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Jass, J.P. 2004. Distribution of Gastropods in Wisconsin

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Jass, J.P. 2004. Distribution of Gastropods in Wisconsin ) Errata for MPM Contributions ...N.99 • The hydrobiid Cincinnatia integra occurs in Wisconsin but records for it were omitted in error. • Specimens upon which the Patera pennsylvanica records were based are not from Wisconsin. • Theler, LL. 1997. The modern terrestrial gastropod (land snail) fauna of western Wisconsin's hill prairies. The Nautilus 110(4):111-121.--this paper and its records were in error omitted from this compilation. N. 99 March 17, 2004 [ n Biology and Geology ~ ~ Distributions of Gastropods u in Wisconsin ~ •.......• By Joan P Jass Invertebrate Zoology Section .......J Milwaukee Public Museum 800 West Wells Street ~ ::J Milwaukee, WI 53233 ::J ~ p..... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ::J -< Z ~ .......J 0 •.......• Milwaukee Public ~ U MUSEUM Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology Paul Mayer, Editor Reviewer for this Publication: R. T. Dillion, College of Charleston Funded by the Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey program of the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. This publication is priced at $6.00 and may be obtained by writing to the Museum Shop, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Orders must include $3.00 for shipping and handling ($4.00 for foreign destinations) and must be accompanied by money order or check drawn on U.S. bank. Money orders or checks should be made payable to the Milwaukee Public Museum, Inc. Wisconsin residents please add 5% sales tax. ISBN 0-89326-212-9 ©2004 Milwaukee Public Museum, Inc. Abstract Wisconsin county records for freshwater and terrestrial gastropod mollusks are compiled, from the literature and from specimens in the Milwaukee Public Museum collection. 148 species from 29 gastropod families have been recorded in the state. Introduction The health and status of molluscan faunas are vital concerns for those dedicated to protecting the diversity of life. Mollusks are among the most diverse of all animals in form, structure, habit, and number of species (Turgeon et at. \998). Within the Mollusca, by far the greatest number of species belong to the group known as gastropods, the aquatic and terrestrial snails and slugs. Though slugs and snails have a basic familiarity due their presence in gardens and other habitats near our homes, the majority of gastropod species are unknown to the general public as well as to many biologists. In order for scientists, resource managers, and amateur naturalists to address conservation issues connected to these animals, it is important to take the initial step of determining current distributions for members of this large and diverse group. This work is necessary for the determination of species ranges in the eastern United States (U.S.), which requires differentiating between actual distribution gaps and gaps due simply to lack of collecting. Increase A. Lapham (1852, 1860) published the first lists of Wisconsin mollusk species but, in keeping with the standards of his day, he did not tie the records to voucher specimens. Some of his localities lack sufficient specificity for citing here; for example, "N.W. Territory." If he has named rivers that run through more than one county, these will be cited here only if more specific subsequent records are lacking. A half century later, George H. Chadwick spent the summer of 1902 in the state and initiated an effort to document the Wisconsin molluscan fauna with the support of the Wisconsin Natural History Society. Chadwick's work was reported in two publications (1905, 1906), the second of which detailed the localities on voucher specimens deposited in the collection of the Milwaukee Public Museum. He also added Wisconsin locality data from notes found handwritten in the margins of various malacological works in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections volumes of the Milwaukee Public Library and Museum libraries, but because of their uncertain origin these will not be repeated here. Chadwick (1906) and his associates were able to confirm the presence in the state of 79 of the gastropod species that had been originally recorded by Lapham. Those Lapham listings that they were unable to confirm that have not been reported subsequently are not included here. Although it was 2 I MPM Contributions in Biology and Geology Number 99 meant to be the initial step in a survey of the state, Chadwick's (1906) collab- oration with the Wisconsin Natural History Society began with work in the Milwaukee vicinity but got no further. Prior to the present work, statewide surveys of Wisconsin's gastropods were done by Baker (1928) for freshwater and by Levi and Levi (1950) for terrestrial species. Morrison (1929a, I929b) was limited to Dane and Crawford, Solem (1952) to Door, and Teskey (1954) to Brown County mollusks. Roy's (1963) intended scope was statewide but he did not include a number of significant studies, such as Lapham (1852, 1860), Chadwick (1905, 1906) and Morrison (1929a, 1929b). Jass (1986) focused on Milwaukee Public Museum (MPM) collection specimens determined by Hubricht subsequent to his summary (Hubricht 1985) of distribution records. In his recommendations for the future, Hubricht (1985) cited Wisconsin as one of the states in need of work on its terrestrial gastropod fauna. This paper is an attempt to compile all Wisconsin county records, in the hopes that this synthesis may provide a basis and impetus for the more thorough look at the gastropod fauna that Hubricht called for. The exclusion of "gray literature" means that a number of records, from sources such as governmental reports on the federal and state level, will be absent from this compilation. However, the intent is to focus on those records available to all who search standard bibliographic sources. The current situation is still poor in terms of achieving a comprehensive picture of Wisconsin snail distributions, but this compilation shows that more is known than might have been assumed from some of the more narrowly focused perspectives of the past. Methods Wisconsin gastropod distribution records presented here include data from two sources: 1) the first time a record for a particular county appears in the literature and 2) records from museum specimens, which unless otherwise stated are from the MPM collection. Each county, or series of counties if from the same source, is followed by a three-letter code in parentheses after the name(s) to indicate the source of the record (Table I). If the record is from a bibliographic source, the code is also given after the appropriate entry in the Literature Cited section. Synonymies in Baker (1928), Basch (1963), Burch (1982), LaRocque (1970) and Roy (1963) guided the use of names from the older literature. In cases where the currently accepted name is significantly different, the older name used by the source author may be included following the three-letter code. If they have been placed under a Recent species name, records for Pleistocene fossils will be included here. Figure 1 is a Wisconsin map with a number for each county in the accompanying alphabetical list. Martin's (1965) geographical monograph was of some assistance in locating formerly used Wisconsin place names. Note that Menominee County Jass- Wisconsin Gastropods I 3 was for some years part of Shawano County; if an author has indicated a locality that can be assigned to the currently proper county, it will be reported there. TABLE 1 Reference codes. BAK Baker (1928) CHA Chadwick (1906) ECW Wiswall (1897) HUB Hubricht (1985) JAS Jass (1986) LAP Lapham (1852) LA2 Lapham (1860) L&L Levi and Levi (1950) MAR Marston (1890) MOA Morrison (1929a) MOB Morrison (1929b) M32 Morrison (1932) P&J Pilsbry and Johnson (1897-8) SOL Solem (1952) TES Teskey (1954) Results The Wisconsin records include species from 29 (10 freshwater, 19 terrestrial) gastropod families. Table 2 shows their taxonomic relationships to each other and designates which are freshwater and which are terrestrial. The classification used is that of Turgeon et al. (1998). In parentheses following each family is the number of species that have been recorded from Wisconsin. In the following review, freshwater species are presented first, followed by terrestrial ones, alphabetically by family, and under family, alphabetically by species. The author and date of the original description of each gastropod follows its genus and specific names. Each treatment also has a Remarks and a County records portion. The Remarks include a common name (often colorful!) if given by Turgeon et al. (1998), as well as any additional comments about range or other information. Due to the high degree of uncertainty in the field of freshwater and terrestrial gastropod taxonomy currently, the construction of keys identifying species is best left to expert taxonomists. Reliable distinctions often depend on study of the internal anatomy of the animals. Because of the frequency with which immature snails may be encountered in the field, it is important to note that characteristic traits given for shell size (of course), but also for shape and sculpturing, hold true only in reference to the features of the adult 4 I MPM Contributions in Biology and Geology Number 99 shell. Though some idea of family traits is briefly given here, only in some cases do all the member species share a feature or features that facilitate an easy family level identification. Freshwater Gastropoda (68) Ten freshwater families have been reported from Wisconsin. Baker's (1928) sources will not be cited separately but instead all will be given the code BAK. Although Baker's subspecies have been lumped under their species listings here, his thorough monographic study sheds an invaluable light on intraspecific variation in the state's freshwater mollusks that still provides insights for researchers of today. Recent keys to freshwater families and genera are available in Smith (2001) and Thorp and Covich (2001). Freshwater snail respiration is by gills or by an air-filled "lung," depending on the family.
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