The Karin Ikebana Exhibition
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THE Buddhist Thinker and Reformer Nichiren (1222–1282) Is Consid
J/Orient/03 03.10.10 10:55 AM ページ 94 A History of Women in Japanese Buddhism: Nichiren’s Perspectives on the Enlightenment of Women Toshie Kurihara OVERVIEW HE Buddhist thinker and reformer Nichiren (1222–1282) is consid- Tered among the most progressive of the founders of Kamakura Bud- dhism, in that he consistently championed the capacity of women to achieve salvation throughout his ecclesiastic writings.1 This paper will examine Nichiren’s perspectives on women, shaped through his inter- pretation of the 28-chapter Lotus Sutra of Gautama Shakyamuni in India, a version of the scripture translated by Buddhist scholar Kumara- jiva from Sanskrit to Chinese in 406. The paper’s focus is twofold: First, to review doctrinal issues concerning the spiritual potential of women to attain enlightenment and Nichiren’s treatises on these issues, which he posited contrary to the prevailing social and religious norms of medieval Japan. And second, to survey the practical solutions that Nichiren, given the social context of his time, offered to the personal challenges that his women followers confronted in everyday life. THE ATTAINMENT OF BUDDHAHOOD BY WOMEN Historical Relationship of Women and Japanese Buddhism During the Middle Ages, Buddhism in Japan underwent a significant transformation. The new Buddhism movement, predicated on simpler, less esoteric religious practices (igyo-do), gained widespread acceptance among the general populace. It also redefined the roles that women occupied in Buddhism. The relationship between established Buddhist schools and women was among the first to change. It is generally acknowledged that the first three individuals in Japan to renounce the world and devote their lives to Buddhist practice were women. -
Construction and Verification of the Scale Detection Method for Traditional Japanese Music – a Method Based on Pitch Sequence of Musical Scales –
International Journal of Affective Engineering Vol.12 No.2 pp.309-315 (2013) Special Issue on KEER 2012 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Construction and Verification of the Scale Detection Method for Traditional Japanese Music – A Method Based on Pitch Sequence of Musical Scales – Akihiro KAWASE Department of Corpus Studies, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, 10-2 Midori-cho, Tachikawa City, Tokyo 190-8561, Japan Abstract: In this study, we propose a method for automatically detecting musical scales from Japanese musical pieces. A scale is a series of musical notes in ascending or descending order, which is an important element for describing the tonal system (Tonesystem) and capturing the characteristics of the music. The study of scale theory has a long history. Many scale theories for Japanese music have been designed up until this point. Out of these, we chose to formulate a scale detection method based on Seiichi Tokawa’s scale theories for traditional Japanese music, because Tokawa’s scale theories provide a versatile system that covers various conventional scale theories. Since Tokawa did not describe any of his scale detection procedures in detail, we started by analyzing his theories and understanding their characteristics. Based on the findings, we constructed the scale detection method and implemented it in the Java Runtime Environment. Specifically, we sampled 1,794 works from the Nihon Min-yo Taikan (Anthology of Japanese Folk Songs, 1944-1993), and performed the method. We compared the detection results with traditional research results in order to verify the detection method. If the various scales of Japanese music can be automatically detected, it will facilitate the work of specifying scales, which promotes the humanities analysis of Japanese music. -
Hybrid Identities of Buraku Outcastes in Japan
Educating Minds and Hearts to Change the World A publication of the University of San Francisco Center for the Volume IX ∙ Number 2 June ∙ 2010 Pacific Rim Copyright 2010 The Sea Otter Islands: Geopolitics and Environment in the East Asian Fur Trade >>..............................................................Richard Ravalli 27 Editors Joaquin Gonzalez John Nelson Shadows of Modernity: Hybrid Identities of Buraku Outcastes in Japan Editorial >>...............................................................Nicholas Mucks 36 Consultants Barbara K. Bundy East Timor and the Power of International Commitments in the American Hartmut Fischer Patrick L. Hatcher Decision Making Process >>.......................................................Christopher R. Cook 43 Editorial Board Uldis Kruze Man-lui Lau Syed Hussein Alatas: His Life and Critiques of the Malaysian New Economic Mark Mir Policy Noriko Nagata Stephen Roddy >>................................................................Choon-Yin Sam 55 Kyoko Suda Bruce Wydick Betel Nut Culture in Contemporary Taiwan >>..........................................................................Annie Liu 63 A Note from the Publisher >>..............................................Center for the Pacific Rim 69 Asia Pacific: Perspectives Asia Pacific: Perspectives is a peer-reviewed journal published at least once a year, usually in April/May. It Center for the Pacific Rim welcomes submissions from all fields of the social sciences and the humanities with relevance to the Asia Pacific 2130 Fulton St, LM280 region.* In keeping with the Jesuit traditions of the University of San Francisco, Asia Pacific: Perspectives com- San Francisco, CA mits itself to the highest standards of learning and scholarship. 94117-1080 Our task is to inform public opinion by a broad hospitality to divergent views and ideas that promote cross-cul- Tel: (415) 422-6357 Fax: (415) 422-5933 tural understanding, tolerance, and the dissemination of knowledge unreservedly. -
