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George Palade 1912-2008
George Palade, 1912-2008 Biography George Palade was born in November, 1912 in Jassy, Romania to an academic family. He graduated from the School of Medicine of the The Founding of Cell Biology University of Bucharest in 1940. His doctorial thesis, however, was on the microscopic anatomy of the cetacean delphinus Delphi. He The discipline of Cell Biology arose at Rockefeller University in the late practiced medicine in the second world war, and for a brief time af- 1940s and the 1950s, based on two complimentary techniques: cell frac- terwards before coming to the USA in 1946, where he met Albert tionation, pioneered by Albert Claude, George Palade, and Christian de Claude. Excited by the potential of the electron microscope, he Duve, and biological electron microscopy, pioneered by Keith Porter, joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, where he did Albert Claude, and George Palade. For the first time, it became possible his seminal work. He left Rockefeller in 1973 to chair the new De- to identify the components of the cell both structurally and biochemi- partment of Cell Biology at Yale, and then in 1990 he moved to the cally, and therefore begin understanding the functioning of cells on a University of California, San Diego as Dean for Scientific Affairs at molecular level. These individuals participated in establishing the Jour- the School of Medicine. He retired in 2001, at age 88. His first wife, nal of Cell Biology, (originally the Journal of Biochemical and Biophysi- Irina Malaxa, died in 1969, and in 1970 he married Marilyn Farquhar, cal Cytology), which later led, in 1960, to the organization of the Ameri- another prominent cell biologist, and his scientific collaborator. -
Nov. Issue of ASCB Newsletter
ASCB NOVEMBER 2010 NEWSLETTER VOLUME 33, NUMBER 10 Improving Submit Images to Work–Life Satisfaction The Cell: An Image Library Page 15 Published Images and Videos Accepted To further discovery and education, the ASCB’s repository for cellular images and videos accepts Are You First published and unpublished work. According to Caroline Kane, the PI for The Cell: An Image Author or Last? Library, “This new repository of cell images is expertly reviewed and annotated to provide a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and the general public. Access to the database is Page 21 free and open. The Cell aims to advance research and, ultimately, have a positive impact upon human health and education.” The Cell’s expanded licensing options for contributors and users will promote faster growth and enhanced usefulness. The Cell is available as a repository for images in published articles Cell Biology and supplementary materials. It can also serve as an archive for additional images and movies Italian Style that helped lead to discovery. Page 23 Understanding Distribution Rights The Cell welcomes unpublished and previously published images, but contributors must have the distribution rights. Many publishers, like the ASCB, which publishes Molecular Biology of the Cell, allow authors to retain copyright. However, publishers may nevertheless limit distribution Inside of the work. Limitations may relate to intended use (commercial and/or educational), alteration, and attribution. Authors should confirm the distribution rights before selecting the appropriate Public Policy Briefing 3 option when contributing to The Cell. Contributors with appropriate distribution rights might select a public domain license. Annual Meeting Program 6 This license is appropriate for those who own copyright without limitations as well as for those Networking at Annual Meeting 11 submitting images or videos where all authors are U.S. -
Marilyn Gist Farquhar (1928-2019)
