filed for a homestead in section 22, on the S.E. quarter. Later his wife and two sons, Emil and William arrived. Daughter Ailie was born to the Niems on the homestead. They first lived in a sod house. (Ailie married Eetu Liuska, deceased, lives in Bismarck. Emil-deceased. William married Emma Liuska and has retired to Wing, N„Dak, They have 3 sons. William had farmed on the homestead from 1903 to 1964= Children of Emil and Emma Niemi: Harley—married Marjorie Nieters, 4 children, live in Texas Harold—married an English girl, 2 daughters, at present in England. Harvey—married Jean Miller of Lehr, no children, he teaches in H.So in Great Falls, Montana.)

Herman Pentilla and wife, lived on the S.W, quarter of section 22, in a sod house, They had no children while living on the homestead.

Leopold Alpeteri and wife, Susanna lived on a homestead filed about 1904, in section 22, on the N.W. quarter. They first lived in a sod house. Their children were: Arvid, Lydia, Eric, Saima, Otto, Mayme, Ailie, Sylvia Ellen and Paul, but not necessarily in that order.

Henry Inget came with Jacob Niemi from Ely, Minnesota, to file on the S.E. quarter of section 14° His wife Mary, joined him later, and three children, namely:Venla, Walter and Vaino (Wayne) were born on the homestead. The homestead was filed in the spring of 1903, and they first lived in a sod house. (The Ingets farmed here until 1936, when they moved to Oregon. The Ingets had the steam sauna bath, which was the Saturday night affair. Mrs. Inget passed away, 1945° Mr. Inget passed away, 1969. By Sylvia Eckholm Olson )

Victor MakL and wife, Hilja, with three daughters, Stella, Mabel and Linda lived on a homestead quarter, NW of section 14. Their first house was of sod. They filed late in 1903 or nearly 1904° Mrs. Maki was Hilja Mattson. ( The Makis farmed here until their retirement. Victor passed away, September 4, 1952 and Mrs. Maki died September 1966.)

Mary Maki, a sister of Victor, filed on an adjoining quarter in sectionl4. She later married a man named Armstrong.

John Juhala from Brocket, N. Dak., and formerly from Yukon Territory, filed for a homestead in Sept. 1903, on the S.E. quarter of section 26. His wife, Hannah, with their children: Lillian and Harold, joined him after he had built a frame house. Children later born to them are: Edna, Einard, Arnold Raymond and Alfred. -136- ( John Juhala was born in Meriekanvia Waasa Laani, Finland on Sept. 3, 1869, He came to the United States with his parentsin 1877, settling at Ishpeming, Michigan. Harm.a Hango was born ,ay 25, 1877 in Finland. She emigrated to the United States and was married to John Juhala Nov. 3, 1894° For several years John worked in the Black Hills gold mines in South Dakota. Then he (I898) participated in the famous gold rush to Alaska, working in the.mines there until 1903° That year he came to North Dakota and settled on a honestead in Trygg township, 13 miles north of McKenzie. The Juhalas farmed there for 19 years, then moved toBrocket, N„ Dak., where they farmed for seven more years. They, then moved back to a farm south of Wing, where they farmed four years, moving then to Patterson Land Co. Ranch south of Wing, until they retired. They had 5 sons, Harold, Einard, Arnold, Raymond and Alfred and two daughters: Lillian and Edna. Harold was married to Eugenia Leino. She died in 1941, then he married Sigrid Josephson in 1942° He had one daughter from his first marriage and a son and a daughter from his second marriage. Sigrid died in 1956. Harold is a welder and boiler repairman by trade and lives in Bismarck, N„ Dak. Einard Juhala married Lenora Hedstrom. They have 3 sons and a daughter. Einard farmed until he retired in 1973° They built a new home two miles south of Wilton, N. Dak., where they reside now. Arnold married Helen Josephson and they have 2 boys and 2 girls. Arnold is a vice Pres. and part time mechanic for the INterstate Transportation Company. They live in Minot, N. Dale. Raymond married Edna Erickson and they have 2 daughters. Raymond and his wife are both teachers and they live in Williston, N„ Dak. Alfred married Lucille Josephson and hhey have 3 daughters and one son. He works for the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and they live in Bismarck. The Juhalas two daughters are both deceased. Lillian married to Fred Senzek and they had 3 sons, one is deceased. Edna died in the 1920s. Submitted by: Sylvia Eckholm Olson )

Gust Eckholm with wife settled in 1914 on the. quarter section of land in section 24, having come to Wing, N„ Dak. in 1913 from Wilton, N. Dak. They had a frame house. This N. E. Quarter of land was formerly occupied by the John Autio family.

( Gust Eckholm came from Finland around 1904, He worked for a short time at the lumber camp in Minnesota. He came to Wilton in 1905, where he worked in the lignite coal mines. In 1906,Mary Wanhala came to Wilton and they were married in Sept. 1906. In 1912 they moved to a farm west of Wing, where they stayed until they moved on their homestead in Trygg township in 1914. They spent the rest of their lives in Trygg Township. The first years when they lived on the homestead, Mr. Eckholm went back to work in the lignite mines in Wilton during the winter months to earn some money to buy groceries. The Bckholms had no other income. Mr. Eckholm passed away April 28, 1954 at the age of 79 years. Mrs. Eckholm passed away September 13, 1967 at the age of 82 years. CHILDREN: SYLVIA— married Edwin Olson and they reside on the original Ole Olson homestead in Trygg township. Here they farmed until they retired. Their son Delbert and his family, also, live on the farm and have charge now. -137- SULO — worked for the County while they lived in Wing. Moved to Bismarck and worked for the Butler Machinery Co., until his retire­ ment. 3 children SEVERI — lives in Rock Lake, N. Dak. arid worked for the Farmers Union Oil Co. and later managed it, until his retirement last year. 3 daughters EINO — died in 1969 TYNE — married Clifford Olson, live in Minot, N. Dak. He works for Sweeney Bros, and she works for Penneys. 3 children SIIRI — married Ed Sasges, live in St. Cloud, Minn. He works for Northern States Power Co. One Daughter HENRY — married to Verna Mertz. He is a mail carrier in Wing. 2 children: Barbara and Howard SELMA — married L. Downing, live in Fountain Valley, California. He is a retired Navy man. 3 children ANDREW — lives on the Eckholm home placetand farms. He married Mary Novy. 3 children: Daryl, Carolyn and Curtis (Selma and Andrew are twins) MAMIE — married Edward Eliasson, live in Bismarck. He is a mechanic and works at MBC transmission and she works at Bank of N. Dak. 1 son. VTENO — married Earl Crawford, live in Westmone, Illinois. He works for Consolidated Freight Ways. 2 children WALTER — married Marlene Merkel. Has been postmaster in Wing for many years and is on the City Board. 3 children: Dallas, Candice and Bryce. LYDIA — married to Ken Newcomer, live in Bismarck. He works at the State Capitol and Lydia teaches school, one son. Submitted by: Sylvia Eckholm Olson )

SIBLEY TOWNSHIP

Klemens Liuska, wife Miina (Harju) came from Port Arthur, Canada in about the year 1908, to homestead. Their daughter, Emma, was bom in Canada. Their first house was made of sod. Children born on the farm are: Emil, Elma, Andrew, Eli, Eetu, Eddie, Edwin and Ellen.

Peter Halonen homesteaded in the same section as Liuska, and lived first in a sod house, having come about the year 1908. His daughter, Miriam, came to visit and live with him for a while. Later his son William and family lived on the homestead farm in the teen years.

Abraham Hilden and wife lived in the same area and section as Liuska, and Halonen, having come there around 1906. Their daughters are: Laura—married to Smith in Michigan, Mayme-married to Park Woods and lived in Menoken, N. Dak. and the oldest daughter, Ida, who married Jacob Erkkila in Michigan and home­ steaded in Trygg township.

-I38- John Mattson (Also known as John Sippola) was married to Ida, a daughter of Lars Moilanen, who homesteaded about three miles north of McKenzie. The Mattsons settled on their homestead around 1908, in section 30, S.W. quarter. Mr. Mattson had lived in Colorado before coming to N. Dak. Their children were: Benjamin, Mary, William, Arthur, Martha, Edna, Elina, Elvira, Lila and Levi.

Jacob Mainio, a single man, filed on a homestead in section 30, about 1908, and lived in a frame house.

Jacob Kallio, and wife Maria, came from Calumet, Michigan to homestead on the S.W. quarter of section 18,in the year of 1904 or 1905° They lived, first in a sod house. Their grown-up children were: Serafiina, who married William Harju, Susanna, who married John Gylden, and Jacob, Jr. who came to the farm about 1910, from the Phillipines, having served in the U.S. Army.

Andrew Niva, a single man, from Ely, Minn, homesteaded on the N.W. quarter of section 18, either in 1903 or 1904°

John Inget and wife, Agnes, lived on the Niva farm in and around the year of 1916. He was the chief in charge of building the Apostolic Lutheran Church, south of Wing. Their daughter, Julia, was born at Gackle, N. Dak. John had previously been widowed and had a son from the former marriage.

Alex Eskeli, wife and children lived on a homestead quarter in section 18, in a stone house, having come either in 1903 or 1904o The eldest children are: Arvid, Arne, Axel, sons, and Alma and Aino, daughters, after which other children were born to them.

Jacob Luopa filed a homestead in section 20, about 1906 and lived in a frame house. He was single.

A Mr. Jauhola and family homesteaded in section 30, about 1906, and lived in a frame house.

Alex Hango lived in section 8, in a frame house, having come about th year 1904° Mr. Hango was a brother to Mrs. John Juhala, who lived in Trygg township. (The name could be spelled "Hanko" , too.)

John Hill and his mother lived in section 8, in a frame house,

-139- John Gylden, wife Susanna (nee Kallio) and children came from Calumet, Michigan, about 1910, and first lived with Jacob. Kallios in section 18, later on other farms in Lyman Township, finally locating the family in section 8, on the original Lyman farm. Names of their children are: Seth, Siiri, Silja, Severi, Sulo, Severt, Saida, Selina, Sally, and Sergi, but not necessarily in that order. Mrs. Gylden was a sister of Mrs. William Harju.

(The foregoing recollections are subject to corrections as to dates and names and lack information which I do not possess, altho, Harold Juhala, Mr. & Mrs. William Niemi and Mr. Edwin Olson verified some parts of this compilation. Mrs. Edwin Olson will supply info on her folk's family).

Respectfully submitted by the Undersigned Signed Otto H. Harju This 19th day of November 1975

P.S. to Lyman: John Maikkula, wife Mary, and children lived in section 30, on the original Jacob Mainio Quarter in the latter teen years. Mary was a daughter of Jacob Matson and they had come from Brocket, N. Dak.

P.S. to McKenzie Township: Lars Moilanen, wife and children lived 3 04 4 miles north of McKenzie, N. DAk. They had several children. Daughter Ida married John Mattson, who lived in Lyman. The Moilanens lived in a frame house, ********************** The above additions appended Dec. 2, 1975 Signed Otto H. Harju

******************* FARMING TRENDS By Richard Koski Wing High School Farming was tough in the early pioneer days, when most of the planting was done by horse and the wooden plow. In I837, plowing was revolutionized when a man name'd John Deere invented an iron plow that would scour easily in prairie soil. With this invention a man with a good team of horses, could plow up to two acres a day. Many variations of the plow came with the introduction of the sulky and gang riding plows with which a man could plow 3 to 5 acres a day respectively. Cutting the grain, which was done with a scythe and then a cradle, was re­ placed by the reaper. This invention later led to the binder, which had a slow reel and canvas conveyor, designed to handle grain gently to avoid threshing prematurely. A binder crew consisted of 4 horses, a man to run the binder, and a man or two to shock the bundles. Conbines had appeared in the 1800's, but pulling them required an immense lineup of power, which usually consisted of horses numbering between thirty and forty. Late in the 1800's, self-propelled steam engines came into their own. These steam engines drove threshers and other stationary machines, but were used on a limited scale .'for field work. The steam engine was effective in new sod, but was (Continued on Page 17l) —140— mm T@WIBHX

FINNISH HISTORY By Lydia Liuska

It is my privilege to get together all the names of the Finnish people in the Wing area. I've had help from Otto Harju, Jennie Pihlaja, Emil Lehto and others who have written about their families. I hope no one's name has been omitted, altho, I'm sure that will happen, but, it has not been intentional. The Finnish settlement at one time was large. In our own area, at one time, while still a young girl, I got pencil and paper and counted the Finns. I'm sure it was in the 30's and at that time many of the pioneer families hd already moved away. At that time I counted 325 people. Mixed marriages were not too common, at that time, so these were all pure Finns. Presently, in 1976, I can count 9 families that are all Finnish descent, others are a mixture of tru Americans. The Finnish area south of Wing, was divided and part of it was known as "West Country" and the other "East Country". Recollections bring to mind how the young people would gather every Sunday afternoon, during summer and play baseball. Most of the games were by Lyman No. 1, which is close to the Ted Thorson's farm. "East" would play "West". There were other baseball diamonds, too, in the area. Everyone pooled rides to the games. Winter time the "West" area had a lot of skiing. Christmas programs were a must at all schools and everyone went by horses and sled or whatever means they had* Sometimes a tern and sled with a wagon box on, would start from the furthest end and pick up young people along the way, until it was full. There were barns at the school,where the horses could be put up, if no barn then blankets were thrown on the team, until time to go home. After the program, lunch was served and singing games were played, until the wee hours of the morning. Ring games, like: Farmer in the Dell, Skip to My Lu. Later games where everyone changed partners all the time. This seemed to be the highlite of the Christmas season. Everyone went., to all the school programs. There were at least 5 or 6 in the area. The "BEST" time was had by all.

JACOB BANTTARI, SR. FAMILY Jacob Banttari left his family in Finland to come to America, so as to be established before his wife, Susanna and young son, Jacob, 9 years old and a daughter, Josephine came to join him. The Banttaris settled first, in Frederick, South Dakota, but later moved to Brocket, N. Dak.,to file on a homestead. While they lived in Brocket, Jacob, Sr. passed away at the age of 48 years. He is buried in Brocket, Susanna Banttari came to the Wing area with her son, Jacob, Jr. in 1908. Grandma Banttari, as she was later known, often stayed at homes and carded sheep wool and spun it into yarn with the spinning wheel, for others to knit into socks and mittens.

-141- CHILDREN: of Jacob and Susanna Banttari, The younger five were born in Brocket, JACOB ,Jr.— came to the United States at the age of nine with his parents. JOSEPHINE — (Fiina) married Albert Antilla, lived on a homestead claim in the Arena area, Harriet township. Born in Finland, deceased. 2 children. SELMA — died in infancy. LEMPI— married Einard Hannus. Einard passed away. They had twin girls, Phoebe and Fern, and a son William. Lempi lives in Bismarck. JENNIE — married Henry Pihlaja,deceased. They had no children, but raised several children as their own. Jennie lives on the old homestead. EMMA — deceased, married John Rikkola, alsa deceased. Another son died in infancy. Submitted by: Lempi BAnttari Boss

JACOB BANTTARI,JR.

Jacob Banttari, Jr. came to the Wing area in the spring of 1907° He came to file on a homestead with his mother and three sisters: Lempi, Jennie and Emma. The village of Wing was not yet established. A sod house was built where the Banttaris lived until a better house of wood was available. Jacob Banttari and Hilma Josephson, daughter of Abraham Josephson were married November,1909° They began their married life in their new house made of Wood, on this homestead whic is one and a half miles east of Wing. The first years were hard, as Mr. Banttari joined with his neighbors and relatives to go to McKenzie for their food, provisions, lumber and repairs, etc. with horses and a wagon. Mrs. Banttari mentioned many times the escitement of the railroad tracks being laid slowly but surely. These tracks were laid through part of their farm land. An additional blessing of this track laying, was to get the old used ties to supply heat in the old 'sauna', a Finnish steam bath, for the Saturday night baths. The Village of Wing began to become evident after the tracks were laid and the train came through. By this time the third generation of the Banttaris were arriving. Jacob BAnttari moved to Hibbing taking the younger children with him. The Banttaris had moved there to do some Dairying instead of the grain farming. Fred and Francis remained for several years on the old homestead. Jacob Banttari died May 3, 1959 in Hibbing. Mother Banttari died December 8, 1974° CHILDREN: All of the children were born in N. Dak. and all are living. FRED WILLIAM — married Jennie Pauna, now living in Deer Creek, Minnesota. Two daughters FRANCIS FLAMOUS — married Mary Krock, living in Hibbing, Minnesota No children LEMPY — married Emery Boss, living in Port Townsend, Washington 3 girls and 1 son FELIX SYLVESTER — married Rose Lustek, living in St. Paul, Minnesota 2 sons and 1 daughter EDWARD JACOB — married Helmi Buumala, living in Jamestown , North Dakota. 3 sons and 1 daughter HENRY ALBERT — living in Oakland, CAlifornia. Wife deceased,no children OSCAR RAYMOND — married Ruth Ennes, living in Albany, California, 1 son MARTHA ELIZABETH — married Arnold Salmela, living in Duluth, Minnesota 2 daughter and 3 sons -142- LINDA MARIE — married William Eberhardt, living in Halbrook, New York 3 daughter and 1 son SIGRID SUSANNA — married Gil LeTourneau, living in Ely, Minnesota 1 boy and 1 girl INA ETHEL — married Thomas Backman, living in Two Harbors, Minnesota 2 boys and 1 girl REINO RUDOLPH — married Adeline Elhard, living in St. Paul, Minnesota 1 girl and 4 boys ERNEST EINO — married Marlene Salmela, living in St. Paul, no children SYLVIA ESTHER — married Elmer Johnsok, living in Virginia, Minnesota 2 boys and 1 girl WAYNE WALTER — married to Joyce Johnson, living in Aurora, Minnesota 2 boys and 1 girl Submitted by: Lempi Banttari Boss

John Beckman and wife, Mary had a homestead south of Wing. The children went to the country school. Some of the names were: Eino , Helmi and Carl.

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Braks were also residents of Wing Township. Their children were:; Uuno, Aune, Urho, ALna, Frans and Alma, who had been baptized in 1913°

Jack Carlson, a single man, lived in Wing Township,

William Eskeli and Fred Eskeli, both brothers of Mrs. Walter Pesonen, spent many years in the area. They were both single.

EMIL AND MATHILDA ERICKSON (1906) Emil and Mathilda Erickson homesteaded in Burleigh County (postoffice, Aetna) in 1906. Emil Erickson had come from Utajarvi, Finland to the Fullerton, North Dakota area. Mathilda Lummi, born in Kemi, Finland came to the United States in 1903, to her sister's home in Erie, Pennsylvania. Later she came to be with her sister, Ida Anderson, in Fullerton. There Emil and Mathilda met, and after their marriage, they joined other Finnish homesteaders in Burleigh County. For several years they returned with a grain wagon and two teams to the Fullerton area for the harvest and threshing season. Emil asquired their first milk cow with his prowess with a rifle; bounty money from coyotes and gophers. The faith of these brave pioneers was tried many times; Indian tribes stopping at their flowing spring, the rough but compassionate railroad workers blasting rock to build the branch line to Wilton, the raging prairie fires that were set by the steam engines, the uncertainty of farming the rocky fields. The love and camaraderie of other families of the same nationality and religious background, sustained them.

-143- Ernest Eric, the first born son, died at the age of about eighteen months, ] and another son, Arnold died just before his tenth birthday - both tragic losses resulting from the remoteness of the pioneers from any medical help. Emil and Mathilda lived on their homestead until the disastrous storm on March 15, 1941, when Emil lost his life only a few hundred yards from home. Mathilda went to live with her daughters. She died in April, 1959, at the home of her eldest daughter, Elmie, in Great Falls, Montana. Elmie and her husband still live there. They have six children, three sons and three daughters. Bertha married Melvin Magnus and moved to Seattle, Washington. They adopted three children after serving as foster parents for many years. Bertha passed away in September 1974° Edna married Raymond Juhala, a teacher, and they have continued in the field of education, Edna and Ray live in Williston, North Dakota, and their two daughters live in Fresno, California, Submitted by: Edna Erickson Juhala

LEO ANDREW ELKI Leo Andrew Elki was born April 9, I878 and Maria Nurmesniemi was born April 10, I875. They were married April 25, 1898. When they immigrated to the United States in 1900, they had one child, Lempi Mari, age 1 year. They first settled in Calumet. Michigam and Mr. Elki worked in the copper mines there until 1907° He had to retire from this work for health reasons. From there they moved to Wilton, North Dakota, where he worked in the coal mines for two years. His eye was injured and he had to leave the mines. Leo Elki and Lempi, age 9, walked about 25 miles to Burleigh County and settled close to Arena, North Dakota into a little sod house. Later the neighbors drove to Wilton with two teams and wagons to pick up the rest of the family, which consisted at that time of five more daughters; Hilda ..Ellen, Hilja Emelia, Hannah Elizia (Lizzie), Helmi Elvira and Hulda Esther. They took with them a few meager possessions. They lived in the sod house until a railroad company put a railroad through their land and they were forced to move a little further away. Here they built a small house from lumber. Four more children: Hazel Evelina, Hilma Edith, Leo Andrew and Helen Dristina (Tina) were born on this homestead. The family farmed until drought and poor crops forced them to leave. They moved to Wolf Lake, Minnesota and later to Brandon, Minnesota, where they also farmed for a few years. One daughter, Jilja, passed away in 1925, age 23. Our mother, Maria passed away in April 5, 1944, age 68, Father Leo passed away, April 10, 1954, age 76. Leo passed away in Nebraska, age 44° Hilda, age 70 and Lizzie, age 56 have also passed away. Six daughters are living; Lempi of Minneapolis, Helmi at Aitkin, Hulda and Hilma at Kensington, Hazel of "Lowry, and Tina in Alexandria. All Minnesota residents. Submitted by: Lydia Lehto Liuska

Einard Hannus came into the area and married Lempi Banttari. They had twin girls: Fern and Phoebe and a son, William. Later moved to Bismarck.

-144- JOHN HIETANEN John Hietanen and wife, Riika, homesteaded in 1906. They had Children: Elmer. Eli amd Waino. They had a sod house to begin with, and later built a house and granaary. Their bam and chicken coop were built into the hillside, and a wooSen roof built over. The hietanens moved to Minnesota, later.

John Hill and wife, Katie, homesteaded south and east of Wing. They had children: Edward, Helmi, Heino and Ida. They later moved to Minnesota.

John Johnson and wife, Hilma homesteaded in the Wing Area. Their children were: Elizabeth, Waino, Charlie, Hilda, Eino, and Evert and Lydia. Usually toward fall the men would go to earn money, to earlier settled areas. They oftem went with horses and hayracks for threshing. Mr. Johnson did, too. While he was gone, Mrs. Johnson became seriously ill, died and was buried before he came home. There was no way of communications. He died a year later, on the same day his wife died. The children were later taken by different families, the oldest was 14 at the time.

ABRAHAM JOSEPHSON Abraham (Abram) Josephson was born in Finland, on November 15, 1849. He came to the United States in 1862, settling at Hancock, Michigan, where on August 15, 1878, he married Anna Kerenen. Thereafter, they came to Dakota Territory (now Dickey County, North Dakota and Brown County, South Dakota). In 1906, they came to Burleigh County and homesteaded south of Wing. Abram Josephson died in 1915 and I believe, Anna Josephson died in 1920. Their children: William, Charles, Elmer, Fred, David, Henry, Ada (Mrs. William McCloskey), Mary (Mrs. Hans Niles) , Hilma (Mrs. Jacob Banttari) , Hilda (Mrs. Nels Niemi), Tena (Mrs. Henry McCloskey, and Beth (Mrs. John Dalla), - Their children all settled in the Wing area,.raised large families, and were also some of the pioneer farmers. They well remember steam engines, big threshing crews and breaking sod for new land. Later in life most of them settled in different areas of the United States.

ALBERT JOSEPHSON and wife lived two miles south of Wing. They had at least six xhildren: Agnes, Edwin, Arthur, Ellen, Mayda, Eino and mabe younger ones. Mrs. Josephson was ill for years and years. They moved to Annandale, Minnesota.

CHARLES JOSEPHSON Charles Josephson was born March 5, 1881 in Michigan. Vendla Hemmi was bom May 10, I883 in Kingston, Minnesota. Charles and Vendla Hemmi were married in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1910. They farmed three miles south of Wing, from 1912 to 1947° They moved to Minnesota in 1947, then moved to Bismarck in 1950. Charles died August, 1950 in Bismarck and Vendla died May 15, 1971, in Bismarck. CHILDREN: HILMA — Mrs. Waif red Harju, died June, 1949 EARL — Bismarck -145- HELEN — Mrs. Arnold Juhala, Minot RAYMOND— Bismarck WILLIAM — Peoria, Illinois MILDRED — Rova, Jamestown, North Dakota ARNOLD — Salem, Oregon NINA — Mrse Ted Voigt, Jamestown, N. Dak„ DONALD — Billings, Montana

DAVE JOSEPHSON Dave (David) josephson was born near Ellendale, North Dakota in 1893. In 1905, along with his family, he came to what is now the Wing area. At this time the post office was located in Lyman township, and everyone went to McKenzie for supplies and to sell their produce. The transportation was horses and wagon etc. Dave farmed in the Wing area along with his brothers and later on his own. In 1917, he married Siiri Gylden and they had two childrenL Clifford, born 1920 and Russell bom 1936. Clifford had three children and died in 1954o Russell has two children and is now living in Bismarck. Dave recalls much of the Wing area, as it was before the railroad, and when the country was being homesteadedo Although too young himself, to home­ stead, his father and some brothers did. He helped his brothers to break up some of the farm land around Wing. Dave was an early member of the Lutheran Church, south of Wing, and served on the Wing township board for many years. Mrs0 Josephson was township clerk for years. At that time when the board met from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., according to rules, it meant that the clerk usually ended up fixing forenoon coffee, dinner and afternoon coffee to the board. Clerk compensation then was $2.00 per day.

ELMER JOSEPHSON Elmer Josephson was born in 1883 in Hancock, Michigan. He came to N. Dak„ with his parents and homesteaded in 1907-the present farm of Walter Wirta„ Olivia, his wife, was born in Cokato, Minnesota in 1880. The couple were married in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Elmer Josephson served on the very early school board of Wing (Linden) School District, was the first peace officer of Wing and served on township boards. Mrs. Josephson served as township clerk and treasurer, for many years. They moved to Lein township in 1925, Their home was the first home in the area to have electric lights. Mr. Josephson assembled his own power plant. His home was the first to have a radio and neighbors came from miles away to hear the radio or listen to a special program on the air. Later the Josephsons moved to Oakland, California. They had 8 Children: Ethel, Florence, Edna, Ervin, Harold, Leslie, Evelyn and Norval.

FRED JOSEPHSON Fred Josephson and wife, Alma ( daughter of Jacob Mattson) have lived in] both Lein and Wing twosnhips. Most of their married life in wing township before they moved to Seattle in 1949. They had 6 children: Henry, Lynn, Ruth, Martha, Charles and Roy.

-146- Fred certainly knew the pioneering days of farming, of which he was a part, as he used to farm large acres. He also, was very active in Community life. He served on the township board for years and was a member of the School board. He was on the Church Council and he was also one of the first board mem­ bers of Capital Electric Cooperative, which serves us electricity. It was thru efforts like his, that we got electricity. Mrs. Josephson was also active in Ladies Aid and Church.

HENRY, JOSEPHSON

Henry Arvid Josephson was born in Dickey County, North Dakota on Jan. 4, 1896. He came to Wing Township with his parents in 1905° On June 27, 1917, he married Esther Lydia Lampsa of New York Mills, Minnesota. They lived in the Wing vicinity until 1942, when they moved to Bismarck. Mrs. Josephson died in 1954 and Mr. Josephson in 1969. Their Children are: GERDA —Mrs, Ralph Harju, Bismarck, 2 children DOROTHEA —Mrs. Martin Pesonen, Bismarck ,2 children LUCILLE — Mrs. Alfred Juhala, Bismarck, 4 children ELDORA — Mrs. J. A. Ryberg, Hurdsfield, 5 children MARVIN — of Bakersfield, California, 2 children OWEN — Phoenix, Arizona, 3 children DENNIS — San Diego, CAlifornia, 3 children SHARON — Mrs. Eugene Miller, Bismarck, 2 children. Mrs. Josephson taught her children manysongs. Many of these songs were some she knew as a girl, so they were different. Mr. Josephson was an able machinist and often operated, machines that needed skill.

WILLIAM JOSEPHSON William Josephson and wife, Milja, homesteaded right west of Wing, in about 1907« They farmed there for many years before retiring and moving to Bismarck. Their children were: Sigrid, Arvo, Sadie, Ray and Sylvia. The josephsons were very active in Church and community affairs. Mr. Josephson served on elevator board and township boards and school boards. Mrs. Josephson's mother , Sop-his Kulmala lived with them for many years. She often helped the neighbors whenever needed.

Another William Josephson (Nepo Wili) a cousin of the Josephsons and his wife also lived in the Wing area, for a short time. They moved to Annandale, Minnesota,

Matt Jylli, Peter Karila, Matt Setala and Henry Kuosmanen were among the single fellows that worked for area farmers and are all buried in the Ahola Cemetery.

-147- Andrew Keliin and. wife, Hilma (Moilanen) lived south of Wing. They had two children: Toni and Lillian, One of them played the accordian, they came from Michigan and later moved back to Michigan, going by hayrack and horses. Must have been a long ride!

John Kurki and wife, Johanna, came to the area from Michigan. They lived a mile south of Wing, Their children were: Hilda, Lizzie, Henry and. William,

KUSTAA LEHTO

Kustaa Lehto and his wife, Alexandra, (Sandra) came from Ludden, in Dickey County, to their homestead, in 1907, It was one of the last pieces of land available, as other homesteaders were here first. They had come from Finland to Ludden, where they lived two years before moving here. Mr. Lehto served as a lay preache*". at times. He always had a beard and one time he had it trimmed off in town. When he came home, his children didn't recognize him. Mrs. Lehto is well remember for her skill with the spinning wheel and. other crafts, which she had learned from Finnish ancesters. She died of an apparent heart attack while shopping in Eismarck with her daughter. Mr. Lehto had preceded her in death. CHILDREN: HELMI — married to Kalle Wirta June 1918. Four children: Lempi—Mrs. Martin Jarvis, in Minneapolis, 1 child Wilma—Mrs. Ernest Palin, at Two Harbors, Minn.. 3 children Wilma passed away may, 1959° Walter—at home Oscag—a chief engineer on the boats on the Great Lakes. EMIL — married Vieno Koski, sept. 1931° Son Kenneth passed away in 1942. Marilyn—Mrs. Theodore Ryberg, Arena, N. Dak,,on a farm. 2 sons Ellen—Mrs. Jerry Liddle, Brainerd, Minn. Ellen is a nurse and. Jerry a Horticulturist. They have 2 sons. LYDIA — Mrs. Andrew Liuska, on a farm at Wing. 4 children: David—married Diane Morton, have cne child. David farms with his Dad and Diane teaches. They live in Wing. Reino—works as a cook on the Alaska pipeline, at Valdez, Alaska. Mary—works for the Washington State Ferry, Seattle, Washington. Helen—a sophomore at NDSU, Fargo', taking up Home Economics Sandra—passed away at the age of four months in 1955°

Peter Linna owned land south of Wing and lived there for a while.

Victor Pohjala, a single fellow, homesteaded south of Wing. He came in 1907° He was a brother of Mrs. Kustaa Lehto. He was an able carpenter and painter. He did a lot of work in the area.

-148- John Pesonen and wife, Greds, homesteaded in the Wing area, they came from Dickey County in 1906. Their children were: Oscar, Walter and Annie, They originally moved to Dickey County, from Hancock, Michigan. The couple was much admired by all people for their hospitality.

WALTER PESONEN

Walter and Lydia Pesonen lived on his fathers old farm, south of Wing for some time, or until he bought the adjoining farm. Walter's parents were among the first pioneers in the Wing area. The children are: MARTIN — married Dorothea Josephson. Senzek. They live in Bismarck. Mrs. Pesonen teaches school and Martin works as foreman at Melroe Equipment Co. WILLIAM — married and living in Eugene, Oregon, teaching. 3 children MARGARET — married to Lauri Pihlaja, living in Kalispell, Montana Margaret is teaching and Lauri is retired. They have 3 children.

OLLI ROTKONEN Olli Rotkonen came to Wing, North Dakota in the spring of 1912, from Red Lodge, Montana. He worked for farmers in the area. His wife, Elisabeth, son William, daughters Lillie and Lyyli, came to join him in August. They settled with him on an 80 acre homestead in Wing township. Later, son Matt, came to the Wing Community. The 80 acre farm was later sold to son William, and the parents moved to a farm they purchased in Lein township. Some years later the. parents moved to Lyman Townsld/py v.diere Mrs. Rotkonen passed away on October 13, 1933« Her husband passed away on August 13, 1940. Mr. Rotkonen worked in mines at Michigan, Wyoming and Montana, before coming to Wing.

Nestar Rutanen and wife, Eva, also,lived west of Wing and close to the railroad tracks. They had three children: Onni, Lenin .and Laura. They, later, moved to Michigan.

Arvid Ross and wife, Elizabeth (Boss) came from Dickey County to his farm. They had 3 sets of twins, which is unusual. The children were: Arvid, Lillian and Katherine (twins), Edwin, Mayme,. Leonard and Martha(twins() Raymond, Edna and Rudolph. The ross family later moved to_ Braddock, North Dakota.

Eino Waara and wife, Sophie lived close to the Albert Josephson farm, with their family. They latar lived in Dearborn, Michigan.

-149- WAINO WAINIO

Waino Wainio and wife, Selma, came from Massachusetts. They had orig­ inally come from Finland. They lived on the hill which farm is now occupied by John Meyer. They later moved to the West Coast. Mr. Wainio has passed away. Mrs. Wainio lives with her daughter out West. Children: OLAF — married Mabel Maki, have two ..girls, Olaf has passed away. SIGRID —• Mrs. LeRoy Galbraith, Tacoma, Washington, one daughter HENRY — married Olga Mertz, living in Wing. Henry hs been school custodian for many years. They have one daughter, Peggy-married and"1 living in Bismarck.

Kalle Wirta came from Finland into Canada and later to Wing. He and Helmi Lehto were married in June 1919° They farmed in the Wing area. "Ehey were 10 years in Minnesota and returned to Wing. Kalle has passed away.

William McCloskey, son of William and Imelda Walsh McCloskey was born April 8, 1884, in Emmetsburg, Iowa. He homesteaded south of Wing in 1906. Ada Josephson, daughter of Abram and Anna Derenen Josephson, was born October 1, 1887 in Dakota Territory, and in 1906 came to Burleigh County, North Dakota with her parents. Bill and Ada were married in 1910, and lived in the Wing vicinity until about 1920, when they moved to McKenzie, N. Dak. Their children: Mary, Sy, Imelda, Ellen, Ruth (five oldest children were born while the family lived in the Wing vicinity), Roy, Charles, Thomas and Leo. About , 1942, Bill and Ada moved .to Seattle, Washington, where Bill died in 1970 and Mother in 1973° The son Charles was killed in a car accident in Chehalis, Washington in 1942, and Sy (Sylvester) died in 1973°

The foregoing accounts were of the Finnish people and are submitted by : Lydia Lehto Liuska, except for the ones that have been credited to Otto H. Harju. The following names have been presented by Lydia , tho,they are not of the Finnish settlers: ______

RAYMOND TOLIVER married Edna Scott. Their children: Richard, Hazel, William, Ruth, Paul and Willard. They farmed in Wing Township many years.

ALVIN WHEELER and wife had a homestead (Walter Wirta has the land) and farmed for some time before moving to Bismarck. Children: Arthur, Glenn, Ethel, Clarence, RAlph, Valda, and Vera. Maybe, younger boys, too.

Fred Wherley family lived in the east part of the township.

