NEWSLETTER VOLUME 32, NUMBER 10 Myths About Science Education: It Is Broken… Science Education Can We Fix It? Reform by Joan R
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Sumoylation Regulates Protein Dynamics During Meiotic Chromosome Segregation in C
© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2019) 132, jcs232330. doi:10.1242/jcs.232330 RESEARCH ARTICLE Sumoylation regulates protein dynamics during meiotic chromosome segregation in C. elegans oocytes Federico Pelisch*, Laura Bel Borja, Ellis G. Jaffray and Ronald T. Hay ABSTRACT studies of MT-dependent chromosome movement focused on Oocyte meiotic spindles in most species lack centrosomes and pulling forces generated by kinetochore MTs (kMTs) making the mechanisms that underlie faithful chromosome segregation end-on contacts with chromosomes (Cheeseman, 2014), there is in acentrosomal meiotic spindles are not well understood. In also evidence for pushing forces that are exerted on the segregating C. elegans oocytes, spindle microtubules exert a poleward force on chromosomes (Khodjakov et al., 2004; Nahaboo et al., 2015; š ́ chromosomes that is dependent on the microtubule-stabilising Laband et al., 2017; Vuku ic et al., 2017; Yu et al., 2019 preprint). protein CLS-2, the orthologue of the mammalian CLASP proteins. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains holocentric The checkpoint kinase BUB-1 and CLS-2 localise in the central chromosomes (Maddox et al., 2004) and has served as an spindle and display a dynamic localisation pattern throughout extremely useful system to uncover mechanisms of meiosis and anaphase, but the signals regulating their anaphase-specific mitosis for almost 20 years (Oegema et al., 2001; Desai et al., 2003; localisation remains unknown. We have shown previously that Cheeseman et al., 2004, 2005; Monen et al., 2005). Meiosis is a SUMO regulates BUB-1 localisation during metaphase I. Here, we specialised cell division with two successive rounds of chromosome found that SUMO modification of BUB-1 is regulated by the SUMO E3 segregation that reduce the ploidy and generates haploid gametes ligase GEI-17 and the SUMO protease ULP-1. -
Nov. Issue of ASCB Newsletter
ASCB NOVEMBER 2010 NEWSLETTER VOLUME 33, NUMBER 10 Improving Submit Images to Work–Life Satisfaction The Cell: An Image Library Page 15 Published Images and Videos Accepted To further discovery and education, the ASCB’s repository for cellular images and videos accepts Are You First published and unpublished work. According to Caroline Kane, the PI for The Cell: An Image Author or Last? Library, “This new repository of cell images is expertly reviewed and annotated to provide a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and the general public. Access to the database is Page 21 free and open. The Cell aims to advance research and, ultimately, have a positive impact upon human health and education.” The Cell’s expanded licensing options for contributors and users will promote faster growth and enhanced usefulness. The Cell is available as a repository for images in published articles Cell Biology and supplementary materials. It can also serve as an archive for additional images and movies Italian Style that helped lead to discovery. Page 23 Understanding Distribution Rights The Cell welcomes unpublished and previously published images, but contributors must have the distribution rights. Many publishers, like the ASCB, which publishes Molecular Biology of the Cell, allow authors to retain copyright. However, publishers may nevertheless limit distribution Inside of the work. Limitations may relate to intended use (commercial and/or educational), alteration, and attribution. Authors should confirm the distribution rights before selecting the appropriate Public Policy Briefing 3 option when contributing to The Cell. Contributors with appropriate distribution rights might select a public domain license. Annual Meeting Program 6 This license is appropriate for those who own copyright without limitations as well as for those Networking at Annual Meeting 11 submitting images or videos where all authors are U.S. -
A REVOLUTION in the PHYSIOLOGY of the LIVING CELL FUTURE ANNUAL MEETINGS of by Gilbert N
A REVOLUTION IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVING CELL FUTURE ANNUAL MEETINGS OF by Gilbert N. Ling Orig. Ed. 1992 404 pp. $64.50 THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ISBN 0-89464-398-3 CELL BIOLOGY The essence of a major revolution in cell physiology -the first since the cell was recognized as the basic unit of life a century and a half ago - is presented and altemative theories are discussed in this text. Although the conventional mem- brane-pump theory is still being taught, a new theory of the living cell, called the association-induction hypothesis has been proposed. It has successfullywfthstood 1995 twenty-five years of worldwide testing and has already generated an enhancing DC diagnostic tool ofgreat power, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).This volume is Washington, intended forteachers, students and researchers ofbiology and medicine. December 9-13 i't...a correct basic theory of cell physiology, besides its great intrinsic value in mankind's search forknowledge aboutourselves and the world we live in, willalso play a crucial role in the ultimate conquest of cancer, AIDS, and other incurable 1996 diseases.'