Marilyn Gist Farquhar 1928–2019 A Biographical Memoir by Dorothy Ford Bainton, Pradipta Ghosh, and Samuel C. Silverstein ©2021 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. MARILYN GIST FARQUHAR July 11, 1928–November 23, 2019 Elected to the NAS, 1984 Marilyn Farquhar will be remembered professionally for her original contributions to the fields of intercellular junctions, which she discovered and described in collab- oration with George Palade, membrane trafficking (endo- cytosis, regulation of pituitary hormone secretion, and crinophagy), localization, signaling, the pharmacology of intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins and the discovery of novel modulators of these G proteins, and podocyte biology and pathology. Over her 65-year career she was a founder of three of these fields (intercellular junctions, crinophagy, and spatial regulation of intracellular G-pro- tein signaling) and was a recognized and valued leader in guiding the evolution of all of them. She sponsored, mentored, and nurtured 64 pre- and postdoctoral fellows, By Dorothy Ford Bainton, Pradipta Ghosh, and Samuel research associates, and visiting scientists. Her work was C. Silverstein largely supported by uninterrupted funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She was listed as one of the ten most cited women authors by Citation Index from 1981 to 1989. She served as President of the American Society of Cell Biology (1981-1982) and received the society’s prestigious E. B. Wilson Award for her many contributions to basic cell biology in 1987, the Distinguished Scientist Medal of the Electron Microscopy Society of America (1987), the Homer Smith Award of the American Society of Nephrology (1988), the Histochemical Society’s Gomori award (1999), FASEB’s Excel- lence in Science Award (2006), and the Rous-Whipple (1991) and Gold Headed Cane (2020) awards of the American Society for Investigative Pathology. -
A REVOLUTION in the PHYSIOLOGY of the LIVING CELL FUTURE ANNUAL MEETINGS of by Gilbert N
A REVOLUTION IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVING CELL FUTURE ANNUAL MEETINGS OF by Gilbert N. Ling Orig. Ed. 1992 404 pp. $64.50 THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ISBN 0-89464-398-3 CELL BIOLOGY The essence of a major revolution in cell physiology -the first since the cell was recognized as the basic unit of life a century and a half ago - is presented and altemative theories are discussed in this text. Although the conventional mem- brane-pump theory is still being taught, a new theory of the living cell, called the association-induction hypothesis has been proposed. It has successfullywfthstood 1995 twenty-five years of worldwide testing and has already generated an enhancing DC diagnostic tool ofgreat power, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).This volume is Washington, intended forteachers, students and researchers ofbiology and medicine. December 9-13 i't...a correct basic theory of cell physiology, besides its great intrinsic value in mankind's search forknowledge aboutourselves and the world we live in, willalso play a crucial role in the ultimate conquest of cancer, AIDS, and other incurable 1996 diseases.'-from the Introduction. ASCB Annual Meeting/ on Cell Biology t When ordering please add t".Ling turns cellphysiology upside down. He Sixth International Congress $5.00 first bookl$1.50 each ad- practicallyredefines the cell. He provides com- San Francisco, California ditional book to cover shipping pellingevidencefor headequacyofhis theoryn December 7-11 charges. Foreign shipping costs evidence that cannot fail to impress even the available upon request. most extreme skeptics....'- Gerald H. Pollock, _ Ph.D., Univ. ofWashington. -
The Magic Is the Protein.’’ Don’T Wait a Lifetime for a Decision
Vol. 19 / No. 4 / April 2020 THE MEMBER MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ‘‘ The magic isn’t the squid… The magic is the protein.’’ Don’t wait a lifetime for a decision. C. elegans daf-2 mutants can live up to 40 days. JBC takes only 17 days on average to reach a fi rst decision about your paper. Learn more about fast, rigorous review at jbc.org. www.jbc.org NEWS FEATURES PERSPECTIVES 2 22 37 EDITOR’S NOTE ‘THE MAGIC ISN’T THE SQUID ... USE THE MIC! Caution: Tchotchkes at work The magic is the protein.’ 38 3 28 WHAT CAN YOUR OMBUDS OFFICE MEMBER UPDATE ‘START SIMPLE. IT ALWAYS GETS DO FOR YOU? MORE COMPLICATED.’ 6 A conversation with Paul Dawson IN MEMORIAM 10 ANNUAL MEETING RETROSPECTIVE Marilyn Farquhar (1928 – 2019) 32 MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS SESSION 13 LIPID NEWS 32 A deeper insight into phospholipid MCP TO HOST PROTEOMICS SESSION biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria 33 GINGRAS STUDIES PROTEOMICS’ IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH 14 34 JOURNAL NEWS SELBACH SEEKS THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE MAGIC 14 Scrutinizing pigs’ biggest threat 35 15 Progesterone from an unexpected source GARCIA USES MASS SPECTRONOMY TO UNRAVEL THE HUMAN EPIGENOME may affect miscarriage risk 16 Finding neoantigens faster — advances in the study of the immunopeptidome Don’t wait a lifetime for a decision. 18 From the journals C. elegans daf-2 mutants can live up to 40 days. JBC takes only 17 days on average to reach a fi rst decision about your paper. Learn more about fast, rigorous review at jbc.org. -