Others: J. Ashlock Harry Pollock Mauritz Pollack Gramling Strobeck

-150- HISTORY OF THE BARDSLEY FAMILY The original family, William and Betty Bardsley (grandfather of Gilbert Alfred (Alf), and three children came Ashton Underline, Lancashire, England. They came to America in 1846, landing at New Orleans, after three months on a sailing vessel. They went by steam boat to Prairie de Chien, Wisconsin to a log house with no windows and doors and nothing between the logs. Three more children were born in Wisconsin, including Alf's father, Thomas. Alf was born in Springfield, Wisconsin, April 20, 1893- His parents moved to Dakota Territory in 1879, settling south of Fairmount, North Dakota. There Thomas became North Dakota's first rural mail carrier. It was established in 1902 and operated out of the Fairmount post office in Richland County. Thomas was fifty years old when he became interested in the rural free delivery service. Enlisting the aid of the Minneapolis Tribune, he was able,,to get government approval for the project and his appointment as the first carrier. The Tribune furnished mail boxes to the first patrons. It was good business for the newspaper, for with the daily mail service, farmers were potential subscribers. The first route was 25 miles long. Much of the trip was over rough country trails. Bardsley used two teams for the trip, one being stationed midway on the route to replace the starting pair. Later, as roads improved, Bardsley switched to the Model-T Ford, and before his retirement in 1920 wore out three cars. In Fairmount, on September 18, I898, Alf married Minnie Eliason of Battle Lake, Minnesota. Three children were born there- Ellen Ruth, Leila Irene, and ArchieBald Kermit. They moved to a farm near White Rock, South Dakota in 1905, where three more children were born - Gordon Walrath, Floyd Thomas and Edna Catherine. In March, 1913, they moved to a farm three miles west of Wing, Burleigh County. In the fall of 1922, they gave up farming and moved to Bismarck, N. Dak., where Alf worked for the State* Later he was a collector with the Bismarck Tribune for 15 years. He passed away on June 20, 1950 and Minnie passed away on August 6, I96I. There were 12 grandchildren and 26 great grandchildren. Surviving children, today , of Alf and Minnie are: Mrs, K. W. (Leila) Morris of Bismarck and Floyd Bardsley of Olympia, Washington,

Submitted by: Leila Bardsley Morris

CLARENCE KETTLESON Clarence Kettle, the son of Conrad and Beregina Kettleson was bom in 1897, The family was originally from Jackson, Minnesota. They settled in Rock Hill township and later moved to 4 miles west of Wing, N. Dak, Clarence and Hazel Nordberg were married in Bismarck and settled on the Bardsley farm in about 1922. Clarence served his country in World War I. He served on the Farmers Union Oil board and school and township boards. He was a member of the American Legion. His occupation was farming. Clarence and Hazel moved to Bismarck in 1953. Clarence is deceased, and Hazel lives in Bismarck.

-151- CHILDREN: CREIGHTON — married Mary Patton, live in Bismarck BETTY LOU — married Armin Heidt, live in Wing MARLYS — married Lindy Lein, live In Wing.

ANTON AND ANNA HANSON

Anton Hanson was born Dec. 2, I848, in Norway. He came to the United States in I867. Anna Helen Bergan was born July 26, I848 at Larvik, Norway and emigrated to this country in 1868. Though she came a year later than Anton, she traveled in a sailing vessel that took seven weeks for the trip, while Anton's voyage by steamship took just a few days. The two young people met for the first time in Menominee, Wisconsin, where they had come to join other Norwegian emigrants. Anna attended a school in midwifery after arriving in Wisconsin, and along with her diploma, she re­ ceived a license to give chloroform. This was considered proof of her standing in her profession, as usually only a doctor could administer any kind of anesthetic. For the rest of her life, whereever she lived, she was always on call for baby cases. Anton and Anna were married Oct. 10, 1873, and lived near Ellsworth, Wisconsin. About five years later they decided to come to the Red River VAlley. By that time they had three children — Hilda, three years old and named for a little sister who had died; Hannah, who was two; and John, a small baby. They traveled by ox team and covered wagon, sleeping in the wagon at night. Years later, Hilda remembered that the oxen were named Buck and Bright, and she recalled that her father bought milk from the farmers along the way. They lived for a time on the Minnesota side of the Red River, but settled, finally, in Dakota Territory, in what is now Richland County, near where the town of Galchutt was established, in the Abercrombie area. Here five more children were born — Adolph (who died as a baby) , Olaf, Alma, Anna and Clarence. Anton and Anna reared their family and farmed in the Valley until 1907, when, for the third time, they became pioneers. Their oldest daughter, Hilda, had married Ole Wold in 1899° In the spring of 1903, the Wolds came to Burleigh County and homesteaded in what is now Canfield Township. When Mrs. Wold died in 1967, she was the last of the ori­ ginal homesteaders in the townshop. Olaf Hanson, also, came to Burleigh County, homesteading in what is now Summit Township, near his sister and brother-in-law. In 1907, Anton and Anna followed their children to Burleigh County, and took a homestead on the N-|- of N-g- of Section in Wing Township. Their son, John, also homesteaded in the same township. Younger children coming with the Hansons were Anna and Clarence. Hannah had married John Olson and moved to Minnesota, while Alma married Joe Charlton and went to Montana to live, Anna later married Ed Erlandson. They lived at Regan for a time, where Ed operated a blacksmith shop and garage, until moving to Wisconsin where they remained. Anton and Anna were nearly 60 years old when they began homesteading near Wing. Though Anna was a very small woman and had been blind in one eye since childhood, as a result of measles, she never refused to go on an obstetrics case. She traveled many miles by team and buggy, or bobsled, and delivered dozens of babies. Her grandchildren remember staying with their grandparents and waking many mornings to find their grandmother gone to answer a call that had come during the night. Her brown satchel was always packed in readiness. Anna died on the homestead in 1919, in November. Anton then lived with his children until his death in 1927, They are buried in the Wing cemetery. Submitted by: Thelma Hanson Lein -152- CLARENCE HANSON Clarence Hanson was the youngest child of Anton and Anna Hanson, Born in Richland County, he came to the Wing area with his parents in 1907. He worked as a drayman at Wing, and also did housemoving. He married Eva Tice, and they had one child, Willard. They farmed just east of Wing for a time. They later moved to Bismarck, Clarence lived in Bismarck until shortly before his death in 1969.

JOHN HANSON

John Hanson was bom in Ellsworth, Wisconsin in I878, the son of Anton and Anna Hanson, When he was about a year old, his parents moved to Dakota Territory in the Abercrombie area. He worked for several years for Dr. Fjelde at Abercrombie, caring for his horses and driving the horses for the doctor when he was summoned to care for the sick in their home. It was necessary for John to assist the doctor in do­ ing surgery and with childbirth, as nurses were not available at that time. In 1907 he came to Burleigh County and homesteaded on the SErJ- of section 20 in Wing Township. In 1912 he married Effie Kimbrell. Effie died April 15, 1923 from pneu­ monia and childbirth, leaving six children: Anton, Helen, Agnes, Thelma, Paul and Andrew Lee. Andrew Lee lived for about two weeks after his mother's death. John kept the older children with him on the farm. Thelma lived with the Andrew Strand family and Paul lived with the Ole Wold family in Canfield Township until they were old enough to start school, at which time, they returned home. Anton died in 1927. John served on the township and school boards for many years during the time he lived on his homestead. John was handicapped by a crippled leg as a result of a bone disease when he was young and it became more and more difficult to continue farming. Deter­ mined to keep his family together, John moved to Regan in 1927 where he operated a cream station and shoe repair shop for over twenty years — this in spite of the fact that he was forced to use crutches to get around. Paul was drowned in 1939 while working in a CCC camp at Sidney, Montana. John died April 15, 1957, exactly 34 years to the day after his wife's death. John and Effie are buried in the Wing Cemetery, as are their three sons, Anton, Paul and Andrew Lee, Living children are Mrs. William (Helen) Fox and Mrs. Ben (Thelma) Lein, both of Bismarck, and Mrs. Einar (Agnes) Rusth, Klamath Falls, Oregon.

OLAF HANSON Olaf Hanson was born in Richland County, Dakota Territory, the son of Anton and Anna Hanson, He came to Burleigh County about 1905, and homesteaded on the Sg- of S-§- of Section 32 in what is now Summit Township, When the town of Wing was established he moved there and operated a cream station for a time. He later went to work for the railroad. He married Mrs. Cora Kimbrell, and they moved to Minnesota when he was transferred there by the railroad. They had no Children.

The Hanson Family History Submitted by: Thelma Hanson Lein

-153 BEN McCLOSKEY HISTORY Submitted by Alice McCloskey Miller. Main portions of this were read at their Golden Wedding Anniversary - June I965.

Way back about 1906 an Irish lad from Minnesota, Ben McCloskey heeded the call "Go west, young man". To Wing, N. Dak. came this young gent to stake out a homestead. Maybe, it was all right for the deer and the antelope to play on but turning the sod was another thing. Many a day was spent loading the old stone boat with rocks. Numerous rock piles still stand on those 160 acres as a monument to the cause. To supplement his income, he often helped out at a nearby ranch operated by Arne Madland. There was never a dull moment in this big Norwegian family. It soon became apparent Ben had eyes from Mabel, # 2 daughter, the blue-eyed gabby one. Courting wasn't easy in those days. Everytime he'd take her for a buggy ride, there'd be four or five younger Madlands along. Maybe, there was safety in numbers. Ben kept improving the homestead and Mabel had moved back McKenzie way with her family. She never went to high school, but passed the teachers exams. She taught two terms, one in Emmons County and one in Rock Hill - saving and filling her hope chest. In June 1915, the date was about to be set. Mabel chose the week and Ben was to set the date. June 22 it was to be. For about five years he'd given her a birthday gift on June 23rd„ Stubborn Norwegian thfet she was (and is), she held her tongue but wished it would be a day later. The day after the big affair, Grandma and Grandpa McCloskey honored the couple with a dinner and home­ coming. During the course of the evening Grandpa took the new bride aside and said he and Mother wished they'd waited a day and been married on the 23rd as that was his birthday and their wedding anniversary. Poor Ben - for 50 years he's been reminded of his goof. Or was it his alone? That winter of 1916-17 was a doozy. Mabel went by train to Wilton to await the big event. Lucky she went early because soon the bid cut filled in and no trains went through for about six weeks. Ben went by sled to see their first born, Alice, born March 20. They were all prepared for # 2 child to be born in January, 1920= Mabel tried to present Bernard Francis (Bud) to Ben on his Jan. 11, birthday, but the slowpoke waited until Jan, 12 to be born. When Alice was little, they wanted her to walk early, and she did. She turned out to be sO-0-0 bowlegged. So, when it came time for Bud to walk, they didn't rush him. Everytime he stood up, they'd sit him down. Eventually, he walked, and he, too, was very bowlegged. After that they let nature take its course. In I923 they decided to leave the farm and move into Wing, where Ben oper­ ated the Farmers Elevator. In November 1925, they welcomed # 3, Margaret Elizabeth. Even as a baby she had night and day mixed up. Mabel usually walked the floor with her on the first shift, and then Ben would take his turn. He would loop the lariat rope on the buggy handle and give it a mighty shove, then reel it back, all the while singing, "bury me out on the Prairie" or "Casey Jones". She eventually became easier to live with and entered the gobbley gook stage. One day Bud was play­ ing with her and lmoked up at his mother all serious like, "Mom, what if she talks Finn or German when she grows up?" Mabel assured him he needn't worry, but why did he ask? " Well," he said, "When you get them at the hospital like that how can you be sure what you've picked out."

-154- For the 4th of July, 1928 the family decided to go to Bismarck for the big celebration. Bardsleys, the good farm ex-neighvors welcomed the clan. All in all quite a day, but life would never be the same for Ben and Mabel. The next day Marge couldn't walk - she still insists she got her polio on the ferris wheel. On a hot August night in 1930, 28th to be exact, Irene Mabel made her appear­ ance. Uncle Henrys lived next door to Bens. When Le Roy and Betty had arrived at their house, Joe, Charley and Helen had been sent over to Bens when Mrs, Weber came. The next morning, presto, a new baby. This august night the transfer was made of Ben's kids to Henrys and Mrs. Weber again. Marge and Helen were so happy to finally figure out where babies came from. Just have Mrs. Weber come visit, go over to the other house and stay and the magic was accomplished. Irene proved to be the best medicine any doctor could prescribe. She was a new type - sweet, lovable, and so innocent and serious. Her good friend Lois Glanville died the summer she was five. She was one lost little girl, so went to school that fall. Those were the uncomplicated school days when a birth cert­ ificate, physical, and reading readiness tests were unheard of. Today it is called progress, but sometimes I wonder. When life is at its lowest ebb, physically, financially, and mentally there is always something to cheer one up. On June 9, 1940 this blessing in disguise was born - christened William James - the only grandson named after the paternal grandfather. He was a sweet little boy who just grew. To this day he has some very unconventional eating habits. Guess his folks were tired of forcing vegetables down unwilling throats. Now that we have the family all on the way we'll do some skipping around to reminesce. Before the days of the modern veterinarian, Ben with his equipment loaded in the Model-T and later A, would make the rounds of the farms to help care for the animals. Not only horses teeth did he pull, a couple men had him relieve them of their aching fangs. Those cars were pampered - not the kids. Come the first bad weather, the battery was taken out, car drained, and blocks put under the wheels. If there was any going during the winter, it was by shank's mare. And there was the money tree in the front yard. It never yielded any money, but the poor thing was shaken so many times it up and died. In 1940, Ben went to Grand Forks to work in the State Mill and Elevator. Mabel and brood stayed behind for two years. She started a thriving dairy business in Wing. Nephew, Bob Madland stayed there while going to high school and helped. She could mix cement, took care of cows, pigs, chickens, and extra kids who stayed there going to High School, Yes, she could pitch it in - as well as pitch it out. She still had time for Homemakers Club, 4-H, PTA and Altar Society. In 1942 they decoded Grand Forks would be their permanent address. A sale was held at Wing, and lock, stock, and barrel they moved. Time has marched on for the McCloskeys since leaving Wing. Alice married John Miller from Saco, Montana, and lives in Sidney, Mont, where she is County Superintendent of Schools. Bud married Vivian Nieters from Wing, and they live in Bend, Oregon, where Bud works for the lumber mill there. Marge is married to Pete Jensen and lives on a farm near Salem, Oregon. Irene is Mrs, Robert Campbell and they reside in East Grand Forks, Minn. Billy married Jacqueline Logan of Grand Forks and they reside in Coon Rapids, Minn., where he works for the Burlington Northern. Ben passed away in 1970, and Mabel still lives in Grand Forks. They had 17 grandchildren and 7 great grandchildren.

A man they called "Bronko Bill" homesteaded on Se. 32 of Wing Township, He was here but a short time and reportedly committed suicide,

Clara Olson Wanttaja

-155- MADLAND HISTORY

Adne Fanuelson was born in Madland, Norway in I867, When he came to the United States (to get out of joining the Norwegian navy) he took the name Arne Madland. Elizabeth Larson was born in 1868 in Oksnevad, Norway. They both settled in Chicago. He was a carpenter and she "worked for rich people". They met at t the Johnsons, mutual friends from Norway. They were narried in the Johnson house on July 3, 1888. Ralph and Lula were born there, but Mabel was bom in Truman, Minnesota, Lawrence, Arnold (Bill), and Cora were also born, in Minnesota The urge to get that free homestead land led them to Sibley Butte township, Burleigh County, North Dakota. Grandpa, and his brother Ole (he later moved' on and spent his life in British Columbia)went by emigrant car. Grandma stayed in Minnesota awaiting # 7. Uncle Pete Anda came to visit and decided to go West to get some of that free land, too. Grandma sent Ralph and Lula along with him to N. Dak. In April, when baby Clara was 2 weeks old, Grandma too off, via train, with her five, all sick with the whooping cough. The poor baby just had had too much - died June 1st. They lived in a sod house Grandpa had built. Here Ruth, Harold (Fat), and Francis (Toots) were born. In October, 1909, they moved to Linden township (Wing) to run the Linden Ranch. It had been mainly a horse ranch up to now. there were still about 100 of them left - wild, some of them 8-10 years old and never halter broke. Mr. Boynton stocked the place with 1,000 sheep. This Linden ranch in later years was always known as the Boynton Ranch. 1910 was hot and dry, no rain all summer. Grandpa had 15 men during hay­ ing season. The railroad was put in that summer. Math Dahl, an eligible young Norwegian bachelor came from Hazelton with a couple friends, their teams, and scrapers to work on the railroad. They boarded at the ranch. (EFrandma had them, the haying crew plus her own big family to cook for - had to bake bread every day. Wash days were long and hard. Math and Lula were married at the Linden Ranch in January, 1911. They moved to Math's homestead near Hazelton. He was later to become a State Representative from Emmons County from 1931 to 1937° From 1939 to 1964 he was: North Dakota State Gommissioner of Agriculture. On July 4, 1911, Wing had grown enough to have a 4th of July celebration. Mabel had just had her 17th birthday - and really lived it up. She was in every race (won some) and started dancing in the bowery before dark and danced every dance until daybreak. The next morning she was tired - but by 10 A.M. she was in such pain she had to go to bed. Four days later they took her on a stretcher to Sterling to catch the train. She had to ride in the baggage car with the stinky cream cans. Grandpa accompanied her to Rochester. TB of the hip, was the diagnosis. Hospitalization, casts and 3 more trips were eventually made there before she was cured. Clofford, the last child, was born at the ranch, January 22, 1912. They left the ranch in August of that year and went back to the homestead. The sod house had deteriorated so much - they moved into the granary for the winter while they built the big house that still stands 12 miles north of McKenzie. In the Model-T days we were lucky to get to Grandpas place a couple times a year. Now their grandson, Harold McCormick lives a couple miles west of there and his children have been bussed to the Wing School. Fat and Mabel (see Ben McCloskey history) were the only two who lived a- round Wing. Fat was the cowboy of the family. He rode on many local rodeos and in surrounding states. He never made the big time as did his sons, Jim and Kenny - from New York's Madison Square Gardens to the National finals. In 1928 Fat married Nelly Anderson from McLeod. From 1933 to 1938 they lived north of Wing on Horseshoe Lake. He helped maintain Highway 14. Grandma died in 1941 and Grandpa in 1945° Lawrence, Fat, and Cora (Hamblen) live in Salem, Oregon. Ruth McCormick lives in Bismarck, and Cliff lives in

-156- Jamestown. Toots died in 1942, RAlph in 1968, and Lula and Bill passed away in 1973° Submitted by: Alice McCloskey Miller

McCLOSKEY HISTORY , The McCloskey history started in Ireland, but William and Imelda WAlsh were bom and married in Wisconsin. They moved to Iowa and their eldest, William, Jr. was born in Emmetsberg, in I884. The twins were born in Jessenland, Sibley County, Minnesota, Ben was born there on Jan. 11,1888. Mary and Leo were next. Henry was born on Jan, 8, 1893° Their last son, Sylvester was born in Belleplaine, Scott County, in 1900. Bill was the first to come to the Wing area in 1905, accompanied by a Mr. Wherley, a Minnesota neighbor. Bill filed on a homestead about a mile east of the Lehto School and built his shack. He went to Minn, that winter and collected material for an emigrant car. His dad gave him a team, harness, an old walking plow, some seed and feed. He had lumber sawed to bring to tree­ less North Dakota. Ben "snuck" along in the Soo line car arriving at Britton, South Dakota. Everything was hauled to Wing. They dug a well and survived. Ben had worked at the Linden Ranch for a Mr. Tucker for two years before Arne Madland took over the ranch in Oct. 1909. Now Ben was 21 and could file for a homestead, but all the land was taken up. North of the ranch someone had filed, but had not proven up on his claim. Ben contested his rights and won, so, now the land was his. It was in Linden (Wing) Township, Section 6, NEJ-. The elder McCloskeys, Henry and Sylvia came west in 1915. They lived with Ben until he and Mabel Madland were married and then moved to the Draper place on the west -J- section. Henry stayed, but the folks and Sylvie went to Minn, for the winter. The next summer they returned to Wing, but left that fall never to return to the "no trees, no lakes country". Bill married Ada Josephson in June 1910. Mary, Sulvester (Si), Imelda, Ellen, Ruth and Roy were all born while they lived at Wing. Farming wasn't proving successful so the family moved to McKenzie. Running the bulk Standard station was more profitable. Charles, Thomas, and Leo were born there. In the 1930's they moved to Sterling to work for the Farmers Union and to SEattle during the war. Bill passed away in 1970 and Ada in 1973° Mary is the only one left in Burleigh County. She retired the end of October, 1975 after work- in the State Capitol for 40 years. Henry and Tena Josephson were married in 1916 and went to live in Bozeman, Montana for a year. They came back to Bismarck and finally settling on the old Josephson place. Farming was rough in those years: machinery and cars were becoming more plentiful so they moved to Wing and Henry ran the Mobil truck for the Wing Merc. Their children are : Joseph, Charles, Helen, LeRoy, Betty, Jean, and Ethel. They are scattered from Asudi Arabia to California. Jean and Ethel were born after they moved to Warwick. These McCloskeys, too, deserted North Dakota during the war years and went to work in the Portland, Oregon ship yards. Tena passed away in December, 1970. Henry is still in Portland enjoying retirement. Submitted by: Alice McCloskey Miller

-157- mn

Arena had its beginning in about 1909° At that time it consisted of one store perched on top of a hill about three blocks southwest of the present site. Merchandise for this store was hauled from Driscoll by team and wagon by Ingvald Eide, Sr., until the railroad came through. Arriving at a name for this little town was rather unique. The post office at that time for this area was known as Harriet. This was located about one mile west of the little country store. Harry Mutchler was the postmaster. The store was the gathering place for all of the community affairs. At many of these community get-togethers the younger people would become involved in free-for- alls. These brawls led to the development of two gangs known as the Jacobsons and the Wagamans. With these two gangs one could expect the outbreak of a fight at the drop of a hat. One morning Harry Mutchler stepped out of his house. He looked in the direction of the store and said, "There's the arena" and arena it really was. Later as the town was moved to its present site and the Post Office was moved in, the name of Arena became official. Arena was plotted into blocks and lots, but was never incorporated. After the coming of the railroad, the town "boomed". Buildings were erected: two elevators, a pool hall, a livery stable, and a hotel. In time a school house was built and a bank and the Standard Oil Co. set up a bulk station. The '" church was built in 1916 and a meat market was established. An increase in population meant that a larger school be erected. So, that was built. Arena reached its peak in 1917, when in addition to"the buildings listed, it also had a barber shop, a blacksmith shop, lumberyard, hardware store cream stations and two grocery stores. Part of the town was destroyed by fire and other dwellings were moved out. At the present time, Mr. and Mrs. Christ Wetzel are the only residents of the town of Arena. Inspite of the great change in this frontier town, it holds many fond memories for the many people that had at one time been associated with it.

-158- GEORGE BOELTER

George Boelter was born in Minnesota. He lived south of Litchville until 1907, when he moved to Driscoll. In 1916 he moved to Arena, where he owned and operated a Grain Elevator and Hardware Store. He moved to Bismarck in 1927. He was married to Hattie Brushwein, in 1901, at Marion, North Dakota. She passed away in 1908. He later married Lena Ebeling in 1912. She passed away in 1974° George passed away in 1939° CHILDREN: First marriage MAYTA — (Mrs. Mayta Smith), Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. EDWARD — Retired Funeral Director of Bismarck, He owned and operated the Funeral Home for 22 years. CORA — Mrs. Marlin Hutchinson, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho WALTER — retired from Real Estate Business, Denver, Colorado. Second marriage ROBERT — Retired draftsman, Bismarck, North Dakota JOHN — Burleigh County Civil Defense Director, Bismarck, N. Dak, MILDRED — Mrs. Jake Harms, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho BEVERLY — MRS. JOHN HARMS Bismarck, N. Dak. RUBY — Mrs. Ruby Boelter, Seattle, Washington ARLENE — Mrs. Everett Klucas, Minneapolis, Minnesota RAYMOND — Printer, Seattle, Washington

Submitted by: Edward Boelter

ALBERT C. ISAMINGER The original Isaminger family came from Ironton, Ohio, in the 1860's. They moved from Ohio to Nebraska , and from Nebraska to North Dakota in 1903- 1904. Albert Isaminger came with the family when they settled in Denhoff, North Dakota. From Denhoff Albert moved to Arena in 1914. Albert and Alberta M. Halver, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Halver, were married in Denhoff, North Dakota, in 1907. Alberta had been a teacher in some of the early schools of this area. Albert was a banker in Denhoff and in the Arena area.• After the Isamingers moved to Bismarck, Albert was Burleigh County Auditor for some time. They moved to Seattle, Washington in 1939 and Mr.- Isaminger was in private business there. Albert passed away March 15, 1962, Mrs. Isaminger is still living, and seems to be in good health. She lives with her daughter in Auburn, Washington. CHILDREN: MERLE — married, 2 children, 4 grandchildren MARION — widow (husband, Dr. Dale R. Smith, passed away July 15, 1975) 1 child - 1 grandchild. LUCILLE — married Submitted by: Lucille Isaminger Christenson -159- MR. AND MRS. INGVALD EIDE, SR. •

Mr. and Mrs. Eide came to Harriet Township in the early summer of 1907° Driving a frisky team of Percheon mares just broken to the harness, they arrived in a "spring wagon" with a new baby girl, Edna Engeborg, and the cat, sigre. They came from Bowden, North Dakota some forty-five miles north of what was later to become Arena. The first home was a little homestead shack on the N.W.-J- of sec, 14, 142 - 75, which Mrs. Eide, nee Bertha Nelson had proved up. They shortly bought surrounding land parcels, as time went on Ingvald,Jr. (Junie) continued to build up the farmstead and subsequently Junie's son, Eugene is working with his father, each having their modern home on the original home­ stead, replacing the original and second homes which have been razed. Bowden had been a temporary home in the interim for both Bertha Nelson, who was born in Malmo, Sweden and Infvald Eide coming from Bergan, Norway, to visit distant relatives in Bowden, to their new home in Harriet twp. At the same time that Bertha Nelson was proving up her clain, Johannah Erickson was proving up her quarter northwest of Bertha Nelson's. Part of Johannah11 s quarter later became the townsite of Arena, including the plot of the cemetery. There were no other buildings, a path about -§- mile was well worn between the two shacks The Eides soon built fences and barns and broke up the sod for grain fields. Miss Erickson lived in her house for some years, selling lots to the growing village, then moved to Wilton where she had a millinery shop for a few years and then returned to her native Iowa. She had sold her land to the Eides. Both Bertha Nelson and Ingvald Eide came to the United States at the turn of the century as young adulta. Ingvald arrived at Sykeston, North Dakota a short distance from Bowden because the railroad did not reach Bowden. It was in the dead of winter, cold and snowy. His cousins dressed in heavy coats, fur caps and overshoes driving horses and sled came to meet a city fellow clad in a light topcoat and derby hat. He spent some time in Canada, came back to Bowden, took a homestead claim, sold it and went back to Norway. But within a year he was back in Bowden and he and Bertha Nelson were married July 17, 1906. The next year they came to Harriet twp. That first year was a meagre and frugal be­ ginning for the farmstead that has steadily continued to grow. That fall Ingvald went to Bowden to work with a threshing rig to earn some cash. It is recalled that he said those young mares were so frisky he had to hold the reins in his hands while pitching bundles into the rack. To be alone with a little baby was a terrifying experience for Mrs. Eide, whose early life had not been country libing and certainly not this pioneering adventure. She had spent a few months at intervals while proving up her claim in Fargo; however, this had been more in the spirit of a lark, with Johannah Erickson up on the hill and another girl friend, Josie Grintime. Nights were bad, she wrapped the alarm clock to deaden the noise. And those little millipeds (so abundant then) threatened to climb up the wall and drop on the bed, so she put each leg of the iron bed in cans of kerosene in them. This was great extravagance, since the nearest source of supplies was Driscoll, The good side of this inconvenience was a bit of work for Mr. Eide - he freighted supplies from Driscoll to Arena, as it grew with a general store, a lumber yard and other businesses until the railroad came through in 1911. As the town grew and the railroad camp was set up, more trips were made. Many of the settlers living near the road said they could hear Mr. Eide coming over the hills talking to his horses, sometimes singing lustily in the early morning. Those first years were very harsh; no train, no post office, no schools, poor roads, if any at all. Neighbors seemed so much further away than they actually were, because of lack of roads. The building of the railroad gave more than a promise of transportation and a closer connection with the rest of

-I60- the world- it gave employment to the local men, a place to sell extra food-stuffs, _£ the peasantry of nefpeople to visit with. The railroad being built was a S-anch of the^orthern Pacific called the Pingree-Wilton Branch which connected toother lines! Construction started in the summer of 1910. The construction cal was set up jus? north of the Eide home. Mr. Eide worked here withhis u camp was set up J ^ h extra income a welcome item to the growing team and a iresno scrappei, u«- ^ , , /p-n > = hnr-n Thp-r-p familv The winter before in the dead of winter, Albern t (Gil wawas bom, Ihere iamiiy. me w-uio knowledgeable in these crises, a was no doctor ^ ^f §^^^1^ was'finished in 1911, a third member hS arrived Anne Elizabeth! At subsequent intervals Bertha Evalyn and had arrived, Anne * ^ ^^ Nading plcked a March hd Ingvald Jr. W ^ t This time there was a doctor in Tuttle, but hr:ft°irost°in1he SoS? "ng the night, after the baby arrived under the sLfloiSiions the previous ones had Mr Eide went .j search^f the doctor,^ h b rSS fsLSeran offi:e in ^Se^This, however was in latter years, after

World War I and during the flue epidemic^ mentioned before no doctor T? tShe°rfwaTa Sr Sitt baerin Seele, In the spring of 1909, before T]^' r she broke her leg. At all odds a doctor must be reached. Mr. Eide's er Edna was two, she broke * ^ ± t d at ^ distance, and again mares were too heavy with foal to trave ^ P^ &nd light buggy ^ got t\f famine the doctor^ TeZtt have been a very good doctor, the double ^^^ectiont^'becomes overwhelmed with gratitude and respect for Upon re±lect,ion, either ^^ fesslonal knowledge or those wonderful, citabletg°gesire to help their fellow beings in need, practical ^^n ^ - \ j^ ht m Ashyre cow frpm f During that ^ f ^lt jecon y two decades, providing much food-;:and many Harry itchier This cow lived nearly ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ neighbor had 5 off-sprmg ^^^I/IZ . the two little ones took alternate turns in having given them a ^^1? *°<*^n, ™ too, lived far into the second decade, but am egg that she P^^ai^y. She henlfruit, for she not only ate her own eggs in later years she wasn t sharing ^ her beak clipped. but swiped ner neighbors ispite of.h^ ^ ^ ^ ^PP^ Arena ^ & By the ^ . ^ men from sto Paul? Walter Scott and Harry general store est abli ^ODV p^ank Lambert from McKenzie set up a lumberyard. Williamson; ^f^^f^ later purchased by George Boelter. Now one could a h Purdy set up + f™^2n Harry Mutchler was the first postmaster in Arena, go east or«st^tran. y t ^ _ ^ ^^ it_ naffle _ According to legend, he 6 sparring matches of young locals out m inspiration coming from ^tching P g ^ b a section

the spaces Tom Ja-b-n built a ^ ^ ^ ^/.^ r£dlroad was built house with buildings ^ house essential to shoe the horses, and a blacksmith shop was ^J5^^ / t was the first blacksmith. ^^^he'buildSi of rSfe was a necessity, redther Brackete were no highway crews to come The building oi iu was & „road_boss„ whxch meant coor_ ?" -^ toLlher lie fen to bSld grades over streams, rocked in and graveled roads donating together the men s ^g ^ & regular actlvxty in to other towns ^ churches scho „poll_tax„ so they could vote, and e e the summer *^ » P^ ^°^ra cash. The town was never incorporated, so much ^oT^r^T^VTs township board. Mr. Eide served on this board for

m3ny years and his son, ^^lll^ksln, town. The Eide family had grown

t0 fife -The eldest was ready for school -there was none ^-^was^little SCh :raway S°o: "-Has l^d^d^y JAnuar/l915 there was a new

-161- school for all eight grades. The ages ranged from the youngest, which hap­ pened to be Albert Eide, five years, who in latter years admits, "I didn't have the remotest idea what it was all about, but a lot of fun", to eighteen year old upper graders. The first teacher was Edna heaton from McKenzie. The enroll­ ment grew as the town grew, and in a few years we needed a new school or a big­ ger one. There was a new Lutheran Church, so in the interim of building a new school, the upper grades went to the church and the lower grades in the original school. A new school should be big enough to at least include two years high, this was quite a financial undertaking. Finally, after legally dividing the school district in half, an imposing brick school was finished in the early twenties. The school flourished for many years, then came the de­ pression and the Drought years and people in town and country moved away. The staff was reduced to two teachers, then to a lower grade one room school. Anne Eide Zimmer taught there several years. The old building was sold and moved south of town arid is still being used as a church. The brick building is one of the few buildings left - used for a polling place. About the time the first school was built the need for a bank was met by a very neat building with A. C. Isaminger as its cashier. Alvin Helgeson work­ ed in this bank after returning from over-seas in World War I. The bank is the only business building still standing in Arena. It maintains all the business of the town now, a thriving little general store (including gifts and souvenirs), a gas pump and most important a postoffice, Rose Eide operates this business. Edna, Gil, Anne and Bertha graduated from Bismarck High; Elsie graduated from Prescott High School in Prescott, Arizona, staying with her sister, Edna, - !; who was then the principal of Jefferson Elementary. The middle twenties was . the beginning of college days and preparation to earn their own living. School jj and teaching was the theme. Edna, Gil, Anne, Bertha and Elsie were all teaching I school while still in their teens. As was hhe custom, teach a term, then go to ' school to build up college credentials; it was work and pay your own way— there were no grants or fringe benefits at that time. Elsie soon dropped out and went into the restaurant business, after thirteen terms of teaching, Bertha joined the Northern Pacific Railroad as a depot-agent for over thirty years. Edna and Gil each put in well over forty years before retiring, Anne has twenty- seven years to her credit and still teaching, altogether one-hundred thirty-one years. If we add the years in the field by the spouses it will near the two hundred mark. Junie's wife, Rose Mclntyre, taught several years, Anne's husband, Bernard Zimmer, taught many years, Elsie's husband, Critchfield Krug made a career and is still going strong. Ingvald Jr. (Junie) stayed with the farm working with mother and father to build the farmstead to its present dimensions. Since the passing of Ingvald and Bertha Br., Junie with his son Gene, continue.on. Junie has been on the Board of Directors of R.E.A. since R.E.A. was brought to this community, and faith­ fully attended annual national conventions. He has been president for years of the Wing Horse Show, supplying stock and horses, and leading parades. He serves on the school board. His wife, Rose, has also served on the board and worked with Wing Homemakers. Whatever is going onthey're there to lend a hand or lead a deal. Ingvald, Sr. and Bertha loved the land, the outdoors and the animals. Ingvald loved horses and treated them humanely, raising many, together with Junie many of their cattle and horses have taken part in the Horse Show in Wing. At one of the Horse Shows in the middle 50's the event in progress was the cowboy con­ testants "cutting out" a steer. Attempts were made repeatedly and still the steer got away. Mr. Eide watching couldn't stand the torture of his steer any longer, said, "Hell, enough is enough," strode down to the fence and as he neared it, the steer ran up to the fence and put his nose against the hand Ingvald held out to him. In later years they were successful in raising Canada Geese -

