A special 95th anniversary tribute to the Ukrainian National Association appears on pages 5 through 9. ffl llshedJ)jMh^ Association Inc.. a fraternal non-profit association^ Vol. LVII No. 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 19,1989 50 cents Chornobyl effects Ukrainian Language Society conference reveals defiance by Bohdan Nahaylo Among the speakers were the senior his "retirement." in Byelorussia rainianfigure of thWeekle Ukrainian literary com­ The speakerys rejecte d the principle of On February 11-12 the Taras Shev- munity, Oles Honchar, and the head of Russian-native language bilingualism revealed by Soviets chenko Ukrainian Language Society the Kiev branch of the Writers' Union of and demanded that Ukrainian be made held its inaugural conference in Kiev. Ukraine, Ivan Drach. the sole official language of the Ukrain­ JERSEY CITY, N.J — Almost one- The meeting of this important informal The Ukrainian authorities were re­ ian SSR, though on the understanding fifth of Byelorussia's agricultural land patriotic association, which is named presented by the republic's ideological that the rights of Russian and other was contaminated by radioactive fall­ after the national poet of Ukraine, secretary, Yuriy Yelchenko, and the minority languages in Ukraine be out from the April 1986 Chornobyl turned into an impressive manifestation deputy chairman of the Ukrainian SSR guaranteed legal protection. nuclear disaster, Pravda, the Soviet of Ukrainian national assertiveness and Council of Ministers, Maria Orlyk. In Ukraine, it was stressed', Ukrainian Communist daily newspaper reported of protest against the reactionary What they witnessed must have left should be recognized as the republic's on February 11. policies of the Ukrainian Party leader­ them with no doubt as to the defiant language of inter-nationality discourse. This figure, released almost three ship headed by Volodymyr Shcherbyt- mood of the nationally minded ele­ Jewish and Korean speakers represent­ years after the worst nuclear disaster in sky. ments in Ukrainian society. ing Ukraine's national minorities sup­ history, further confirms reports broad­ The society is concerned with im­ Most of the speeches are reported to ported this position. cast on the Soviet nightly news pro­ proving the situation of the Ukrainian have been very forthright. Strong The party authorities in Kiev came gram, "Vremya," in early February, language and culture and is led by criticism was voiced about the damage under strong attack for pulling in an which reveals that people in Byelorussia writers and other representatives of the done to the Ukrainian language and opposite direction to that of the forces were never told that they were living in Ukrainian cultural intelligentsia. In culture during the Stalin and Brezhnev for national renewal in Ukraine, and in radioactive "hot spots." Nor were they recent months, branches of the society periods and quite a few of the speakers particular for exacerbating strains in told of the potential danger to their have sprung up all over Ukraine. Thus, attacked the policies of the Shcherbyt- their relations with the Writers' Union health. The news report clearly indicat­ in a relatively short span of time, the sky regime. of Ukraine. ed that government authorities were society has developed into an important One of them, a woman teacher from The delegates also embarrassed the aware that 20 settlements were in patriotic pressure group. Berdyanske even reminded the confer­ Ukrainian ideological secretary by dis­ dangerous situations soon after the According to the first reports provid­ ence of the conditions in which Petro regarding his opposition to the idea of accident, but kept quiet, UPI reported ed by Radio Kiev and a Moscow repre­ Shelest had been removed as the repub­ creating a Ukrainian popular front in earlier this month. sentative of the Ukrainian Helsinki lic's party leader in 1972 for alleged support of restructuring based on the According to the "Vremya" broad­ Union, the inaugural conference was Ukrainian nationalism and replaced by Baltic model. In recent months this Mr. Shcherbytsky. cast on February 2, from Minsk, Byelo­ attended by 500 delegates and 200 issue has led to a confrontation between russia's capital city, local government observers from all over the republic. Up Mention of Mr. Shcherbytsky's name the Shcherbytsky leadership and the officials kept secret maps showing the to 2,000 more people for whom there is reported to have been met with boos, Writers' Union of Ukraine. Mr. Yel­ level of contamination throughout the was no room in the hall listened to the and at one point, the delegates spontan­ chenko was booed when he reiterated the warning that such a movement republic immediately following the proceedings over a loudspeaker system. eously rose to their feet and called for would amount to a political opposition Chornobyl disaster. party. "Up until now, all these maps since the accident were a half-secret if not National democratic movements Every mention of a Ukrainian popu­ fully top-secret. The public of the lar movement for restructuring is re­ Byelorussian republic did not know the issue "Charter of Freedom" ported to have drawn loud applause antf whole truth about the accident," the chants of "Popular Front," "Popular report stated. Front." When it came to voting on the JERSEY CITY, N.J. — Non-Rus­ appeal to the Russian intelligentsia, the matter, Mr. Yelchenko