Suffrage Science Contents
Suffrage science Contents Introduction Brenda Maddox and Vivienne Parry on sex and success in science 3 Love Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Dr Helen Fisher on love and social cognition 6 Life Professor Liz Robertson and Dr Sohaila Rastan on developmental biology and genetics 10 Structure Professor Dame Louise Johnson and Professor Janet Thornton on structural biology 15 Strife Professors Fiona Watt and Mary Collins on cancer and AIDS 19 Suffrage Heirloom Jewellery Designs to commemorate women in science 23 Suffrage Textiles Ribbons referencing the suffrage movement 33 Index of Featured Women Scientists Pioneering female contributions to Life Science 43 Acknowledgements Contributions and partnerships 47 Tracing Suffrage Heirlooms Follow the provenance of 13 pieces of Suffrage Heirloom Jewellery 48 1 A successful career in science is always demanding of intellect “ hard work and resilience; only more so for most women. ” Professor Dame Sally C Davies From top, left to right: (Row 1) Anne McLaren, Barbara McClintock, Beatrice Hahn, Mina Bissell, Brenda Maddox, Dorothy Hodgkin, (Row 2) Brigid Hogan, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Fiona Watt, Gail Martin, Helen Fisher, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, (Row 3) Hilde Mangold, Jane Goodall, Elizabeth Blackburn, Janet Thornton, Carol Greider, Rosalind Franklin, (Row 4) Kathleen Lonsdale, Liz Robertson, Louise Johnson, Mary Lyon, Mary Collins, Vivienne Parry, (Row 5) Uta Frith, Amanda Fisher, Linda Buck, Sara-Jayne Blakemore, Sohaila Rastan, Zena Werb 2 Introduction To commemorate 100 years of International Women’s Day in 2011, Suffrage Science unites the voices of leading female life scientists Brona McVittie talks to Vivienne Parry and Brenda Maddox about sex and success in science Dorothy Hodgkin remains the only British woman to Brenda Maddox is author of The Dark Lady of DNA, have been awarded a Nobel Prize for science. -
Hhmi Bulletin
HHMI BULLETIN A UG ’06 VOL .19 • N O . 0 3 • Howard Hughes Medical Institute Howard HHMI BULLETIN • www.hhmi.org Phototake/ © Gopal Murti HUMAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES ARE A COMMON CAUSE OF RESPIRATORY An Ounce of Prevention INFECTIONS IN YOUNG CHILDREN, BUT CAN CAUSE SERIOUS ILLNESS IN THE ELDERLY AND PEOPLE WITH COMPROMISED IMMUNE SYSTEMS (AS IN THE PATIENT DESCRIBED ON PAGE 16). THE GOOD NEWS IS, THE VIRUS LIVES ONLY A FEW HOURS ON SURFACES AND IS EASILY INACTIVATED WITH SOAP AND WATER. IN THIS ELECTRON MICROGRAPH, A PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS IS MAGNIFIED 51,300 TIMES. NONPROFIT ORG. US POSTAGE PAID 4000 Jones Bridge Road HYATTSVILLE, MD Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789 PERMIT NO. 61 Modern-Day www.hhmi.org Change Service Requested Virus Hunters This disease-fighting duo uses technology and clinical know-how to ID infectious culprits vol. vol. 19 / no. 03 • IN THIS ISSUE Small Seeds/Gerry Rubin Tailored Medicine O b s e r v a t i O n s 20 StillOdigna under feugue construction dolobore temat quis aut autat.press timeUt irit for nulla this feugueissue exer iuremof the Bulletinvel duip, eniamthe tiered nonummy and nullaoreet umglass-filled iniam nissenis landscape nonum building ilit, quat. If you can keep your head… Duiscipon HHMI’s exercipisim new Janelia . Farm (With a nod to Rudyard Kipling) Research Campus in Loudoun County, Virginia, will be It was 1998, and the battle over who would sequence the human genome Gerry is a master. How he keeps his head, I do not know. Against ready for scientists to move was heating up. -
Septemberseptember 2005