-162- eventually there was a large flock. Although they were tame pets with clipped wings, they would wander far away and Ingvald would walk miles to put them back in their fence. The appreciation of nature was always present. One summer even­ ing when everyone was home on vacation, Ingvald said, "Tomorrow morning, early with the dawn, I want to show you something beautiful," Up with the dawn we drove miles until we came to a huge field of flax just as the sun was rising. The blue blossoms damp with morning dew, moved with a soft breeze like the gentle waves of the ocean. Bertha found pleasure raising and mothering chickens and turkeys, geese and ducks. It was also an important item of income. Some­ times these animals raised havoc with the garden and flowers. As was the custom of the times, everyone helped on the farmstead; feeding and caring for the chickens, turkeys, geese, pigs, calves, horses and cows; cows meant the milking, separating the milk, caring for the cream and the cleaning of the equip,ent. The skim milk was fed to the calves and pigs, but the cream was sold to cream stations, part of the subsistence in leaner times. As if that wasn't enough to keep six kids, Mother and Dad and hired men busy, there were fields to till, hayfields to reap, through the years thousands of acres of oats, wheat adn barley had been shocked, sometimes when the bundles were heavy it took two little kids to the shock. With the advent of the header, this was eliminated, and in turn It gave way to the combine, it in turn eliminated the threshing rig with its crew. Some may miss the chugging of the steam engine in the early dawn, but there was another side to that hustle and bustle. These crews, sometimes as many as twenty-five were fed and "bedded" by the farmer whose grain was being threshed. On one such occasion while the crew was at the Eide farm, untimely rains came and they stayed for six weeks. This was one of the many trials of Mrs. Eide's life; cooking, baking, and washing dishes for these men, while the rains each day were reducing the psssibility of a yield of the fields they had worked so hard to bring to this point. By this time, Ingvald and Bertha Eide, reared in village and city life to adulthood in a foreign land, had learned a lot about living and farming in quite a primitive way. Whatever was to be done, whatever to endure, they shared. Besides serving on the township board, school boards, assisting with elect= ions and other community projects, Ingvald, Sr. was land agent for the W. G. Hoerr Land Company. When the Eide's came to Harriet township, much of the land not taken by homesteads, was owned by land companies. One of these was the W.G. Hoerr Land Co. These lands were rented by the farmers for cash rent in the case of pasture land, and often on shares of the crops on farm land. This entailed correspondence, drawing up contracts, collecting of moneys, and sales. Event­ ually these lands were sold, several plots of these lands are now a part of the Eide farm. There were many heartbreaking episodes during these many years. It was pretty grim during the years of the depression, more so with the drought add­ ing to the disaster of having to sell most of the cattle for as little as six dollars a head, bought up by the government because feed could not be secured even if there had been money to buy it. Thistles and short stalks of corn were pulled up by the roots and salted down to provide feed for a few head saved for basics. Quoting Gill,". . . we had poverty but we didn't know it as such, we did the best we could." There were hard times, bitter times to overcome, but the family were appre­ ciative of staying alive and relatively healthy, they spent many happy times together. One of these was the celebration of Ingvald and Berth's fiftieth Wedding Anniversary, the family was still intact, several grandchildren had far came arrived and many friends from near and to this festive affair. Eide's Sr. never moved from their farm home, although in later years they would visit the homes of their children and sometimes spend part of the severe winters in warmer climes. They lived their lives without becoming incapacitated in any way, enjoying the events of the world about them. Ingvald §r. drove his

-I63- car around the farm and fields as long as he lived. The first to leave was Bertha after a bout with the flu. She died January 8, I966. She had said she wanted to rest close to her home and land, since the cemetery is located in the midst of her land she loved, so at the age of eighty-six she was buried facing her earthly home. Ingvald Sr. followed three years later, June 1969 at the age of ninety-four, buried next to his wife. The rest of the family are all living, scattered about the United States. Mrs. Alvin Helgeson, nee Edna Eide, resides on a ranch near Myrtle Creek, Oregon, They have one son: Alvin Jr., with the U. S. Dept. of Justice, as Border Patrol agent, currently instructor at the Border Patrol Academy, Los Fresnos, Texas; and a daughter, Colleen Helgeson Nelson, an ornithologist, Winnepeg, Manitoba. Mr. and Mrs. Albert (Gil) Eide, nee Dorothea Schultz, live in Juneau, Alaska. They have one son; Richard, a pilot with the Alaskan Airlines, current­ ly transferring to Seattle, preparing for commercial flying in U.S. Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Zimmer, nee Anne Eide, have their home in Hot Springs, Montana. They have three sons; Bernard Jr. with Prudential Insurance in Denver, Colorado; Brian with the First Bank of Birginia, residing in Arlington, Virginia; and Douglas who has been working with television in Helena, Montana. Mrs. Joe Groh, nee Bertha Eide, lives in Circle, MOntana. Joe Groh deceased. She has one daughter; Mrs. Charles Vaughn, nee Roberta June, who lives on a farm near Knoxville, Iowa, with her husband and family, Charles is a pharmacist in the Veterans's hospital. Mr. and Mrs. Critchfield Krug, nee Elsie Eide, live in Garrison, North Dakotao Mr. Krug is principal of the Elementary Schools and works with band. Elsie is in the restaurant business. They have two daughters; Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Schmidt, nee Trudy Kay Krug, who live on a ranch near Max, North Dakota and Karen Ann Krug, a graduate student at the University of North Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. Ingvald Eide,Jr.,nee Rose Mclntyre, live on the original home­ stead at Arena, North Dakota, They have four children. Eugene married Janice McCormick, they, too, have their home on the farmstead; farming in cooperation with his father. Roberta, Mrs. Steven Thorson, lives near Minot, North Dakota, she is teaching and Steven is an officer in the U. S. Air Force. Mr. and Mrs. Duayne Hickel, nee Cleo Eide, live In Wing, North Dakota. Dwayne is a construct­ ion engineer in building heating equipment. Rebecca is still at home with her parents attending High School in Wing. Submitted by: Edna Eide Helgeson

(EDUCATION From Page 67) There is no comparison to the way we have school now. We have separate class rooms for each subject, we have indoor bathrooms, Physical Education, hot lunches, school buses to pick up the children on farms, a variety of subjects and electric furnaces. So, I guess we son't have it too bad! (Roxanne Wagner)

-I64- Harry Helgeson was a good friend of the Eide's and had spent many hours with them reminiscing old times and swapping stories, many if them told in dialect often ending in gales of laughter. Harry visited with the Eide's the last time he was in North Dakota. It was on this last visit that he was inspired to write the enc.osed poem, and sent a copy to Mr. and Mrs. Eide, which expresses so well the feeling we all have for our homeland and home= folks but cannot say it so well. Harry will write no more, he died during heart surgery last June 18, 1975. He was a brother-in-law of Mrs. Alvin Helgeson.

RETURN By Harry E. Helgeson I stand today where I played as a child, When this prairie land was new and wild, And my eyes are bitter with the salt of tears For the things that are gone with the passing years. But still from his knoll the coyote calls, As the sun goes down and twilight falls. And the night hawk veers his erratic way As he did in the dusk of a bygone day.

And the distant hills so darkly blue, To my childhood eyes were ever new. For beyond their summits so sharp and clean, Were the wonderful things I had never seen.

Oh, the many years that have passed since then And the hills have been scaled again and again. I have sailed the ocean wide and free With the wild mustangs of the sea. The wild mustangs, I've seen them roam With flowing mane like a breaker's foam.

I remember the hopes my parents had, Tho the wind was hot and the crops were bad, But ever the slogan was, never fear, There'll be rain and a crop next year.

But the folks have long since passed away, To await the dawn of another day. And the dreams they strove for with hope and toil Are buried deep in the prairie soil.

Bur I seem to hear on the lilting breeze Like the distant whisper of surging seas, The song of the prairie, old and strange Repeating its theme with never a change.

They may journey far, they may journey wide, They may journey beyond the sea foams tide, But wherever they go or whatever they be My people will always return to me.

-165 BERDINES JACOBSON FAMILY

Bardines Jacobson and Marie Thomaas were married in Likness, Norway in I883 and came to this country and settled at Horace, North Dakota. They moved from Horace in a covered wagon and team of oxen. They settled on a piece of land and had squatters right until it was surveyed and became Norway township in Kidder County. Four boys were born to them at Horace: Peter, Thomas, Henry and Hans. Hans passed away at Sanborn, North Dakota on their way to Steele. In 1888 they homesteaded in Norway Township about twenty-five miles northwest of Steele, which was their nearest town until Arena and Tuttle were built While living there in a sod house which they built, seven more children were born to them: Carl, Nellie, Amanda, Amelia, Wilfred, Bennie and Gustav. Mrs. Jacobson passed away in 1917, and Mr. Jacobson in 1923. CHILDREN: PETER — married Hannah Olson in 1924, 1 child Burnette who is married to Gilbert Ward and lives in Washougal, Wash. Peter and Hannah are both deceased. THOMAS — married Selma Dyrland, 4 children: Marie, Benhard, Ruby and Hazel. Thomas passed away in 1920 and Selma in I960. HENRY — married Clara Dyrland, 4 Children: Mabel, Ralph, Herman and Olive. Henry and Clara are deceased and also Herman. HANS — deceased CARL — married Belle Bailey, 2 girls, Ardella and Norma. NELLIE — married Sigurd Wenaas, both deceased. 6 children: Mildred, Irene, Adeline, Sigurd, Bernice and Reggna. AMANDA — married Ole Olson, both deceased, 6 children: mabel, Bertrum, Willard, Mary Jane, Beverly and Opal. Mabel and Willard are the only survivors of the family. AMELIA — married Walter Scott, 2 children, Doris and Beva, Doris has passed away. Amelia is now living at the Liberty Heights, Mandan, N. Dak. WILFRED — (Willie) married Vera Marks of Tuttle. Wilfred is now living with his second wife, Clara in Washougal, Washington. 3 children: Dean, Donald and Ila. BENNIE — married Bertha Huff of Wilton. 1 son, Neil. Bennie is deceased. GUSTAV — married Bernice Weidell, 1 son: Alan. Gus is deceasedo

Thomas and Carl Jacobson had a dray line and Livery stable at Arena. Carl moved away and Tom operated it until his death in 1920. Submitted by: Amelia Jacobson Scott

JACOB AND KATERINE MERKEL

Jacob and Katherine Merkel lived north of Arena. In about 1918, the family moved into Arena, where the Merkels operated a Butcher shop and Cream Station. About a year after moving to Arena, Jacob passed away. CHILDREN: ROSE — married Christ Wetzel. They have lived in Arena many years. Christ operates the elevator, takes care of the village of Arena and is Village Mayor. They have one girl, Verna—married Fred Leno, 2 children: Marlon and Monte The Lenos live in Medina.

-166- MARTHA — married Bert Hall, 2 children and live in Chehallis, Wash. LYDIA —married Ted Hoffman. For several years they lived in Wing, but moved to Washington, where they reside. They have 7 children: Feme, Donald, Shirley, Arvid, Willis, Robert and Sharon, JOHN — (deceased) married Erna Wiesenberger Marlene—married Walter Eckholm, live in Wing Arvada—lives in Minot JAKE — has 2 boys and lives in Menlo, Washington WILLIAM (Coon) — married Bessie Dell. William and Bessie farmed until 1948 when they moved to Wing. William worked for the State, the County and on construction work. Bessie worked in restaurants, was cook for Wing School Lunch Program for 5 years and was janitor at the Lutheran Church. William passed away in 1974 of a heart attack, Bessie lives in Wing. Children: Doris—married Leonard Landenberger, farm near Tuttle, 3 boys. Marilyn —married Albert Wagner, 2 children, live in Waterloo, Iowa Mary Ellen—married Irvin Fetzer, 3 children , live in Coeur d'Alene Dennis— married, 1 child, lives in Lansing, Michigan Darlene—married James Froelich, 3 boys, lives at Valley City Judy—married Arvine Hitland, 2 children, lives at Minot, N. DAk. Jacqueline (Jacky)—married Wesley MOrlock of Pettibone, 1 child Kathy—married Richard Carney, 1 child, live at Grants Pass, Ore. Debra—married Woodward Clouse, 1 Child Douglas—married Brenda Klein, live in Bismarck,

Related by: Bessie Dell Merkel

HARRY MUTCHLER FAMILY

Harry Mutchler was born February 26, 1874, and Hannah McGrew was born November 7, 1873. After their marriage, the Mutchlers homesteaded in Eddy County, in 1903. They let this homestead go and came to Harriet township in 1904. Dad was the first postmaster and named the town of Arena. The first post office was out on our farm, then. Arena was started in 1906 and the mail nam came every day from Driscoll. The railroad (I think) came in 1911, at which time the store was built and Dad gave the Post Office to Walter Scott. Dad was then Field Representative for Patterson Land Company. He held this position from 1910 until 1927. The family moved to Wing in the fall of 1916. The Mutchlers operated the Hotel at Wing for four years. Harry was a charter member of the Commercial Club and an eager worker for it. In 1926 the family moved to Bismarck. From 1927 until his death Harry was a salesman for Northwest Nursery of Valley City, N. Dak. He blue-printed and landscaped for his customers. Harry (Dad lived in Wing, again, with me (Violet) from 1953 until his death, January 2, 1956, age 82. Mother (Hannah) passed away October 27, 1957, age 84. CHILDREN: ADIN — married Nina Boss. One daughter, Dorothy. Adin-deceased. VIOLET — married Oscar Wietstock, deceased

-I67- OLIVE -— married, 3 children, lives in Anaheim, California VERNON —lives in Sioux "City, Iowa, never married AUBREY — married 3 boys, lives in Gysum, Colorado MELVIN — married, 1 son, lives in Kelso, Washington

Submitted by: Violet Mutchler Wietstock

GEORGE PEHL, JR. FAMILY

George Pehl, Jr. came to America in 1903, with his wife and his father, who was also George, but Sr. The George Pehls, jr. had two children born in Germany. The second son Julius was born aboard ship while crossing the ocean. They arrived in Fessenden at friends' home. The Jr. Pehl.'left his family with the friends and walked down from there to take up a homestead near Arena. On this homestead they built a sod house and here they lived until they could build a three room house on the farm which is just two miles northeast of Arena. Here eight more children were bom. Mrs. Pehl died in 1919° She was the first burial in the now Arena Cemetery. In 1920, Mr. Pehl was married to the widow, Mrs. Katherine Merkel, who had lost her husband in 1919. The Merkels had six children. Mr. Pehl's father, the sr. George Pehl, lived with them until 1930, when he passed away. In 1919, the parsonage of the Zion Langedahl Lutheran Church was purchased by Mr. Pehl and was moved to the farmstead. This building was moved into Wing, about 1950 and was the home of the Ray Wietstocks for a time. At the present time this building is the bus garage of Carl Berg. In 1936, Mr. and Mrs. Pehl moved to Washington and Their son, George took over the farm, which is still operated by him and his second son, also George. George and Katherine have both passed away. George Pehl was very active in school and township affairs. He helped organize the church in Arena and was a member of the first Board of Trustees of that church. The family were charter members of this church, the St. John's Lutheran Church of Arena. CHILDREN: The children of the first marriage of George Pehl, Jr. EDWARD — deceased, born in Germany. EMMA — deceased, born in Germany, married Julius Leske JULIUS — lives in Phoenix, Arizona FRED — married Olga Leske, live in California LYDIA —married Carl Hiel, live in California WANDA — married Mr. Evers, live in Washington ALMA — married Ray Wietstock,deceased, Alma lives in Liberty Heights. LOUISE — is married and lives in Texas GEORGE — married Dorothy Barkman. They have three children. George was rural mail carrier out of Arena for over forty years. Children: Neil—married Hazel Buller, one son,Korya They live on the Christ Berjke farm. Hazel works at the Bank of Steele George—married, and operates the original homestead farm of Pehls. Sandra—married Geln Simonson, 7 Children , Sandra lives in Wash. ADOLPH — married and lives in Washington. The children of the second marriage: WILLIS — lives in Washington RUBY — lives in California

-168- DOROTHY — deceased DeMARIS — married Mr. Adolphson, lives in Seattle, Washington ARLENE — lives in Washington

Submitted by: Alma Pehl Wietstock

WALTER SCOTT Walter Scott was born in Madison, South Dakota. He came to Arena in about 1909 and bought the store which was owned by a Mr, Fox. Walter became the post master, after Harry Mutchler. Walter held that post for 20 years. A friend from Minneapolis, Harry (Doc) Williamson, came to join him and a partnership was formed in 1913° In 1915, Walter married Amelia Jacobson. The railroad came through in 1911 so the store was moved to a lower level to be closer to the depot. The Scotts moved to Bismarck in 1924 and in 1942 they moved to Portland, Oregon. During World War II, Mrs. Scott worked in the Kaiser ship yards, as a welder, until the war was over. She then came back to Bismarck. They bought the Ray O'Brien restaurant and operated it for a few years. Then they moved back to Portland. Walter passed away in 1961 in Portland, Oregon. Amelia lives in Liberty Heights, Mandan, North Dakota. CHILDREN: DORIS —deceased BEVA — married Lester Werre, 2 children, live in Bismarck.

Submitted by: Amelia Jacobson Scott

WENAAS* FAMILY HISTORY Sigurd (Sig) 0. Wenaas was bom at Minneapolis, Minnesota on March 19, 1884. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. JAmes Wenaas and spent his early years in Minneapolis. In 1908, he came to Worth Dakota with his parents and he later homesteaded in Lein township in Burleigh County. For a time he was a drayman in Tuttle. On JUly 31, 1910, Sig married Nellie Jacobson at the home of her parents at Arena, He farmed and served as a mail carrier in the community until 1925. The Wenaas family then moved to Bismarck, where Mr. Wenaas became associated with the Bismarck Public School System, as custodian and remained as such until the time of his death in May 1959. He was a charter member of the Lein Lutheran Church and the family are members of the Trinity Lutheran Church in Bismarck. Mrs. Wenaas will best be remembered for her famous pastries at the A. W. Lucas Lunch Room, where she was employed for 28 years. Nellie passed awayin February, 1974° CHILDREN: MILDRED —Mrs. W. F. Gillen, Bismarck, N. Dak. IRENE — Mrs. Herbert Becker, New Salem, North Dakota ADELINE — Mrs. J. C. Neibauer, Seattle, Washington SIGURD 0.(Bud),Jr. —Alexandria, Minnesota BERNICE — widow of Donald Asbridge, Served as Burleigh dounty Auditor, State Treasurer, one term, Bismarck, North Dakota RAGNA —Mrs. Michael Wetch, Mandan, North Dakota 22 grand children, 44 great grandchildren and 1 great, great, grandchild. Submitted by: wp Bernice Wenaas Asbridge WIETSTOCK FAMILY

Oscar Wietstock came to North Dakota in 19-6, from southern Minnesota. He came with Art Kopplin to work in the Wing Mercantile co. He was called to the service in World War I. He left in 1917, but came back again when his .duty tour was ended. He went back to Minnesota to bring his mother and brother to N. Dak, His father had passed away in 1915° His mother, Mrs. Fredricka Wietstock and his two brother, Louis and Henry a nephew, Ray and Mr. and Mrs. See came back to N. Dak. at this time. Mrs. See was sister of Oscar. Louis and Henry Wietstock farmed north of Wing on the George Anderson farm, and Mother Wietstock and the Sees farmed southeast of Wing. Oscar lived with them until 1926, when he took over as rural mail carrier out of Arena. Sig Wenaas had moved to Bismarck. In 1927, Oscar and Violet Mutchler were married. Oscar was Arena mail carrier until 1948, when the family moved to Wing. Violet took over the cafe in Wing and operated that for a year. She also worked for the Post Office for 5 years. Oscar passed away in 1962. Fredricka Wietstock passed away in 1933° Everett See is deceased, but Lillian See is living out West. Raymond, the grandson of Fredricka, lived with his grandmother until 1932, when he married Alma Pehl. Ray and Alma farmed around Arena until 1950, when they moved to Wing. Ray died in 1966, Violet and Alma make their homes at Liberty Heights, Mandan, North Dakota. Oscar and Violet had five children. All of the children graduated from Wing High School: KENNETH — bom July, 1928, married Elizabeth Schuler, 2 children live in Louisville, Kentucky. Kenneth works for the government at Fort Knox, as Chief of Labor Relations. ARLYS — bom Nov. 1929, married Walter Poppke, 2 children Arlys works at a bank in Bismarck, a ARDELL — born Sept. 1931, married Pauline Lassard, 2 children Ardell works for the government at Fort Sheridan, Waukegan, 111. Also, has a 20 year pension from the Air Force. MILO — born Jan. 1934, married Gladys Wise of Regan. 3 boys Milo is a Public Accountant, Auditor for the govt, at Detroit, Mich. JANICE — born Jan. 1938, married Clarence Fetzer, 3 boys. Clarence is a Bismarck fireman.

Submitted by: Violet Mutchler Wietstock Alma Pehl Wietstock

"DOC" WILLIAMSON

Harry F. Williamson, known as Doc, came to Arena in 1923. He was born and raised in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, but was working in St. Paul, Minnesota where he met Walter Scott. Mr. Scott was to choose a location in the Dakotas according to the railroad progress and the new areas being opened, for the two of them to go into business together. Arena was chosen and as a result they operated a General Merchandise store in partnership from 1913 until 1920. Doc Williamson bought out Scott in 1920 and operated the store until 1938. The family moved to Bismarck at that time. He died in 1947°

-170- Doc married Frances Schmidt from Bowden, North Dakota, WElls County, in June 1921, (a coincidence, her father was also in the General Merchandise store business). Three children: Jean, Lois and James. Frances Williamson lives in Bismarck, North Dakota at 1423 N, 21st St, 82 years old. Submitted by: Lois Williamson

Other who lived in Arena in the pioneer days:

Pete Heaton Bill Wutzke—Operated a store 3 boys Ben Lawrence was depot agent

Earless Family John Catilano family- he was Section Forman Littles—Blacksmith Shop Mr, & Mrs. Chas Brackett —operated a Hotel Miss Pergandy—one of the first settlers tttttttttt-X-tttttttttttttttttttttt (FARMING FROM PAGE 140) too heavy in worked soil. Coal, wood, straw, and oil were used to keep the boiler hot. They were rated betrween 10 and 120 brake horsepower and could pull from 7 to 14 bottomed plows. The power came at a price, however, the bulky boiler, heavy driving mechanisms and the frame which supported it, formed a monster that weighed 25 tons or more. These steam engines required lots of labor, where a crew consisted of an engineer, fireman, plowman, cook, and two or more men with horses to keep the engines sup­ plied with fuel and water. The gasoline tractor appeared in the late 1800's and early 1900's. They brought the steam era to a close because they were smaller, had Better mechanical efficiency, and were easier to operate. They could thresh just as good as the steam engines, but were easier to operate. They could thresh just as good as the steam engines, but could get in smaller places and do more field work than the steam engines. Thus the tractor was a great advantage over the steam engine. In later years the tractor has changed in comfort and power. It has more horsepower, four-wheel drive, and a cab that protects the operator from the elements of nature. Inside the cab he has such luxuries as a radio, tape player tilting seat and steering wheel, air conditioning, heaters, and a padded seat that swivels. With all these extras, man gets less tired inlonger working days m his quest to supply the world with food.

(Roger Koski)

-171- THE GEORGE ANDERSON FAMILY

George Anderson was born in Bismarck, N.Dak. on April 20, 1883 to August and Anna Anderson. His father was a "section boss" for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company when tracks were being built across the United States, and "the family moved across the country, keeping ahead of the building crews. They moved to a homestead, farm near Wilton (actually Still) and settled there. George was educated in the rural schools there and later attend­ ed the Agricultural College in Fargo. Mrs. Anderson was born in Spring Garden, Minnesota on November 20.. 1882 tp Anna and John Frodeen. Her father was a Swedish Lutheran minister and the first president of Gustavus Adolpus College in St. Peter, Minnesota, from which schools G-erda graduated in 1904 and moved to North Dakota where she taught rural schools and lived on a homestead of her brother, Ted. She married George on December 26, 1906 and they moved to a homestead farm near Wing at that time. In 1911 they moved, into the village of Wing, where they were partners in a coal and feed business known as "Cotton and Anderson". The next business venture was to join the Wing Mercantile Company as a partner in the business. Other partners throughout the years included Art and Conrad Kopplin, Grant Hubbell, Herb Edgerton and Byron Graham. The Wing Oil Company was a sub­ sidiary of the Wing Mercantile Co. George also awned and farmed lands near Wing, and his heirs still are the proud owners of one section of his land. George and Gerda Anderson were staunch supporters of Wing. George serv- on the town board and the school board for years and years. He worked hard and long promoting every celebration and town function to make Wing a thriving community and a good place to live. Mrs. Anderson taught piano to almost every youngster interested in music in the community and was the organist and choir director for many years in the Congregational Church. She was active in the Ladies' Aid and the PTA and all community functions. Four children were born to the family. Wallace Everett was born on the „. farm, December 20, 1907. He was educated in Wing, Glen Ullen, Jamestown College and received his medical, degree from the University of Minnesota. He married Katherine Melby of Thief River Falls, Minnesota, and "'practiced medicine in Clearbrook, Minnesota until his death in November of 1966. Kae Wally have one son, Rolf. Bertel Luverne was born in Wing on September 4, 19H. He was a member- of the first graduating class from Wing High School in 1928 and graduated from Jamestown College. He taught school in Arena, N. Dak., and married Aileen Rice from Mercer, N. Dak. He became co-owner of the Carrington Company in Seattle, Washingon, where the family has made its home. Sally and. James complete their family. Anna Lucille was born in Wing on September 8, 1914, graduated from Wing High School in 1932 amd from Valley City State College. She taught in Florence Lake District, Arena, Wing and Bismarck before moving to Los Angeles, California, where =he KaS' been employed by Sunkist Growers, Inc. for the past 32 years. Jean Lois was born in Bismarck on September- 4, 1924° She graduated, from Wing High School in 1942, attended Jamestown College and the University of North Dakota. She worked in Bismarck until she married Joseph Nemetz of Wing. Joe is employed, by the Allis Chalmers Company of Cleveland, Ohio. They have four children, Gregory, Debby (new Mrs. Barry Sheppard), JoMarie and Thomas.

-172- Mr. and Mrs, Anderson left North Dakota to make their heme in Ryderwood, Washington, in 1962 where they resided until George passed away in September of 1966, Shortley thereafter, Mrs. Anderson moved to Seattle and at the time of her death, in August of 1970, was living at Mercerview Convalescent Hospital, Mercer "Island, Washington. Submitted By: Lucille Anderson

JOHN BOSS FAMILY

John Boss was born in Norway in 1873° He came to the United States and lived in Aberdeen, South Dakota. He married Mathilda Johnson in Aberdeen in 1893. They settled in Frederick, South Dakota, When the McKenzie Mercantile Qo. store was started in what was to be Wing, John came to seek employment, leaving his family in Frederick, When it came time for the family to come, they had to come to Sterling by train and there was no train service to Wing. In 1910 the family packed up their belongings and started the journey to Wing, From Sterling the only means of transportation for the family and belongings was an open Ford, which in those days was very unpredictable transportation. When they came to a hill, the four girls had to get out and walk up the hill, then they could ride down the hill, until they came to the next one. This was slow going as the road was a trail and the country was very "hilly". The Boss family moved to Bismarck in 1923. Later Mr. Boss managed a store in Iron Mountain, Michigan for 5 years, but came back to Bismarck. Mrs. Boss died in 1932 and John died In 1938. Both are buried in a Bismarck Cemetery. CHILDREN: HUGH — passed away in childhood. EDWIN — was in the service, passed away and is buried in Norfolk, Virginia ELIZABETH — married Lester Knowles, deceased. Lester was the first mail carrier out of Wing Post Office. He would alternate north and south routes. He managed a Standard Oil Bulk station for 12-g- years and helped in the Great Western Elevator. He became Postmaster in 1934, and was postmaster for 27 years. Lester (Babe) died in i960. Elizabeth, known affectionately as "Lizzie" worked as a clerk in the Sachs store and the Wing Mercantile Co. She boarded teachers and school children in her home for many years. She was appointed Clear Clerk in the Post Office in i960 and served in that capacity for more than 24 years. She was acting Postmaster after i960 until her retirement in 1961. On December 10, 1961, a retirement party was held in her honor. She is now living in Wing, in her home which was built by Mr. Stratton. Leonard, son of Lester and Elizabeth passed away. KATHERINE (Mamie) — married Smith, is now living in Bismarck. NINA — deceased, married Adin Mutchler (deceased) lived in California EDNA — taught school for many years in the area and in Bismarck. After marriage to Cecil Dowell ,she moved to Billings, Montana. HOMER — deceased. Related by: Elizabeth Boss Knowles

-173- HUBERT CHARI.ES EDGERTON Hubert Edgerton was born in Spring Valley, Minnesota on March 29, 1879° He attended grade school, high school and college in Spring Valley. He worked for the Great Western Grain Company as a buyer in Canada, Turtle Lake, North Dakota and Wilton, North Dakota. He married Kathym Wiese in Wilton, North Dakota on March 2, 1910. Mrs. Edgerton attended grade school and high school in Ft. Dodge, Iowa, and nurses' training in Chicago, graduating on November 10, 1906. She worked for the Quain and Ramstad Clinic in Bismarck until moving to Wilton to manage a hospital for a local doctor. She was the first licensed woman mortician in North Dakota. In 1914, J-hey moved to Wing, North Dakota, becoming a partner in the Wing Mercantile Company. Mr. Edgerton was a member of the Woodmen of the World Lodge in Wing, and both Mr. and Mrs. Edgerton were members of the Congregational Church of Wing. Mrs. Edgerton died in October 1946, and Mr. Edgerton died in July, I966. A son, Hubert Clyde Edgerton, attended grade and high school in Wing, graduated from the University of North Dakota and was in school administration in North Dakota for eighteen years. He is now Assistant Manager' of Taylor Audio-Visua;, Inc., Huron, South Dakota, where he resides. He is married to the former Bernice Glanville. They have three daughters.

Submitted by: Hubert Clyde Edgerton

JONATHAN (BEANY) & FRANCES GLANVILLE

The Glanville family came from Illinois. They came to Iowa and settled there for a time. Jonathan and Frances were parents of eleven children. The majority of these children were born in Iowa and Kansas. In the early 1900s the Glanvilles began emigrating to North Dakota. John (Jack) , Emerson (Em), Albert (Bert) and Jennie, who came a little later. Jonathan Glanville and Frances were one of the first settlers in Wing. They built the house which later was bought by Art Kopplin and is at present the property of Armin Heidt. CHILDREN: of Jonathan and Frances JOHN (Jack) — married Anna Belle Pailing. When Jack and Belle married and moved to North Dakota, in 1904, Rose, Jane and Walter Palling came, too, but a little later. Belle and Jack settled north of Wing, near Goodrich. Belle Glanville often told of the lonely days she had the first years on the homestead, the terrible fear of prairie fires. When Jack went to Wilton, to get loads of coal, Belle would sit on the sod shack with her dog and rifle and watch him go. Then two days later she would do the same, watching for his return. Belle delivered mail by horse-back from the Stark Post Office to the earlier settlers. She loved high spieited horses. Belle and Jack moved to Wing in 1918. They built the house that has been moved to the Fischer farm, west of Wing. It was moved from the corner lot next to the Kopplin house. Jack operated a garage and service station, in Wing for forty years. He was substitute mail carrier for Clyde Harvey and John Harty. He held many positions on local school and town boards.

-174- Children of Jack and Belle: Feme - married Bert Olson, deceased. Feme has taught school for many years in Burleigh County and other counties. At present she teaches in the Fairmount, North Dakota school Gail - the oldest, married Ben Boss. They live in Spokane, Wash. 3 children: Beverly, Robert and Donald. Irvin - married Dorothy Wahl. Irvin and Dorothy lived on the Em Glanville farm for a time, but now live in Wing. They have 5 boys: Irvin,Jr. , Douglas, Brian, Sheldon(deceased) and Scott. JENNY — married Cal Newman. Moved to North Dakota in 1925, with their 2 sons, Roy and Walter (Swede). They settled north of Wing, near Jonathan Glanville's farm. They lived on the Old Blake farm, for some time, and later on the Jack Glanville farm and several others before moving to Wing, where they lived until 1920. Jenny and Cal moved to Brainerd, Minnesota in 1920. Both Cal and Jenny have passed away. Children: Walter—(Swede) married Bertha Wilkinson, March 4, 1920. They moved to Brainerd, Minn, in April 2 children: LaVona and Dale Roy—married Jane Cook, in Oct. 1920. They moved to Brainerd the next spring. Roy carried mail in Wing,after his discharge from the army (World War I) Four Children: Robert, Wallace, Jack and Jerry. Roy is deceased. Jane lives in Brainerd. Newmans submitted by: Bertha Wilkinson Newman BILL — Bill never lived in the Wing area. His son Howard settled in Wing and operated several businesses out of Wing,; trucking, Gas station, Cafe and bar. married Agnes Wilkinson. 2 children: Bernice-married Clyde Edgerton and Lois-deceased. Howard has passed away and Agnes lives in Wing. Other children of Bill Glanville: Virgil, Floyd and Shirley FRANK — worked in this area, but did not live here. ROSE — married Eugene Campion, they had four children. After Rose and 2 children died, Eugene married Flora Glanville. EMERSON (Em) — married Rose Palling, Homesteaded north of Wing, in Florence Lake township. No children. Both deceased. FLORA —married Eugene Campion after the death of Rose. They had nine children. Operated the Ford Garage at Willow City, N. Dak, LEE — married Winifred Halvor. After the death of Winifred, Lee married Mabel HalvorQ Lee and Winifred had 2 children; Robert & Ray Lee ran the depot at Van Hook. Lee is deceased. BECK — Never lived in this area. PEARL — married Pete Reed, They had two children.

Submitted by: Feme Glanville Olson

BYRON W. GRAHAM B. W. Graham was born in Janesville, Minnesota. His parents were early pioneers in the southern Minnesota area. He came to Burleigh County, to McKenzie, North Dakota in 1918. He lived at McKenzie until 1923 when he moved to Wing. Abigail Crumm was the daughter of Mr. ,And Mrs. C. E. Crumm, of McKenzie. The CRumms had been early settlers in the McKenzie area. Abigail was a teacher' in Burleigh County schools, Byron and Abigail were united in marriage July 24, 1920. They lived for a short time in McKenzie and then returned to southern -175- Minnesota for a while, where B. W. worked for a meat packing firm as salesman,, He became associated with the Wing Mercantile Qompany in 1923 and was in charge of the grocery department. Mr. Graham was active in civic affairs, a member of the school and town boards, president of the board and chairman of the town council. Mr. Graham will possibly be best remember for the "Wing Reporter" a printed news sheet which he edited as part of the advertising of the Wing Merc. Co. He was a member of the Masonic Blue Lodge at Janesville, Minnesota and the Bismsrck-Mandan Scottish Rites. He was appointed postmaster in Wing, North Dakota October 16, 1929. He served in that capacity for four years. Then he returned to the grocery department of The Wing Merc. In 1892, Mr. Graham was married to May Cummings of Minnesota. There were three children of this marriage. Byron and Abigail had one son. Abigail Graham died in 1929 or 30. B. W. Graham passed away in 1951° He is buried in Janesville, Minn. Children: First marriage. FAITH — Mrs. Steven Lamm, lived in Seattle, but moved back to Mankato Three children PHYLLIS — Mrs. Merle Kimball, Lived in St. Paul, now at Northiield. Three children JANICE — Mrs. George Rice, one son. Second marriage JACK YAGER — Lives in Antigo,Wisconsin is a Potato Broker.