A Concentrated Group of Kofun Built in Various Sizes and Shapes a Virtually Reconstructed Aerial View of the Furuichi Area Chapter 3
A concentrated group of kofun built in various sizes and shapes A virtually reconstructed aerial view of the Furuichi area Chapter 3 Justification for Inscription 3.1.a Brief Synthesis 3.1.b Criteria under Which Inscription is Proposed 3.1.c Statement of Integrity 3.1.d Statement of Authenticity 3.1.e Protection and Management Requirements 3.2 Comparative Analysis 3.3 Proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Value 3.1.a Brief Synthesis 3.Justification for Inscription 3.1.a Brief Synthesis The property “Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group” is a tomb group of the king’s clan and the clan’s affiliates that ruled the ancient Japanese archipelago and took charge of diplomacy with contemporary East Asian powers. The tombs were constructed between the late 4th century and the late 5th century, which was the peak of the Kofun period, characterized by construction of distinctive mounded tombs called kofun. A set of 49 kofun in 45 component parts is located on a plateau overlooking the bay which was the maritime gateway to the continent, in the southern part of the Osaka Plain which was one of the important political cultural centers. The property includes many tombs with plans in the shape of a keyhole, a feature unique in the world, on an extraordinary scale of civil engineering work in terms of world-wide constructions; among these tombs several measure as much as 500 meters in mound length. They form a group, along with smaller tombs that are differentiated by their various sizes and shapes. In contrast to the type of burial mound commonly found in many parts of the world, which is an earth or piled- stone mound forming a simple covering over a coffin or a burial chamber, kofun are architectural achievements with geometrically elaborate designs created as a stage for funerary rituals, decorated with haniwa clay figures. -
Kamakura Period, Early 14Th Century Japanese Cypress (Hinoki) with Pigment, Gold Powder, and Cut Gold Leaf (Kirikane) H
A TEACHER RESOURCE 1 2 Project Director Nancy C. Blume Editor Leise Hook Copyright 2016 Asia Society This publication may not be reproduced in full without written permission of Asia Society. Short sections—less than one page in total length— may be quoted or cited if Asia Society is given credit. For further information, write to Nancy Blume, Asia Society, 725 Park Ave., New York, NY 10021 Cover image Nyoirin Kannon Kamakura period, early 14th century Japanese cypress (hinoki) with pigment, gold powder, and cut gold leaf (kirikane) H. 19½ x W. 15 x D. 12 in. (49.5 x 38.1 x 30.5 cm) Asia Society, New York: Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller 3rd Collection, 1979.205 Photography by Synthescape, courtesy of Asia Society 3 4 Kamakura Realism and Spirituality in the Sculpture of Japan Art is of intrinsic importance to the educational process. The arts teach young people how to learn by inspiring in them the desire to learn. The arts use a symbolic language to convey the cultural values and ideologies of the time and place of their making. By including Asian arts in their curriculums, teachers can embark on culturally diverse studies and students will gain a broader and deeper understanding of the world in which they live. Often, this means that students will be encouraged to study the arts of their own cultural heritage and thereby gain self-esteem. Given that the study of Asia is required in many state curriculums, it is clear that our schools and teachers need support and resources to meet the demands and expectations that they already face. -
The Heian Period
A Companion to Japanese History Edited by William M. Tsutsui Copyright © 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd CHAPTER TWO The Heian Period G. Cameron Hurst III Heian is Japan’s classical age, when court power was at its zenith and aristocratic culture flourished. Understandably, it has long been assiduously studied by historians. The Heian period is the longest of the accepted divisions of Japanese history, covering almost exactly 400 years. Its dates seem obvious: ‘‘The Heian period opened in 794 with the building of a new capital, Heian-kyo¯, later known as Kyoto. The Heian period closed in 1185 when the struggle for hegemony among the warrior families resulted in the victory of Minamoto no Yoritomo and most political initiatives devolved into his hands at his headquarters at Kamakura.’’1 Although the establishment of a new capital would seem irrefutable evidence of the start of a new ‘‘period,’’ some argue that the move of the capital from Nara to Nagaoka in 784 better marks the beginning of the era. Indeed, some even consider the accession of Emperor Kammu in 781 a better starting date. Heian gives way to the next period, the Kamakura era, at the end of the twelfth century and the conclusion of the Gempei War. The end dates are even more contested and include (1) 1180 and Taira no Kiyomori’s forced move of the capital to Fukuhara; (2) 1183 and the flight of the Taira from the capital; (3) 1185, the end of the war and Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa’s confirmation of Minamoto no Yoritomo’s right to appoint shugo and jito¯; or (4) 1192 and Yoritomo’s appointment as sho¯gun. -