-from the Introduction. ASCB Annual Meeting/ on Cell Biology t When ordering please add t".Ling turns cellphysiology upside down. He Sixth International Congress $5.00 first bookl$1.50 each ad- practicallyredefines the cell. He provides com- San Francisco, California ditional book to cover shipping pellingevidencefor headequacyofhis theoryn December 7-11 charges. Foreign shipping costs evidence that cannot fail to impress even the available upon request. most extreme skeptics....'- Gerald H. Pollock, _ Ph.D., Univ. ofWashington. -
Chapter 3 Characterization of Meiotic Chromosome Organization and the Distribution of Dsbs and Crossovers
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Quantitative characterization of meiotic chromosome organization Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mr0c0kp Author Cheveralls, Keith Charles Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Quantitative characterization of meiotic chromosome organization By Keith Charles Cheveralls A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biophysics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Abby F. Dernburg, Chair Professor David Drubin Professor Barbara Meyer Professor Eva Nogales Spring 2016 Abstract Quantitative characterization of meiotic chromosome organization by Keith Charles Cheveralls Doctor of Philosophy in Biophysics University of California, Berkeley Professor Abby F. Dernburg, Chair Sexual reproduction relies on a specialized program of cell division called meiosis to generate haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. In order for chromosome segregation to occur accurately, homologous chromosomes must pair, synapse, and undergo crossover recombination. These physical and biochemical interactions occur in coordination with large-scale reorganization of meiotic chromosomes. To understand the relationship between chromosome organization and the regulation of recombination, we developed an automated image analysis pipeline that combines the throughput of population-based -
Suffrage Science Contents
Suffrage science Contents Introduction Brenda Maddox and Vivienne Parry on sex and success in science 3 Love Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Dr Helen Fisher on love and social cognition 6 Life Professor Liz Robertson and Dr Sohaila Rastan on developmental biology and genetics 10 Structure Professor Dame Louise Johnson and Professor Janet Thornton on structural biology 15 Strife Professors Fiona Watt and Mary Collins on cancer and AIDS 19 Suffrage Heirloom Jewellery Designs to commemorate women in science 23 Suffrage Textiles Ribbons referencing the suffrage movement 33 Index of Featured Women Scientists Pioneering female contributions to Life Science 43 Acknowledgements Contributions and partnerships 47 Tracing Suffrage Heirlooms Follow the provenance of 13 pieces of Suffrage Heirloom Jewellery 48 1 A successful career in science is always demanding of intellect “ hard work and resilience; only more so for most women. ” Professor Dame Sally C Davies From top, left to right: (Row 1) Anne McLaren, Barbara McClintock, Beatrice Hahn, Mina Bissell, Brenda Maddox, Dorothy Hodgkin, (Row 2) Brigid Hogan, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Fiona Watt, Gail Martin, Helen Fisher, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, (Row 3) Hilde Mangold, Jane Goodall, Elizabeth Blackburn, Janet Thornton, Carol Greider, Rosalind Franklin, (Row 4) Kathleen Lonsdale, Liz Robertson, Louise Johnson, Mary Lyon, Mary Collins, Vivienne Parry, (Row 5) Uta Frith, Amanda Fisher, Linda Buck, Sara-Jayne Blakemore, Sohaila Rastan, Zena Werb 2 Introduction To commemorate 100 years of International Women’s Day in 2011, Suffrage Science unites the voices of leading female life scientists Brona McVittie talks to Vivienne Parry and Brenda Maddox about sex and success in science Dorothy Hodgkin remains the only British woman to Brenda Maddox is author of The Dark Lady of DNA, have been awarded a Nobel Prize for science. -
BIOLOGY 639 SCIENCE ONLINE the Unexpected Brains Behind Blood Vessel Growth 641 THIS WEEK in SCIENCE 668 U.K