JOHN HARTY FAMILY

John Harty was the son of Patrick and Kathryn Harty of Jackson, Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Harty came to North Dakota from Nebraska in 1904° They settled on a farm three miles north of Bowden, North Dakota, then homes­ teaded in the Twin Lakes area, north of Arena and east of Wing. Inez Follemsbee was bom in Martel, Wisconsin. John Harty and Inez were married May 9, 1918 in Pingree, N. Dak. John had a mail route out of Arena for about six months, then was transferred to Wing. The John Hartys moved to Wing in 1921, when John took over the south mail route out of Wing. The Hartys were of the Catholic Faith. John died in Wing in 1959° Inez went to live in Jamestown. She died in Jamestown in 1970. CHILDREN: HELEN — was married to Aaron Jones in 1942. Had a daughter. Aaron was killed in World War II in France in 1944° The daughter Janet was born in 1944 and died in 1947° Helen married Ben Rieser in i960 amd lives at Washburn. (Born 1919) BERNADINE — bom 1920, married Benjamin Webber in 1941, 4 children: Johanna-married Curtis Groth, 2 boys: Stephen and Michael and a girl Stephanie, live in Minneapolis. Charlene-married Richard Siebelest, living in Las Alamos, N. Mex. Michael - married Ilia Raroux of Jamestown and living in Dayton, Ohio. 3 boys: David, Joseph, and Matthew. Debbora Jean — married Larry Janes and living in Jamestown, N. Dak. FRANCIS — born 1921, died in the Infantry in World War II, in 1944 in Saipan. The American Legion Post of Wing is named in his honor, The Francis J. Harty Post. LUCILLE — died in infancy. VERNA MAE — died in infancy. Submitted by: Bernadine Harty Webber -176- ALEX AND LETTIE HILL

Alex Hill was born and raised in Hesper, Minnesota. Later he moved to Chetck, Wisconsin, when he went to the upper grades in school. In the early nineteen hundreds he and his parents came to North Dakota. Alex and his parents, both homesteaded at South Viking, out of Sheyenne, North Dakota. Lettie Freeman was born in Hesper, Iowa. She homesteaded at Hesper, North Dakota. Alex and Lettie were married in 1901. They lived in a ,sod house on Lettie's claim. Here Viola, Evelyn, Norval, Doris and Neal were born. As they continued to farm, they moved into aconcrete house, where Earl and Orella were bom. As farming got tough, Alex started to buy grain for the Great Western Elevator at Hesper, North Dakota. Then in 1917, the family moved to Wing, North Dakota, where Alex bought grain for the Great Western, then the Farmers Elevator. Neal was killed in the elevator in 1918. Alex was on the school board and very active in community affairs in Hesper and in Wing. In 1924, the family moved to Heaton and from there to other places in North Dakota. In 1929, Nr. and Mrs. Hill moved to Portland, Oregon, where Mrs, Hill died in 1950. Mr. Hill died in Long Beach, California, while at Viola's, in 1952, CHILDREN: VIOLA — married Omar Tice, both deceased EVELYN —married Alfred Larson 9deceased). 3 children,Erma, Lorna and richard, Evelyn lives in Bismarck, NORVAL — married Christina Bossert—also lives in Bismarck. DORIS —married Vitalus Johnson and lives in Gladstone, Oregon NEAL — deceased EARL — deceased ORELLA — deceased Submitted by: Evelyn Hill Larson

GRANT HUBBELL FAMILY

Grant Allen Hubbell was born in Minnesota on a farm located in the western part of the s'tate. He married Loretta Jane Butler of Waterloo, Iowa and soon after the marriage moved to Wilton, North Dakota. This was early in 1900. His first employment in North Dakota was as a coal miner in Wilton. Following that he homesteaded in Grass Lake Township. The family moved to Wing, North Dakota in 1912. Mr. Hubbell at that time started in Wing as a grain buyer, this was before the elevator was built. He also became the first manager of the McKenzie Mercantile co. Soon after the counding of the store a Bank was added, which he managed. Some years later, a partnership, was formed of Kopplin, Anderson, Edgerton and Hubbell, who then owned the Store and Bank. The store was then called The Wing Mercantile Company. Loretta Hubbell, wife of Grant, died in 1914, leaving her husband and three children. At that time Mr. and Mrs. Edgerton came to Wing. Mr. Edgerton joined the firm and Mrs. Edgerton looked after the Hubbell family. In 1917, Grant Hiibbell mattied Agnes Brom, who worked at the Bank. While living in Wing, Mr. Hubbell and family were active in the activities of the community. Mr. Hubbell was a member of the Congregational Church, and served on the church board and in the Sunday School. Grant served on the

-177- school board and was a Captain In the Home Guard during the First World War. The Hubbells moved from Wing to Glen Ullin, North Dagota, in 1923, having sold their interests in the Wing Mercantile Co. to Arthur Kopplin. After a business adventure in Shields, North Dakota, Grant Hubbell moved to Eagle Point, Oregon and was engaged in a motel business. He died there in Dec. 1957° Agnes lived there until her death in 1967° CHILDREN: First Marriage

WILLARD BUTLER — born August 1906, first son was bom in Grass Lake twp0 Is living in Santa Rosa, CAlifornia, retired as a Regional Executive of the Boy Scouts of America after forty years service. He also served during World War II in the U.S, Navy with rank of Commander. ELBERT D, — born Nov. 1908, born in Grass Lake Twp., living in Topping, Virginia, retired after serving in various departments of the government, the last of which was head civilian engineer for Public Works at the Naval Academy. FLORENCE — born in 1914 in Wing, married Dan Gehring, living in Denhoff, N„ Dak. Retired after teaching for many years. Her husband has been a very successful farmer. They have lived in Denhoff all of their married life. Second marriage ELLEN MAY — born in Wing, married Carl Wutzke, living in Elgin, N.Dak. She continues to work for the Elgin Clinic. Her husband is in the construction business. DOROTHY — born in Wing, married Selto, living in Tacoma, Washington. Her husband, Frank, has had a distinguished career in the military service and has retired to work with his wife in a College Branch attached to the Military Base. GRANT,Jr. — living in Manhattan^ .bom.in Glen Ullin, North Dakota Grant is employed as a project Engineer in and for TRW. TRW is an electronic firm. Submitted by: Florence Hubbell Gehring

GEORGE KAVONIUS George Kavonius was born in Helsinki, Finland, January 24, 1882. Hilda (Visuri) was born in Ylivieska, Finland. George and Hilda were married in Bismarck in 1915° They farmed six miles south of Wing from 1915 to 1927. The family moved to Wing in 1927. George was a painter and many of the building in the vicinity felt the swish of his brush in protection of the wood. He was the janitor at the Wing school for quite a number of year. Mr. Kavonius played in the country band. He and his brother, Oscar, spoke a fluent Swede, and often on the country telephone, they spoke Swede and ' rubber-necks' could not understand what they were saying. He drove a Model-T Sedan for many years, and with his large family it was quite full. The family moved to Bismarci in 1939° George died there in Jan. I948. Mrs. Kavonius died in Bismarck, May 7, 1968. CHILDREN: GERTRUDE -^/Irs, Raymond Josephson HENRY — Portland, Oregon ELSA — Mrs. Evan Lips, Bismarck WILLIAM — Waupun, Wisconsin EINO J. — St.Paul, Minnesota

178- ARNIE — Portland, Oregon ELMA — Bismarck ELNA — Bismarck INA — Mrs. Richard Veal, Bismarck HELEN — Bismarck. Submitted by Ludia Lehto Liuska

HARRY AND ROSE KNOWLES

Ear Eno jles ld Rose Emraa i^ H " , f AT Rowlings were married in Spencer, Iowa in 1886 They moved to North Dakota in 1902. That same year the tees and the Mclntyres came to the area. They homesteaded in Phoenix Township. When they came to this area they had to come to Goodrich, as ther was no Wing. There being;no school for the children to attend, the family moved to ¥l?;to* ^he winter where, William, Carl, Lester and Byron could attend school. The family left the farm to move to Wing in 1911, though, there was not a town or railroad here at that time. The boys and Harry worked on the railroad which was being built east of Wing. Rose Knowles had a boarding house and Harry ran the Livery Stable, in partnership with a Mr. _ Rose Knowles was a friedn and good neighbor to all. She was the first in the area to have been called for emergency midwife duties. I have been assured that many of the pioneer women were called to that service at some time. Harry Knowles has been remembered for his concern for children If the day was stormy, he hitched the horses to the dray or a sled and gathered up all the children to take to school and would come to get them again when the school day ended. He had a dray service for many, many years. Many area children learned to ride on the horses he kept in his stables. Harry and Rose were some of the founders of Wing. Harry helped to locate the townsite, when the Northern Pacific branch railroad came Harry was bom in Cedar Falls, Iowa and grew up in Smithland, Iowa. Originally the Knowles family had come from the State of Maine Harry was typical of the New England story, or tall tale teller. At°one time when asked by a visiter to Wing, "How long have you lived here-"' He reolied pointing to a land mark called Haystack Butte, "See that butte'over there? ' That was just a pimple on the horizon when I came here." Come the first snowfalls there were always sleigh rides ^Jfte\th/ Kn?WlSS bSUght 2Ut Mr' Cottons ^are, they operated the livery stable and dray line. Since Harry also1 , contracted for road work, often the

To attest to Harry's "gift of gab" or long windedness an excemt from THE WING STATESMAN, of August 2, 1917; ' m excerPt ' The Standard Oil Company has seen fit to change their a^ent at +M «, ^ HrL*??Wle5 n0t n°W be±nS J°hn D'S -epre"eSntat?ve. " *a-E_B?_si^^ rrbit^-not in the oii MS Mr. Knowles with his mouth, and the ol! llnl,7r^ ° V* "wa^s advisable** , They entered into a race for talking^ b^tlarry IZ^UIV^

-179- Rose and Harry Knowles celebrated their 50th Wedding Anniversary In 1939. Harry died in 1946. Rose Knowles celebrated her 86th birthday before she died in 1956. CHILDREN: LEO —- died in infancy WILLIAM — married Mabel Olson, both deceased. CARL — married Clara Lutgens, both deceased, LESTER — married Wlizabeth Boss. Lester died, Elizabeth lives in Wing. BYRON — married Mabel Peterson, both deceased, had moved to Renton,Wash. JOHN — married Maud Chenoweth, no children live in Escondida, Calif. GENEIEVE —deceased, married Ebb Cleveland, 2 children: Harry & Jeanine MARGARET — married Gordon Larson, living in Bismarck.

Related by: Elizabeth Boss Knowles Margaret Knowles Larson

ARTHUR E. KOPPLIN

Arthur E, Kopplin came to Wing, North Dakota, from Sargeant, Minnesota, in 1914° He and several others became the owners of the Wing Mercantile Co, This was pretty rough and raw country at that time. He married Cora Christgau in about 1917, in Minnesota. They lived in Wing, North Dakota, in what was the Jonathan Glanville house, until about 1950, when they retired and spent the winters in Arizona. The Wing Merc sold out to Leins at that time. They had no children. They were very active in the community life of Wing. They were very interested in all the events that came to the Wing Community. Art was Village treasurer for many years. Mrs. Cora Kopplin died in an auto accident about 8 miles east of Bismarck, NOrth Dakota, in 1952. Arthur Kopplin passed away in Minnesota in 1959°

Submitted by: Don Kopplin

CONSTANT (CON) KOPPLIN

Constant Paul Kopplin brought his family from Sargeant, Minnesota to the city of Wing , North Dakota in January of 1916. He became a partner in the Wing Mercantile Company. My first two years of school were in Wing. We lived in Wing for about two years. My father bought a mercantile business at Tuttle in 1918. We enjoyed the years we had in Wing. Other partners in the Wing Merc were; Grant Hubbell, George Anderson, Byron Graham and H. C . Edgerton. So, we moved the 14 miles to Tuttle, and there we were able to keep track of what was going on in the Wing area. Con Kopplin married Alyce Luverne Peterson in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1906. There were four children, two living: Celia, married Roy Stewart, living in Los Angeles, California and Don of Bismarck, North Dakota, married to Jean Volk. Con Kopplin passed away in October 1951, while duck hunting. Alyce Kopplin passed away in Los Angeles, in May 1965. Submitted by: Don Kopplin -180- THOMAS AND CORA KIMBRELL

Thomas Kimbrell was bom in Kentucky in 1865. Cora Britton was born in Miami, Oklahoma, the daughter of a minister. They were married in Kansas City, Missouri, but lived in Glenwood, Missouri until they moved to Wing, North Dakota, in 1912, with their six children. The family lived on a farmstead a short distance out of Wing, and Mr, Kimbrell rode horseback into town where he operated a blacksmith shop. Their children were: Effie, Anna, Bessie, Blanche, John and Fred. In November 1912, Anna married Fred Huguet, who came to the Wing area from Iowa with his brother, George, and Effie married John Hanson at a double wedding ceremony in Bismarck. Anna and Fred Huguet lived in Rockhill and Richmond townships, until they moved to Guthrie Center, Iowa in 1926. Anna was fatally burned in an explosion a few years later, leaving four children. Bessie died early in the year 1913. Her father, Thomas Kimbrell died later in the same year of an apparent heart attack, at home. Both are buried in the Wing Cemetery, Mrs. Cora Kimbrell moved into Wing with her three youngest children and lived between the George Anderson and Livingston families. Some years later she married Olaf Hanson. They moved to Brainerd, Minnesota, when Olag was transferred by the railroad in 1920. They remained in Brainerd. Olaf died inl947, Cora died in 1952. Both are buried at Brainerd. Blanche Kimbrell Martin taught school most of her adult life and died at Staples, Minnesota in 1957, leaving one daughter. Fred Kimbrell worked in theatres as a young man, starting as a movie projector operator. He was a golf and big game hunting enthusiast and was last known to be living in Vancouver, Washington. John Kimbrell started in the hotel business as a desk clerk when he finished high school. He worked in hotel management positions in Chicago, Illinois for many years after marrying Theodora Yeaton in Rapid City, South Dakota, in 1928, He was in the banking business in Chicago, Illinois and Muskegan, Michigan for a few years and then returned to hotel managing in Chicago, He moved to Kansas City, Missouri after becoming associated with a hotel chain. He worked in management and traveled in a supervisory capacity in many southern and western states. One of the highlights of his career was in Denver, Colorado, where he managed the Park Lane Hotel. The Park Lane was well knnwn as the entertainment center for Denver at that time. George Goebel, as well as most of the other well known entertainers of the 1950's and 1960's perform­ ed in their showroom, 'The Top of the Park'. John retired from the hotel business in 1971 and now manage a housing complex in Kansas City, Missouri, He has two sons in Kansas City and a daughter in St. Louis.

Submitted by: Thelma Hanson Lein

BEN LAWYER Ben Lawyer was born in Congerville, Illinois, March 30, I894. He came to North Dakota sometime before 1914, and worked as a farm hand around Bismarck and Baldwin. He married Edith Grace Hooper in the First Presbyterian Church in Bismarck, on April 14, 1915° Fred Lawyer and Vesta Hubbell were attendants. Reverend Meyer officiated. I'm reasonably sure he was living in Baldwin, or near there, at the time that their son, Howard was born. Jane , also, was born in Baldwin,

-181- in April of 1917. Mr. Lawyer was Agent for the.Soo Line Railroad in Baldwin before his marriage. Wes was was born in Bismarck, but while they were living in Baldwin. He was born November 22, 1918. Mr. Lawyer worked in the Bank in Wing during the years he was there. It might possibly be of interest that Mrs. Edith Lawyer was born in Crofte townsmip, the first white child bom in that township. Both Mr. and Mrs. Amos Hooper were born in Tara, Ontaria, Canada, and Mr. Hooper moved to North Dakota from there in 1889 and returned to Tara in 1890 to be married to Mary Alice Cruickshank and brought her back to N. Dak. where they lived in Crofte town­ ship until 1916, when they returned to Canada. Mr. Lawyer was a vice=president of the First National Bank in Bismarck when he died August 4, 1957° Mrs. Edith Lawyer died in Bismarck in June, i960. The Lawyers had three children: . Howard, Jane and Wes (lesley).

Submitted by: Wes Lawyer

MR. & MRS. JOHN MARTIN LEIN

John M. Lein was six years old when his parents made the long journey from Norway to America, in I865, settling near Hesper, Iowa. Sereana Lein, nee Strinmoen, immigrated from her birthplace at Trondjhem, Norway when she was six years old. Both families settled near Hesper, where John and Sereanna grew up and married there in 1880. They made their first home at Hesper, later moving to Mable, Minnesota, from where they came to Burleigh County, North Dakota, to homestead in 1906o They settled in what is known as Lein Township where the family ran a store, post office and blacksmith shop. The township is named after the Lein family. Coming with them were six of their children: Olaf, Melia (Mrs. Charles Newsomer), Melvin, Clara (Mrs. Homer Nelson), Carl and Bennie. Three years later Sophus made his arrival, the only child born in North Dakota. In 1925, John left Lein township and moved with three sons to Regan, North Dakota, where- they operated a blacksmith shop and garage. In 1932, John and his youngest son, Sophus,. moved to Wing and operated the blacksmith shop there. Soon, after moving to Wing, John was elected Burleigh County Commissioner and held that job until his health failed. Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Lein were very active in church and community affairs, especially in the Lein township area, both were good musicians and had excellent singing voices. John served on school and township boards as well as the board of Zion Lutheran Church located in Lein Township. Mr. Lein suffered a stroke on the Main Street of Wing and died shortly after, on July 14, 1943. Mrs. Lein died on July 17, 1951. Both are buried in the Wing Cemetery. Submitted by Ray M. Lein

MR. & MRS. JAMES OLAF LEIN Olaf Lein, at the age of 18, came to Lein township, north of Driscoll with his pioneer parents, the J. M. Leins in 1905° He was bom at Hesper, Iowa, where he received his schooling as well as at Mable, Minnesota. Lein Township was named after his family, who operated a blacksmith shop and post office there.

-182- He married Ovidia Dyrland, who had come to North Dakota with her parents, the Ross Dyrlands as an infant in 1893, and settled south of Arena, at what is known as the Gulch. Olaf and Ovidia were married in Bismarck, in 1912. Ovidia had been born in Cresco, Iowa in 1892. Following their marriage they moved to Regan where they farmed until 1923, then moved into town where they were in business until 1925. They, then moved to Parshall. One year later, Olaf took over the management of a store in Roseglen and the family moved there, for one year before moving to Wing in 1928. In Wing, Olaf operated a meat market, then added a store, and finally changed it all into a locker plant. . In 1946, when his son Ray came back from the army, he and Ray purchased the Wing Mercantile Company. Olaf and Ray operated this store together until 1954, when father sold out to son. The younger son, Lindy, took over the Locker plant on his return from army duty in 1947° Ray and Lindy are still operating their respective businesses in Wing, where Lindy is also serving as Mayor, DAughter Gladys (Mrs. Earl Harvey) lives in Waukegan, Illinois, where she is a retired department head in the Naval Library. Shirley,(Mrs. Will Tracy) lives in Bismarck. The oldest daughter, Helen, passed away at the age of 20 years in 1934. In 1946, Olaf Leins moved to Bismarck, but kept their social and church and business contacts in Wing for many years thereafter. Olaf died of a heart attack, March 15, i960, and Ovidia Lein followed him on April 11, 1967. They are buried in Sunset Memorial Cemetery in Bismarck. Submitted by: Ray M. Lein

JOHN MUELLER FAMILY John Mueller was born to Jacob and Elizabeth Mueller inBessarabien, South Russia in I883. In I885 They came to the United States and settled near Goodrich, North Dakota. Marie Weber was bom in Bessarabien, South Russia to Jacob and Katherine Weber, in I887. She came to America with her parents in 1902 and settled south of Goodrich. In 1906, John and Marie were united in marriage. They lived on a farm south of Goodrich, until the fall of 1911, when they moved to St. John, Oregon. They were in Oregon until the spring of 1914° They, then moved back to North Dakota and settled in Wing. They left Oregon because of John's gealth. John and.Marie built a home in Wing. This was sold and moved to the Vernon Johns farm , Regan, N. Dak. The Muellers then remodeled the first schoolhouse in Wing. They lived in this(schoolhouse) until 1941, when they moved to California. Carl Berg presently lives in the remodeled School. Mr. Mueller had the first shoe and harness shop in Wing. He was a crean buyer and had a grocery store. He sold his store to the Kremenetsky Bros, of Tuttle in 1926. Later.he operated a bar, Marie Mueller died in 1943, and John died in 1954, both in California. CHILDREN Of 16 children 15 are still living. ELLA — living in Sacramento, California EDA — Carrington, North Dakota, Married Sam Laschkewitch CLAjyv — married Ralph Jacobson, Vancouver, Washington HAROLD —married Rose Rohrer, Rio Linda, California JOHN — married Florence Berg, Camas, Washington LILLIAN — married Albert Zelmer, San Jose, California MARTHA — Marysville, California KATHERINE — Magolia, California ANNA MARIE — in San Anselmo, California

-183- ELIZABETH — Sacramento, California BERTHA —Sunnyvale, California IRENE —Auburn, California LAMETA MAE — Dallas, Texas BERNARD — (Twin, the other twin, Bennard, died in infancy) Maryland

Submitted by: Eda Mueller Laschkewitch

OLE A, OLSON

Ole A, Olson was the son of Ole and Maret Olson. He was born in Hell, Norway. The family was enroute to a new home, Meraker, Norway, when there was an emergency stop-over for the arrival of young Ole. He came to the United States at the age of 11 years, in 1903., with his parents and brothers and sisters. After the arrival of the family in Canfield township, Ole went to work for L. H. Ong,.at the age of 14, he was herding sheep for the Ong RAnch. Amanda Jacobson was the daughter of Berdines Jacobson and Marie Myra, early settlers in the SW Kidder county area and in Langedahl area, south of Arena. Ole and Amanda lived on farms in Regan and Robinson areas. He operated a ranch for Patterson Land Co. at Pettibone, worked for the State Highway Dept. and as a miner of coal in Wilton. Durong World War II, he went west to work in the ship yards. But farming was in his blood, and when the work on ships was completed he moved back to the Wing area. The home of Rose and Em Galnville was moved into town and it was the home of the Olsona. Ole was janitor at the Wing School for quite a number of years. Amanda died in 1953, and is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Bismarck. In 1955, Ole married Emma Weber, teacher in the Wing School, and they continued to live in Wing, until ole's death in 1970. He is buried in Fairview Cemetery, also. CHILDREN: of Ole and Amanda Olson MABEL — married.James Sedivec,deceased, children: Wayne-married Janice Dagmar. Wayne is in education field, Janice works at Concordia College, 2 children: David and Douglas. Delbert: married Ardella Morlock. Live in Bismarck and Mandan. children: TAmmy, .Kevin, Kyle & Terry Married Paul Novy in 1951; 1 daughter-Paulette, BERTRUM —deceased, married Feme Galnville. Was in the education field as teacher and supt. He served in World War II, in Europe. He was active in'all community affairs whereever he lived, died in 1974° Feme is also in the education field, lives at Wahpeton. Children: Roberta-married David McCay. 2 children . Michael & Sara Lynn Russell-married Sharon Bogengrief, 2 children: Christopher and Thomas. WILLARD (Bill) — married Clara Weber, 4 children: Sharon, Dennis, Dale and Bruce The family farmed for a time south of Wing. Now live- in Wing. MARY JANE — marridd Ivan Legler, both deceased. 3 children: Paul, Iva Jean, and Dean. Ivan was a Navy career man and the family lived in many places. BEVERLY — deceased, married Melvin Swenson OPAL — deceased, married Charles Kindred. 1 child-Larry Compiled by: Emma Weber Olson -184- JOHN & MARY PAILING John Pailing came to Ventura, Iowa from the East coast. Mary Tronson came from Norway when she was 18 years old. Mary and John had both passed away before any of the children came to North Dakota. Anna Belle was the first of the Pailings to come to North Dakota, sometime before 1910. The others: Janie, Rose and Walter came shortly after that. Coming to N. Dak. they came to Goodrich or Denhoff as Wing was not yet established. CHILDREN: MARY —deceased, married Walter Smith, 1 daughter: Blanche ANNA BELLE— deceased, married J. B. Glanville, 3 children JANIE — deceased, married Herb Corey, deceased. ROSIE — deceased, married Em Glanville FLORRIE — deceased, married Floyd Grimes WALTER — deceased, married Slyvia Wilkinson, 3 children: Arlone- 1 daughter-Luella has 4 children. J-ehn DECEASED, Donald- 3 children Sandra, James and Michael

Submitted by: Sylvia Wilkinson Palling .(Bighous)

PIEPKORN' FAMILY The Piepkorns were from Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Charlie Piepkorn came to North Dakota in about 1900. He worked with the May threshing outfit. He married Lulu May. Amiel Pipkorn came to visit his brother and remained to take out a homestead. He married Ora May. The piepkorns homesteaded about a quarter of amile from the May place or Horseshoe Lake. Amiel and Ora lived there until 1913, when they moved into Wing with the children. The Piepkorns owned a Pool Hall and Cafe, until in 1926 when it burned, Amiel died in 1937, and is buried in the Wing Cemetery. Ora died in Long Beach, California in 1973° CHILDREN: EUGENE— Long Beach, California ETHEL — married Tollef Suby,deceased. One child: Donna Lou- married Peter Novy, have 3 children: Peter, Richard and Susan. Ethel is living in Bismarck. BERTHA — married Howard Peterson, lives in Long Beach, California JOHN (Jack) — Barstow, California EVERYL — married Bill Wittig, live in Glendive, Montana

GEORGE PIEPKORN George Piepkorn, brother of Amiel came to Wing in about 1914° He married Lucy Lutgens. George was elevator manager, town marshall and County Deputy Sheriff. He was killed in the line of duty in Wing, November 11, 1929. His family moved to California. Lucy is living in Stockton, California George is buried in the Wing Cemetery. CHILDREN: FOSTER —Bedford, Oregon CLEO — CLAUDE — Coalinga, California JUDY — Mrs. Edwin Bianchini 0 , ... , , Submitted by: Ethel Piepkorn Suby -185- FRED (DOC) SCALLON Fred Scallon came to North Dakota in 1913 and farmed with his brother, | Joe scallon. He was 10 years younger than his brother and still single. He ' was also born in Iowa. He farmed a short while with Joe Scallon and later met and married Helen Wilkinson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wilkinson. Fred went into business with Bob Wilkinson, in the Grocery and General Merchandise store on the comer in Wing. Later, Fred took over the store by himself. This store was originally Bob Wilkinson's older brother Tom's, who moved to. Fargo, N. Dak. Fred gave up the store and moved to Oregon in 1923. Fred and his wife, Helen! with their two daughters moved to a farm near Canby, Oregon. The daughters are Mary and Jeanette. Fred died on the farm in 1950. Helen is still living on the farm. Submitted by: Hallard Scallon

HENRY AND MARTHA SHIDLER Henry and Martha Shidler wer both born near Green Lake, Michigan. They were married in Grand Traverse County, Michigan, May 8, 1891. In 1911 they came to North Dakota and settled in Hurdsfield, then moved to Tuttle and in 1020, the Shidlers moved to Wing. Henry James Shidler worked on the section for the railroad. The family lived in Wing until 1922, when they moved to Wisconsin. CHILDREN: DAVID HENRY —deceased, married Regina Weber, 3 children-Robert, Michigan Mary Ellen-Archer,TExas and Elnora— Merril, Wis. CLAUDE — deceased, married Jinnette Hare at Minnewaukon, N. Dak. MARY —married John Kottke, Tuttle, N. Dak. Jack was a drayman for Harry Knowles for the time he was in Wing, N. Dak. NANCY — married Raymond R. Black, deceased, Butler, Perm. Henry James Shidler passed away, December 7, 1945 and Martha Elnora Shidler passed away, December 20, 1945° Both are buried in Tomahawk, Wisconsin

Submitted by: Regina Weteer Shidler

AXEL AND HENNIE SODER Axel Soder was born February 14, 1882, in Upsala, Sweden. He came to the United States in 1902 and settled in Wheaton, Minnesota. He later moved to Bismarck and then to Wing, North Dakota. He homesteaded north of Wing, (Lloyd Stroh now lives on this farm).September 8, 1906 he married Henhie Anderson, at Still, North Dakota. Hennie Anderson was born June 3, I878, at Strangnas, Sweden. She came to the United States in 1903° Later they moved to Wing where for a time they operated the Wing Hotel. They bought a house in Wing, (originally built by James Marek, barber in Wing for some time. The Soders raised and adopted daughter, Helen Axel Soder was president of the Soder Investment Co. of St. Paul, but always maintained his residence in Wing. He was the Mayor of Wing for 35 years. He took a keen interest in his municipal duties and seldom missed conventions of the League of N. Dak. Municipalities, often heading open forums for the smaller city's problems. -186- Another great interest of Axel's, was politics. He had been a county and state official of the Democratic party and at the time of his death was a member of the Burleigh County Welfare Board, Mr, Soder was immediate past president of the Bismarck Lions and also a member of the Elks, Masons and Shrine and a former Burleigh County Commissioner, The Soders were active members of the First Congregational Church of Wing, Death came to Axel, October 2, 1962, of a heart attack while he was introducing guests attending the 50th Anniversary Service of the Church, After Axel's death Mrs. Soder sold the home in Wing and moved to Bismarck. Later she went to live at the Baptist Home for the Aged in Bismarck. In 1971, she moved to Grapevine, Texas to be near her daughter, Helen, Mrs. Ray Miller). Hennie passed away at the age of 93, at Grapevine.

Submitted by: Mary Johnson Beymer (A niece of Hennie Soder)

JOHANN & CHRISTINA WEBER

Johann (John) Weber was bom in Klostitz, Bessarabien, South Russia, in 1969. At the age of 21, he began service in the Russian Army. He served in this army for eight years, and upon his discharge he held the rank equivalent to Master Sergeant, In January, 1899 he married Christina Keck. Christina was also from the same village of South Russia. Upon the birth of the first child, a boy, John said, "No son of mine shall serve in the Russian Army". So plans were made to come to the United States. It was not until after the virth of the first daughter, Lydia, two years later, that plans were completed to make the great adventure to the United States. The family arrived in Goodrich, North Dakota in 1902, and a homestead was staked out in Phoenix township, Burleigh County, North Dakota. A sod house was built, which served as the home for the duration of living on the farm. A bam, partly sod, and a sod blacksmith shop were also built. In this shop, 'blacksmith work' was done for the neighbors. The house had two rooms, the floor of the main room being of wood, but the other room had a dirt floor. By the time the children were old enough to go to school, a school had been started. The building was directly east of the Weber farm. Church was also held in this school, pastors from Goodrich serving the Lutheran Church, In the spring of 1912, the family moved to the Wing townsite, being one of the first families in town. The Harry Knowles family were neighbors in the country, and when the Webers moved to town, they discovered that the Harry Knowles family was again their neighbor, across the road. Mr. Weber was the first blacksmith m 'town', and he worked at that trade until his health fail­ ed. He made many wagon boxes for the farmers, sharpened many plow lays, and retired many wheels . ' Mrs. Christina Weber was the area midwife. Many mornings the children awoke to be told that Mother had been called to a home in the night. It is estimated that she delivered well over 500 babies during the time she was in the area. Mother was a capable woman and was often called on for help in emergencies, preparation for social affairs, and helping care for the ill. John Weber passed away at home in Wing, December 10, 1939 and is buried in the Wing Cemetery Christina Weber passed away in Parma, Ohio, October 26, 1950 and is buried in the Wing Cemetery. '

-187- CHILDREN: JOHN — married Minnie George, three children- John died in McMinnville, Oregon. LYDIA — married William Korchoff, deceased. Lydia lives in Sun City, Arizona REGINA — married Dave Shidler, deceased. 3 children, REgina lives in Tomahawk, Wisconsin, EMMA — married Ole A. Olson, dedeased, Emma worked in the Wing Merc. Co. She taught school in the Wing School for 26 years, 29 years i all Emma was treasurer of the City of Wing for 24 years, and is now Clerk of the Wing Public School Dist. , which position she has had for nearly 34 years. Retired and living in Wing. ROSE — married George Whitelock, deceased. Rose is living in Sun City, Arizona, MAGDELENA —(Maggie) married Sophus L. Lein, Living in Camas, Washington. 3 children^ Darrel, Ardith and Vaughn. CLARA — married Willard Olson, 4 children: Sharon—Redding, CAlif., Dennis- Bismarck, Dale- Patterson Ranch, Wing and Bruce- in Wing* Clara has taught school nearly 25 years and is at present teaching in the Wing School. Submitted by: Clara Weber Olson

OTHERS who lived in. Wing in the early days of the Town:

Andrew Mueller, worked in the Wing Mercantile Co. Served in World War I, married and moved to Indiana.

J. D. Yager and wife, Emma (Graham) came to Wing area about 1915° Jack was agent for the Boynton Land Company.

Noah and Lenora Collins were in the N.P. Depot for many years. Lenora was later appointed postmistress,

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RANCHING TRENDS By Michael Heidt Wing High School

Cattle ranches are bigger and run more efficiently today than they did a gen= eration ago. The two most important reasons for this are the modernization of equipment and better management. Thirty years ago the average ranch consisted of approximately sixty head of cattle. On this small scale the rancher dealt with all phases of the cattle in­ dustry. Today's rancher runs a specialized operation; he deals with a parti­ cular part of the industry. The modern North Dakota cattle ranch averages approx­ imately two hundred and fifty head of cows. It may be a cow-calf operation, a purebred operation, or strictly a stocker-feeder program. The modern rancher runs a more efficient ranch because he has only one part of the industry to maintain. The modern machinery has made it possible for today's rancher to do five times as much work as his father might have done in a single day. An important part of ranching has always been the making of hay. Thirth years ago hay was mowed (Continued on Page 195) -188- HI-LITES OF THE VILLAGE AND CITY OF WING

July, 1921 Engineer, T. R. Atkinson was paid $60.00 for some surveying. 1922 Tax Levy: $300.00 to poor; $500.00 for street; 4200.00 Gen Fund 1921 Trustees will see McCurdy to have some by-laws drawn up , Village Nov. 1921 The board will put on a nightwatchman to serve until such time as the Village Board sees fit to discontinue. Town marshall in charge of fire engine and to keep them charged to capacity at all times. Jan. 1922 Board to discontinue night watchman. 1923 Levy Proposed: General- $500.00; Street- $500.00; Poor-$200.00 Assessors paid salary of $45°00 1924 Levy Proposed: General $600.00; Street- $730.00; Poor- $200.00 1925 Levy Proposed: GEneral $ 600.00; Street- $300.00; Poor- $100.00 1926 Levy Proposed; General $500.00; Street- $200.00 Salary for Marshall $5.00 per month. May 1925 Application approved to hold public dances in the Farmers Union Elevator Hall by Ben McCloskey, for fee of $5°00 per year. Feb. 1925 The following homes were ordered quarentined by the Board because of Scarlet Fever: Geo, Anderson, E.E, See, Clyde Harvey, Oscar Boss, F„ Oswald, Viola Hagen, Amiel Piepkorn, J, J. Scallon, C. Lee, Fred Cumber, Carl Teppo, and Agnes Vashes May 1927 An election was held to build a village hall for the sum of $6,500.00. It carried 37 to 11. 5 of the 48 voters are still living: N. H. Collins, Agnes Glanville, Lillian See, Theresa Horner and Ben Boss 1928 Levy proposed: General $300.00; Street- $100.00 Nov. 1928 Board gave Otter Tail Power Co. poser permission to install light and power transmission system in Wing Dec. 1929 A special meeting was called and moved that the School Dist. be allowed to use the Wing Hall as emergency school for 6 months at a rate of $150.00, with the district to furnish all fuel and and lights, because the school burned to the ground. March 1931 Trustees and Clerk's fee to be reduced to $2,50 per meeting. July 1930 A judgement was throwed against the Village for $528,37 in favor of the Mandan Mercantile Co, for over assessment and the village had to pay- back. The Board spread a levy of 5 mills to each $100.00 valuation for the years of 1932-33 to retire the judgment. The first two liquor licenses were given to H. J. Glanville and Martha Dalbec for $250.00 per year on Dec. 11, 1936. One month later John Mueller was also given one. July 1937 Board approved to appoint Alice McCloskey as a lifeguard for Bast Pond for one month for $35,00 March 1938 Board agreed to purchase fire siren for $37.50. July 1940 Board agreed to buy 100 chairs for the city hall for $141,51 March 1945 J,0..Lein made application to permit him to install a slaughter house within the village. After discussion the board rejected his application. June 1947 A discussion was held at a board meeting about a water and sewer system for Wing, and to get an engineer to check it out. Dec. 1947 A price on the cost of a Water and Sewer was given to the board. It was considered too high a cost and too great a risk to proceed further with these plans, so the matter was dropped. Sept. 1954 Board passed that they purchase a used Fire Truck from Mandan for $500.00.

