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Strobilops Aeneus Pilsbry, 1926, in Canada, with Two New Ontario Records (Mollusca: Gastropoda

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Strobilops Aeneus Pilsbry, 1926, in Canada, with Two New Ontario Records (Mollusca: Gastropoda Check List 10(2): 397–401, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution N Distribution of Strobilops aeneus Pilsbry, 1926, in Canada, with two new Ontario records (Mollusca: Gastropoda: ISTRIBUTIO Strobilopsidae) D 1* 2 RAPHIC Robert G. Forsyth , and Michael J. Oldham G EO G 1 New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2K 1E5 N 2 Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, 300 Water Street, PO Box 7000, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 8M5 O * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] OTES N Abstract: The geographic distribution of Strobilops aeneus Pilsbry, 1926, a rare species in Canada, is reviewed and all known records are mapped. Two recent records, the only ones since 1941, are reported from the province of Ontario. One of these records represents a small range extension ca S. aeneus from Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were re-examined and found to be another species. 85 km north of the closest previous site. Specimens identified as There are just over 200 species of land snails and from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, and by Lauriol slugs in Canada, and while the majority of species are et al. (2003) in a palaeoecological study of Holocene broad Nearctic or Holarctic ranges, others are range-edge species that occur in Canada just north of the border with southwestern Quebec. There are no published records of the United States (Forsyth 2013). Southern Ontario has thecave species infill on from the New Eardley Brunswick, Escarpment, but the Gatineau New Brunswick Park, in special malacological interest because of a concentration of range-edge species that in Canada only occur here and have restricted ranges (Pilsbry 1940, 1946, 1948; Oughton andMuseum a key had to Strobilopsone record species. identified The as genus this species., as it occurs in 1948). This region, one of the most biodiverse areas in Canada,Pilsbry is recognized(1927, 1948) by the provided combination descriptions, of the following figures, Canada (Warman et al. 2004; Ontario Biodiversity Council characters. Shells are small (diameter, 2.3–2.9 mm), 2010), is at the heart of the Mixedwood Plains ecozone conical or dome-shaped, and with riblets on at least the (Figure 1), which borders the upper St. Lawrence River upper surface of the whorls. Inside the last whorl, there are various barriers in the form of parietal, basal and (in Working Group 1995). However, the Mixedwood Plains some) palatal spiral lamellae. Among Canadian pupilloids, isand almost easternmost completely Great dominated Lakes (Ecologicalby human landStratification uses and the presence of these barriers at all post-embryonic stages habitat loss has been severe, with 88% of the ecozone’s of growth is noteworthy. Full-grown shells are marked by a other uses (Kerr and Deguise 2004). Since European 1927, 1948; Schileyko 1998). colonizationarea modified began, by intensive the majority agriculture, of natural urbanization forest cover and finalAmong expansion the andCanadian thickening species of theof aperturalStrobilops, lip S. (Pilsbry aeneus in much of this region has been lost (Butt et al. 2005). is distinguished from the two other species by its lower Natural forests exist nowadays as small, isolated patches, spire, with nearly straight sides, three or four basal and no which are under ongoing habitat loss and degradation by invasive species (Forsyth 2013). Among Canadian provinces and territories, Ontario broaderpalatal lamellae umbilicus, rather less than deeply altogether rounded five or aperture, more internal and is relatively well known for terrestrial molluscs. The compressedbasal and parietal last whorl lamellae, (Table the 1; flattened Figures 2–4). base Thewith width slightly of historically most important person associated with the umbilicus was said to differ between species (Pilsbry the Ontario malacofauna is John Oughton, who in 1948 measure, and possibly uninformative when compared to study of terrestrial snails and slugs of the province the1927, other, 1948) more but easily this observedwas found characters. to be subtle, difficult to (Oughtonpublished the1948). first Oneand onlyof a comprehensive few species that biogeographic he newly There has been confusion between S. aeneus and its recorded is a small, rare land snail, Strobilops aeneus congeners in collections and the literature. This stems Pilsbry, 1926. from the fact that (at least some) adult shells of the other Strobilops aeneus belongs to the orthurethran family species are obtusely angular at the periphery but also more strongly angular when immature. Without looking at in its family and genus in North America (Pilsbry 1948; all the characters separating these species, it is possible to TurgeonStrobilopsidae et al. 1998) (Pilsbry and 1927, one of 1948). three It species is one ofin fiveCanada species (La misidentify other Strobilops species as S. aeneus. Among Rocque 1953). The other species in Canada are S. affinis the