Shinto in Nara Japan, 749-770: Deities, Priests, Offerings, Prayers, and Edicts in Shoku Nihongi
Shinto in Nara Japan, 749-770: Deities, Priests, Offerings, Prayers, and Edicts in Shoku Nihongi Ross Bender Published by PMJS Papers (23 November 2016) Premodern Japanese Studies (pmjs.org) Copyright © Ross Bender 2016 Bender, Ross. “Shinto in Nara Japan, 749-770: Deities, Priests, Offerings, Prayers, and Edicts in Shoku Nihongi.” PMJS: Premodern Japanese Studies (pmjs.org), PMJS Papers, November 2016. Note: This paper is a continuation of the thread “Shinto in Noh Drama (and Ancient Japan)” on PMJS.org listserve beginning June 14, 2016. PMJS Papers is an open-source platform for the publication of scholarly material and resources related to premodern Japan. Please direct inquiries to the editor, Matthew Stavros ([email protected]) End users of this work may copy, print, download and display content in part or in whole for personal or educational use only, provided the integrity of the text is maintained and full bibliographic citations are provided. All users should be end users. Secondary distribution or hosting of the digital text is prohibited, as is commercial copying, hiring, lending and other forms of monetized distribution without the express permission of the copyright holder. Enquiries should be directed to [email protected] Shinto in Nara Japan, 749-770: Deities, Priests, Offerings, Prayers, and Edicts in Shoku Nihongi PMJS Papers Copyright © Ross Bender 2016 Shinto has become something of a taboo word, especially in the context of discussions of ancient Japanese thought. Fundamentally of course this tendency began as a reaction to the unsavory imperialist and fascist state Shinto of prewar Japan, and to the notion that Shinto was the timeless, unchanging religion of the Japanese race. -
Review of Tomiko Yoda, Gender and National Literature: Heian Texts in the Constructions of Japanese Modernity
Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature Volume 6 Article 6 Number 1 Winter 2007 Winter 2007 Review of Tomiko Yoda, Gender and National Literature: Heian Texts in the Constructions of Japanese Modernity. Naomi Fukumori The Ohio State University Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Recommended Citation Fukumori, Naomi (2007). Review of "Review of Tomiko Yoda, Gender and National Literature: Heian Texts in the Constructions of Japanese Modernity.," Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature: Vol. 6 : No. 1 Available at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl/vol6/iss1/6 This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. https://repository.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl/vol6/iss1/6 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fukumori: Fukumori on Yoda Tomiko Yoda, Gender and National Literature: Heian Texts in the Constructions of Japanese Modernity. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004. xvi + 277pp. ISBN 082233237x (paper). Reviewed by Naomi Fukumori The Ohio State University As the title of Tomiko Yoda's book suggests, gender and national literature are imbricated in Japan's construction of its modernity. Central to this construction is the role of vernacular narratives written primarily by women in the Heian period (794-1185), particularly those of the tenth and eleventh centuries, which have long been cornerstones of the Japanese literary canon. Because Chinese, as the lingua franca of East Asia, played a role similar to that of Latin in Europe, much of the surviving output of "literature" as such in early Japan was written in Chinese by male courtiers. -
Japanese History: Origins to the Twelfth Century
M01_CRAI5247_02_SE_C01.qxd 5/18/10 5:12 PM Page 1 CHAPTER ONE Japanese History: Origins to the Twelfth Century A twelfth century Japanese fan. Superimposed on a painting of a gorgeously clad nobleman and his lady in a palace setting are verses in Chinese from a Buddhist sutra. The aesthetic pairing of sacred and secular was a feature of life at the Heian court. The fan could well have been used by a figure in Sei Sh¯onagon’s Pillow Book. [Tokyo National Museum] CHAPTER OUTLINE Beginnings Nara and Heian Japan Aristocratic Culture and Buddhism Early Japan in Historical Perspective 1 M01_CRAI5247_02_SE_C01.qxd 5/18/10 5:12 PM Page 2 2 Chapter 1 • Japanese History: Origins to the Twelfth Century BEGINNINGS The earth is 4.5 billion years old, and Asia, 1 billion. Over eons, limestone, sand, and salt were deposited on the Asian continental shelf. About 200 million years ago, the crest of islands now known as Japan rose from the sea as the North Pacific and Philippine plates descended under the continental shelf. As the mountainous islands weathered, areas of the sedimentary layer wore off, leaving the Japanese Alps, extru- sions of granite. Friction between the plates descending under the shelf produced volcanoes that added a surface layer of volcanic ash. The island arc of Japan has the same range of climates as the United States. On the northern island of Hokkaido, which became a part of Japan only in recent centuries, ice and snow may last into spring. On the southern island of Kyushu, palm trees dot the shores of Kagoshima and Miyazaki. -