-189- Oct. 1957 The board met with Engineer, Ernie Stee, from Bismarck, concerning water and sewer. March 1958 Bids were let on a sewer system May 1958 The low bid from Koenig Bros. of Webster, S. Dak. was accepted for $44,981.05, for the city sewer system. April 1959 The board purchased the old B & B Implement building for an office and fire hall. April 1963 The board agreed to join in with the rural area and establish a Wing Rural Fire Protection !District . Nov. 1965 Board went ahead and or ganized a Water District Sept. 1970 A petition was turned in to the city board to start a garbage collection in Wing. June 1972 Garbage pick-up started Nov. 1974 Two new wells were drilled fo r the city water system.

OFFICERS OF THE VILLAGE & CITY OF WING

F. H. Scallon Mayor 1921, 1922 A. E. Kopplin Trustee 1921 Treasurer 1926, 27, 28, 29; 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 1942, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, and 48 B. F, Lawyer Trustee 1921 Geo. Anderson Clerk 1921, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 1930, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 1939, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 H. R. Corey Justice of '.Peac e 1921 J. A. Kohler Marshall 1922 Lester Knowles Assessor 1921, 1922 Marshall 1924 Assessor 1925, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 A. J. Carlson Treasurer 1921, 22, 23, 24, 25 Amiel Piepkorn Trustee 1922, 1925 Axel Soder Trustee 1922, 1926, 27, 28, 2S> , 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 Mayor 1923, 24, 25, 1935, 3t >, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 1942, 43, 44, 45, 49, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 55> , 60, 61. 62. John Mueller Justice 1922, 1928 Assessor 1934 G. A. Olgerson Justice 1923 R.W. Wilkinson Trustee 1923, 1924 H. A. Mutchler Trustee 1923, 24, 25. Charles Richter Assessor 1923, 1924 Justice 1923, 24 George Piepkorn Marshall 1923 Trustee 1930 Marshall 1925 Vinton Heaton App. Mar shall 1923 Justice 1925 B. W„ Graham Trustee 1924, 25, 1935, 36, 31' , 38, 39, 40, 41 Mayor 1926, 27, 28, 29. Ben McCloskey Justice 1924 Trustee 1931, 1933, 34 Mayor 1932 J. B. Glanville Trustee 1927, 27, 28, 29, 1935i , 36, 37, 38, 39 Mayor 1930, 31, 32, 33, 34 Roy Bond Marshal, 1, 1926, 1927 J. J. HOrner Justice 1926

-190- E. E„ See Justice 1927 Ole Anfinson Marshall 1928, 1929 George Wilkinson Treasurer 1930,31, 32, 33, 34, 35 Geo Kavonius Marshall 1930 T. H„ Suby Marshall I. F. Lytle Justice 1931, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 1934, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, Al Kusler Treasurer 1944, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 Elizabeth Knowles Assessor 1935, 1936 Ralph Jacobson Assessor 1937, 1938 A. L. Felton Marshall 1937, 1938 Trustee 1937 Mayor 1945, 1948 Byron Knowles Marshall 1946, 1947 Bill Brose Assessor 1938 Ole Olson Marshall 1939, 1940 Claude Smith Marshall 1939, 40, 41 Philip Mehlhoff Marshall 1941 Trustee 1941, 1942 Ebb Cleveland Marshall 1946 Ray Brooks Assessor 1942, 1943 Jim Novy Trustee 1942, 43, 44, 45, 46. Jake Heltemus Trustee 1940, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45° Jim Olson Marshall 19 A3, 1944 Louis Ambers Judge 1944 Marshall 1956 Alfred Seibel Marshall 1945 Ben Webber Clerk 1946 Melvin Ruhmann Trustee 1946, 1947 Paul Novy Marshall 1946, 1947 Pat Mclntyre Assessor 1947 Francis Dalbec Clerk 1947, 48, 49, 50o Les Rasmussen Clerk 1947, 48, 49, 50, 51° Ed Triebwasser Marshall 1951 52, 53, 54, Ernest Hirschkom Marshall 1948 Bert Olson Trustee 1948, 1949 Emma Weber Treasurer 1949, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54° Emma Olson Treasurer 1949, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 1955, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, George Nelson Marshall 1965, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 7.2. Art Kraft Trustee 1950, 51, H. G. Sorenson Judge 1950, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55° Alderman 1951, 1952 Clerk 1968, 69, 70 Frank Klein Judge 1970, 1971 Oscar Wietstock Assessor 1952 Marshall 1951, 52,53,54,55, 56, 57 Ray Lein Judge 1951, 52, 53, 54 H. J. McDonough Clerk 1953, 54, 55° 1954, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, Otto Brose Trustee 1964, 65. 1955, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, Alderman 1965, 66, 67 Tony Roll Marshall 1968, 69, 70, 71° Lindy L. Lein Trustee 1955, 56, 57, 58 Mayor 1956, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 1962, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 1972, 73, 74, 75, 76. -191- Walter Poppke Judge 1957 Harry Holden Assessor 1958, 59, 60, 61, 62m 63m 64m 65m 66m 67 1968, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74y 75, 76 Ap. Trustee 1962' Elmer Folmer Judge 1958, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 1968, 69, 70. Lawrence Schmidt Marshall 1958 Art Peterson Marshall 1958, 1959 Albert Rosneau Marshall 1959 Carl Berg Marshall 1959, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 Dennis Fossum Trustee 1963, 64, 65, 66, 67 Robert Gellner Clerk 1965, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 Walter Eckholm Trustee 1967 Alderman 1968, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 Frank Miller Alderman 1968, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 Bob Poppe Marshall 1969, 1970 A. J. Kraft Alderman 1970, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 , 76 Melvin Hanson Marshall 1970, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 Steve Knudson Marshall 1975, 1976 Henry Eckholm Clerk 1971, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76

Researched by: Lindy L . Lein

WING RURAL FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT and Ambulance Service During the early spring and summer of 1963, the rural people of the Wing, North Dakota area, as well as those living in the city of Wing, decided to organize a more adequate fire protection facility for city and rural fire protection of property. Petitions were.circulated among the effected tax payers and sufficient signatures were obtained to cause a board of directors to be elected at a public meeting held at Wing town hall. As a result of this election, a bank officer was present, by request, and an account was established, a mill levy was determined, and lots were purchased. Bids were let for a new fire truck, fully equipped, to meet State require­ ments. A fire chief and assistants were chosen. This, then is a condensed version of creating of the Wing Rural Fire Protection District. Approximately, 2 years after its creation it was determined the housing of the fire equipment was being kept in too, inadequate quarters. So, a new fire hall was contracted for and built just west of Lein's Super-Valu Store, on main street. This building can house the office, two fire trucks and one ambulance, plus sufficient space for fire fighting equipment. In March 1972, at the annual fire Dept. meeting, ti was determined by the members, and so ordered, that the directors explore the possibilities of purchasing a new ambulance for Wing and out-lying areas. In November 1973, a new ambulance was purchased and is now a part of the service of the Wing area. It can offer the public all units re radio equipped and are manned by dependable help. The Wing Fire Dept. at this time, June 1, 1976 is free of all indebtedness and has a safe operating bank account. One outstanding quality of the people fo the Wing Community must not be overlooked and that is the fine cooperative

-192- Manner and attitude, also, pride on the part of the members exhibited in the past and still is today, the willingness to work together to make things better for all of us. Researched by: Ray Hinkel, Sec. Treas. Wing Rural Fire Protection Dist.

MEMORABLE EVENTS AT WING Harry Landers, son of Hiram Landers Eventually, I replaced my father as manager of the lumber business in Wing. We lived in Widow Glanville's house on the west side of town. A memorable event burned into my memory, was the day of the whiskey-runners during the Prohibition Era. They had a stop-over and rest place in Wing, but soon the State was invaded by hi-jackers who ran down,shot and robbed the Whiskey- Runners. The State Legislature had to pass a law which co-ordinated all the sheriffs under the control of the States Attorney and legalized the stopping of suspect autos with warning shots. These hi-jackers had been using submachine guns, so the law started using their captures weapons against them. Many stores and banks in surrounding towns had been victimixed by burglary of goods and cash from the bank vaults. So, Wing prepared by hiring George Piepkorn as night watchman to prevent such action in Wing. George did not have to wait long. He was using the lumber yard office as a place to watch from, as it was very cold at that time. Not many mights after he went to work, he saw men cross the street to the front door of the Burleigh County State Bank (Formerly the German State Bank). After waiting a while, he slipped out of theoffice and lay down in the snow. He shouted, ordering them to come into the street with their hands over their heads. When his order drew no response, he fired a shot from his 45 semi-automatic pistol and got a quick response. Shots came from the front of both banks (the other being the Farmers State BAnk), This had George in a cross-fire, and a very dangerous situation. So he rolled over one way or another after each shot and escaped being hurt. Arrangements had been made for the telephone operator to call certain homes in such occurrence, where there were men ready with weapons to assist. However, the robbers had been smart enough to cut the wires at the telephone exchange, so she could call no one. Well, the intruders fled. All the noise of gunfire was too much for them. One of them dropped a good Fox double-barreled shotgun in the snow, and I found a hack saw. They also, left a hand bag with materials for blowing safes, and a map marked at towns where they had been successful and others not yet visited. One shot recrocheted from the frozen ground, through the side of a house and landed under the bed occupied by Ben Lawyer's mother.

THE LIBERTY BOND SALE Harry Landers This was a more thrilling event than the attempted robbery. It was the first Liberty Bond Sale of World War I, (the war to make the world safe for Democracy.) The meeting was to be held in the new consolidated school, where a temporary stage could be erected, complete with a real stage and roll-up curtain. But, what to do to make the drive a success at Wing? We talked of music; a band would be just right, but how many had had experience in band work? We counted noses and found several, and then we remembered that the Finns from south of Wing had reported a small band that was practicing together. They -193- would be glad to participate, they said, Harry Kessler had experience in band leadership. He volunteered to look around and get three patriotic pieces for a small band. But, all the music houses had long since sold out all the pat­ riotic music. Som Kessler sat up at his piano and dinged out the notes for three patriotic numbers. The next night we all gathered in an empty grain elevator in the west end of town, not to practice, but just to see that there would be no dissonant notes at the big meeting the next night. Harry found only two. Each of us softly played the scale, just once to reassure ourselves we could do it. This was to be a suprise and so far the secret had not been leaked. Only my father (Hiram Landers) knew of it and he was a little skeptical that the surprise could be kept. Father was to be the master of ceremonies. The next night we had to come to the school and enter by the back door^ after most of the crowd was inside. We made this hurdle but, had a little trouble arranging our chairs in the limited space. In the meantime, the audience was really getting impatient. They were yelling, clapping their hands ans stamping their feet. They wanted to get going. Well, the curtain started up as we blasted out the first notes of the Star Spangled Banner. There was no sound from the audience for a second or two, and I made a mistake of looking at them. I never saw so many open mouths at one time, in my life,then they cut loose with applause. They had discovered that Wing had a band. We just kept on playing our three pieces, knowing that our lips would soon swell and we would not be able to hit the notes wanted. That made no difference to the crowd. We were all proud of our successful surprise. Dad started the bond sale somewhat after the manner of an auctioneer. 0 do not remember those details, but I do recall that Wing "went over the top" in Victory Bond sales that night.

THE PRAIRIE FIRE

:— Harry Landers

Of course there are many more memories that remain with me, of my life at Wing and the events that took place there. There was one other event that I must mention as it involved us personally, the great prairie fire. It start­ ed near Washburn, April 9th, 1915, and traveled to Pingree, before nightfall. It passed the northern edge of our place about noon. The head fire was a ball of fire about 50, or possibly 60 feet high. It was preceded by a streak of fire, burning the grass with the heat of the fire. Of Course, the wind was terrific, and for that reason the fire travelled so far and so fast that day. We had about 300 head of cattle somewhere out there in the smoke, but we did so want to save the house and other buildings. Since, Homer and I could do literally nothing about the fire by ourselves, we went to work filling a wagon load of barrels, pails and anything that would water, praying all the while that help would come from town. Mother got so excited that she started out to the fire with her mop pail and mop, determined to stop that fire. We had to lead her home before convincing her that she could only lose her life. About that time we were overjoyed when three cars arrived from town, (Wing)Fsf eith the other men. They were happy to find the water ready, with pails, sacks etc. Father promptly told us to get the big rug off the front room floor. The idea was that it would be dragged across the fire, while water was poured on it, to keep it from burning. So it went until dark. Mother and Maude (Maude Lawyer) had eats ready for the tired hungry fire fighters. This day was to have been our (Maude & Harry) -194- wedding day, but Maude spent the evening making and baking biscuits, one oven full after the other. So, Maude and I went to Bismarck the next day to be married, but that is an­ other story. The young folks at Wing were all set to show us a good time. They were to take us to the jail in a two-wheeled cart, then I was to be jail­ ed for a while. We had surmised as much , so did not return to Wing for a couple of months. In May 1922, we departed for the West Coast. We had three years of hard sledding until we came to southern California, where I got a laboring job at a petroleum refinery. Here, I worked until my retirement, 3^z years, (Maude says that the man that drove us to Bismarck for our wedding, was Joe Kohler, You may remember him. He was a grain buyer at an elevator at Wing.) 3/1/76 Harry and Maude Landers 276 E. Plenty Street Long Beach, California

•X-X-tttttttttttttttttttttttt-X-X-tt (RANCHING from Page 188) with a horse drawing a five foot sickle bar. Some ranchers used a tractor to pull a horse mower, but this involved two people. The hay was then raked with a team of horses that would pull as much as a ten foot dump rake. After the hay was in windrows, it was loaded on a hay rack and unloaded by hand unto a stack. Another method of stacking was done in the field with the use of two horses on a hay bucker that pushed hay up to the stack, and with the use of three ropes and another horse,the hay was rolled unto the stack. In later years the method of using the Overshot Stacker gained popularity. This machine was drawn with horses, and by the use of pulleys abd pivot systems, the hay was lifted and dump- edunto the stack. By any of these methods no more than five stacks could be made in one day. The modern rancher uses swathers and nine foot mowers. Rakes range in size from 18 to 40 feet. There are efficient farmhands and stack frames as well as various types of self-stacking machines. Today's "good day in the hayfield" will yield 10 to 20 stacks of hay. The feeding or roughages to cattle today is relatively easy compared to what was done 30 years ago. In 1940 the hay was left out in the fields and hauled home in small wuantities as needed. This usually involved hitching a team of horses and hand unloading the amount brought home the previous day. Then a trip to the field was made and enough hay hand loaded and brought home for the follow­ ing day's feeding. Feeding a herd of one hundred cows was a ten hour job using this procedure. An important labor and time saving machine for the modern ranch­ er is the stack mover. This enables the rancher to move his hay from the fields to the feeding areas. With the use of modern tractors, farmhands, and feed- grinders a herd of 500 cows can be fed in one hour's time. The ranchers of today have more knowledge of the nutritional and medical needs of livestock, and this has led to higher percentages of calf crops and rates of gain in feeder cattle. The availability of antibiotics enable the rancher to control many of the diseases and sicknesses that killed cattle years ago. The danger of infections are easily controlled with the use of pen penicillin and terramucin. — Although the cattle industry still requires such hard work and dedication, the young man who would choose this career today will have an easier and more enjoy­ able time of it than his father did.

(Michael Heidt)

-195- HISTORY OF BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH Wing, N. Dak, 1908 -1976 On July 1, 1907, at the Lyman School, discussions began on the organ- izating of a Lutheran congregation in Burleigh County among the Finnish pop­ ulation. Leaders of this effort were Jacob Siirtola, John Pesonen, William Josephson, Alex Pihlaja, Kistaa Lehto, Abram Josephson, Oscar Pesonen, August Kangas, Adolph Paso, Fred Josephson, Hemming Siirtola, Andrew Niva, Victor Maki, Alex Eskeli, Emil Hill and Oscar Kavonius, The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church (Suomi Synod) by-laws were adopted and undersigned for the congregation on March 25, 1908 by Jacob Siirtola, President and Oscar Pesonen, Secretary. The Articles of Incorporation were filed on February 6, 1908 for the Congregation by Jacob Siirtola, Oscar Pesonen, Kustaa Lehto, Abram Josephson and William Josephson. Kustaa Lehto and Jacob Siirtola were elected to serve the church as lay preachers. Pastor Keranen served the Congregation for Savo, S. Dak. From 1914 to 1923, Pastor Keranen served one-third of each month. The first confirmation class was conducted by Pastor Keranen in 1907° The confirmands were Walter Pesonen, Hilda Josephson, Hilma Mulari and Nina Wallio. A Sunday School was begun in 1908. A number of children had been baptized by April, 1913, including Uuno, Aune, Urho, Alma, Frans and Amanda Braks, Sadie Josephson, Arvo and Vieno Koski, Aili and Walter Pihlaja, Stella and Mabel Maki and George, Sylvia, Vieno and Leonard Kavonius. The first Bible School was held in the summer of 1914, directed by Pastor Hugo Hillila. The first Luther League meeting was held at the Lehto School in October 1913 Other visiting pastore serving the group were Pastors Haapanen, Ronka, Samanen, Ilmonen, Rautalahti, Pantta and Dr, Wargelin and Dr. Saarnivaara. From the beginning, the members were determined to build a church struc­ ture as soon as possible, and contributions were given to a Building Fund. By November 1914, it was decided to start building a church, a few miles south of Wing. Funds totaling $2,709. were solicited, including a loan of $1,800. Total expenses were .$2,490. A corner-stone dedication was held in 1915 with Pastor Keranen officiating. It was dedicated to God's service in 1919° The Ladies Aid was officially organized in 1916. It had been active as a Sewing Circle since 1909° Pastors who served the Congregation in the following years were: Pastor G. Autio, 1924-1927; Pastor W. Tervo, 1927; Pastor G Autio, 1928-1930; Pastor V. Koivumaki, 1930-1938. Pastor Koivumaki preached the first English language sermon in 1930. In 1931 he organized a church choir. In 1937 a Bible Study group was organized by Dr. Haapanen, and was named "Betania Seura". From 1938 to 1940 several visiting pastors conducted services, Pasror J. Saarinen making most of the visits. Pastor Niskanen served from 1940 to 1942. -196- In 1942 the Congregation joined the Brainerd - New York Mills Conference of the Suomi Synod. Pastor R. Jalkonen served from 1943 to 1945° Pastor J. Saarinon served from 1946 to 1947, The first Lutheran worship services in the town of Wing began in 1932. They were held in the Wing Hotel by Pastor Zapf of McClusky; and a class of 11 confirmands were confirmed by him in 1932. Thr first regular services were conducted by Pastor Opie Rindahl of Bismarck, from 1935 to 1942, there being 49 baptisms and 40 confirmands in that period of time. Pastor Rindahl had been serving regularly at Canfield since early 1933 but dicontinued those services in order to form a larger Lutheran group in Wing, Services were held twice a month in the Congregational Church which was rented to the Lutherans, A Sunday School was organized with Mrs, L. Ambers as superintendent. The Wing Lutheran Ladies Aid was organized in 1940 with Mrs, Lucy Piepkorn as president. In 1942 Pastor Rindahl became Chaplin in the armed forces. Pastor C. C. Nelson of Washburn began to serve the Wing Lutherans. Pastor Fylling also served the group accaionally until the merger with the Finnish Lutheran Church in 1948, At an annual meeting in 1946 discussions began concerning the calling of a minister to regularly serve Wing and other Lutheran churches in the vicinity. Meetings sere held with Norwegians, Germans and Swedes of the com­ munity. A resolution was passed that Finnish Lutherans unite with the other Lutherans, and their church building be moved into Wing, It was moved in July, 1948. Pastor E. 0. Rankinen was the first pastor to serve this new community Lutheran Chuuch or Bethlehem Evangelical Lutheran Church, In 1948, with the merging of the churches, the Luther League was under the direction of Pastor Rankinen and Mrs, Ray Lein. In 1950 a new parsonage was built at a cost of $6,308.00 In 1951 Pastor Rankinen resigned and enlisted in the Air Force. From 1951 through 1952 the congregation was served by Lay preachers Maynard Strandberg, Dr. N. 0. Brink, Miles Evans, and Richard Quamme, also Seminarian Marvin Pekkala. Pastor Jack H, Hill served the congregation from 1952 to 1959. In 1953 a mens Brotherhood was organized. In 1956 the old church was dismantled and a new church was built. On Dee. 9, 1956 the new church was dedicated to the service of God, with Dr. R. Wargelin, Synod president officiating. The church was completely paid for at this time. Since its birth the congregation has sent three persons into special service for the Lord. Sadie and Martha Josephson have followed his call to foreign mission fields, and Wallace Leno ordained into the ministry. On Dec'.' 3, 1959 a Ladies Aid of the combined congregations was organized. Pastor Ralph Backman served the congregation from 1959 to I96I, In 1961 the congregation became a member of the Lutheran Church in America, through the merger of 4 Lutheran Church bodies. In 1961 Pastor George Olson of Wilton, or the Sunne Lutheran Congregation, served the congregation as Vice-Pastor. Pastor N. H. Pearson and Pastor Ernest Haacke held Sunday services. Seminarian D. Keltto served during the summer of I96I. From Oct. 1961 to 1962 Pastor Herbert Amala was a resident pastor here. From 1962 to I965 Pastor A Lewensten from the Sunne Lutheran Church served the congregation. The summer and winter of 1963 and 1964 Pastor Wessell was a resident pastor. In Dec. 1963 the congregation realigned with Sunne Lutheran Church. Pastor C. D. Mattson served the congregation in 1964 and 1965 with ; Pastor Lewensten as Vice-Pastor. Pastor Cedric Lofdahl served as Vice-Pastor in 1965. In 1966 Pastor Carl F. Johnson was called to serve the combined.

-197- congregation of Sunne Lutheran and Bethlehem Lutheran. The present membership is 245 baptized members, of which 168 are adult confirmed members. Bethlehem Lutheran Church has, by the Grace of God and the work of warious boards, auxiliaries and committees, continued its history of change, growth, progress and extension of Christian service, and we look forward to the loyalty and support of the members, knowing that we will always be challenged with opportunities for Christian service. For July 1964- June 1965, Pastor Mattson was hired. The bell tower was erected in I966. November 1965 to Feb.1966 Pastor Cedric Loftdahl served as Vice-Pastor. From February 1966 to August 1973, Pastor Carl Johnson served the Congregation. At the 60th Anniversary of the Church, November 10, 1968, Dr. Carl Larson Synod president was the speaker. An organ was purchased for the Church in January 1969° From September 1973 to December 1973, Pastor Martin Saeman of Underwood was Vice Pastor.

Submitted by: Delia Panjkovich Koski

HISTORY OF FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH Wing, North Dakota From a short history of'the church, written by Mr. H. C. Edgerton and filed in the Library of N.D.S.U. , we learn that a Sunday School was the found­ ation of the Wing Congregational Church. Rev. E„ H, Stickney organized a Sunday School in the Stanfield home, northwest of Wing in 1911. The success of this first church school encouraged a few pioneers to fill the need of a church in the new town of Wing. This was j the first church established in the village. The first Congregational Church of Wing was incorporated on December 12, 1913) with the following signers: Axel Soder, Bert Bailey and E. H. Bowen. Organ­ ization was completed in 1912. The charter members were: Mr. and Mrs. Axel Soder, Mrs. J. G, Tees, Mr. and Mrs. David Mitchell, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Knowles, James Tees, Mrs. Ora Piepkorn and Mrs. Ed Hamlin. Mr. James Tees is the only one of the above who is still living. The first pastor was the Rev. Mr. Fuller, who was assisted by his daughter, Ruth, an accomplished musician. Rev. Fuller did most of the carpentory on the building. The labor and hauling of all the material from Wilton was done by volunteer workers. The church was completed and dedicated in August of 1912. The pastors serving the church through the years were the Rev. Miss Holstein and the Rev. Messrs, Fuller, Kelly, Kettleson, Davis, Jorgenson, Snowden, Richter, Christ, Matterson, Senecal, Helm, Johnson, Witmer, Oyan, Alam, Daeiser, Redman, Gannon and the present pastor Dr. John Magyar. A few of the supply pastors and students serving the church were: Rev. Nodland, Rev. Hill, Mr. Clark, Mr. Buckingham and Mr, Eckert. In 1920, a number of improvements were made on the building, a belfry and basement were added, A bell, still in use was a gift from Mr. Boynton of St, Paul, Minn, owner of the Boynton Ranch, known today as the ZX Ranch. As the years passed the Womens Circle made improvements by paying for pews, pulpit, ministers chair, rug, furnace, and electric lights. The Womens Circle has always been a bulwark of the Church. Through the hard work of dinners, luncheons, bazaars and similar activities they managed to pro- -198- duce the funds needed to help the trustees keep the church active, A true history could not be written without recording the names of these women. Of the early members we find the names of :Mitchell, Tees, Knowles, Piepkorn, Edgerton, Kopplin, Graham, Mueller, Glanville, Wilkinson, Heaton, Larson, Halvor, Anderson, Johns, Harvey, Carlson, Hagen, Lawyer, Mutchler, McClellan, Soder, Anfinson, Lein, Collins. The present officers of the Circle are: Mrs, William Michelsen,Jr. , President, Mrs. George Harmon, Vice-President, Mrs. Clarence Kindred, Treasurer and Mrs. Lawrence Hopkins, Secretary, The Sunday School has always been an active part of the church. At one time there was an enrollment of one hundred and one, with seldom less than ninety present each Sunday. This was in the early days, when it was a full days project for many rural members to attend morning service, Sunday School and then back for evening services, Mrs. Ora Piepkorn related that it was often near midnight when she and her children arrived home from the evening service. Among the superintendents that served were,Mrs Clyde Harvey with the long­ est record of seventeen years. Others were Mrs. Wilkinson, Mrs, Soder, Mr. Hubbell, Mr. Hall, Mrs. John Hein, and Mrs. Eugene Oswald. Many fine memorials have been presented to the church in memory of family members. The organ was purchased Inl953 and was paid for with church, circle and private donations. Miss Fuller, Florence, Hubbell, Miss Mueller, Mrs. George Anderson and Mrs. Harold McDonough served for many years as organists. Melissa Oswald is the present organist, beginning her service at the age of nine years. For many years, Mrs. Charles Lind aided the choir as director. In 1919, Mrs. Hawks spent three months in Wing, Working for the church and Sunday School, and organizing Christian Endeavor groups. Under the sponsor­ ship of the church, Mr, Hubbell started a Boy Scout Troop. Later the yound people were organized in Youth Fellowship. Unable to afford a full time minister, the church closed in the thirties, although the Women's Circle continued to operate. The trustees then rented the building to the Lutheran Congregation for several years. When the local school was destroyed by fire the church was also used for class rooms. In the forties the Presbyterian Church of Wilton agreed to permit their pastor to serve Wing for two Sundays each month. This was eventually changed to every Sunday and this system has continued to the present time. In 19D1, the members decided toimprove the church by moving in a larger building, attaching this to the older building and constructing a full basement under the enlarged structure. This w~as made possible by the money from cash donations and the volunteer labor donated by the members, as well, as many kind friends. In August 1962, the new building was dedicated and at the same time the 50th Anniversary of the church was observed. Three of the charter members, Mr. and Mrs. Axel Soder and Mr. James Tees were present for this event. However, sadness clouded the day, when Mr. Soder, while giving the welcoming address, suffered a heart attack and died at the pulpit. In the death of Mr. Soder, the church suffered the loss of its oldest and truest friend. The membership of the church has declined to about twenty emmbers at the present time. The Sunday School joined with the Lutheran school and the children attend there, but retain their membership in the Congregational Church. The present officers of the church are: Trustees, Clarence Kindred, Reinhold Hertz, and William Michelsen,Jr., Deaconess, Mrs. Wilbert Ochsner, and deacons, Harris Crimmins and Harry Holden; clerk, Mrs. Reinhold Hertz, treasurer, Mrs. Harry Holden and pastor, Dr. John Magyar. The original church records were destroyed in a fire many years ago, making it necessary to depend on the memories of early members for this material. If they have erred in their recollections, or have failed to remember all names or events, please be lenient as this record covers a span of 65 years. Submitted by: Mrs, Lawrence Hookins -199- EVANGELICAL CHURCH

Sometime before 1924, an Evangelical Congregation was formed. A church was moved from about one-half mile south of the Christ Rath place. This church was moved with horses. The charter member of the organization were: John Weber, Christ Berg, Jake Hein and Fred Borth. The building was located east of Highway 14 about in line with what is now the Marvin Hochhalter. After the founding members had moved, away the church was sold and moved to Tappan, N. Dak. There was also a cemetery near the church. The remains in the cemetery were moved to lother cemeteries when the highway was routed thru the graveyard.

HISTORY OF THE FINNISH APOSTOLIC LUTHERAN CHURCH Located 7 miles south and 1 mile west of Wing, North Dakota

The iirsi," organizational meeting was officially held on July 6, 1913 at the Leopold. Alaoeteri home in Trygg Township, Officers elected!for one year term as follows: Jacob Erkkila, Chairman; Jacob Banttari, V.Chairman; Jacob Niemi, Treas. ; Trustees: Jacob Mattson, Jacob Banttari, John Johnson, Karl Eliasson, and John Matson. Pastor: William Harju, Duly organized, papers were filed on July 7th, 1913 at the state Capitol in Bismarck, N„ Dak., Burleigh. County. Beginning in 1903, the unorganized group held services in homes and in school houses when they became available. Local elders and preachers once or twice a year from Minnesota, Michigan and other areas conducted the meet­ ings. The preaching.of God's Word effectively continued to increase the group of believers. Many were converts,' others new comers. On June 12, 1916, an official meeting was held at the John Hietanen home and decision was made to build a church after the harvest season of that year. Members chosen for the Building Committee were: Arvid Roos, Charley Josephson and Jacob Banttari, Chief builder and. carpenter chosen was John Inget, from Gackle, N, Dak., who with donated, help from members of the congregation and friends in the community completed construction, that year. As in the past 13 years, services continued to be held regularly on Sundays and revival services in the spring and/or fall season for one or two weeks. The congregation continued to grow until about 1919, when many families moved away from the community and soon thereafter the young folks were leaving for school, college or other areas to secure employemnt. All the original founders of the congregation are now passed away, many are interred in the local Ahola Cemetery, others in other states and areas. A rem­ nant of some families still reside in the area and continue to support the church, and the congregation for the original purpose of gathering around God's Word. Therefore the original pupose and mission is carried on, which is the pres.cb.ing and hearing of the Word of God. Jesus' mission was to preach the gospel and to comfort the sorrowing, and He said unto his desciples "As my Father sent me, so send I you". So the prime purpose of the congregation is to preach repentance, and comfort to all who sorrow over sins and sinfulness. This in obedience to the Holy will of God, as iihe Holy Spirit give guidance to all in the living faith. The congregation members before and after organization, before and after the church was built, have served the community, members and non-members by Bap- tisma, Confirmation, Sunday Church School, and Burials. Members have always

-200- worshipped by singing religious songs and gospel hymns whenever they have come together in homes for a visit. And, even then the Word of God was not neglected entirely and left to be heard in church only. Over the years many "souls were blessed with the forgiveness of sins in Jesus name and blood when God called them to repentance, And, many received new strength to continue to believe and have been comforted on their journey of faith with the Lord. Present officers are: Victor Koski, Chairman: Ralph Harju, V.Ch; Emma Niemi, Treass Mrs. Ted Hokana, Mrs. Ailie Liuska, and Mrs. Emil Liuska, Trustees. Otto H„ Harju, lay Pastor, and the Secretary is William Niemi.