SEPTEMBERSEPTEMBER 2005 www.asbmb.org Constituent Society of FASEB AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ASBMB & JBC Annual Meeting & Centennial Celebration April 1-5, 2006 • San Francisco, CA Call for Abstracts The submission site is now open www.asbmb.org Abstract Submission Deadline: November 2, 2005 ASBMB Travel Award Application Deadline: October 21, 2005 Held in conjunction with EB2006 Celebrate the past & look to the future Join us for the ASBMB/JBC Centennial Celebration to honor a century of achievements and contributions of The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) and The Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC). This grand event will be held next year at the ASBMB 2006 Annual Meeting (April 1-5, 2006, San Francisco, CA, in conjunction with Experimental Biology 2006). k Special publications which tell the history of ASBMB and The JBC. A collection of Classics, Reflections, scientific landmarks, and the many contributions to science that have been made by ASBMB members. k Lectures and commentary by scientific luminaries. k Displays and demonstrations of both historic instruments and current state-of-the-art instrumentation. Join us in 2006 for this special ASBMB/JBC centennial celebration! www.asbmb.org AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SEPTEMBER 2005, Volume 4, Issue 6 features 4 ASBMB Takes Issue with Bush 5 Stem Cell Vote on Hold 6 Molecular Models Fight Malaria 8 NIH Reauthorization Bill Surfaces 9 Scissor-Like Enzyme Causes Cancer 22 10 Dennis Vance to Get Avanti -
Perspectives
PERSPECTIVES fractionation of liver homogenates. The TIMELINE emphasis was on the quantitative monitoring of the distribution of the chemical con- stituents of the cell, rather than organelle George Emil Palade: charismatic purity5–8. Trial and error must have been the norm, and cold-room stamina a prerequisite, virtuoso of cell biology but this early period ultimately established the procedures that allowed organelles to remain intact without agglutination or lysis. Many Alan M. Tartakoff obstacles confronted these investigators, including a “…biochemical Zeitgeist that par- George Palade has created, shared and on the state of knowledge at that time in his ticles were a nuisance and stood in the way passed on a multidisciplinary view of the Nobel lecture,“…biologists [had been] in the of purification of … enzymes.”9 Whereas functional organization, biogenesis and same situation as astronomers and astro- biochemistry was developing rapidly, the dynamics of organelles. His open- physicists, who were permitted to see the understanding of the compartmentalization mindedness and tenacity, along with his objects of their interest, but not to touch of subcellular activities and the significance of rigour and sense of intellectual elegance, them; the cell was as distant from us as the organelles was still in its infancy. have been remarkable. This focus on the stars and galaxies were from them. More dra- Claude returned to his native Belgium in logic of organelles defined a crucial turning matic and frustrating was that we knew that 1949, but not before he and his colleagues point in biomedical science. The following the instrument at our disposal, the micro- had systematized the use of differential sedi- article sketches Palade’s research, as part scope … had … reached, irremediably, the mentation to isolate a comprehensive set of of a larger community that flourished after theoretical limits of its resolving power.”4 fractions from tissue homogenates using the Second World War. -
Christian De Duve
EXPLORING CELLS WITH A CENTRIFUGE Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1974 by C HRISTIAN DE D U V E Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium and The Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. I NTRODUCTION In one of her masterpieces, Nobel Laureate Selma Lagerlöf tells how the little boy Nils Holgersson visited the whole of Sweden, from Skåne to Lappland, on the wings of a friendly white gander. I too have made a wonderful journey, using like Nils Holgersson an un- conventional mode of travel. For the last 25 years, I have roamed through living cells, but with the help of a centrifuge rather than of a microscope. On these trips I was never alone. I want to mention this at the