left the hall. The These newest reports have prompted sian representatives of national de­ Russian democratic movement and all conference's support for the creation of Soviet authorities to evacuate the mocratic movements in Armenia, Geor­ Russian patriots to "support the ac­ Baltic-type popular movementswas above-mentioned 20 villages in the gia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Byelo­ cepted international views regarding registered in the resolutions. Byelorussian republic because of con­ russia, Ukraine and the Crimean Tatars national independence" as expressed in tinuing high levels of fallout, Reuters met on January 28-29 in Vilnius, the final document of the Vienna review The head of the ideology department reported on February 3. Some of the Lithuania, for the fifth time since the meeting of the Conference on Security of the Central Committee of the Com­ villages, mostly farming communities formation last June in Ukraine of the and Cooperation in Europe, only 16 munist Party, Leonid Kravchuk, was are up to 200 miles north of the accident Coordinating Committee of the Non- signed the far more radical charter. strongly criticized by some of the site. Russian Patriotic Movements of the speakers for his recent attacks on The charter announced the formation Ukrainian television against the Writ­ This number is in addition to the 107 USSR, reported the press service of the of a committee, "which will unite its settlements in Byelorussia that were Ukrainian Helsinki Union. ers' Union of Ukraine in connection efforts towards the formation of na­ with the latter's efforts to form a evacuated immediately after the April Thirty-two individuals representing tionally liberated and independent popular movement in support of re­ 1986 disaster. 17 non-Russian groups participated in states." structuring. Mr. Drach is reported to Reuters also reported that most the meeting, which was also attended by have stated that Mr. Krawchuk's misre­ official attention in the last two years Sergei Grigoryants, editor of Glasnost What makes the document more presentation of the writers' actions and has focused on the aftermath in U- magazine. Mykola Horbal, Oles Shev- radical than any previous ones issued by motives left him no option but to take kraine, where the accident occurred. chenko, Ivan Makar and Bohdan Hryt- the representatives of non-Russian the official to court. At one stage, Even here the evacuation was delayed say represented the Ukrainian Helsinki national democratic movements is its delegates began shouting "Kravchuk 36 hours until Ukrainian authorities Union at the meeting. insistence on total independence for the Out" "Kravchuk Out." devised a plan. Two documents of particular signi­ respective nations. But over the last several weeks, the ficance were issued during the parley: an "Without wishing to impose our ideas The case of the Ukrainian poet Vasyl Soviet media has concentrated on appeal to the Russian intelligentsia and of a state system and sovereignty on Stus, who died in the Soviet labor camp effects in neighboring Byelorussia, a "Charter of Freedom of the Enslaved anybody, we however, consider it unac­ in September 1985, was raised by the which was in the direct path of a stream Peoples oi the Ubbk. ceptable that nations should exist not writer Stanislav Telniuk who demanded (Continued on page 16) While all the participants signed the (Continued on page 11) (Continued on page 16)

The Ukrainian National Association, 1894-1989: I 95 years of service to the Ukrainian community A GLIMPSE OF SOVIET REALITY GLASNOST DIARY: Eyewitness accounts of Ukrainian famine recording changes in the USSR appear in Dnipropetrovske newspaper Ukraine's national, cultural and re­ Sohoydochny Street ligious rights. Andrei Aleksandrovch Zhdanov by Dr. David Marples spikes to make thrusts into the soil to If you're in Kiev this summer and (1896-1948), was a Soviet Communist ensure that no grain had been concealed want to find an address on Zhdanov leader and general, a loyal supporter of The famine of 1933 continues to beneath the surface. Street, you may be looking for a long Stalin. He took part in both the evoke unhappy memories in many parts Despite protests and even physical time. For, according to the capital city's Finnish-Russian War and World War II. of Ukraine. In a recently obtained copy resistance from farmers, all the grain executive committee, the name of the A full member of the Politburo, he was of Prapor Yunosti, the Dnipropetrov­ was taken from the village. Subsequent­ street is being changed in honor of instrumental in forming anti-Western ske Oblast Komsomol newspaper, from ly, the village church was pulled down Hetman Petro Konashevych Sahayda- policy. August 1988, several writers, including and several families were arrested and chny, (1570-1622) a Ukrainian military The street's history is quite interes­ a poet and a historian, recall the events deported on the grounds that they were and political leader of the 17th century. ting. Located in the Podil section of of the famine, from personal reminis­ kulaks — in fact, they were middle The Ukrainian Kozak, an accomp­ Kiev, the old lower district closest to the cences and from stories passed on down peasants, Mr. Mytsyk reports. Many lished commander and clever diplomat, Dnieper River was named Re­ the generations. died on the route eastward. Famine is credited with playing an important volution Street in 1919. In 1934 