Submitted by: William Niemi, Secretary

HISTORY OF MENNONITE ZION CHURCH Arena, North Dakota The first Mennonite settlers in the Arena community came in 1904, by emigrant car from Marion, South Dakota. There being no prospect for church services at the time. In this group were: Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Unruh and family, Mr. and Mrs. Peter I. Ensz and family,,, Mr. and Mrs. Gerhard Schmidt, Mrs. Anna Deckert and son Milliam. In 1905, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Berg,Sr. and family and Mr. and Mrs. John Nickel, also from Marion, Scuth Dakota, joined the group here. In 1906, others that came were: Mr. and Mrs. Henry Weins and family, Mrs. Anna Ensz and daughters Helena and Anna from Ullin, Minnesota; Dave Buller and John Schmidt from Marion, South Dakota and Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Schmidt and family from Saskatchewan, Canada. In 1907, those who came were: Mr. and Mrs. Jacob D. Ensz, and family, and Mr. ans Mrs. Peter K„ Thiezen, from Marion, South Dakota. Feeling the need to worship God and to gather as a group of believers, achurch and Sunday school were organized her, in 1908. Missionary, H. J. Brown was here for the organization services. Services and Sunday school were first held in the Harriet School No. 3° After the Jacob I. Ensz family moved to Canada, Sunday School and services were held in their sod house and later in Lein School No. 3» During these early years there was no permanent pastor to serve the con­ gregation, only occasional visiting pastors. In 1910 Rev. Sam Preheim came to be the first pastor. It certainly must have drawn souls closer to the Lord and to one another. When there was no pastor, a layman served as leader of the group. These men were A. H. Unruh, Jacob Berg, Sr., Gerhard Weins and Seorge F. Regeir. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob F, Buller and sons, Henry and David Jr., came in 1913, from Mountain Lake, Minnesota. In 1916 Mr. and Mrs. Gerhard Weins came from Ullin, Minnesota and in 1917, Mr. and Mrs. Pete Regeir and family came from Ullin, Minn., also. In 1925, Rev. and Mrs. Martin Fast and family came to this community to make their home here. Rev. Fast served as pastor. In 1925, the congregation purchased the School house in Arena add moved it to the present site. It was remodeled into a church building. The church was dedicated in 1925, with the Rev. Jacob Thiezen from Marion, South Dakota here for the dedication services. A Ladies Aid Society was organized in the year 1925, and reorganized in 1942. The following families left the community after making their home here for a number of yearss The Jacob I Ensz family, the John Nickel family, Henry Weins -201- family and C. B. SChmidt family, all moving to Saskatchewan, Canada. The Gerhard Berg Family, Gerhard Schmidt family, Dave Buller and John Schmidt, Jacob D. Ensz and family and Peter Graber family went back to Marion,South Dakota. The Peter K. Thiezen family moved to Bioom field, Montana. The Martin Fast family moved to Alsen, North Dakota, after serving the church a number of years. A. H. Unruh died in the spring of 1930 and Mrs. A. H. Unruh and family moved back to Marion, South Dakota that same year. After the Rev. Martin Fast left we did not have a full time pastor until about the year 1943, when Rev. and Mrs. Herbert H. Peters came. Since that time we have had a full time pastor most of the time. In 1945 the congregation purchased the Harriet School house No. 2. They remodeled it into a parsonage. It was later sold and a new parsonage was built near the church. This parsonage was dedicated in 1951° Other pastors that have served up to the present time are: Albert Neyfeld, Ernest Bergen, P. B. Laemen, John Walters, Paul Kroeker, Gary Jenson, Kenneth Dalke and David Van Bouen. In 56-57 the church was renodeled. It was moved from the foundation and a basement made with kitchen etc. The interior was remodeled and redec­ orated. The group has always carried on when there was no pastor. The purpose of the group has been to witness of the Lord Jesus Christ and to help in the furtherance of the Gospel message. They have tried to contribute to the community in being a loving neighbor at all times. In the winter of 1950, the congregation had Mr. and Mrs. Henry Heibert and daughter Maria come here from a displaced Camp in Germany. These people have been a real contribution to the community in many ways. In 197°, this bicentennial year, there are only 3 of the original members left. They are: Mrs. Katherine Heid, Mrs. Peter Regeir and David J. Buller. There is only a very small group at present. The older ones having passed away and many of the younger ones left the community for school and to make their homes elsewhere. Submitted by: Lillian Deckert Buller

ST. IGNATIUS CATHOLIC CHURCH Wing, North Dakota

The earliest recorded history of Catholicism in Wing area dates back to 1908. The Catholic families in the community were: O'Brien, Mclntyre, Dougherty, Miller, Kasdus amd Seilinger, Masses were offered in the school or at the Mclntyre home. From 1908 - 1913 Wing was considered a "Station" by the Church, which means there was no org- ized "Parish". Two priests: Fr. McDonald from Carrington, and Fr, Waeste from Sykeston vivited and served the local Catholics on an irregular basis. By 1913, Wing was considered a mission of Wilton. Irish, German and Bohemian settlers enjoyed the regular services of Fr. Straemenal. Parishioners were responsible for transporting Fr, Stroemenal to and from Wilton for services. Mass was offered in the Florence Lake Country schoolhouse. More Catholic names appear at this time: Novy, Scallon, Neiters, Ryan, Halpin, McKinnon and Kiely. In 1914 the first Church was constructed in Wing, named St. Ignatius Catholic Church, after ST. Ignatius of Antioch. There had been much controversy about the location of the new building. Suggest sites were the City of Wing and the Florence Lake area. When Mr. O'Brien gave a donation of $500.00, for -202- the building in Wing, the dispute was settled. The entire cost of the Church was $1,500.00 In 193.8 the Church was enlarged by 19 feet. This construction was aided by a grant from the Catholic Church Extension Society of Chicago. Jacob Heltemus, Owen Mclntyre and James Novy were the most instrumental in the build­ ing of the addition in 1938. The interior of the Church was replastered in 1946. In 1965 the entire interior was removed and completely remodeled. A year later the Church was moved onto a new foundation,a few feet from the original. The old Wing Fire Hall was purchased by the Parish in 1967. It was re­ modeled and serves as classrooms for C,C.D. classes and a meeting place for other parish functions. The Parish Hall is presently undergoing another re­ modeling: city water and sewer are being installed. Organizations within the parish throughout the years have included on active Woman's Altar Society and Christian Mother's Society. Presently the parish is operated by the means of a Parish Council, consisting of elected lay persons and the parish priest. Membership has varied from as few as 11 people at one time to the approximate 30 families making up the parish currently. St. Ignatius has always been a mission parish (no resident pastor) of either Wilton or Menoken. Presently it is served by Father Donald Hill of Menoken. Priests who served the Catholic Community of Wing 1913 - 1918 Fr. Joseph Straemmel Wilton 1918 - 1925 " William Blackbarne Wilton I925 - 1930 " Joseph Meiser Wilton 1930 - 1931 " Ferdinand Schilomski Wilton 1931 - 1937 " John Wingering Wilton 1937 - 1946 » George Kovitch Wilton 1946' - 1950 " Elwood Cassidy Menoken (Founder of Home on the Range for Boys, Sentinel Butte) 1950 - 1958 Fr. Earl Becware Menoken 1958 - I964 " Ton Dolan Wilton I964 - 1974 " Theodore Gustin Wilton 1974 " Donald Hill Menoken

Submitted by Elaine Paul Heidt

HISTORY OF ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH Arena, North Dak6ta The history of the St. John's Lutheran Church dates back to the year of 1916, when the Arena community felt the need for a place in which to worship. The Board of Trustees elected consisted:of: George Pehl, Sri Christ Wolff and Reinhardt Pergande. With a gift of a lot from Johanna Erickson for the location of the church and a $1,000.00 loan from The Arena State BAnk, the board engaged Charles Bracket, a local contracter, to proceed with the building. With the completion of the building in the month of October, 1916, it was dedicated on the 3rd Sunday of the same month. Since this was a mixed community, the German language was used during the day with the English in the evening. The following sere charter members: Mr. & Mrs. John J. Brose & family Mr. & Mrs. George Pehl & family Mr. & Mrs. Jacob Wutzke & family Mr. & Mrs. Jacob Merkel & family

-203- Mr. & Mrs. John Wutzke & family Mr. & Mrs. Christ Wolff & family Mr. & Mrs. Otto Rachel & family Mr. Reinhardt Pergande Mr. & Mrs. Ludwig Rode & family Of the charter members two remain with the church today and are: Mrs. Bertha Wutzke and Mrs. Christ Wetzel During the past 60 years the congregation was served by the following pastors: A. Hoeger A. Walth G. Fichter A. Reimnitz F. Schulte H. Holzhausen Mehlberg D. Laudenbach Vic J. Kruger E. Jording E. Schram W, Busse Vic J. Schmidt W. Michels H Plagens J, Isreals" R. Young A. Lueker G. Asmus Ro Backhous Vic M. Baudler . C. Klinkenberg R. Ames C„ Preus " H„ Springier N. Lucht E. Zimbrick H. Matheis R. Oberhau G„ Harms H. Zimmerman K. Jenks L. Knuth The following are members at the present time: Mr. & Mrs. Lynn Trusty & Francis Mr. & Mrs. William Degner Mr. & Mrs. Edwin LiusEa Mr. Monte Leno Mr. & Mrs, William Ellwein Mr. & Mrs. Andy Martin, Roger & Lenore Mr. & Mrs. Fred G. Leno Mr. & Mrs. Christ Wetzel Mr. & Mrs. John Meyer & Konda Mrs. Bertha Wutzke Miss Judy Meyer During the years of 1919 to 1921, the school district rented tje church for the use of public school, as the population had grown to a point where the school house could no longer house all the children. This was a blessing to the congregation as the revenue received was used to pay the balance of the $1,000.00 note. In 1955 the congregation had grown to a point where more room was needed for Sunday School, so the congregation invested in a full basement with a modem heating system and kitchen. Families who used to worship here, and have long gone to their reward were: John Weber, Gottfried Bossert and Adolph DEgner of Wing and the Jacob Weber family of Arena.

Submitted by: Christ and Rose Wetzel

ARENA CEMETERY

The acre for the Cemetery was purchased from A. C. Isaminger, in 1919. The first burial was Mrs. George Pehl, Sr. in Feb. 1919

Submitted by:

Christ Wetzel

UNION CEMETERY Trygg Township The Union Cemetery Association was organized,July 19th, 1926 with the following people as officers and members: Louis Olson, C. J. Rue, Emil Moses, -204- Harry Hedstrom, Morris Erickson, Arthur Magnus and Conrad Kettleson. Lars Olson had donated the land for a cemetery and he was the first one to be buried in the Union Cemetery.

Submitted by: . Clara Olson Wanttaja

AHOLA LUTHERAN CEMETERY FINNISH CEMETERY

On July 21, 1908, plans were made at the home of Herman Wallio to obtain land for a cemetery for the Lutheran Congregation. Two acres of land were subsequently purchased from Herman Wallio for this purpose, and a cemetery board was selected. This board consisted of : Jacob Siirtola, president; John Pesonen, V. Pres.;Oscar Pesonen, Secretary; directors: Alex Pihlaja, J. P. Wanttaja, Emil Hill and Abram Josephson. The cemetery was legally incorporated with the church, November 26, 1918, with the name "Finnish Lutheran Cemetery". A fence was built around the property, trees were planted and a small tool shed was obtained, to develop the cemetery into a beautiful place. However, at the annual meeting of the church in 1939 it was legally voted to separate the church and cemetery. It has been customary to have the annual meeting on Memorial Day afternoon. Present officers are: Andrew Liuska, President; William Niemi, V. Pres.; Mrs. William Niemi, secretary; Mrs.'Lauri Koski, treasurer and Lauri Koski, caretaker. Lauri sees that the cemetery is mowed at least 2 or 3 times a year with lawn mowers. Submitted by: Lydia Lehto Liuska

WING CEMETERY

The first part of the Wing cemetery was in the south west part of the present cemetery and was only 32' x 32' square. In 1961 the cemetery board completed the new fence around the cemetery at a cost of $600.00. In 1963 the Wing Homemakers Club took charge of the area in so far as keeping it clean and mowed. Homemakers in charge at that time were: June Michelsen and Mae Glanville. Board members in i960 and to date: Sec. & Treas. Oscar Weitstock, died in 1962. Andrew Kraft 1 year Tollef Suby 2 years Dave Bossert Otto Brose, Chairman and still on . from 1962 to 1976. In the earlier years, Herbert Edgerton and B. W. Graham took care of the cemetery. Some of the first burials in the Wing Cemetery are: Gunhild Jacobson-1911, Ernest Lutgens -1913, Marie Lutgens - 1915, Anna Thompson - 1916 and William Cromwell - 1919° The last burial was Edna Morris - 1975° Submitted by: Otto Brose -205- CANFIELD LADIES AID The Canfield Ladies Aid Society was organized at the Anna Strand home in Canfield, in August 12, 1926. An earlier aid had as its membership mostly Norwegian women who were mambers of the Lutheran Church. Officers elected that day were: Pres. Mrs. S. L. Jordahl, Sec- Mrs. C. J. Kuehl, Treas. - Mrs. Joe Cook, Committee for drafting the constitution and by-laws: Mrs. Anna Strand, Mrs. Earl Mowder, and Mrs. John Howe. The objectives of the organization were to support and advance the Christian work of the community and to help any needy or sick families in the area. There were 24 charter members. The chief objective is to donate to institutions and for rehabilitation, with special emphasis on the Crippled Childrens School. An educational fund has "been started for Giles Ghylin and is added to regularly. The group hired ministers of different denominations to come about once a month to have church services. The care of the Regan Cementery is done cooperatively with other groups. Due to members moving away and some are-deceased, the aid quit in. the sixties and the funds on hand in the treasury were turned over to the Cemetery fund. Submitted by: Mae Olson Ghylin

FRIENDSHIP BIBLE COFFEE

The F.B.C. became a reality in the Wing community in the spring of 1973. The Lord laid this type of ministry on the hearts of a few ladies who had previous­ ly started attending the Christian Women's Club in Bismarck, the mother organ­ ization of the F.B.C"s. After much prayer and ground work the introductory meeting was held in the Parish Hall in Wing, with Marty McCullough, area coordinator for the F.B.C"s accompanied by Betty Haas, Ann Wilburn, and Linda Wilson, all of Bismarck, With their explanation and enthusiasm, it gave the 18 ladies, representing five different churches, an appetite with a real hunger for Bible Study, that day in late April. With determination to study and forget denominational lines and old barriers has proven to be a real Blessing through study sharing and prayer. Our first hostess was Mrs. Darryl (Darlene) Fredericks with Mrs. Dallas (Arlet) Leno as the Guide. Mrs. Harold (Eva) Williams was and is the Friendship Bible Coffee Coordinator in this area. We thank God for all who have participated in any way, as hostess, guide, or a faithful attender, either here at Wing, at Regan or at Robinson. Submitted by: Eva Trygg Williams

-206- CIVIC AND SERVICE CLUBS Wing, North Dakota The first club in Wing was organized on January 13, 1921, and was known as the Wing Commercial Club. Harry Mutchler was credited with being instrument­ al in its beginning. The first officers elected were J. A. Kohler, president; N. H. Collins, secretary, and Axel Soder, treasurer. There were 43 members in the first organization with fees of 500 a month which were changed at the second meeting to be $1.00. First recorded motion was by Geo. Anderson and seconded by B. W. Graham, that the chairman appoint a committee of three to check on the plotting of Wing. Named to the committee were: J. D. Yager, Amiel Pipkorn and Harry Mutchler. Other members of this first club were: Otto Ayers, Bert Bailey, Doc Bailey, H. M. Beall, G.A. Bardsley, A. J. Carlson, Dick Conrad, H. C. Edgerton, Leonard Edwards, R. H. Ferry, W. J. Glynn, J. B, Glanville, Clyde Harvey, Art Kopplin, B. R. Knowles, Jack Kottke, H. M. Landers, Dr. J. 0. Lunn, Ben F. Lawyer, John Mueller, A. E. Mueller, Martin Munson, Roy Newman, G. Olgerson, T. E. Pekkala, Geo. Piepkorn, F. H. Scallon, J. J. Scallon, R. W. Wilkinson and John Weber. Most of their business in the early days was operating a hall near the location of the steel granary at the elevator. The last recorded meeting of this group was in 1925 with nine members present, who were: H. Mutchler, Geo. Anderson, Amiel Piepkorn, B. .W. Graham, N. H. Collins, Dick Conrad, John Mueller, Geo. Wilkinson, and L. H. KNowles. One rule they had was that any new father of a son had to furnish cigars at the next meeting. A Modern Woodman of America Lodge was formed in Wing in 1935 and continued until 1942. First officers were J. Olaf Lein, John Harty, Ben Boss, and Oscar Anderson. T. H. Suby was the last secretary. The Wing Community Booster Club was formed in 1947 with Ray Lein the first president, some of the other officers of this club were: Frank Klein, Bert Olson, Harold McDonough and Francis Dalbec. In 1952 this club was re­ organized into the Wing Lions Club. The Wing Lions Club was organized when members of the W.C.B.C. felt the need to affiliate with a national organization . Therefore the move from a civic club to a service club was made., The charter president of this new club was Hallie Sorenson. Other officers were: Dave Loup and Frank Klein-Vice-«rPresidents, Les Rasmussen, Secy-treas., Francis Dalbec, Lion Tamer and Martin Rippley, Tail Twister. The directors were: Verne Orner, Alfred Larson, Irvin Glanville and Ray Lein. Other Charter Members are: Oscar Kavonius, Charles Beyers, Albert Bossert, Aelred Bouche, Otto Brose, N. H. Collins, Henry Eckholm, Ingvald Eide, Jr., Rudolph Engel, A. L. Felton, Christ Fetzer, Gerald Ghylin, Ed Gibson, Armin Heidt, Fred Heidt, Henry Hein, John Hein, George Harmon, Lawrence Hopkins, Clarence Kindred, Lester Knowles, Oliver Knudson, Andrew J. Kraftf James 0. Lein, Lindy Lein, Don McCaskill, Harold McDonough, Frank Miller, G. A. Neideffer, George Nelson, Bertrum Olson, James Olson, Ole Olson, Walter Poppke, Orville Schmidt, Fred Smith, Ted Stroh, Axel Soder, Tollef Suby, 0. G. Wietstock, Harold Williams, Ray Zerr, Fred Leno, H. E. Wildfang and Ted Beyl. Next year the Wing Lions will celebrate its 25th anniversary. The club has done very well in the past. Winning many district awards and has the dis-

-207- tinction of having 3 district Governors: Ray Lein, Lindy Lein and Dallas Heidt, elected from our club as well as several deputy district governors and zone chairmen. It, also, has sponsored three new clubs: Tuttle, Wilton and Robinson during the year, 1975° The present officers are: Glen Smith, Russell Folmer, Ruben Rachel, Adam Hoff, Dallas Heidt, Allen Vollmer, Armin Heidt and Lindy Lein. Directors: William Michelsen, Burnell Paul, Mike Glanville and Otto Uhde is serving as Zone Chairman. Other present members are: Carl Berg, David Bossert, Harris Crimmins, Walter Eckholm, Ingvald.Eide, Dale Ennen, Henry Hein, Larry Klein, Douglas Herta, Marvin Hochhalter, Clarence Kindred, Harold Heinle, A. J. Kraft, Ray Lein, Tilmer Lein, Albert Mettler, Darrel Oswald, Eugene Oswald, Burnell'Paul, Orville Schmidt, Ron Schumacher, Gary Simmons, Ted Stroh, Stanley Thompson, Harold Williams, Lloyd Seilinger, GEne Kizima, Duane Hoffmeyer, Stan Spear and Melvin Hochhalter. Members at large are Albert Bossert, Francis Dalbec, Melvin Hanson, Harold McDonough and Oscar Wirta. We also have two life members: Hallie Sorenson, and Fred Heidt. Wing has been good for the Lions Club and the Lions Club has been good for Wing Submitted by: Ray M. Lein

AMERICAN LEGION The Quentin C„ Roosevelt Post No. 65 was chartered on Sept. 29, 1919 in Regan, with the following charter members: Mattis, David E. Knudson, Albert E, Van Orman, Wilber He Peterson, Walter L. Keifer, Joseph W„ Void, Oliver P. Gramling, Howard L. McCall, Ansell J. Baker, C Fischer, Jake A. Uhde, Otto C. Wollitz1,, F. E. Danielson, Henry Hallum, Vernon G. Malone, Beecher K. Walter L. Peterson was the first Post Commander. Fred E. Wollitz was the first Post ADjutant. The post folded after two years and then reorganized again in 1925 and oper­ ated until 1935 when it again folded. Then in 1946 it reorganized as the Quentin C. Roosevelt Post 65, Wing - Regan with Albert Gray as Commander, Francis Dalbe, Post Adjutant and Clarence Kettleson, Finance officer and the following charter members: Aune, Ole Glanville, Irvin Novy, Paul Anderson, Levi Ghylin, Gerald Nieters, Herman Amundson, Leo Gray, Clarence Norbeck, John Anderson, Bernard Graf, William Neiters, Albert Aim, Willis Gray, James Olson, Bert Bailey, RAymond Harju, Hubert Ouren, H. E. Broehl, Marvin Hogue, Emil Olson, Clarence Bachman, Willard Hill, Norval Perkins, Harold E. Bosch, Anton Holgerson, Harold Ruhman, Melvin Broehl, Raymond Holgerson, Marion Rise, Everett Broehl, Vernon Josephson, Arnold Rise, Arthur Clooten, Francis Johnson, Vernon Rise, Joseph Cleveland, Ed Kettleson, Clarence Strand, John Coleman, Melvin Ketchum, Frank Sedivec, George Dalbec, Francis Kindred, Charles (Chuckj) Seilinger, Earl Edgerton, Clyde Kettleson, William Stroh, Paul Eckholm, Henry Lein, Ray m. Uhde, Otto (Dick)

-208- Foell, George Liuska, Eddia Weber, Ben Fritz, Frank Little, Virgil Watkins, John Ghylin, Alvin Liuska, Edwin W ayrymen, Riend.W Gray, Albert Liuska, Ela Wainio, Henry Glanville, Harold McFadden, Darrel Wold, Olaf Graf, Jake Morris, Ray Zelmer, Emil This post continued until 1949 when Regan chartered their own Legion Post and then Wing continued on as the Quentin C„ Roosevelt Post 65, Wing, N. Dak. Then in 1956 we changed our name to Francis J. Harty Post No. 65 after a local boy who was killed in . Saipan in World War II as a member of the U.S. Marines. The following are some of the many accomplishments that the Francis J. Harty Post has contributed to the Wing Community: 1. Sponsored a Veterans Farm Training program for many young veteran- farm boys in the community. 2. Let the school system use our building for a classroom in 1961 - 62 before the new school was built. 3. Purchased a wheel chair to be used by anyone who needs It in the community. 4. Sponsored American Legion Baseball. 5. Purchased the first oxygen unit arid stretcher for emergency use, This function is now taken over by the Wing Ambulance Service. 6. We have uniformed honor guard and firing squad which is used at Military funerals throughout the area. They have performed at over fifty funerals since it was organized. This unit also performs a Memorial Service at four cemeteries every Memorial Day. 7. We have sponsored boys to Boys State for the past 25 years. 8. Operate the Wing Theatre with Legion workers donating all work for this non-profit community function. 9. The legion Post has given free rent of the Legion Hall to the Senior Citizens Club since they organized and who in appreciation have made donations to the post and helped with the upkeep of the building. 10. The Post was very instrumental in starting a four mill Memorial Levy in the Burleigh County in 1955 and eventually we were able to see to build the Wing Memorial Auditorium with the help of Linden School District # 28. The following Legionaires were made Life Members by theFrancis J. Harty Post # 65; Dalbec, Francis Harmon, George Sorenson, Hallie Ghylin, Alvin Holmes, Herb Wietstock, Oscar Gray, Albert Kettleson, Clarence Our post is greatly indebted to Francis and Irene Dalbec for their donations to us. In I968 they donated an old house which we moved to! the rear of our club­ house in which we were able to install a kitchen and bathrooms to our hall. In 1971, they donated to the Legion, the Wing Theatre which we have operated in the summer months for the past four years. Our Legion Hall was built in 1950. We had a Mortgage Burning ceremony in February 1956. The following Legionaires have served as Post Commanders: Crimmins, Harris Gray, Albert Liuska, David Dockter, Leo Harmon, George Loup, Dave Eckholm, Walter Hertz, Reinhold Ochsner, Wilbert Engel, Clifford Hochhalter, Marvin Olson, Bert Folmer, John Holgerson, Marion Paul, Burnell Ghylin, Gerald Jackson, George Schauer, Alnor Glanville, Dean Lein, Lindy L„ Seibel, Ray Glanville, Harold Lein, Ray Stroh, Lloyd Trusty, Lynn Francis Dalbec served as our Adjutant from 1946 to 1969 Lynn Trusty, Adjutant from 1969 to 1974

-209- David Liuska, present Adjutant Clarence Kettleson served as Finance Officer from 1946 to 1950 Dave Loup, Finance Officer from 1950 to 1951 Henry Eckholm, Finance Officer from 1951 to 1976 The Legion member with the longest consecutive memberships are: Francis Dalbec, Irvin Glanville, and Ray Lein, Submitted by: Lindy L, Lein

THE AMERICAN LEGION AUXILIARY Wing, North Dakota The Auxiliary of the Francis J. Harty Post # 65 originated on September 23, 1948. At that time it was the Quentin C. Roosevelt Post. The first meeting was held at the John Harty home. Elected President was Mrs. John Harty, Vice pres. Mrs. Clarence Knudson, Secretary - Treasurer, Mrs. Charles Kindred, Sgt. at Arms, Mrs, Bertrum Olson and Chaplain, Mrs. Albert Gray. Other charter members are as follows: Mrs. Noah Collins Mrs. Lindy Lein Harris Crimmins Ray Lein Francis Dalbec Raymond Morris George Foell Emil Moses Irvin Glanville AIEX Neff George Harman Ole Olson Bennie Hein George Sedivec Lawrence Hopkins James SEdivec Clarence Kettleson Felix Siirtola Mrs. John Harty and Mrs. Emil Moses were Gold Star Mothers, having sons die during World War II, while serving their country. The purpose of the American Legion Auxiliary is to uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate a one hundred per cent Americanism; to preserve the memories and incidents of our.associations during the Great Wars; to inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the community,'Stste and Nation; to combat the auto­ cracy of both the classes and the masses; to make right the master of might, to promote peace and good will on earth; to safeguard and transmit to posterity, the principles of justice, freedon and democracy; tp participate in and contribute to fhe accomplishments of the aims and purposes of The American Legion; to con= secrate and sanctify our association by our devotion to mutual helpfulness. Throughout the years the Auxiliary has assisted the American Legion Post in various ways, such as presentation of programs on Memorial Day and'in'observance ' of Veterans Day. A Birthday Party is given each year in the monthof March, honor-' ing the founding of the American Legion. ! The Auxiliary has many projects, some of which have been presentation of , flags to Classrooms in the school, remembering local Veterans and men in the | Service with gifts and cards, donating money to worthy causes, the handicapped ; and needy. Red Memorial Popples,which are made by hospitalized veterans, are sold each , year on the Saturday before Memorial DAy. The proceeds are used for the rehabii- ; itation of veterans. A Poppy Poster contest is held in the school and prizes are ; awarded. Patriotic floats have been made by Auxiliary members for the local Community Day celebration. Many prizes have been won. i In 1951 a local girl was sent to Flickertail Girls State, Grand Forks, | N. Dak. for the first time. She was Rauha Koski, and she attended the Fifth j Annual Session of Girls State. Since then 39 other Junior High School Girls ;

-210- have attended. The Auxiliary has had financial assistance from the four local Homemaker Clubs for this project. The purpose of Girls Stste is to teach the fundamentals of State, County, and City governments. .The names of the girls who have attended are:. Marilyn Holgerson, Sherry McDonough, Janette Thoyre, Sharon Olson, Loma Larson, Sharon Crimmins, Karen Hein, Janet Fitzgerald, Linda McDonough, Lois Gianville, Roene Lein, Lyla Sorenson, Eilene 6ster,. Lorraine Sharp, Carol Wagner, Jeanne Dalbec, Connie Lein, Mary Glanville, Barbara Edkholm, Linda Folmer, Nancy'Lein, Sharon Glanville, Debra Michelsen, Barbara Lein, Mary Liuska, Sandy Meyer, Wanda Victor, Susan Hochhalter, Brenda Klein, Nancy Glanville, Susan Glanville, Versie Folmer, Renae Holden, Helen Liuska, Joyce Siirtola, Vonda Rachel, Becky Dockter, Candace Eckholm and Cindy Wagner. Women who have been, or are at this time members of the Auxiliary since it was chartered, are as follows Mrs. Ray Zerr yirs. Gerald Ghylin Mrs. Grace Farley " Lawrence Zimmer It Lauri Pihlaja it Ljrnn Trusty " Henry Eckholm ft Henry Wainio ti Don Nelsen (Jegngg^ y " Ray Seibel (Louise) II Dean Glanville it George Jackson " Bert Glanville !l Harold Glanville it Rudy Unruh " Oscar Wietstock tt Jack Hill it Violet SEibel " Walter Poppke It Robert Gellner it Dorothy McDaniel " Bert Harju It Bert McGannon it Wn11i am Merkel Miss Eleanor Holgerson tl John Folmer ti Cedric Craig Mrs. Hallie Sorenson It Ted Thorson it Burnell Paul " Reinhold Hertz It Walter Eckholm it May Ghylin " Edwin Wetzel II William Michelsen it David Liuska " Les Falkenstein tl Clarence Fetzer Miss i Susan Glanville " Stanley Felton II Grace-Farley -" Mrs. Gary Simmons " Jack Glanville tl Al Schauer it Leo Driver

Submitted by: Helma Lein

WING WILDLIFE CLUB The Wing Wildlife Club was organized in March, 1958. The officers were : Pres. Harold Glanville, Vice-Pres. Ronald Kindred, Sec. Robert Gellner, Treas. Charles Beyers, Directors— Albert Bossert, Ingvald Eide,Jr. , Irvin Glanville For entertainment the Club had speakers from the State Game and Fish Dept. at different occasions. There were also films shown. Fund raising activities included raffling off a fish house, having fox drives together with the Tuttle Wildlife Club and also sponsoring a few publis dances. The Club was disbanded after one year of existence until February, 1971, when it was organized. The officers were as follows: Pres. - Burnell Paul, Vice-pres. - Larry Heidt, Sec -Treas - David Liuska, Directors: Irvin Glanville, rlarence Kindred, and Clifford. For entertainment the Club also had speakers form the State Game and Fish Department, guests from other Wildlife Clubs and also showed films. In June of 1971, the Club was responsible for getting Mitchell Lake stocked with Northern Pike, which has provided excellent fishing. Fund raising activities included were raffling a fish house, ice auger and annual fall trapshoo.t. Also, the Club cooked and served Deep-pit barbecue for Farmers Day in 1971 and 1972. The Club served for the Wing School Reunion in in June 1972. Current projects are building a picnic area at Mitchell Lake with financing coming from the Burleigh County Park Board. The Wildlife Club sponsor­ ed one boy to Sonservation Camp and one boy to Boys State in 1972.

-211- The present officers are: Pres. - Burnell Paul, Vice-pres. - Marvin Hochhalter and Sec-Treas. - Otto Uhde

Submitted by: David Liuska

THE WING HORSE CLUB, INC, Wing, North Dakota

The Wing Horse Club was organized in June, 1948= The Board of Directors: John Witt, Henry Klein, George Foell, Junie Eide, and Lawrence Hopkins, Bert Olson, Treas. and Gerald Ghylin, SEcretary. The purpose was to promote sportmanship among the horse lovers in the Wing Community. An annual horse show and rodeo has been held with the exceptions when only a horse show was sponsored and that was the vsrry first year and one year when the organization was vacating the old grounds and we had a Horse Show on the Mike Panjkovich land near the Wing School. We have always part­ icipated in the Wing Community Day parades and have represented Wing in parades in neighboring towns. The annual Wing Horse Show and Rodeo has served as a focal point for community interest.and participation. The Wing Rodeo enjoys a good and pro­ bably earned, reputation among the anateur rodeos in the N. Dak, Rodeo Association. This non-profit organization has been a willing community contributor and a good neighbor. Our facilities have always been available for use by other community organizations. OUr first contribution was to a former Wing boy, Kenny Madland, fatally injured riding a Brahma bull in the San Bernadino, California rodeo. We gave money to a bronc rider injured in the Wing Rodeo, and The Horse Club has donated to the Wing Tornado Fund, the Mandan polio calf sale, Boy's State sponsorship, and various other community collections: 4-H club Foundation at Washburn, N. Dak. Interesting facts about the 25 year awards: Members of the 1st 25 year's from 1947 to 1972 , Buckles awarded Harris (Bud) Crimmins A. J. Kraft Junie Eide Jerry Boren Lawrence Hopkins Ted Stroh John Fitzgerald Gerald Ghylin Ray Lein Marvin Hochhalter Members of the 2nd. 25 year members 1948 to 1973 Clifford Engel Lindy Lein Dean Glanvillec

Submitted by: Gerald Ghylin

ARENA HOMEMAKERS CLUB The Arena Homemakers club was organized in the summer of I960. Members: Mrs. Ruben (Laverne )Rachel Mrs. Bruce (Valoyce miller Mrs. Emil (Alvina)Buchman Mrs. James (Betty) Miller Mrs. Ruben (Leona) Wutzke Mrs. Clifford Oswald Mrs. Albert(Dinna)REnnick Mrs. Dean(Velva)Grendahl Mrs. Leo(Peggy)Dockter Mrs. Fred(Verna)Leno This club raised money by selling food at sales and contributed to: March of dimes, Crippled Children add Heart Fund. They made animals for the hospital Children. 4 members moved away so the club disbanded inl965. Submitted by: -212- Peggy Dockter THE CEDAR HILL HOMEMAKER CLUB This Homemakers Extension Club received its charter in 1942. The first president was Mrs. Bert Hendershott, who is still living and is an inactive member, but is listed as an honor member. Members who belonged at this time and are still active are: Mrs. John Trygg, Mrs. Sam Brown and Mrs. Ted BEnder. Some major project lessons have titles which were current in their time such as "Culling and canning poultry" ," Remodeling outgrown garments", "Smocking", "Hand Sharpening Knives and Scissors", and "How to preserve Feathers". Our Club had many Service projects and community Activities. Some were Backing packages for Service men, Volunteer Work for the Red Cross, Serving funerals and Auction sales. This club was first named Trygg Homemakers. It was started in 1930, It is the third oldes club in Burleigh County, The name was changed to Cedar Hill in 1945° This Bicentennial year finds these members on our rolls: Mrs, Marlowe Moses Mrs. Curtis Hettich Mrs. John Trygg Mrs. Louis Brown Mrs. Ted Bender Mrs. Bert Hendershott Mrs. Albert Schwartz Mrs. Inan Aim Mrs. John Trygg, Jr. Mrs. Ray Olson Mrs. Sam Brown Mrs. Henry Klein Submitted by: Ann Knutson Schwartz

GREEN VALLEY HOMEMAKERS CLUB

The Green Valley Homakers were organized in Jan. of 1954, at the home of Mrs. Emil Hinsz. Extension agent, Mrs. Luverne Davenport was chairman. Mrs. Emil Hinsz was elected chairman, Mrs. F. Morast-Sec,-Treas, Mrs.Morast decided not to participate so Mrs. William Tmliver was appointed secretary and Mrs. Dave Josephson , treasurer. Mrs. John Meyer for vice-pres and Program Chairman. Other members of the club were: Mrs. Clifford Josephson, Mrs. Lauir Koski, Mrs. Henry Kruckenberg, and Mrs. Andrew Liuska. Mrs. Pete Novy and Mrs. Jesse Wilson, joined later in the year. The Club has continued to meet all these years, with Mrs. Andrew Liuska, Mrs. John Meyer and Mrs. Lauri Koski still in; the later two were off for a short while. Presently in 1976 vre have 13 members, the above three, and: Mrs, Clara Wanttaja, Mrs. Edwin Olson, Mrs. Ted Thorson, Mrs, Jerry Thorson, Mrs. Elmer Koski, Mrs. Stanley Thompson, Mrs, Delbert Olson, Mrs, Leonard Peterson, Mrs, Leonard Siirtola and Mrs. Andrew Eckholm. The club has taken most of the project lessons. We enjoy getting together for a neighborly meeting and have contributed to Girls Staters for many years.

Submitted by: Lydia Lehto Liuska

PELICAN HOMEMAKERS' CLUB This club was organized in Januaru 1942. The first officers were: Pres.-Mrs, Clarence Knudson, V. Pres.-Mrs. LeRoy Marchant, Sec.-Mrs. H. Hoffman, Treas.- Mrs. Herbert Hoffman, Proj, Lead.- Mrs. John Witt and Mrs. Mile Panjkovich. Martin Altenburg was in chage of the organization of this club. The club was named Pelican as there is a nearby lake by that name and also the first post office address of the earl settlers of the community was named Pelican, N. Dak.

-213- The Club carried the major projects and enjoyed other lesson as well.^ They raised money by various means and contributed to the community activities. This little club grew to a membership of 26, in the 13 years it existed. It was disbanded in 1955, due to the members moving out of the community. Members: Mrs. Clarence Knudson Mrs. Edwin Triebwasser Mrs. Leo Hornbacher Mrs. LeRoy MarchaNT Mrs. John Fitzgerald Mrs. Robert Semler Mrs. Herbert Hoffman Mrs. Ted Hertz Mrs. Rudoloh Richter Mrs. John Witt Mrs. Edwin Moldenhauer Mrs. Gerald Payseno Mrs. Mile Panjkovish Mrs. Reiny Hertz Mrs. Otto Beich Mrs. Roy Marchant Mrs. Harris Crimmins Mrs. Emil Heinrich Mrs. Emil Zoller Mrs. Fred Paul Mrs. John Folmer Mrs. John Hein Mrs. Ruben Rauscher Mrs. Joe Victor Mrs. Fred Paul Submitted by: Helen Marchant Oswald

RICHFIELD HOMEMAKERS The Richfield Homemakers Club was organized on June 26, 1951 at the home of Mrs. Ted Strbh, Warren Tewskbury, CountyAgent met with four ladies: Mrs. Ted Stroh, Mrs. David Hochhalter, Mrs. Fred Paul and Mrs. Harold Williams, The name selected for the cfluib is a combination of the two townships, Richmond and Canfield, The first officers were: Eva Williams- Pres, Mary Hochhalter- V.Pres. , Dorothea Stroh, Se. and Violet Paul-Treas. The Charter members were: Mrs. Gerald Ghylin Mrs. David Hochhalter Mrs. Cecil Roberts Mrs. Alvin Ghylin Mrs. Clarence Kettleson Mrs. Ted Stroh j Mrs. Esther Hein .. Mrs. Eugene Oswald Mrs. Harold Williams j Mrs. Henry Hein Mrs. Fred Paul i One of the first projects was making a quilt from which project they j netted $16.10. The Club contributed to consistently to: The Peace Garden Fund, j The Altenburg Scholarship Fund, the IFIE Program, The State Hospital, The Crippled' Children's School, The Penetentiary, The Homes for the Aged, Wilton & Bismarck, sponsor Girls State, school project, remember the Servicemen and the elderly. j Our present membership is 18. Our present officers are: i Mrs. Sanford (Donna) Williams-Pres. Mrs. Ted (Dorthea) Stroh V.Pres. Mrs. Dallas (Elaine) Heidt, Sec. Mrs. James (Doris) Saeman, Treas

Submitted by: Eva Trygg Williams

WING HOMEMAKERS The Wing Homemakers is the oldest homemakers club in Burleigh County. The Club organized fifty years ago on October 11, 1926, at the home of Mrs. B„ W. Graham, There were eleven members. The first officers were: Mrs. A. E. Kopplin-Pres. Mrs. A. L. Tees-V. Pres., Miss Viola Hagen-Sec.Treas. The following people have also served as president: Mrs. Albert Little, Mrs. Owen Mclntyre,( served for 25 years) Mrs. Lawrence Hopkins, Mrs. Harris Crimmins, Mrs. Harold Glanville, Mrs. INgvald Eide,Jr., Mrs. Dean Glanville, Mrs. Ruben Rachel, Mrs. Allen Vollmer, Mrs. Reinhold Hertz and Mrs. Otto Uhde. The projects of the club have included lessons on sewing, cooking, home living, self improvement and child care. The club has beeb especially comm-

-214- unity minded in contributing time and money toward community improvement. This Club has participated County Homemakers functions, they also have social get togethers for husbands, families and friends. The club is planning a tea to celebrate its 50th year and the Bicentennial this fall. Both in a social and material way, We feel that the club has been a part of the history as well as the future of our town and gratified to those whose faithful work and interest has made it possible to obtain these benefits.