outset, since I owe much to my travelling companions. Some of their names will come up as my tale unfolds; but there are so many of them that I will be quite unable to mention them all. My debt goes also to my early mentors in science: Joseph Bouckaert, Joseph Maisin, Hugo Theorell, Carl and Gerty Cori, Earl Sutherland. Four of them have preceded me on this podium. Three, un- fortunately, are not with us any more. T H E D EVELOPMENT OF A NALYTICAL C E L L F RACTIONATION Thirty years ago, much of the living cell still remained virtually unexplored. The reasons for this are simple. Morphological examination was limited down- ward in the scale of dimensions by the resolving power of the light microscope, whereas chemical analysis stopped upward at the size of the smaller macro- molecules. -
Rous-Whipple Award - 2001
American Society for Investigative Pathology www.asip.org Rous-Whipple Award - 2001 Marilyn G. Farquhar, Ph.D. Marilyn Gist Farquhar, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the UCSD School of Medicine, is the winner of the 2001 Rous- Whipple Award from the American Society for Investigative Pathology. Since the mid-1950s, Farquhar has made a series of significant contributions to the field of Pathology, which nominator Mary F. Lipscomb, Chair of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine Department of Pathology describes as "broadly important" in basic cell biology, experimental pathology, nephrology, and endocrinology. Her work has earned Farquhar membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Co-author of more than 250 published papers, Farquhar was one of the few researchers who fully explored the application of the electron microscope to study the pathogenesis of various disease processes. Many novel techniques perfected in Farquhar's laboratory are critical for the analysis of normal and pathologic tissues in laboratories throughout the world. In addition to her advances on basic technique, she has driven many breakthroughs in scientific research. Among her major works is the tracking of proteins in the Golgi, and describing the ultrastructure of the kidney glomerulus and defining morphologically the antigenic and structural components of the basement membrane in order to understand glomerular filtration in health and disease. She has applied this ultrastructural expertise to her recent research on identifying the intracellular compartmentalization of signaling molecules, including description of the distribution of alpha and beta gamma subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins on Golgi membranes. -
Cholesterol Metabolism in the Brain
ASBMB LAUNCHES AUDIOPHILES PODCASTS December 2007 Cholesterol Metabolism in the Brain American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2008 ® 42==7@C =2E63C62<:?8 2acZ]&¿* 23DEC24ED www.eb2008.org Da`_d`cd+ 222 December 10, 2007. 22: Wednesday, April 9, 2008. 2AD 2D3>3 www.eb2008.org Wednesday, February 6, 2008. 2D:A www.eb2008.org 2D? 2DA6E [email protected] DRgV>`_Vj contents DECEMBER 2007 ON THE COVER: John Dietschy is studying society news cholesterol processing in the brain to find ways to 2 President’s Message prevent it from accumulating abnormally. 26 4 Washington Update CHOLESTEROL IMAGE CREDIT: KEN BUTENHOF. 10 New Skin Lipids Series in JLR 10 ASBMB Launches AudioPhiles Podcasts 12 Retrospective: Arthur Kornberg (1918—2007) special interest 11 Women in Science is Focus of Hill Hearings, Legislation 14 Trends in Employment and Awards 2008 meeting overview 16 The 2008 FASEB Excellence in Science Award: Mina J. Bissell 17 The 2008 Avanti Award in Lipids: Alexandra C. Newton pg (1918—2007) 12 science focus 26 John Dietschy: Understanding Cholesterol Metabolism Biomedical Science Ph.D. Employment 120,000 departments 100,000 80,000 5 News from the Hill 60,000 8 Member Spotlight 40,000 20,000 18 Minority Affairs 0 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 20 Career Insights Other Government Industry Academia 22 Education and Training py 14 24 BioBits resources 30 Career Opportunities podcast summary 34 For Your Lab This month’s ASBMB AudioPhiles Podcast looks at a line of “mighty mice” bred by Case Western 35 Scientific Meeting Calendar Reserve University researchers as well as the classic work of protein chemist Frank W.