The Classicism of the Nara Period (8Th Century) in Japan Anales Del Instituto De Investigaciones Estéticas, Vol
Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas ISSN: 0185-1276 [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas México Tanaka, Hidemichi The Classicism of the Nara period (8th century) in Japan Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, vol. XXXIII, núm. 98, 2011, pp. 237-248 Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36921103007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative HIDEMICHI TANAKA akita intnatinal univsity, japan The Classicism of the Nara period (8th century) in Japan Japanese Classicism of the Nara period nlik Europan at histy, where the development of styles has been a dominant consideration, the history of Japanese art has been approached against a schema of dynastic changes. It is fundamental Uthat art history should be analyzed in terms of style itself, and not simply against the background provided by political history. We know that Eurocen- trism has been criticized recently from a multiculturalist perspective, but this should be no obstacle to the use by other cultures of similar methods to those applied to European art history. Using such approaches, Japanese art could be seen to be compatible with Western art. My book, A History of Japanese Art, published in an English edition, is an attempt along those lines.1 This paper is also one approach to explaining the Japanese style of Classi- cism, which could be compared with Renaissance Classical art in Europe. -
Mounded Tomb Cultures of Three Kingdoms Period Korea and Yamato Japan
Mounded Tomb Cultures of Three Kingdoms Period Korea and Yamato Japan: A Study of Golden Regalia and Cultural Interactions THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Angela Jean Haugen Graduate Program in East Asian Studies The Ohio State University 2010 Master's Examination Committee: John Huntington, Advisor Susan Huntington Thomas Kasulis Copyright by Angela Jean Haugen 2010 Abstract This paper examines the relationships between the Three Kingdoms period Korea (57 B.C.E. to 668 C.E.) and the Kofun period (250-538 C.E.) in Japan. The methodology of this study includes examination of the mounded tombs and grave goods through photographs and English translations of historical texts and various secondary sources. We know that there was contact between the peoples on the Korean peninsula and the Japanese archipelago at this time. This contact consisted of trade, war, and migration of the elite families who wore gold jewelry of the type found in the tombs as well as the importation of skilled laborers. Due to the similarities in tomb construction, visual vocabulary, and identical shamanistic iconography, it is the conclusion of this paper that the people who wore this jewelry were a unified culture of political and spiritual leaders. The elite families from Baekje and Yamato Wa in particular participated in a shared culture, which was shamanistically ruled, with no apparent cultural boundaries between the areas due to intermarriage between Baekje and Yamato Wa families. Establishment of this shared culture offers a new perspective on what have been contentious issues among Korean and Japanese scholars. -
Differences and Reasons of Japanese Female Official Systems Between Nara and Heian Period
2019 2nd International Conference on Cultures, Languages and Literatures, and Arts (CLLA 2019) Differences and reasons of Japanese female official systems between Nara and Heian period Zhengdong Xu College of Foreign Languages, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China Keywords: Female official system; Nara period; Heian period; Differences Abstract: As a political role, female officials played an important role in the political process of ancient Japan. The system of female officials in Japan was established in Nara period and lasted until to Edo period. Female officials were important in the overall political operation of the country. In the Heian period, Female official system showed new directions of development. There are some differences between Nara and Heian period. As for the term “female official”, it appeared at the end of Nara period or the beginning of Heian period. They were also called "court women" in the early historical materials. With regard to the differences and reasons of female official systems in Nara and Heian period, this paper attempts to discuss this question from social history, female history, marriage history and so on. Through the analysis of the historical data, this paper believes that the changes of female official system in political activities between Nara and Heian period may be related to the changes of marriage, family and social structure behind them. 1. Introduction Since Taika Reform in 645, Japan has carried out many reforms successively, gradually breaking away from the original social structure and moving towards a centralized state system. Women have always played an important role in the local production and domination in ancient Japan.