Submitted by: Rosemary Hopkins Oswald

THE BUTTE 4-H CLUB The Club was organized Nov. I960, at the Andrew Berg home. Russel Kindred,Pres. Robert Berg, V._res. , Dale Johns, Sec. and Sandra Johns,, Reporter. The Butte 4-H Club was a livestock club open to either boys or girls. Members over the years: Russell Kindred Gregory Hochhalter Betty Sorlie Glenn Forth Robert Berg Richard Novy Carol Oster Pam Forth Darrel Berg Peter Novy . Patricia Oster Mark Morris Sharon Berg Allison Ghylin Kathy Oster Steve Morris Ralph' Fischer Gaylen Ghylin Randy Oster Clarice Morris Doris Fischer Jerome Ghylin Terry Oster Susan Hochhalter Curtis Fischer Garvan Ghylin Mike Glanville Diane Hochhalter Jerome Fischer Larry Heidt Nancy Glancille Dwight Hertz Norman Johns Jackie Heidt Nancy Glanville IIsa Jackson Hale Johns Kirby Heidt Susan Glanville George C. Jackson Sandra Johns Glenn Sorlie Janice Glanville Orban Jackson Steve Hochhalter Sharon Glanville The Club merged with the Harriet Histlers 4-H Club, Nov. 1973° The reason was we were down to 3 members, South Wing was down to 2 members and Harriet Histlers had only 7 or 8 members. I have been proud to serve as the Butte 4-H Club leader. In 1964 at the Winter Show a team of Livestock Judging made up of : Gaylin Ghylin, Ralph Fischer, Larry Heidt, placed 3rd in Livestock judging. We also took the top -J- in the crops judging. Dormer members of the Butte 4-H Club are in every walk of life, from CPA in STockholm, Sweden to different branches of hhe service. Some are farmers, house wives, attending college, meat inspectors on Federal level, managers of filling stations and ass't store managers. I am proud of each and every one of my former club members and it has been an honor to be the leader of the Butte 4-H Club. Submitted by: George L. Jackson, Jr.

HARRIET HUSTLERS 4-H CLUB The Harriet HUstlers 4-H "Club was organized in 1948, by County Agent, Martin Altenburg. The members were:Joyce Buller, Laverne Buller, Dallas Heidt, Jerry Buller, Wayne Deckert, The leader of the club was Orville Deckert, with George Deckert, associate leader. On their first Achievement Day, Wayne Deckert won the steer show by exhibiting the Grand Champion steer. The year 1949 Dallas Heidt won the steer show competition.

-215- The club functioned until 1952, when it was disbursed for 3 years. It was again organized in 1955 with Orville Deckert as leader, then the name was changed to Harriet Hustlers 4-H Club. In 1959-60 the club became a mixed club,so girls could take Home Ec. and girls could also take the agriculture projects. Mrs. Ray Hinkel, Mrs. Orville Deckert and later Mrs. Henry Deckert were leaders. Other leader for the club, through the years are: George Deckert, Edwin Wetzel, Lloyd Danielson, Leland Buller, Dallas Heidt and George Jackson. Livestock showmanship has been one of the Clubs outstanding achievements with several members winning the over-all showmanship at County Achievement Days. With the cooperation of parents, leaders and members, we ban truly make this a better club, community, country and World to live in. Members: 23 years of existence Joyce Buller Dwight Hinkel Lauren Robinson Robin Oster Laverne Buller Gary Heckert Brent Kohlman Bonnie Deckert Jerry Buller Dennis Deckert Roger Koski Helen Liuska Wayne Deckert DEnnis TRusty Michael Heidt Sandra Deckert Dallas Heidt Carol Deckert Donna Trusty Justin Deckert Maria Hiebert Lois Deckert Linda Trusty Garry Ennen Leland Buller Linda Deckert Jeffrey Deckert Becky Eide Larry Buller Marvin WEtzel Desiree Deckert Michelle Heidt Shirley Hinkel Rose Wetzel Michael Hoff Kelly Rachel Kenneth Loewen Marian Wetzel Terry Oswald IIsa Jackson Elaine Loewen Larry Fischer Jeffrey Hoff George Jackson Julia Walter Richard Ferderer Richard Koski Orban Jackson Harvey Walter Sidney Teske Rhonda Koski Matthew Jackson Dan Sharp Noreen Deckert Randy Oster Melissa Oswald Lorraine Sharp Karen Deckert Pam Forth Tim Michelsen Marvel Hinkel Charles Robinson Pat Oster Craig Holden Denise Robinson Sharon Hinkel Kathy Oster Mark Ryberg Submitted by: Orville Deckert

HELPING HANDS 4-H

The Helping Hands 4-H Club was organized around 1959 at Florence Lake School House. The charter member sere: Arlene Vollner, Mary Glanville, Lois Glanville and LaVonne Fitzgerald. Later members were: Cleo Eide- Sharon Glanville Connie Hein Betty Sorlie Roberta Eide Linda Victor Judi Miller Janice Glanville Sahron Glanville Lois Sorlie Club leaderswere: Lorraine Hertz, Ann Glanville, Mae Glanville, and Rose Eide. The meetings were held on the second Thursday of each month. Each member took their turn having the meeting in their home. The purpose of the group was to improve ourselves and the community. This we did and we learned to do many things we didn't know how to do before Sewing was especially rewarding and for which I am thankful for. Submitted by: Arlene Vollmer Poppe

SOUTH WING 4-H CLUB South Wing 4-H Club was started in 1949, by Clifford Olson for the boys and Mrs. Theodore Thorson for the girls. The club was originally called Coteu de Missouri, but was changed to South Wing in a few years because some thought the name was too difficult to remember. -216- About 1952, Burton (Bud) Neideffer took over the boys part of the club, because Clifford moved away after a tornado destroyed his father's farm. The club grew( mostly in boys) and started to win a few awards at the county achievement days. At the end of the 1955-56 4-H year, Mrs. Theodore Thorson quit and Mrs. Herman Klein became the girls leader until about 1959, when the girls separated and started their own club called the Tastey Teens.. From then on it was a boys Ag club. The next change came when bud Heideffer met his untimely death and Ted Thorson took over in around 1962. He only stayed a leader for about one year when he decided to let Henry Deckert take over. Again a leader met early death, when Henry was killed in a farming accident, but this time there did not seem to be enough boys in South Wing, so in 1975 South Wing was dissolved. Submitted by: Jerry Thorson

WING CLOVER GIRLS 4-H Club (There had been 4-H Clubs in Wing as early as 1932. Some persons recall that Mrs. J. J. HOmer was the leader of a very active club. Mrs.Horner was a capable and able leader. This club may have disbanded, but in about 1936, there was another group of 4-H girls working under the leadership of Emma Weber. Emma Weber had the group just one year. )

It was in the winter of 1950 that Mrs. Frank Klein met with 11 girls in the Wing Hall for the organizational meeting. The name Wing Clover Girls was selected and Sharon Olson was elected president. Other Charter members included: Alice and Rosella Beyl, Janel Hirschkorn, Joan Hoffman, Sharon and Shirley Hoffman, Elaine Kraft, Sheri McDonough, Carol Seible and Janet Wietstock. Cooking was the first project but this alternated with other projects in the following years. Some of the firsts received by club members include: County speech and Dairy princess by Sharon Olson, Rosalind Klein won the county dress review; Maysil Williams won county 4-H queen, of which a succession was maintained for two more years by Roene Lein and Ellen Lehto. The Wing Clover girls participated in the summer program at Camp Slade, taking part in recreation and crafts. A few of the girls went on to win some of the more coveted awards, such as; the key club award, 4-H institute and Conservation Camp. Other leader of the Club in the past years were: Mrs. Hallie Sorenson, Emma Weber Olson, Mrs. Harold Williams amd Mrs. Ted Klein.

Submitted by: Maysil Williams Malard

WING RANGERS 4-H CLUB The Wing Rangers 4-H Club was organized at the Roland Celley Home in October 1974, with 32 persons interested in forming a 4-H Club. Mary Johnk from the sounty extension office was present to help in forming the club. Officers ekected were: Steve Morris, Pres. Mary Celley, V. Pres., Roland Celley, Sec- Reporter amd Ted MOrris as treasurer. Roland and June Celley volunteered as the leaders. Delia STroh volunteered as assistant leader.

-217- Projects were chosen, considering the group's interests. 22 members joined. Donna Celley entered Speech Contest in April, Jet Morris, Tami Koffler and Mary Celley entered the home economics judging in Bismarck. Tami Koffler won the junior division and Mary Celley was one of the five on the County Senior division judging team. They won third in the district. Special awards received by members: Linda Crimmins—Bread BAking., Dennis Burrer—Senior division tractor driving, Roland Celley, Jr.— county Junior division Tractor driving. Everyone entered the county Achievement Day. Many ribbons were won.

Submitted by:- Roland Celley, Jr.

CEDARHILL FARMERS UNION LOCAL

Founded in January 1954° The meeting was at Trygg School # 1. First Officers: Ted BEnder President Rodney Williams Organization Sam Brown Vice President Ralph Fricke Recreation Clara Morris Secretary Mrs. John Trygg Publicity John Trygg Legislative Dir. Velma Brown Program Sam Brown Cooperative Dir. Mrs. G. A. Neideffer Junior Leader Charter Members Mr. & Mrs. Ted Bender Mr. & Mrs. Lee Sundquist Dennis Neideffer Mr, & Mrs. Sam Brown Mr. & Mrs. Henry Klein Velma Brown Mr. & Mrs. Raymond Morris Mr. & Mrs. George Knoll Maxine Munsch Mr. & Mrs. G. A. Neideffer Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Fricke Louis Brown Mr. & Mrs. Rodney Williams Mr. & Mrs. Wm„ Niemi Darlene Hochhalter Mr. & Mrs. Andrew Hochhalte r Mr. & Mrs C. J. Trygg June Williams Mr. & Mrs. Harold Williams Mr. & Mrs. John Trygg Clifford Williams Mr. & Mrs. Emil Munsch Jake Gillig Harold Niemi Mr. & Mrs. Conrad Wahl Anton Fricke LeRoy Hochhalter A $25.00 loan from the Wing Local and the County helped the local to get started. Swimming lessons and a First Aid Class were two of the early projects. Besides the regular Farmers Union activities, members are remembered with a gift when they are in the hospital. Every other year the ladies serve the dinner at the annual meeting of the Regan Farmers Union Elevator, At Christmas the local sponsors a community supper and party.

Submitted by: Mrs. John Trygg

HISTORY OF FLORENCE LAKE F.U. LOCAL Organized February 10, 1942 at Florence Lake School # 2 Charter members: Mr. & Mrs. George Harmon Mr. & Mrs. Mile Panjkovich Mr. & Mrs. Fred Smith Mr. & Mrs. Owen Mclntyre Mr. Mrs. Ed Moldenhauer Mr. & Mrs. 0. 0. Sperry Mr. & Mrs. Clarence Kindred Mr. & Mrs. Herman Nieters Mr. Jim Tees Mr. & Mrs. Vernon Bailey Mr. & Mrs. Anton Novy Mr. & Mrs. Harry Ulfers Mr. & Mrs. John Witt First Officers President George Harmon Vice President Mile Panjkivich Se. Treas, Clarence B. Knudson Song Leader Mrs. C. B. Knudson -218- Mrs. Raymond Juhala was the first Junior Leader. Firsts: Mary Alice Neiters was the first active Junior. Marlene Fitzgerald was the first Junior to go to All State Camp at Bailey, Colorado. Farmers Union Picnic at Gillig Grove. First Prize for a float at Farmers Day Parade, June 26, 1947 - $25.00 Outstanding Leader-Member: Mrs. Owen Mclntyre, sec. Treas, from 1942 to 1956. If anyone else came she was there ready to do her part and help with anything necessary, This club decided to merge with Haystack Butte Local in 1972. ;because of loss of membership, as members moved away. Officers at the time of merging: Pres, Glen Smith V. Pres. Joe Victor Sec. Treas. —Betty Smith Jr. Leader Irene Victor. Submitted by: Mrs. Catherine Fitzgerald

HAYSTACK BUTTE LOCAL

Farmers had been meeting at the Finn Hall, (The Wing Local) and at another location (The Florence Lake Local) for Farmers Union Meetings, These two locals had adequate membership for an active local. A third Local was organized, namely, Haystack Butte Local, in the winter of 1945. About 30 people met at Richmond School and organized a local and elected the following officers: Pres. Harold Williams Vice Pres. John Hein Secretary Esther Hein Youth Director Betty Lou Kettleson This local promoted legislation favorable to farmers and sent delegates to State Conventions. They also held classes for the youth so they could be informed and qualify for camp and stste and national awards. Over the years the officers changed many times. Many, of our original group have moved away or are deceased. The meeting place was moved to the Leno School. In 1972, Florence Local decided to disband and their membership became a part of Haystack Butte. Submitted by: Harold Williams

WING FARMERS UNION LOCAL The early Farmers Union Organization in the Wing Community was about 1912 or 1913° The only thing that I can remember of that organization is that as a small boy, I saw the Farmers Union Button that my Dad had.It had the same emblem, but it was about twice the diameter of the present day button; and I remember a cigar box, the cover of which had been cut off at about the middle and was partitioned off there wit a wall in it; I had read about such a plan used for voting on 'YES' or 'NO' issues. One can see it as a very practical plan among people that can write in only a foreign language. This early Farmers Union organization laid the foundation of the Farmers Cooperative Association; a cooperative grain elevator^ It provided the educational background, that provided for the successful operative store for about fifteen years$ The establishment of the cooperative cream shipping association; that laid the foundation of the cooperative creamery. The first one of the present Wing area Farmers Union Locals was organizws about 1938, with William Josephson, president; Walter Inget—Sec.-Treas. It got its real growth under the dunamic leadership of Rudy Hermes who was elected president in 1940. Ted Bender became the first Farmers Union Insurance agent.

-219- In 1940 and subsequent years the membership grew and the Finn Hall could not easily accommodate them, and too, because people traveled some distance to get to these meeting, it was decided that locals shoud be formed at more convenient locations. This brought about the formation of the Cedarhill Local and the Florence Lake Local. This made for closer contact with the members and the youth. Acting presidents have been: Rudy Hermes, Lydia Lehto, Arvid Harju, Elmer Koski, Andrew Liuska, Henry Deckert and presently Theodore Thorson. Sec. Treas. was a combined office at first, later separated, the following served in this combined or separate office: Walter INget, Edna Koski, Clara Wanttaja, Andrew Liuska, Margaret Pihlaja, Alvhild Lein, Delbert Olson, Mrs. Arvid Harju, Vieno Lehto and presently, Delia Koski. The youth education program started in 1941° Local Youth leaders: Lydia Lehto, Mrs. G. A. Neideffer, Mrs. Melvin Erickson and again Lydia Lehto,. Local Youth Advisors: Delia Koski, Mrs. Henry Deckert, Mrs. John Meyer, and Mrs. Delbert Olson. Meetings are held in the Finn Hall, during the summer and at homes in the winter. Besides getting involved in farming related legislation and so forth, it is a time when neighbors get together to visit and have social gatherings. It must also, be remembered that, "Grass roots" begins on the farm. Submitted by: Arvo Josephson Lydia Lehto

THE WING NONPARTISAN LEAGUE CLUB The state Federation of Women's Clubs had been functioning close to 20 years with their work spread widely over North Dakota when the Wing or Lyman Club in Burleigh County was organized in 193°, Mrs. Fred Josephson was the first pres­ ident. The very busy and active club held monthly meetings in the rural "Finn Hall". Excellent programs prepared by the state office dealt with such subjects as "Harmful effects of Marijuana", "Voting Rights of Indian People", "The Child Labor Law", amd "Beauty Spots of North Dakota". The club hosted the Burleigh County Convention at the Finn Hall in 1937. Because there were no modern conveniences, most of the food was prepared at the members' homes. During the club's 4 year duration, they had visits from every state official including Governor Langer. Mrs. Edwin Olson was Burleigh County secretary and re­ mains active in the Democratic NPL club of the 31st District, Equal Rights was practiced as there were at one time 5 men members. There were 11 charter members living in 1975: some of them are active in the District 31, Democratic-NPL Party. They are: Clara Wanttaja, Lempi Boss, Esther Felton, Sylvia Olson, Mamie Hokana, Dan Wahlman, Jennie Pihlaja, Lillie Eliasson Harju, Seth Gylden and Vieno Liuska.

Selected from: WOMEN ON THE MOVE by Pearl Andre

-220- "Tis the school of today that stands by the flag Our nation will stand by the school The School Bell Rings our our liberty old, The blue sky above is liberty's dome, 'Tis the pupil whose ballot shall rule. The green fields are equality's dome The school house has proven humanity's friend CANFIELD SCHOOL Let us then the school house defend (ANDREWS) This district was first called Andrew School Dist. The first school in this district was opened in 1904, Teacher: Mrs. Hattie F. Alberts Pupils and their ages: Term: 2-29-04 to 6-24-04 Alberts, Lloyd 7 Olson, Bertha 8 Vanorman, Clara 7 Kamins, Nathan 9 Olson, Ingebright 10 ¥anorman, Mary 9 Kamins, Louis 13 Olson, Ole 12 Vanorman, Bertha 7 Mowder, George 12 Olson, Albert 8 Vanorman,Dora 11 Mowder, Mable 13 Olson, Oscar 9 Weinberg, Israel 14 Ong, Oliver 12 Strand, Norton 7 Wilson, Elva 12 Wilson, Clyde 11 Wilson, Ethel 14 Weinberg, Dora 12

Teachers:1904-1907: Hattie Ablerts Lillian Ong Marion Duncan Mrs. W. H. Lee Mamie Barnes Martha Leitze First School Board: 1904 John W„ Olson, Clerk Ole Wold, Treasurer W. H. Mowder, Pres< A. J. Olson A. N. Strand First Census 1903 Guardian: Children Guardian Children Harry Weinberg Israel, Dora J. D. Wilson -Ethel, Elva, Clyde,Anna Etta Weinberg Bertha L„ H. Ong Lillian, Clara Marhta Ong Oliver Andrew Strand-Norton Andrew Olson Oscar Ingeborg Olson- Albert B. E. Washburn Arthur W. H„ Mowder George Sara Mowder Mable P. Kamins Louis, Naton Bessie Kamins Dan Mrs. M. Fjelde —Margaret, Paul, Astris. The district was changed to Canfield in 1919

HAZELGROVE SCHOOL AURORA DISTRICT The School District was organized in 1903, with the following Board: Martha Curtis, Clerk W„ A. Falconer, Treas John Haas, President F. 0. Crowe (Co. Treas.) J. B. Glanville

First term of school 1903 Minnie Huber,r Teacher 26 pupils Chloe Brace 12 Blamche Jones 8 Orville Sperry Hazel Brace 13 Eddie Payseno Jack Wahl 7 Harry Crowe 10 Mae Payseno Gertrude Wahl Lawrence Crowe 14 Anna Stark Lizzie Wahl 5 Charles Delaney Mable Stark 13 Sylvia Wilkinson Emma Delaney Nellie Sperry 9 Goldie Wilkinson Bertha Haas 12 Florence Sperry Iva Wilkinson Leola Jones • 11 Wilbur Sperry 10 Clara Wilkinson Teacher: 1903-190' Minnie Huber, Mrs. E. J. Stahl Mrs.T. C. DuBois N. McMaster Mary McLeish Lucie Steinboecker Mrs. Bert Glanville Anna Sandberg Herbert Swett -221- School Census July 1903: Guardian Children Guardian Children Jacob Wahl - Katie, Jacob, Lovesa John Haas,jr. Matena, Emma, Martha , John, Bertha Samuel Koehler-Samuel, Daniel, Ferdinand T u CTJ Mike donn naas,brt. Henry, Emma Maggie Matt Gaub Chris, Christina, Jacob Peter Jasper Eva Shoemaker Adam, Rosa, Eatie McDonald Barr EVerett Barr Owen Mclntyre Mary, Owen, George John and Rosa Desmond AlKCromwell William Cromwell Bower Delaney John, Charlie, Emma Bennie, Ross, Verner A. S. Wilkinson George, Clara, Ixra R. Wilkinson Helen Goldie, Sylvia W. H. Stark Mabel, Eddie, Anna 0. Crowe Lawrence Harry E. M. Curtis Lawrence

TRYGG- SCHOOL The School District was organized in 1903. First School Board: E. A. Trygg, Clerk Chas. J. Trygg, Treasurer Gust Kemna, President J. B. Bohan J. E. Anderson First Term of Cshool . 11-16-1903 to 2-5-1904 Teacher: Bertha White Craft , Bohan, Frank 13 Bohan, Emmet 10 Bohan, Johnny 4 Ely, Roy 17 Trygg, Oscar 14 Johnson, Walter 11 Johnson, Helen 10 Hemna, Hannah 16' Hemna, Ernest 12 Hemna, Willie 5 Hemna, Margaret -10 Johnson, Freddie 8 Nelson, Clara 6 Nelson, Alida 10 Nelson, Arthur 9 Teachers: 1903-1908 Bertha White Craft, Alma Lyman, May Riley, Flora W. Watkins, Clara Reid, Mabel Rue Census 1903 There was .none available..

SCHRUNK SCHOOL Organized in 1903° First School Board: Mrs. S. B. Wilmar, Clerk County Treas, G. Schrunk, President E. Sjnerma L. Skeels First Term of School: 9-7-03 to 10-30-03 Teacher: Howard L. Hill Pupils: Fred Schrunk 6 Violet Schrunk 7 Harry Schuh 6 Johanna Schuh 10 Lenora Schuh 8 Willie Skeels 11 Ada Wilmot 13 Teachers 1903 to 1908 Howard L. Hill, Myra Lyman, Sara Bonekemper, Clarkson Ersland, Jessie Williams May Kiley School Census 1903: Initials only for pupils, so am listing families: Philip Gimbel, J. Skwasitsky, Henry SEibel, Philip Schuh, Henry Schafer, Frank Norval, James Brabec, George Schrunk, S. Skeels, S, B. WiJLmot.

-222- PHOENIX SCHOOL

Organized in 1904. First School Board: J. H„ May, Clerk John Davis Treasurer Seo. Spang, President H A. Mutchler Harry Knowles First Term of School: 11-07-04 to 12-31-04 Teacher: I. F. Lytle Pupils: Lester Knowles Byron Knowles Carl Knowles Helen May Ora May Walter May William May Amelia Weber Christina Weber Teachers: 1904 to 1909: I. F. Lytle, Franz Shubert, Anna Sandberg, Ethel Crumm, Johana Erickson Martha Thompson, Jessie Williams School Census: 1904 Guardian Harry Knowles, William, Carl, Lester J. H. May, Ora, Walter, Willie, Helen Jacob Weber, John, Mary, Regina Katie Amelia Fred Samal Mrs. Millie Williams Jessie John Davis Harry Yager Gladys Davis

FLORENCE LAKE SCHOOL Organized in 1904, School Board: 0. C. Brace, Clerk Andrew Halvor, Treasurer S. W. Brace, President Chas. Mueller t. C„ tees Pupils Term, Summer of 1904 Teacher, Alberta Halvor. Brace, Hazel 13 Brace, Chloe 11 Brace, Eva 6 Halvor, Ralph 12 Halvor, Mabel 12 Lola Jones 11 Jones, Blanche 9 Gerald Jones 5 Keeler, Ruby 7 Mueller, Mary 14 Mueller, Henry 6 Tees, James 10 Tees, Alberta '8 Whittaker, Willie 10 P ayseno, Eddie 12 Teachers: 1904 to 1908 : Alberta M. Halvor, F. D, BAiley, Margaret Campion, Grace Sulton, Mary McLeish, Iva Cochrane, Mae Liley, Margaret Kiley Winifred Halvor First Census 1904: Guardian -fupils Guardian Pupils Andrew Halvor: Winnie, Ralph, Mabel Thomas C„ Tees: James, Alberta, Arthur Mrs. S. G. Bunce: Leola, Vlanche 0. C. Brace: Eva, Chloe, Hazel Mrs. C. Payseno: Homer, Eddie, Minnie Chas. Mueller: Charley, Mary, Henry D. Z. Keeler: Ruby

LYMAN SCHOOL District organized 1906; First School Board: L. A. Lyman, Clerk R. G Steves, Treasurer C. W. Lyman, Pres. J. J. Hango Seo. Walters First Term of SChool, 3-12-1906 to 6-29-06 Teacher: Alma Lyman Pupils Harvid Eskeli 8 Alma Eskeli Johnnie Hartley 15 Wilbur Lyman Emily Lyman 15 Ida Lyman 11 Teachers : 1906 to 1909 ALna Lyman, G. W. Cotes, Mrs. C. F. Brackett, Clara Rue, Emily Lyman Clara Reid, Ella Inwood, H. D. Roberts, Elda Paulson -223- School CEnsus: July 1906 Guardian Pupils Guardian Alex Eskeli: Harcid, Alma W. W. Lyman: Ida, Wilbur amd Emily Alma.. Herrick: Pearl

RICHMOND SCHOOL

Organized in 1905: School Board Estelle Mitchell, Clerk Walter H. Gambs, Treasurer Ed. O'Brien, president Geo. Feldhauser David Mitchell School Term: 1906, Teacher, Effie Clinkenhead. Pupils: Bailey, Ollie 12 Bailey, Oddie 7 Bailey, Oates 9 Lutgens, Albert 13 Lutgens, Clara 10 Lutgens, Lucy 11 Mitchell, Boyd 11 Mitchell, Jean 10 O'Brien, David 7 O'Brien, Mathew 14 O'Brien, Milan 9 O'Brien, Marren 12 Bailey, Bill Reva Schlamovitch Mina Schlamovitch Shade Schlamovitch Sharie Flack Max Flack Aaron Flack Teachers: 1906 to 1910 Effie Clinkenhead, H. E, Bowen, Elvina Peterson, Jessie Williams, Harry Stanfield School Census: July 1905 Guardian Pupils Guardian Pupils T. I. Bailey: Ollie, OAtes, Oddie Ernest Lutgens: Lucy,Albert, Clara D. Mitchell: Boyd, Jean Ed O'Obrien: Matthew,' "Marine , Milan,David] J. H. May: Ora, Helen Walter Rev. Burham: Paul, Ethel Barrett: Rudolph, Siva Bartlett: Ethel Schlamovitch: Riva, Mina, Shasa Flack: Shasa, Mai, Aaron

HARRIET SCHOOL Organized in 1906. First School Board: Frank Climes, Clerk L. W. Sperry, Treasurer H. A. Mutchler, President Geo. A. Schmidt J. L„ Thomas First Term: 1906-07 Teacher, Johanna Erickson Pupils Adin Mutchler Daisy McGrew Rosa McGrew Roy McGrew Nadian Wickerly Ruth Wickerly Teachers 1906 to 1910 Johanna Erickson, Clark Palmer, Walter Jenson, Mary Brennan, Alma Lyman, Justine Buhler, Minerva Stark. According to 1906 School Census Guardian Pupils Guardian Pupils Abraham Unruh: Anna, Emma, Jacob, John H. A. Mutchler: Adin Mutchler Henry, Sarah, Anna, Isaac Lena Esther Sloan: Ruth, Mayden

LEIN (BEE) SCHOOL Organized as Bee School District in 1906. Changed to Lein in 1916 School Board 1906 C. M. Bjerke, Clerk B. M„ Lein, Treasurer A. Berge, President John Nickle J. M. Lein School Term: 1907-08 Teacher Andrew Anderson

-224- Pupils Andrew Berge, Alfie Berge, Clifford Berge, Lila Berge, Inga Berge, Gale Berkland Olga Berkland, Lester Carman, Leola Carman, Hulda Gunderson, Orville Gunderson John Gunderson, Knute Gunderson, Harry Helgeson, Alvin Helgeson, Beatrice Lein Clara Lein, Melvin Lein, Carl Lein, Dorothea Rise, Cora Rise, Oscar Stusrud Bennie Stusrud, Carl Velure, Edward Velure, John Velure and Leona Velure. Teachers: 1906 to 1910 Andrew Anderson - 1906 Only record. 1916—Alma B. Kjelland

HIGHLAND SCHOOL Organized in Rock Hill Township in 1906. First School Board: N. H. See, Clerk F. B. Adair, Treasurer James Little, President 0. M, Colip F. J. Perkins School Term: 11-12-06 to 1-11-07 Teacher: 0. Lee Pupils Colip, Edith Colip, Sadie Colip, Charley Colip j. Mary Handelman, Freda Handelman, Minnie Farley, John Farley, Beulah McCullough, Roy McCullough, Ray Nelson, Arthur Nelson, Alida Nelson, Mildred Kettleson, Clarence Kettleson, William and Gordon Teacher: 1906 to 1910: F. J. Perkins, Florence Thompson, Elmer McCullough, C. E. Christianson, Mrs. Anna Wilson, Katie Gramling, Letitea Digby. School CEnsus: 1906 W. H. See Clerk Guardian Pupils H. N, Perkins Annie 0. M. Colip Edith, Charlejr, Sarah Gust Kenma Hannah, Gust, Ernest, Gretchen and Willie Joe Handelman Freda Nels Nelson Nilas, William, Ole

LINDEN SCHOOL Organized in Wing Township in 1907° Birst School Board: F. A. Wherley, Clerk County Treasurer L. C. Holmes, President 0. R, Toliver Elmer Josephson First Term: 1908 Iva B, Holmes,Teacher Pupils Emma Banttari, Jennie Banttari, Lempi Banttari, Herbert Holmes, John Hutanen, Lizzie Johnson, Waino Johnson, Agnes Josephson, Beth Josephson, Dave Josephson, Edwin Josephson, Henry Josephson, Sekra Josephson, Tynne Josephson, Hilma Lehto, Katie Scott, Elmer Wherley, Loretta Wherley. Teachers: 1908 to 1912 Iva B. Holmes, Beatrice M. Bennet, Mrs. Jas. Watkins, James W. TRipp, Alma Lyman Ellen Wilson, Grace E. Holmes. School Census: 1907 Elizabeth Wherley, Clerk Guardian Pupils Abram Josephson Hilda, Tynne, David, Henry, Hilma, Mary Anna J. Pesonen Walter, Anna Gustaa Lehto . Gustive, Hilma Hilda Josephson Lizzie Albert Josephson Hilma Mary Scott Dora Tolliver, Cora Tolliver, Katie, Minnie

-225- Memories from Wing School Days During the Years 1924-1928 and A Brief on the Early History of the Community By A. 0. Lee I well remember my first trip to Wing, N. Dak, in the fall of 1924, I found it interesting to see the wide open spaces and the rolling prairies. The country­ side was a good setting for two well known songs, "Home on the Range" and "Out Where the West Begins". The coming of the Northern Pacific RAilroad into the area in or about the year 1880, brought many settlers into Burleigh County, who homesteaded near the rail­ road towns. Wing was around thirty miles from the new market places being served by the Northern Pacific line and therefore only a few homesteaded in that area. The Northern Pacific, through a government land grant became the owner of every other section of land sixty miles on each side of the main line of the N„P„tracks, As this land was being sold at reasonable prices, we find that many bought the land on a speculation basis. The Hackney-Boynton Lan Company bought a large acre­ age from the railroad in a territoey east of Bismarck, N. Dak. in 1900. Mr. A. Madland became the manager of a large Boynton ranch west of Wing about 1909° A map \ of Wing townshop in 1912 shows 14 sections to be owned by'the Hackney and Boynton Land Company and one section by the Patterson Land Company. The coming of the Soo Line into Wilton in the nineties or so brought in more settlers and the branch line of the N.P. from Pingree to Wilton in 1910 and 1911 brought in many new towns including Wing. Some of the early homesteaders in Wing township were O.R.Toliver, Ben McCloskey, Elmer Josephson and K. Lehto. The village of Wing was plotted by the Dakota Townsite Company of Carrington, N. Dak. in 1910. Wing was named after one of the stockholders in the company, namely, Charles Wing. Some of the first settlers in the Village were: Herman Sachs, John Boss, George Anderson, Grant Hubbell, Harry Knowles and John Weber. One of the first business establishments in the new town was the village post office, that opened its doors in 1911, with Leslie B. Draper as postmaster. Wing soon became a busy trading center with good stores, grain elevators, stock yards, etc. There was a good spirit of optimism as new industries were developed and more people moved into the community. Hay Stack Butte became a strong landmark for many of the new settlers that came to buile their homes. The Rocky buttes a few miles west added tourist attractions. One of the first schools in the area was in Linden School District No. 28. : This school opened in 1908 with Miss Iva B. Holmes as teacher. The school board mem-- bers were: L. C„ Holmes, 0. R. Toliver and Elmer Josephson. Fred Wherley serv­ ed as clerk. The first school in the village of Wing Opened in 1912 with Miss Helen Wilkinson as teacher. In 1917 a new school house was built in the town. This school opened, for the term 1917-18 with three teachers, Namely: Judith Rue, Zelma Braden and Alma Kjelland. In the 1920-21 term high school subjects were ' being taught with Ella M. Robertson as principal. In 1921-22 two years of high school work was offered with Elmer S. Eid as superintendent. ' It is now over fifty years since I took up school work in the prairie city of Wing in the fall of 1924. The memories still linger on and I am glad to say that there are many fond ones. I can still see the white school house on a hill over­ looking the city's down town district. In memory I see our country's flag as it sways in the wind near the top of the school's flag pole. I can, also, hear the school bell ringing as it calls the boys and girls to work, both in the morning and at noon, as well as after recess periods. The school building was made up of three large rooms on the main floor. One of the rooms was used by the elementary grades, one for the primary grades and the largest room was for the high school. In the hallway on the main floor were two drinking fountains that were filled with water, taken from the school well one ',

-226- or more times every school day. There were also places set aside in the hallway for school lunch buckets, overcoats, overshoes, etc. The stairway that led to the school basement entered the basement hallway,'this then led to a laboratory and a high school class room. The upper grades also had a room on this floor, two wash rooms, storage room and a boiler room. Reference and Library books were found in the high school assembly room and in the upper grades room in the basement. One of the extra school activities was the P.T.A. that met regularly. It was first organized in the fall of 1925 and one of our first speakers was a Mr. A. Yoder, who represented the extension service at the U. of N. Dak. in Grand Forks. The local P.T.A. officers did excellent work and the parents and teachers did their best to help in P.T.A. promotion work. Miss Madge Runey, then Supt. of Burleigh County schools often attended our meetings and brought many good speakers along. The speakers included Minnie Nielsen, State Supt. of Public Instruction for N. Dak.; Miss Bertha Palmer, another well known educator in N„ Dak. at that time: Mrs, Golden and Miss Taten who both were health workers. Miss Taten was at the head of the Red CRoss program in N„ Dak. for a number of years. Dr. Thelan of Wilton was often at our meetings and gave health talks, etc. Parents and teachers in the local community likewise participated in our P.T.A. programs. In 1926 when Townley was active in non-partisan League work in N. Dak. he was also prospecting for oil at Robinson, N. Dak. Wing was also considered as a prospect field for oil. At this time the oil question received, a great deal of interest and attention in the Wing community. Two of our citizens, Mr. Edgerton and Mr. Graham agreed to debate the question at one of our P.T.A. meetings. As I recall it, their topic for discussion read as follows: "Resolved That The Discovery of Oil in Wing will prove itself Profitable in our Community." Mr. Graham, who was an elequent speaker showed ora= torical ability as he protrayed the prosperity THAT wing people would realize through a discovery of oil in their midst. Mr. Edgerton with the skill of an attor­ ney enumerated the ill effects of such a discovery. Edgerton being highly interested in hunting and wildlife argued that oil wells in the region would be a strong hind­ rance to good hunting and wild life. He also considered that oil pollution would be great harm to cattle as well as to humans. The debate closed in a deadlock. Later it turned out that Townley's good hopes for oil did not materialize and the Wing oil question still remains unsolved. The people of Wing showed a great deal of interest in music and once a year in the month of May, the school held a musical program in the school auditorium or the community hall. Many students also took part in school play work, music con= tests, declamation contests, chorus and orchestra work. I remember attending a meeting that was called in I926 by our county superin­ tendent, Madge Runey. One of the questions being discussed was whether we should have a county play day during the month of May or not. Being president of the school men's organization in the county at that time I was glad to see that every­ one decided in favor of having a play day program started. Arrangements were made to hold the track events in a track field near Ft.Lincoln. The athletic department of Bismarck High School agreed to hel; with equipment, scoring, etc. and the members of the school men's organization offered their Play Day help. The music and dramat­ ic contests were held in the Bismarck High School building. The events were judged by competent judges. During the following year, I926-I927, we also had track and the other contests in Bismarck. The track events were now held at the Edmond Hughes Field with Myron Anderson of the Bismarck High School Faculty and members of the H.S. Athletic Association in charge. Some of the students who participated in these play day events during the two years were: Bertel and Lucille Anderson, Hallard Scallon, Gordon Larson, Norman Johns, Donald Johns, Jess Boss, Earl Harvey, Alice Bond, Opal Harvey, Bertha Piepkorn, Dolores Haas, Marjorie Knowles, Clara Mueller, Magdalena Weber, Dorothy Haas, Faye Harvey, Feme Glanville, Florence Hubbell, Thelma Hanson, Kathryn Mueller, Olive Jacobson, Alice Braaten, Edward BAnttari, Joseph Braaton, Burnell Larson, and Ralph Jacobson. The Play Day events were well attended and were enjoyed by all. The contestants did well, also the judges as well as the folks in charge of the events.

