Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48100 CAMP, Mark Jeffrey, 1947- PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSCA of THREE SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN,MARL DEPOSITS

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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48100 CAMP, Mark Jeffrey, 1947- PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSCA of THREE SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN,MARL DEPOSITS INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality, is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that die copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of die page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48100 CAMP, Mark Jeffrey, 1947- PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSCA OF THREE SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN,MARL DEPOSITS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1974 Paleontology Xerox University Microfilms Ann, Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSCA OF THREE SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN MARL DEPOSITS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mark Jeffrey Camp, B.S., M.S. *;* ********* The Ohio State University 1974 Reading Committee: Approved By Professor Aurele La Rocque, Adviser Professor Stig M. Bergstrom Adviser ]/ Professor George E. Moore. Jr Department of Geology and Mineralogy Professor Charles H. Summerson ACKNOWLEDGMENTS X extend my sincere appreciation to ray adviser, Dr. Aurele La Rocque, for his help and advice during field work, laboratory preparation, and the writing of this manuscript. I also thank the Geological Survey Division, State of Michigan for permitting access to unpublished reports on the marl deposits of Michigan. My field assistants Mike Burke, Carl Hopfinger, Frank Majchszak, Chuck Nlcewonder, and Nick Valkenburg, all of the University of Toledo, deserve recognition for their help in collecting the samples. I also wish to extend my thanks to Merrell Miller of The Ohio State University for his help in identification of the ostracodes. ii VITA December 19, 1947 ......... Born -- Toledo, Ohio 1970 ...................... B.S. (Geology), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 1970-1971 ................. Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Geology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio * 1971-1972 ................. National Science Foundation Trainee, Department of Geology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 1972 ...................... M.S. (Geology), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 1972-1974 ................. Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS - "Mass Extinctions Correlated with Periodic Galactic Events." Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 81, p. 911-914, 1970 "A Review of the Growth of the Geological Sciences at the University of Toledo." The Compass, Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 49, p. 89-98, 1972. " Pleistocene Lacustrine Deposits and Molluscan Paleontology of Western Ohio, Eastern Indiana, and Southern Michigan." Sterkiana, n. 52, p. 1-27, 1973. " Pleistocene Mollusca of Marl Lake, St. Joseph County, Michigan (Abstr.)." Geol. Soc. America Abstracts with Program, v. 6, n. 6, North-Central Section, p. 495-496, 1974. iii FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Geology Studies in Paleontology and Paleoecology. Professor Aurele La Rocque. Studies in Pleistocene Moliuscan Paleoecology. Professor Aurele La Rocque. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................. ii VITA ............................... ill LIST OF TABLES ................................................... vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...........................................viii INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 Nature and Purpose ........................................ 1 Location of Deposits ................................... I Method of Investigation ................ 3 Previous Work ................. 5 PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN ................... 7 Regional Geology ........................................... 7 Drainage History ........................................... 9 Lacustrine Deposits ........................ 10 MOLLUSCAN ECOLOGY .................................... 16 Autecology ........................................... 16 Paleoecology ............................... 61 GEOLOGY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF LITTLE GOOSE, LIME, AND MARL LAKES . 64 Little Goose Lake, Lenawee County .......................... 64 Glacial Geology ..... :................................ 64 Stratigraphic Section.. ............................... 67 v. Page Faunal Abundance ...................................... 69 Nature of the Environment ................... 71 Lime Lake, Livingston C o u n t y ....................... 82 Glacial Geology ....... 82 Stratigraphic Section ....................... 86 Faunal Abundance ...................................... 87 Nature of the Environment ..... 93 Marl Lake, Livingston County ............................... 95 Glacial Geology ............................... 95 Stratigraphic Section ................................. 99 Faunal Abundance .................................. 99 Nature of the Environment ............................. 105 MOLLUSCAN ECOLOGY OF LITTLE GOOSE LAKE ........... 108 General ......... 108 Fauna ......... 108 Depth of Water ...... 110 Bottom Sediment ............................................ Ill Water Turbulence ........................................... Ill Floral Associations .............................. Ill Faunal Associations .................... 112 DISCUSSION ........................................................ 112 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................... 123 REFERENCES CITED ........................................ 126 APPENDIX I, INDEX OF SPECIES ................................... 137 vi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Classic Sequence of Ancestral Lakes in the Lake Erie and Lake Huron Basins ............ 11 Table 2. Pleistocene Molluscan Fauna of Goose Lake Deposit ... 69 Table 3. Vertical Distribution of the Pleistocene Faunal Elements of the Little Goose Lake Deposit ..... 72 Table 4. Vertical Distribution of the Pleistocene Faunal Elements of the Lime Lake Deposit ....... 89 Table 5. Vertical Distribution of the Pleistocene Faunal Elements of the Marl Lake Deposit ................... 101 Table 6. Comparison of Wisconsinan and Living Aquatic Mollusks, Little Goose Lake, Lenawee County, Michigan .......................... 109 Table 7. Summary Diagram of Lithologic Distribution of Mollusca from Little Goose,- Lime, and Marl Lakes, Michigan .................................. 118 Table 8. Optimal Temperatures of Freshwater Gastropoda ....... 123 vil LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Generalized Glacial Nap of Southern Michigan ...... 2 Figure 2. Stages of Development of a Typical Marl Lake ..... 13 Figure 3. Little Goose Lake and Vicinity, Lenawee County, Michigan .......................................... 66 Figure 4. Cross Section of Shoreline and Littoral Zone, Little Goose Lake, Lenawee County, Michigan ..... 68 Figure .. 5. Lime Lake and Vicinity, Livingston County, Michigan ...................................... .. •. 84 Figure 6. Cross Section of Shoreline and Littoral Zone, Lime Lake, Livingston County, Michigan ........... 88 Figure 7. Marl Lake and Vicinity, Livingston County, Michigan .......................................... 96 Figure 8. Cross Section of Shoreline and Littoral Zone, Marl Lake, Livingston County, Michigan ........... 100 Figure 9. Comparisons of Little Goose Lake, Lime Lake, and Marl Lake Sections ............................ 117 Figure 10. Molluscan Habitats of a Typical Marl Lake ....... 122 Plate I, Vertical Distribution of Molluscan Species in the Little Goose Lake Section .................... 73 viii Page Plate II. Vertical Distribution of Molluscan Species in i the Little Goose Lake Section ................... 75 Plate III. Vertical Distribution of Molluscan Species in the Little Goose Lake Section ................... 77 Plate IV. Vertical Distribution of Molluscan Species in the Little Goose Lake Section ................... 78 Plate V. Vertical Distribution of Molluscan Species in the Lime Lake Section
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