the This review of the events of that began in the area and spread in the role in the liberation struggle of the upper portion of this road was re­ period was evidently prompted by the spring and summer of 1933. Ukrainian people against Turkish en­ named Kirov Street. The lower portion publication in the June 18,1988, edition There were said to be similar events in slavement. of the street, which runs from the Post of the same newspaper of the poem the neighboring villages of Zubani, Hetman Sahaydachny's name is often Square to the Red Square was renamed "Holod" (Famine) by the Ukrainian Demchenky, Ivano-Selyshche and for Zhdanov in 1955. That year the poet Oleksander Zaivyi, written in Kovnirivshchyna. connected with the new cultural revival 1963, when the author was 27 (Mr. It is said that people were becoming of Kiev, the city to which he moved the street merged into one independent Zaivyi is in fact one of those whose swollen from hunger, and resorted to hetman's seat in the early 1600s. It was thruway. comments appear in the newspaper, eating foliage from the woods, young during this time upon the initiative and It is interesting to note that at the responding to a critique of his poem). reeds and even bullrushes from the local under the protection of the Kozaks that intersection of Post Square and Alek- Most significant in these accounts of river. Cases of cannibalism became the Orthodox hierarchy was renewed in sandrivsky Street, (Zhdanov Street) the period of the famine is that of a manifest and became terrifying when Kiev with the consecration of a Me­ once stood the Church of the Nativity, candidate of history, Yu. Mytsyk, who bands would form a hunt for potential tropolitan and five bishops in 1620. destroyed by the Soviets during World describes the events with a frankness victims. On the steppes afterward, it is Kiev became the spiritual and eccle­ War II. It was at this church that the unusual even in the current era of related, one would often come across siastical center of Ukraine and the coffin carrying Taras Shevchenko's glasnost. people's skeletons because many would Zaporozhian Kozaks came into con­ body to Kaniv rested before the funeral The publication of the poem "Holod" leave their native village to look else­ tact with Ukrainian intellectual circles, procession made its way to his final has also been undertaken by the journal where for food and then "die along the as Hetman Sahaydachny defended resting place in May 1861. Promin, and the Komsomol newspaper route." saw fit to do the same in order that its At the time of the famine, Mr. readers might discuss the poem in the Mytsyk recounts, his grandmother's light of new writings about the 1933 parents perished, as did her brother and famine. For 25 years, it pointed out, the two nephews. One of the latter, Danylo, poem remained "in the desk drawer," evidently asked his mother if she could i.e., it was suppressed. Mr. Mytsyk not bring him some "fish guts or even makes reference to other creative works frogs' legs" to eat, and upon hearing about the famine from the same period that she could find none of cither, by M. Alekseyev, M. Stelmakh, I preferred to die rather than live. Stadniuk and V. Sosiura. Another Mr. Mytsyk reports that in the correspondent, V. Kyrsanov, begins villages of Lutsi and Domchenky, half with a quotation about the famine from of the population died from hunger, and a 1964 poem by Andriy Malyshko. Both that the village of Semymohyly (Hlo- writers contrast the poetry on the byne Raion) "died completely." Here, famine with the lack of historical he writes, "the church was overgrown analyses and encyclopedia entries. with weeds." There is other evidence to Mr. Mytsyk notes that the subject of suggest that the village, although even­ the 1933 famine has long been "taboo" tually repopulated, has remained very for Soviet historians. If the famine was small in size. Mass graves were report­ mentioned in historical works, he states, edly dug for the population of all the then it was all too briefly. More villages in the region. recently,researchers have begun to write The author explains that his grand­ about the "disorganization of the mother survived, along with her four economic life of the village" and later children, by gathering some coarse about "sabotage." cloth materials and, along with some In contrast, there has bqen little other women, taking a train to the hesitancy, he points out, in writing village of Bakhmach in Chernihiv about the famine of 1921, and particu­ Oblast, where they exchanged the cloth larly about the role of Lenin and the for food. They were said to be astonish­ A map of the Podil section of Kiev, along the banks of the Dnieper River. Bolshevik Party in trying to alleviate the ed at the plentiful supplies of food in hardship experienced in the villages. this village as compared to their own, Perhaps as a result of the scarcity of and brought supplies back to their authentic accounts, Mr. Mytsyk then native village. FOUNDED 1933 decides to inform the newspaper's The story is a harrowing one, but Ukrainian WeelclV readers about the recollections of his both Mr. Mytsyk and Mr. Kyrsanov are grandmother. Mariya Dzyuba, he surprisingly tentative and conservative An English-language Ukrainian newspaper published by the Ukrainian National writes, was a simple peasant from a in their conclusions. Mr. Mytsyk com­ Association Inc., a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. poor