4 February 2005 Vol. 307 No. 5710 Pages 629–796 $10 07%.'+%#%+& 2416'+0(70%6+10 37#06+6#6+8' 51(69#4' #/2.+(+%#6+10 %'..$+1.1); %.10+0) /+%41#44#;5 #0#.;5+5 #0#.;5+5 2%4 51.76+105 Finish first with a superior species. 50% faster real-time results with FullVelocity™ QPCR Kits! Our FullVelocity™ master mixes use a novel enzyme species to deliver Superior Performance vs. Taq -Based Reagents FullVelocity™ Taq -Based real-time results faster than conventional reagents. With a simple change Reagent Kits Reagent Kits Enzyme species High-speed Thermus to the thermal profile on your existing real-time PCR system, the archaeal Fast time to results FullVelocity technology provides you high-speed amplification without Enzyme thermostability dUTP incorporation requiring any special equipment or re-optimization. SYBR® Green tolerance Price per reaction $$$ • Fast, economical • Efficient, specific and • Probe and SYBR® results sensitive Green chemistries Need More Information? Give Us A Call: Ask Us About These Great Products: Stratagene USA and Canada Stratagene Europe FullVelocity™ QPCR Master Mix* 600561 Order: (800) 424-5444 x3 Order: 00800-7000-7000 FullVelocity™ QRT-PCR Master Mix* 600562 Technical Services: (800) 894-1304 Technical Services: 00800-7400-7400 FullVelocity™ SYBR® Green QPCR Master Mix 600581 FullVelocity™ SYBR® Green QRT-PCR Master Mix 600582 Stratagene Japan K.K. *U.S. Patent Nos. 6,528,254, 6,548,250, and patents pending. Order: 03-5159-2060 Purchase of these products is accompanied by a license to use them in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technical Services: 03-5159-2070 process in conjunction with a thermal cycler whose use in the automated performance of the PCR process is YYYUVTCVCIGPGEQO covered by the up-front license fee, either by payment to Applied Biosystems or as purchased, i.e., an authorized thermal cycler. -
The Many Facets of SC Function During C. Elegans Meiosis
Chromosoma DOI 10.1007/s00412-006-0061-9 REVIEW Mónica P. Colaiácovo The many facets of SC function during C. elegans meiosis Received: 7 December 2005 / Revised: 15 February 2006 / Accepted: 16 February 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract Sexually reproducing organisms rely on meiosis halving in chromosome number is the result of one round for the formation of haploid gametes. This is achieved of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell through two consecutive rounds of cell division (meiosis I division: meiosis I (a reductional division) and meiosis II and II) after one round of DNA replication. During the (an equational division). While meiosis II proceeds meiotic divisions, chromosomes face several challenges to similarly to a mitotic division, unique events unfold during ultimately ensure proper chromosome segregation. Unique meiosis I. In particular, during prophase I, homologous events unfold during meiosis I to overcome these chromosomes have to identify each other and pair, challenges. Homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and followed by the formation of a proteinaceous structure recombine. A remarkable feature throughout this process is known as the synaptonemal complex (SC) between the formation of an evolutionarily conserved tripartite homologs, and completion of meiotic recombination proteinaceous structure known as the synaptonemal com- leading to physical attachments between homologs. plex (SC). It is comprised of two lateral elements, These events ultimately ensure proper chromosome segre- assembled along each axis of a pair of homologous gation upon the first meiotic division. Succeeding in this chromosomes, and a central region consisting of transverse outcome is crucial given that chromosome nondisjunction filaments bridging the gap between lateral elements. -
Homologous Chromosome Pairing in Drosophila Melanogaster Proceeds Through Multiple Independent Initiations Jennifer C
Homologous Chromosome Pairing in Drosophila melanogaster Proceeds through Multiple Independent Initiations Jennifer C. Fung,* Wallace F. Marshall,‡ Abby Dernburg,‡ David A. Agard,‡i and John W. Sedat‡ *Graduate Group in Biophysics and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0554; and iThe Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Franciso, California 94143 Abstract. The dynamics by which homologous chro- pairing kinetics of histone loci during nuclear cycle 14. mosomes pair is currently unknown. Here, we use fluo- By measuring changes of nuclear length and correlating rescence in situ hybridization in combination with these changes with progression of time during cycle 14, three-dimensional optical microscopy to show that ho- we were able to express the pairing frequency and dis- mologous pairing of the somatic chromosome arm 2L tance between homologous loci as a function of time. in Drosophila occurs by independent initiation of pair- Comparing the experimentally determined dynamics of ing at discrete loci rather than by a processive zippering pairing to simulations based on previously proposed Downloaded from of sites along the length of chromosome. By evaluating models of pairing motion, we show that the observed the pairing frequencies of 11 loci on chromosome arm pairing kinetics are most consistent with a constrained 2L over several timepoints during Drosophila embry- random walk model and not consistent with a directed onic development, we show that all 11 loci are paired motion model. Thus, we conclude that simple random very early in Drosophila development, within 13 h after contacts through diffusion could suffice to allow pairing egg deposition. -