three Canadian Strobilops species, S. aeneus is the most Pilsbry, 1893, and S. labyrinthicus (Say, 1817). Elsewhere distinctive; S. labyrinthicus and S. affinis in Canada, S. aeneus was reported by MacMillan (1954) to distinguish from each other. are more difficult 397 Forsyth and Oldham | Strobilops aeneus in Canada This has included a variety of sampling methods including this species in eastern Ontario by Forsyth. This was during hand searching as well as drift and litter sampling. Within a generalThis paper reconnaissance-type was initiated because survey of for the terrestrial chance find snails of the roughly 1,500 samples taken over this period, Strobilops aeneus were found only once. The Ontario days from 11–16 September 2012. Time spent at each site Ministry of Natural Resources provided a research permit wasin the usually Ottawa brief area. but Twenty the intent sites werewas tosurveyed search overas many five to Oldham to collect in Wheatley and other provincial sites and habitats as possible. Sites varied from urban to parks. rural and included alvars, natural forests, and a variety Several collections were consulted, including the of disturbed habitats. Snails were searched for by hand- Canadian Museum of Nature (Gatineau, Quebec; CMN), searching appropriate microhabitats. A hand-held Global New Brunswick Museum (Saint John, New Brunswick; Positioning System receiver (Garmin eTrex Vista HC) NBM), Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto, Ontario; ROM), Nova Scotia Museum (Halifax, Nova Scotia; NSM), WGS84. and Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, wasFor used over to find21 geopositionalyears, one of data; us (Oldham) the datum has used made was Pennsylvania; CMNH). The CMN and NBM were visited in general surveys all over Ontario for terrestrial molluscs. person. Correspondences with collections’ personnel and Table 1. Characteristics of Strobilops spp. in Canada adapted from Pilsbry (1927, 1948). Species Strobilops aeneus (Figure 2) Strobilops labyrinthicus (Figure 3) Strobilops affinis (Figure 4) 3 or 4 basal lamellae; no palatal Usually about 8 basal and palatal Basal/palatal lamellae Usually 5 or 6 basal and palatal folds lamella folds Spire Lower, conical, sides slightly convex Domed; sides convex Domed; sides convex Periphery of last whorl Prominently angular due to Rounded or obtusely subangular but Rounded or obtusely subangular (adults) compressed last whorl last whorl not compressed but last whorl not compressed Flattened; aperture not Rounded; aperture downwardly Rounded; aperture downwardly Base/aperture/ downwardly rounded; last whorl rounded; last whorl deeper (in rounded; last whorl deeper (in last whorl of adults narrow (in apertural view) apertural view) apertural view) 2.4–2.7 mm (largest Ontario Diameter 2.3–2.5 mm 2.75–2.9 mm specimen 2.9 mm) Figure 1. Strobilops aeneus. Numbers correspond to localities in Table 1. The green line represents the northern limit of the Mixedwood Plains ecozone. Abbreviations of counties or regions: CK, Chatham- Kent Regional Southern Municipality; Ontario ES, showing Essex County;historical HL, records Halton (open Regional circles) Municipality; and new HD,records Haldimand (filled circles)County; of HT, Hastings County; LG, Leeds and Grenville United Counties; OT, Ottawa. 398 Forsyth and Oldham | Strobilops aeneus in Canada loans or photographs of specimens were arranged from aeneus were found in these collections (Table 2). Some of the other institutions. this material was found in samples of stream drift, which Because the historical records lack geopositional data, probably accounts for its poor condition, either broken or for the purposes of mapping, topographic maps were used immature, or both. One of these old records containing a mixture of species (ROMIZ M6445) was apparently Oughton’s dot map of Strobilops aeneus shows six overlooked by Oughton. It consists of a single, broken shell occurrencesto find approximate (three “good”latitude records and longitude. and three “doubtful”) of S. aeneus mixed in with S. affinis. Of the six old records, scattered along the Great Lakes from Essex County in one (UMMZ 180493) is doubtfully S. aeneus. The original the west to Leeds County in the east (Oughton 1948). label, presumably by Oughton, also suggests doubt. The majority of Oughton’s collections ultimately ended During study of ROM specimens, it was found that up divided between the UMMZ (University of Michigan specimens of Strobilops affinis were subsequently re- Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan) and ROM, and it S. aeneus by another researcher. These are not S. aeneus but rather S. affinis individual specimen lots. However, six specimen lots of S. Oughton.identified as is with difficultly that dots on his map can be linked with as originally identified by Figure 2–4. Strobilops species in Canada. 2, S. aeneus, Morris Island Conservation Area, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Table 2, site 8), leg. R. G. Forsyth, 11 S. labyrinthicus, Pink Road Alvar, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, leg. S. affinis, 0.5 mile east of Nancy SeptemberLake, King Township,2012 (45°27′32.9″ York County, N, 076°16′17.4″ Ontario, Canada, W), diameter leg.
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