-227- The Wing School did especially well in being awarded the county loving cup trophies for two consecutive years. The Wing High School did not go out for basket ball contests woth neighbor­ ing high schools very much until their new community hall was built in 1927. To satisfy high school physical education requirements, students played kittenball, baseball and took part in other out-of-door sports. A certain amount of time was devoted to calisthenics indoors. Hiking and getting ready for track events was also on the physocal education program. Mr. George Piepkorn, who lived in Wing, built up a great deal of interest in baseball as a player and manager of a Wing community team. Grant Hubbell took interest in Boy Scout work. I remember going with him and one of his troops on a field hike one time when, after a long hike we built a good bonfire where we roasted wieners and marshmallows. We also sat around the fire telling stories and had an enjoyable time. At the close of my first school year at Wing, I took a summer trip to Wurope Where I had a good travel tour and had a chance to visit many of my relatives in Norway, This was a good way to spend a summer vacation. At the beginning of my second year in Wing we started a school orchestra under the leadership of Miss McGee, who also led a girls' high school chorus. In the month of December that year the Wing bank closed due to financial difficulties. This also created some difficulties for many of the bank's patrons. For a time we accepted school warrants in payment for teachers salaries. We were fortunate in getting warrants cashed. I also remember that I had the experience of supplementing my school work with janitorial services for the school term 1925- 1926. I found that it called for a long day with a strong emphasis on an early start and good planning. Our high school organized a school band in 1927 under the leadership of B.J.Michaels. At this time we had access to a new community hall where we enjoy­ ed playing basketball and volley ball. A basketball team was soon ready for contests with neighboring teams. I was often asked "to visit with the Wing folks and found them very friendly and hospitable. After a long hike to a farmhouse I did not lack a good appetite. The appetite was satisfied as I always had a good meal. I wish ao mention the Jacob Banttari family where I had a good visit, a good dinner and to top it all, I had a good "sauna" bath. I was surprised to know they had a "Sauna" on the farm and I tried it our. It was one of the best barth I have ever taken, I well remember when the news came by radio telling about Capt. Chas, A, Lindbergh's first non-stop flight across the Atlantic, I was in the home of Axel Seder at the time. The radio reception was very good. This was on May-21st, 1927. 1924-1828 also brings back memories of the little white congregational Church in Wing, It was there that many of the high school students took active part in the Christian Endeavor Programs in church as well as in the Sunday School. I was glad to take part in their singing and to be a member of the church choir. The girls and boys benefited when they had a chance to participate in the church programs by playing musical numbers, giving talks, and through Bible STudy, Mrs. George Anderson did a great deal toward the promotion of good church music and was a willing organ and piano accompanist. I enjoyed listening to good sermons every Sunday morning and Pastor Rose Holstein gave generously of her time as she taught an optional Bible History course in the Wing High School for two semesters or so. It was especially enjoyable to meet with members of the first graduating class of Wing High School or the class of 1928, I well remember the four years we worked together from 1924-1928. The members of the class are as followTs: Bertel Luveme Anderson, Opal Marian Harvey, Dorothy Berniece Haas, Godron James Larson, Catherine Josephine Lee, Mabel Karen Lytle, Bertha Helen Piepkorn and Hallard Gregory Scallon, It was also interesting to meet the following fellow teachers of bygone days at Wing, Namely: Mr. & Mrs. Alver, (Mrs. Alver was formerly Miss McGee)

-228- Mrs. Emma Olson (Formerly Miss Emma WEber) and Mrs. Olga McClellan. Other former fellow teachers who were not at the reunion were: Miss Edna Boss, Miss Esther Cederstrom, Miss MYrtle Peterson, Mr. B.J. Michaels, Miss Laura Rupp, 'Miss Sena Torgorson and Miss Alberta Tees. I have fond remembrances of the school board members at Wing during the years 1924-1928, who were most co-operative and friendly to work with. These members were — George Anderson, Jacob BAnttari, Harry Mutchler, George Piepkorn, and Harry Pollock. J. D. Hoag, Clerk The pupils were regular in attendance and did well in their work. Teachers and parents worked together in a co-operative manner. I am pleased to know that the Wing School has made such good progress and trust that it will continue to do so. Good homes, good schools and good churches are a bulwark in a good society

tt-tt-tttt-X-X-X-X-tt-tttt-X-tttttttttt

BUS TRANSPORTATION

The first school in Wing township was located in NW^ of section 26, which was on Dad's homestead. Shortly after the school was built in Wing, it was decided to consolidate the schools. There was also a school on the NW-f- of section 29„ The two buildings were moved into town. This, of course meant transportation. We rode in horsedrawb covered wagons. In the winter, when we had snow, a sled was used and. our trails were cross­ country. I rode the bus that took in the east side of our district. There were children from seven families. I was the first one to be on the bus during the winter months. This seemed to work out better with the driver on. the cross­ country trails. The bus came to our place at 6:00 o'clock in the morning and I got home at 7:00 o'clock in the evening, of the same day. There was no heat of any kind. There was another bus that took, care of the west side. This was done for three years and by that time it was decided that the venture in this kind of bus transportation was not very successful. So, the rural schools were rebuilt and school was in session there.

Submitted by: Emil Lehto tttttttttttttttt-X-tttttttttttttttt-X-X- WING SCHOOL LIBRARY FUND The idea of some lasting remembrance of the 1973 Wing School Reunion was originated at the Sunday meeting of the Reunion. Later as the idea evolved, the Wing School Library was decided upon as the project. A Wing School Library Fund was incorporated with the able assistance of Garth Scallon. Because Garth lives in California, the incorporation was done there. However, in JAnuary 1975, it was decided to incorporate in North Dakota, instead. So this was done. The corporation officers are: Ray Lein-chairman, Delia Koski, treasurer, and Rosemary Oswald, secretary. Emma Olson is the executive secretary. One letter has been sent out, stating our purposes and goals. It is planned to send out a letter each year to keep the contributors informed of what im­ provements are being made in our library. We hope that this project will make our school a better one.

Submitted by: Rosemary Oswald

-229- A REMEMBRANCE OF MY LIFE IN WING, NORTH DAKOTA (1933 -1939) By: Fred W. H. Hall

In the summer of 1931, I worked for the Roberts Roofing Company of Jamestown. One of my assignments was to take a load or roofing to Wing, where a new school was being built. We drove around tothe back of the building to unload, taking the tar paper down into the room which was later to become the high school room. At the time the cement for the floor had not yet been, poured. Little did I realize at that time that I would begin my teaching career in Wing two years later, in the fall of 1933° I arrived in Wing during the last week of August, 1933 to get the school year started. That first year we had 120 students in twelve grades. The staff consist­ ed of Elizabeth Humphreys (grades 1-4), Eileen Rice (grades 5-8 mornings and H. S. English afternoons, and vocal music) and myself (superintendent and teacher of all other high school subjects). As I recall, the total budget in any of the six years I was in Wing did not exceed $5,000.00. The history of the Wing School in the Wing School Reunion book is quite com­ prehensive. I will, therefore, add some reflections and human interest items. My six years in Wing were very rewarding. I learned a lot about small town living and teaching in a small school. In addition there was much to learn by way of subject matter, since it was necessary to teach many classes for which I had to "Burn the midnight oil" in order that I be prepared to meet my students the next day. All the high school students sat in what was called the high school room (the one on the west side of the building next to the boiler room). In the first year (1933-34) 54 of the 120 students in the school were of high school age. The fresh­ men, sat on the south side of the room, then the sophomores and the juniors and final­ ly the seniors on the north side. The aisles were so narrow that I had to squeeze through sideways. By 1938-39 (when we had. our top floor) the enrollment had drop­ ped considerably, as I recall 86 in the whole school and 36 in high school. The 30's were the depression years with very dry weather in North Dakota. Many farmers lost their land due to forclosures and thousands left the state to try to earn a living elsewhere. These were grim times. In athletics we bad basketball, for boys of high school age and in about 1935 we organized a team for girls. We traveled to games in cars, but mostly in Howard Glanville's van,which he used in his trucking business. A basketball evening con­ sisted of a reserve game, a girls" game and finally the high school boys's game. Most of the refereeing in Wing was done by Ralph Jacobson, Ralph was an excellent referee who preferred to work alone and for his services he received $1„50 per night. The proce of admission to games was ten cents for students and twenty-five cents for adults. We always had a full house for games at the town hall (in those days called the Opera House). I will never forget my first basketball game - it was an away game. We all met at Glanville's Cafe and when we were about ready to go Al Kusler said to me, "Where is our referee?" I didn't realize that it was a custom to take a referee along. Since I had not thought to line up a referee we went with­ out one, with no ill effects and I never did take one along in tripa. I was asked only once by a visiting school to have their referee help and we lost that game, which we should have won. I then determined that there was less trouble if the host school was given the responsibility of securing the officials. In about 1935 or 1936 the school board decided to close the country school on the highway south of town. That school was used as residence for a time and to pro­ vide room for the children in town, a building belonging to Elmer Josephson was moved to the school site from down town. Albert (Gil) Eide was the teacher in that country school and he came along to town with his pupils. That was the beginning of transportation in Linden School District # 28. This was in the days before school bussing was well developed. The "Bus" was a pick-up truck with a home made cab on

-230- the back and it was used until the. snow made driving difficult and then a sled and a team of horses hauled the students. Pay was not much. The person furnishing the equipment and the driver received only the mileage allowance for families as speci- ed in the school code. The first person to furnish transportation for the children was Fred Josephson. Later Walter Pesonen took over the job. Transportation was provided only for those children who came from the service area of the recently closed country school. In the spring of 1938, Fred Josephson, president of the Board, came to school one afternoon. He said that he had been at a meeting at which he learned that the Federal Government was very interested in funding W.P.A. projects which would be permanent community buildings and structures of other types. He asked me/'Could you use a top floor to the school?' I said, "Yes!" and that was the beginning of an improved school facility. Before the project could begin the people had to vote money and this they did. As I recall it, the bond issue carried easily and that was quite a decision for the people to make in a depression year. Children in grades 7-12 were obliged to take state examinations. Preparation for these examinations always was by way of intensive review. I always spent two weeks in review for a semester course and four weeks for a full year course. Daily averages had to be sent to Bismarck a month before the examination dates. The ex­ amination grade counted 50% of the final grade which was given in numerals (70% was passing). Anyone earning less than 60% in the examination automatically failed. This was a state regulation. In about 1936 we started the school carnivals. Each carnival began with one act plays for which a general admission of 10 cents and 25 cents was charged. Then the concessions were set up and everyone had a great time until closing time at 11 o'clock. Except In Bingo, every player always won a prize. In the basement of the town hall was an excavation which was begun by the W.P.A. Since the intended base­ ment was never finished (at least at that time) it made an ideal place for a shoot­ ing gallery in which we had moving targets and used spatterless.22 calibre annumition. In March, 1938 (I'm quite sure of the year) it was time for the district basket­ ball tournament to be held at Carrington. The roads were all blocked and there was no chance for us to get there by car. I went down to the depot to see my friend Noah Collins, the depot agent, to talk to him about getting to Carrington by train. He did not hold out much hope because the train on the Leads line would be gone by the time we would have arrived in Pingree where we would have to change trains. The next day Noah saw me downtown and said he could sell me tickets. I said, " But Noah, what good will that do if we cannot make connections?" He said, "Don't worry about it, just buy the tickets." I bought the tickets and we took off in high spirits for the tournament. This was the first train ride for some of the boys. When we got to Pingree, the Leads train was standing on the tracks and the train crew was checking for hot boxes. We hurridly changed trains, and as soon as the last of our group was on board, we heard the whistle and frit the train start in motion. When we got to Carrington we went to the hotel where the meals were good, but the sleeping accommodations were not much, despite reservations. We all slept in two inside rooms on cots. In those days Eldridge had the powerful basketball teams. They were in our district and we played them in two tournaments, and while we did not win we gave a good account of ourselves - the score was close against the defending state champions in Class C. It seems to me that in 1937 we were one point behind in the last seconds of the game when we got the ball out of bounds under their basket. Bud McCloskey took the ball out of bounds and then he saw Willie Kavonius streaking down the floor. Bud hollered, "Hey, Willie," and with that he threw the ball. Willie turned, did not see the bomb coming, which hit him on top of the head and out over the end line. The interesting thing was that Willie rarely missed a set-up. We felt that we were close to defeating the defending State champions. This was the year of the big snow. The County Tournament, of course, came before the District and that year it was held in Regan, where they had built a nice new gym. The roads were again

-231- blocked but, Ole Olson and his road crew were busy plowing through with a large road grader. Where it was not possible to get through on the road, they cut through the fields. Before the tournament had ended a Chinook came up which cleared much of the snow so we could travel the road coming home. For a fall physical education activity I wanted to show the boys how to play football. We had no equipment so I had in mind a very mild version of the game with no hard contact. That did not last long because as they got the idea of the game, play became so vigorous that I had to switch to a less violent activity for fear that someone would get hurt. As I recall it, Garth Scallon and Floyd Harvey got quite carried away with their enthusiasm for the game, Hallowe'en 1933 was something else again, I had often read about and heard stories about such celebrations, but I had no experience first hand. When the morning after Hallowe'en dawned the town looked different. The bell was gone from the school house, the furniture from the annex, which was sometimes referred to as "The chicken house," was stacked behind the rock pile behind the school, a farm wagon had been put on top of the school house, a horse had been put into the high school room, a load of hay had been overturned in the street in front of the Wing Mercantile, and other pranks of lesser magnitude took place. Long discussions were held as to who was responsible and I son't know if it will ever become common knowledge. The outshot of it all was that the village council and the school board conferred and decided that the town hall would not be available for basketball. This decision, of course, caused quite a bit of concern among the boys. We met and talked about our basketball situation with the result that Willard (Bill) Olson aid Art Weber were designated to go with me to talk to Grant Hubbell (School board president) to see what could be done. The result was that the authorities were imoressed with the sincerity of the boys to help keep Hallowe'en peaceful that basketball started the next day or two. Each year thereafter basketball practice started the day after Hallowe'en, In the thirties there were two churches in Wing, the Catholic and the Congre­ gational. An annual event of the ladies groups of these churches was to have their Ladies Aide Dinners in the town hall. The charge was $1.00 and the food which was always good was served family style. The ladies also held their once a month meet­ ings in the homes of the members. A dinner was served and in the evening the men came to eat, also depositing the charge for the meal in a dish in the center of the table. As I recall, there was no set amount to pay, each person gave what he wished. The 30's were hard years in North Dakota. I recall that during the 1933-34 school term I received only two or three cashable checks from the school district. We received three or four checks from the Federal N.E.R.A. office. These checks were really relief checks which constituted aid to the schools to help pay for their bills. Thereafter the school issued warrants and I received warrants for the rest of my teaching in North Dakota, the next five years in Wing and two years in Reeder, Many schools were forced to issue warrants,but I was fortunate not to have to sell them at a discount. Both Wing and Reeder boards were financially sound enough so that the North Dakota Hail Fund was willing to buy the warrants and send the teachers their full check. The interest charged by the Hail Fund was only two or three per cent, instead of the legally allowable seven per cent. An event of the mid 30ss which I have not forgotten was the Boy Scout camping trip at Spiritwood Lake. One of the highlights of this trip was the cooking of a mess of bean-hole beans. We must have done everything just right because the result of extensive work was the most wonderful batch of beans I have ever eaten. When we got back to Wing the story of the beans spread far and wide, and we soon felt that to uphold the story we had to cook a batch of beans. We selected for our guests the Dads of the Scouts. When we dished up the beans they sounded like buck­ shot on the plates. We had lots of sympathetic suggestions as to why we had bad luck. It was suggested that hard water, salt pork, and the kind of beans may have been the reason. The most logical reason, however, was suggested by Garth Scallon (one of the scouts) at the recent reunion, and that was that the job had not been with the same thoroughness as the first time.

-232- GOOD WILL CHOIR

A group met at Lyman School # 1 on Sept. 20, 1940 to organize a Comrriunity Choir. Morris Erickson acted as temporary chairman until the officers were elect­ ed: President — Seth Gylden, V. Pres. —Lawrence Olson, Sec. —Lydia Lehto, Treas. Wayne INget, Director Morris Erickson, Organist Clara Wanttaja. Members: Sopranos Altos Tenors Bass Olga Neugebauer Luuella Moses Morris Erickson Sulo Gylden Linda Gylden Bernice Wanttaja Lawrence Olson Wayne Inget Fietta Gylden Lydia Lehto Emil Moses Carl Moses Siiri Eckholm Ruth Thorson Walter Pihlaja Frances Thorson Seth Hylden Gloria Gylden Milton Moses Bill Hokana A constitution and by-laws were adopted, and the group made many appearanc£s in the community. They were especially in charge of the Christmas program in the churches. It does, though, seem tha the choir members were not too faithful in practice attendance and some moved away, but anyway it was fun and worthwhile while it last­ ed, about two years. Submitted by: Clara Olson Wanttaja Lydia Lehto Liuska

FINNISH YOUNG PEOPLES' SOCIETY This society was formed April 30, 1919 in Lyman township, and was known by the name "Yritys" , which means "to try". The purpose of the society Is : Promote young peoples' get togethers and to provide the young people with all civil doings which are within the laws of the U. S. and N. Dak. — so reads the first two by-laws of the society, which has built the so called "Finn Hall", seven miles south of Wing. The organization is still in existance, but the activities have become few. Mostly Farmers Union meetings and last election place for Lyman tovinship. The governing board consists of: president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, membership secretary and three board members. The original members: John Kananen, Pres., Dan WaHilman- y„ Pres., Sec. - Walter Ojanen, Treas. - John Moilanen, membership Sec. - Alex Pihlaja, Board members — Kalle Koivu, August Koskela, and Heimo Siirtola. Other members of the Society wer: Henry Mulari, John Riikola, George Kavonius, Robert Kirmu, Mrs. John Moilanen, Henry Pihlaja, Armas Kangas, William Wanttaja, and Edi Lauri, J. Hill and Wffl. Eskeli. The hall was built during the 1920 with Kalle Koivu as main carpenter. It has been moved from the original sites, due to road building, etc., three times. The Finn Hall is known far and widem as most everyone attended dances there. The first dance at the Finn Hall was in July, with Warren Cotes - Piano, Dick Conrad - Druma, Henry Pihlaja - trumpet and Edwin Olson on Saxsphone. These dances were held every Saturday night for years. As the population dwindled, music became harder to get, licenses cost much, and as "cops" had to be provided, the

-233- present members have decided not to have the dances. Present Officers are: Mrs. Emil Lehto - Pres., Elmer Koski - V, Pres,, Lydia Liuska - Sec. , Clara Wanttaja - treas,, Edna Koski - Membership Sed., Board members; Emil Lehto, Andrew Liuska and William Hokana. The Finn Hall has served the community well. It has been a meeting place -for many and varied activities. It is still there, but it also has known vandalism and distruction. Submitted by: Lydia Lehto Liuska

FINNISH RELIEF The Russian War to invade Finland was in 1939° The Finns fought hard to save their country, and kept their freedon, altho they erided up giving up some of their richest land to the Russians. The Finns needed food, clothes, medical supplies and money. "Finnish Relief" Coffees, meetings, etc. were set up all over the U.S.A. and in the Wing area the Finns met every month at some home, school or hall for gatherings. Everyone brought food, and there was a meeting, possibly a program and the collection was sent to headquarters. Clothing was also gathered and sent several times. These 'coffees' lasted about 5 years. There were no set officers as everyone pitched in and helped. Altho it was a relief meeting it was also a social event for the community. Much of the relief money was sent to Finland, in the well known "CARE"

Submitted by:

Lydia Lehto Liuska

FINNISH BAND In about 1912 or 13 a group of Finnish men organized a bank in the Wing and south of Wing areas. Mr. Harry Kessler was director of the band and the following were members: Henry Pihlaja Joe Kohler Ed Aslto Felix Siirtola John Boss Arvid Ross Andrew Kalene HMmo Siirtola Robert Kirmu Leo Elke Emil Erickson Fred Mulari Andrew Mueller Oscar Kavonius Alex Pihlaja Edwin Olson Steen Wallio George Kavonius Henry Mulari William Wanttaja John Riikola One of the first functions this band played for was a 4th of July bowery Dance in Wing. A platform floor was built east of where the lumber yard now stands* It had benches around the sides and tree branches were put on as a sort of roof. In June, 1951 the band played for Mr. .and Mrs. Henry Pihlaja's wedding dance held in the granery on Oscar Kavonius' farm. This band also played for dances at DRiscoll and for a 4th of July Celebration and dance at the Jacobson farm ncaith of Driscoll in 1920. It played for some political rallies in the early 1920's, and many dances in the Finn Hall. Submitted by: Clara Olson Wanttaja

-234- INDEX

A Aho, Charlie 40 Chappell, Claude 64 Glanville, Harold 18 Alpetera, Leopold 136 Churches Glanville, Seth 18 Ambers, Louis 47 Bethlehem Luth 196 Graham, B. W. 175 American Legion 208 Catholic 202 Gylden, John 140 American Legion, Aux. 210 Evangelical 200 H Anderson, Geo. 172 Finnish Apostolic 198 Anderson, John 121 Mennonite 201 Hall, Fred, History 230 Andrews, 3 St.Johns Luth 203 Halpin, John l6 Antilla, Albert 35 Cloud, Ed 70 Halonen, Peter 138 Arena 158 Clubs, Lion etc. 207 Halvor, Andrew 19 Autio, John 135 Hango, Alex 139 D B Hango, John 57 Deckert, William 37 Hanson, Anton 152 Bachar, Stefan 115 DEgner, Adolph 90 Hanson, Clarence 153 Bailey, Albert 86 Dronen, Sam 64 Hanson, John 153 Bailey, Burbridge 87 Durant, Walter 64 Handon, Olaf 153 Bailey, David C. 84 Harju, Rudolph 50 E Bailey, Frank 86 Harju, William 135 Bailey, Herbert 86 Eckholm, Gust 137 Harriet 32 Bailey, Ira 85 Edgerton, H. C. 174 Harty, John 176 Bailey, John 31 Eid, Ben E. 15 Harvey, Cljide 20 Bailey, Mary 85 Eide, Ingvald, Sr. 160 Harvey, Emmami al 19 Bailey, Orva 86 Eliason, Charlie 57 Hedstrom, Harry 122 Bailey, Rachel 85 Elki, Leo 144 Heidt, Fred 51 Bailey, Romeo 86 Ensz, Peter I. 50 Heidt, Michael,Sr 51 Banttari, Jacob,Jr. 142 Erickson, Emil 143 Heidt, Michael,Essay 188 Banttari, Jacob,Sr. 141 Erickson, Maurice 121 Heidt, Martin 52 Bardsley, Ga. A. 151 Erickson, Melvin 122 Hein, Chris 91 Barkman, Dallas 47 Erkkila, Jacob 135 Hein, Daniel 91 Bates, Lonnie 0. 48 Eskeli, Alex 57 Hein, Jacob 92 Beckman, John 143 Eskeli, Alex 139 Heino, Oscar 40 Bera, Kalle 59 Eskeli, Fred 143 Heitanen, John 145 Berg, Christ 87 Eskela, William 143 Hill, Alex 177 Hilden, Abram 138 Berg, Jacob,Sr. 49 F Hill, Emil 59 Bippus, Christ 71 Finnish, Society 233 Hill, John 139 Bjerke, Christ 50 Finnish Relief 234 Hill, John 145 Boelter, George 159 Finnish Band 234 Hinkel, Emil 53 Borth, Fred 88 Fitzgerald, James 90 Hinkel, Jackob, sr. 53 Borth, Henry 72' 4-H Clubs Hokana, John 58 Boss, John 173 Butte 215 Holmberg, Frank 93 Bossert, Gottfried 89 Clover Girls 217 Holmes, L. C. 64 Braks, Frank 143 Helping Hands 216 Brose, John J. 68 Holwegner, Fredrich 73 South Wing 216 Homemakers Brungi, Matt . 135 Wing Rangers 217 Arena 212 Buller, Jacob 36 Friendship Bible 206 Bus, E. Lehto 229 Cedarhill 213 Green Valley 213 C 2 Pelican 213 Canfield 3 Gellenr, Jacob 7 R Richfield 214 Canfield Ladies Aid 206 Gellner, William 72 Wing 214 Ghylin, Alvin 10 Carlson, Jack 143 Howe, John 7 Glanville, Albert 17 Cemeteries : Hubbell, Grant 177 Glanville, Dean 17 Ahola 205 Glanville, Em 18 Arena 205 Glanville, Esther 18 Inget, Henry I36 Union 204 Glanville, Jack 174 Wing 205 Inget, John 139 Glanville, Jonathan 174 Isaminger, A, C. 159 J- 0 Jacobson, Berdines 166 Lepisto, Anton 60 OBerham 65 Jarvi, John 57 Lindsey, Charlie 6 0 j aBen, Walter 61 Jauhola 139 Lindsey, George 6 Olson, Fred 10 Jews 14 Linna, Peter 148 Olson, Gust 9 Johns, Chas. 21 Little, Family 109 Olson, James 8 1 Johns, Lawrence 22 Liuska, Klemins 138 Olson, Lars 126 Johnson, Carl 31 Locals Olson„ Louis 126 Johnson, Fay 67 Cedarhill 218 Olson, Ole & Mare-t 8 I Jordahl, S.L. 3 Florence Lake 218 Olson, Ole A I84 Josephson, Abram 145 Haystack Butte 219 Olson, Oscar 9 Josephson, Albert 145 Wing 219 Olson, Severn 113 J o seph son, Charle s 145 Lutgens, Ernest 94 Olson, Sophie 9 Josephson, Dave 146 Luopi, Jacob 139 Olson, Violet 9 Josephson, Elmer 146 Lyman 56 Oswald Fred 96 Josephson, Fred 146 Lyman Family 56 P Lytle, I. F. Josephson, Henry 147 25 Palling, John I85 • Josephson, William M 147 Palms, Grant 75 Josephson, William 147 Madland, Arne 156 Patton, Patrick 11 Juhala, John 136 Magnus, Arthus 123 Paulson, Halvor 55 Jylli, Matt 147 Maikkula, John 140 Pehl, Geo,Jr. Fam. 168 K Maki, Mary 136 Penteiil, Herman 136 Maki, Victor 136 Perry Elmer 75 Kallio, Jacob 139 Marchant, Roy 116 Pesonen, John 149 I Karigaas, August Mattson, Jacob Pesonen, Oscar Kavonius, George 178 54 60 ! Mattson, John Pesonen, Walter ! Kavonius, Oscar 139 149 59 May, John Piepkorn, Amiel Kaskela, Tyyne 95 I85 59 May, Sam Piepkorn, George Keliin, Andrew 95 185 140 McCloskey, Ben Pihlaja, Alex Kell, Charles 154 122 Mccloskey, FAmily Pihlaja, Henry 61 Kennila, Isaac 61 157 McCloskey, William Pohjala, Victor 61 Kettleson, Clarence 150 151 McCluiie Ponroy 148 , Kettleson, Conrad 65 108 Mclntyre, Owen Post Offices 65 ; Kimbrell, Thomas 181 42 : McKinnon, Dan PTA, Wing 46 Kindred, Charles 14 23 Mehlhoff, John Sr. R 120 Kirmu, Robert 40 59 Merkel, Jacob 166 Knowles, Harry Rasche, Henry 12 179 Michelsen, Tim,E Knutson, Knute ss ay 14 Rath, Christ, Sr 108 Millett, Oliver 76 Kopplin, A. E. 65 Regier, George 180 Mitchell, David 24 Kopplin, Con 95 Riikola, John 61 180 Moses, Emil Koski, Richard Essay 140 110 Rise, John 0, 55 Koski, Victor Mueller, John I83 Richmond 39 Mulari, Henry 84 Koivu, Kalle 60 Ross, Arvid 149 59 Mutchler, Harry Kraft, Andrew 42 167 Rotkonen, Olli 149 Kuisti, Henry 53 N Rue, Charles J, 127 Kuasma, Henry Rutanen, Nestar 59 124 149 Kurki, John 148 Nelson, Nels Ryan, William Nemetz, Stehhen 112 43 L Newman, Cal 175 S Niemi, Jacob Landers, Harry History 136 Sattler, Jacob 193 Niemi, Nels 60 Scallon, Fred Landers, Hiram 74 Meters, Herman Lapier 28 Scallon, Joe 65 Niva, Andrew Larson, Ed 139 Schniidkunz, Ed 93 Nolan Bros. Lawyer, Ben 96 Schock, David 181 Nonpartisan League Lee, A, 0. History 220 Schools 226 Novy, James 119 Canfield Lee, Ole J. 24 Novy, Joseph Lehto, Kustaa 148 120 Florence Lake Novy, Vaclov 118 Lehto, William 53 '•.. Hazelgrove Lein, J. M. 182 Harriet Lein, J. 0. 182 Highland w Lein (Bee) 224 Waara, Eino 149 Linden 225 Wagner, Ed 75 Lyman 223 Wagner, Raxanne, Es 67 Phoenix 223 Wahl, Geo. 103 Richmond 224 Wainio, Waino 150 Schrunk 222 Waiste, John 63 Trygg 222 Wallio, Herman 61 Scott, Carl 67 Wanttaja, Peter 61 Scott, Walter 169 Weber, Jacob 77 SEilinger, Victoria 97 Weber, Johan I87 Seilinger, Jeff,essay 118 Weber, John 104 Sharp, John 66 Wenaas, Sig 169 Shidler, Henry 186 Wheeler, Albin 150 Shipp, Clmer 98 Wherley, Fred 150 Sieglock, Dan 99 Wietstock,Fam. 170 Siirtola, Jacob 62 Wilkinson, Adelbert 44 Siirtola, Felix 62 Wilkinson, Charles 45 Skei, Einar 100 Wilkinson, Robert 45 Skei, John 101 Williams, Emory 105 Skoglund, Andrew 130 Williams, Harold 106 Soder, Axel 186 Williamson, "Doc" 170 Spangberg, Albin 131 Wilsey,Family 78 Spitzer, Jim 66 Wilsey, George 79 Stark, William 46 Wilsey, Sara 80 STroh, Jacob;, jr 118 Wing Horse Club 212 Stroh, Jacob,Sr„ 102 Wing Rural Fire 192 Wing Wildlife 211 T Winkler, SAndy,es 83 Wirta, Kalle 150 Tees, Thomas 30 Wolff, Christ 71 7I Thosson, Theodore 66 Wutzke, Jacob 41 Tice, DAn 41 Wutzke. iLTohn 83 Tice, Will 40 I Toliver, RAymond 150 Trygg 121 Trygg, E.Andrew 132 TRygg, Charles 132 Trygg, David 6 Trygg, David 134 OMISSIONS CORRECTED Page 40-41 VICTOR & MARJA KOSKI OMITTED RAUHA — married Gottfried Bossert (deceased) 2 boys and a girl tttttttttttttttttttttttttt tt-X-X-X-tt Page 41 JACOB & BERTHA WUTZKE OMITTED RUBEN — married Leona Hoffman, live in Tuttle, N. Dak. tttttttttttt-X-tttttttttttttttttttt* Page 51-52 FRED HEIDT FAMILY OMITTED Family of: ARMIN — Born 1925, married Betty Lou Kettleson. Married in the Langedahl Lutheran Church, south of Arena, N„ Dak. Armin is an Insurance Agent, a sidewald farmer and has various trades. He farmed south of Arena until 1948, then moved to Wing; worked in Lein's Store for a few years; then bought a store from Harold McDonough. He operated that for 8 years. The building was torn down and a bowling alley erected. He operated this for 10 years. He is now mainly in the Insurance Business. CHILDREN: Ricky - a teacher in Bismarck, North Dakota. Larry - Federal Food Inspector in Aberdeen, South Dakota. Jackie - U. S. Navy Kirby - Carpenter in Bismarck. tttttttttttt-X-X-tttttttttttttt-X-X-tt* Page 72-73 WILLIAM GELLNER Children not listed ERNA — married Weseley Engelbretson, live in Regan, North Dakota. ROBERT — married Delores Ochsner, live in Bismarck. tt-X-X-X-X-X-X-tt-X -X-X-tttttttttttttttt Page 77 JACOB WEBER FAMILY Incorrect name: The second marriage of Jacob Weber was to Amelia Knodel, a widow with one daughter, Regina. Children of Jacob and Amelia Weber tttt-X-X-X-tttttt-Xtttttttttttttttttt* Page 87-88 CHRIST BERG FAMILY Correction & Addition: FREDA — married Jake Leno. _5 children: Timothy and Thomas, twins, besides the 3 listed. The Lenos live in Valley City, North Dakota. •X-tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt Page 90 ADOLPH & JOSEPHINE DEGNER OMITTED HELEN — 2 children: Delia was listed Melvin - married Fredrika Sauter, 2 boys and a girl. Live in Roscoe, 111. tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt-X-tt Page 92 JACOB HEIN Children not listed: MARTHA — married John Scherbenski. Martha was bom 1913° They have 2 daughters and a son. They live in Tuttle, North Dakota. EDWIN — born 1915, married Edna Gellner. They have a son and a daughter, live in Sunnyvale, California. WALTER — born 1919, married Mari Wahl. They have a son and a daughter, live in Lodi, California. BENNIE — born 1921, married Ella Weigum. Have a son and a daughter, live in Stockton, California. REUBEN — born 1923, married Adrian Suline. They have 2 sons and live in Belmont, California. tttttttttttttttttt-X-tttttttttttttttttttt Page 93-94 EDWARD LARSON FAMILY Children not listed: BURNELL — married Delphine Schultz. Have 3 girls. Live in Everett, Washo FRANCIS — married Daisy , have 2 children, live in Bracketville, Texas. tttttttttt-X-tttttttttttt-X-tttttttttttttt Page 132 CHARLES & MINNIE TRYGG Children not listed: MILDRED — married Smuland, live in Springfield, Missouri. EMMA == married Dillon, live in Bismarck, North Dakota. **tt*tttt*tttt*tttttttt***tttt** Page 171 (Roger Koski) at the bottom of the page, should be (Richard Koski) tttttt-Xtttttttt-X-tttttttt-X-tt-X-tttttt-X-X- Sincere apologies to all the above and others for errors that may have not been called to my attention.