Meiotic Prophase Regulation and Achiasmate Chromosome Segregation in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Meiotic prophase regulation and achiasmate chromosome segregation in Caenorhabditis elegans By Christina Marie Glazier A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Cell Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Abby Dernburg, Chair Professor Georjana Barnes Professor Rebecca Heald Professor Marvalee Wake Spring 2015 Abstract Meiotic prophase regulation and achiasmate chromosome segregation in Caenorhabditis elegans by Christina Marie Glazier Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Abby Dernburg, Chair Meiosis is the specialized cell division by which sexually reproducing organisms produce haploid gametes. In order to reduce the chromosome complement by half, chromosomes must undergo pairing, synapsis, and crossover formation, followed by two rounds of chromosome division. All of these mechanisms depend on the proper establishment, maintenance, and remodeling of sister chromatid cohesion. Sister chromatid cohesion is mediated by cohesin complexes, which associate with newly replicated sister chromatids. Cohesion is required for all major aspects of meiosis: formation of the synaptonemal complex, induction of DNA double- strand breaks, and the repair of breaks to form crossovers, in addition to the regulated release of cohesion to enable segregation. During meiosis, cohesin complexes incorporate specialized subunits and are subject to different regulation, compared to mitotically dividing cells. The functions and regulation of cohesion during meiosis remain poorly characterized, and a major goal of my thesis work has been to address these important questions. Wapl is a widely conserved regulator of cohesin. It has been implicated in antagonizing the association of cohesin complexes with DNA to facilitate cohesin removal during mitosis. -
Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2002
LBNL/PUB -54 8 5 Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2002 March 2003 Disclaimer This document wlls prepared as an account or work sponsored by the United Stales Government. While this document is believed ta contain correct inrormution, neither the United Stntes Government nor any agcncy thereof, nor The Regents orthe University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any wmnty, express or implied. or assumes any legal linbility or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclased, or represents that its use would not infringc privately awned rights. Reference herein to any specific commcrcial product, process, or service by its tradc name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessnrily constitute or imply its endoaemcnt, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any ogency thereof, ar The Regcnls of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of ihe United Siates Gwernment or any agency thercol or The Regents of the University of Caliktmia nnd shall not be used lor advertising or product endorsement purposes. Ernest Orlnndo hwrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer. Report on Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2002 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720 Off ice of Science USDepartment -
Cell Biology's Journal
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Profile of R. Scott Hawley
PROFILE Profile of R. Scott Hawley eiosis sets the stage for sexual younger Pauling told Hawley that if he reproduction through a tri- really wanted to do something about Mfold and tightly choreogra- birth defects, he should learn about phed dance: Chromosomes what caused them. So Hawley enrolled from the mother and father form pairs, in a genetics course. Suddenly every- exchange genetic material, and then sep- thing Ellison had written about in the arate from their partners. Geneticist R. Ticktockman story clicked. Growing up, Scott Hawley, who has studied these three Hawley says, all he knew was that “being steps for the better part of his career, has different was bad and there was a price dubbed the sequence a “meiotic ballet.” to be paid for it. Then I took genetics Although the dance steps have been and I realized that the whole point of known for more than a century, major genetics was to cherish the exceptions. By questions remain unanswered. How do looking at the things that are different, chromosomes find their partners or ho- you can figure out how things work.” mologs? What controls the exchange of By his sophomore year Hawley had genetic material? And what happens be- begun work in the laboratory of fly ge- hind the scenes when paired chromosomes neticist Dean Parker, where he began his first divide? earliest research into meiosis. Hawley Studying meiosis is both a biological and published a paper in his senior year on a philosophical pursuit, says Hawley, how radiation impairs the segregation of a researcher at the Stowers Institute for homologous chromosomes (2).