family who lived throughout her ments that the famine was partly a result 07302. life (she was 33 at the time of the famine, of crop failure — which seems mistaken and died in 1984) in her native village of unless he is referring to the harvest on Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302. Zubani (Poltava Oblast) and its neigh­ his local collective farm rather than in (ISSN — 0273-9348) boring farmstead, Lutsi. Her story, as the republic generally — and to the narrated by Mr. Mytsyk, runs as fol­ Stalinist methods of collectivization Yearly subscription rate: $20; for UNA members — $10. lows. and Stalinist "lawlessness." He be­ Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. In the winter of 1932-1933, a group of lieves that scientific research in the "outsiders" acting on behalf of the future within the Soviet Union will The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: Soviet government arrived unexpect­ provide a more complete account of the (201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 (201) 451-2200 edly in the village of Luka (Lokhvytsia history of the 1933 famine. Postmaster, send address Raion, Poltava Oblast). They went to Similarly, Mr. Kyrsanov, whose changes to: Editor: Roma Hadzewycz every house and requisitioned all the article is interspersed with poetic refer­ The Ukrainian Weekly Associate Editors: Marta Kolomayets ences, describes what he calls the grain, despite the fact that there were no P.O. Box 346 Chrystyna Lapychak rich peasants living in the village ("there "eternal uprightness" and steadfast Jersey City, NJ. 07303 was not a single kulak"). Evidently they morality of the village peasant in his collected not pnly the grain, but even tattered home. . The problem, in his The Ukrainian Weekly, February 19, 1989, No. 8. Vol. LVII vegetables that may have been grown on view, lies with the domination over that Copyright 1989 by The Ukrainian Weekly private plots. Then they used sharp (Continued on page 15) Sakharov urges legalization Rights activist Stepan Sapeliak Of Ukrainian Catholic Church arrives in Canada for visit SIENA, Italy — Speaking at a public The Reuters report also mentioned for a three-month visit that would take meeting at Siena University, human that Pope John Paul II has appealed him to the United States and England, rights activist Andrei Sakharov called several times for the Ukrainian Catho­ in addition to Canada. He said his goal for the legalization of the Ukrainian lic Church to be recognized in the Soviet was "to establish contacts with young Catholic Church, Reuters reported. Union. He has pledged that he would people in the West, so that they will be aware of events in Ukraine." "There is an absolutely anomalous not visit the Soviet Union unless he could meet with practicing Catholics in He said he wanted to tell Ukrainian situation in which an entire Church with young people about the many unofficial its great number of faithful finds itself in Ukraine and Lithuania. groups that now exist in Ukraine, and an illegal clandestine situation," Dr. Dr. Sakharov spoke about the nota­ especially about the "culturological Sakharov said on Thursday, February ble changes in conditions for the offici­ movement." 9. He asked that Italian Roman Catho­ ally recognized Russian Orthodox Mr. Sapeliak said ecological trage­ lic to use all their influence to help Church, but added that the Church dies such as the Chornobyl nuclear obtain the legalization of the Ukrainian needed more freedom to pursue spiri­ disaster and the mysterious ailment, due Catholic Church, which is loyal to the tual and pastoral activities. to thallium exposure, affecting the pope. children of Chernivtsi are just part of The outlawed Ukrainian Catholic During his visit to Italy, he received the ecological disaster today affecting Church in the Soviet Union has 5 an honorary degree from Bologna Ukraine. million believers, according to Church University. He was scheduled to visit Mr. Sapeliak, who had been attempt­ sources. It was liquidated by the Soviet Canada last week to receive honorary ing to visit Canada since February of regime in 1946 and forced to unify with degrees from the universities of Winni­ last year, when he first applied for a the Russian Orthodox Church. peg and Ottawa. visa, said he found out on January 23 of Dr. Sakharov, a 1975 Nobel Peace Dr. Sakharov, a dissident who spent this year that he would be able to travel Prize winner and his wife, Yelena seven years in internal exile, is on his to that country. A week later he was in Bonner were on a six-day visit to Italy, second trip to the West since October Toronto. which also included an audience with 1988. Prior to this Dr. Sakharov was It took six to seven months of "quiet Pope John Paul II and Cardinal Myro- not permitted to travel abroad because diplomacy" by the Canadian Embassy slav Ivan Lubachivsky, the prelate of he was said to know state secrets about to reverse Soviet authorities' earlier all Ukrainian Catholics. the Soviet nuclear program. refusal to allow Mr. Sapeliak to travel abroad, he said. Mr. Sapeliak is a member of the editorial board of Kafedra, the journal Ukrainian World War I detainees of the Ukrainian Association of Inde­ pendent Creative Intelligentsia (UANTI). Stepan Sapeliak after his arrival in Ca­ He is a former political prisoner who was seek Canadian compensation nada. arrested in 1973 for replacing the Soviet flag with the blue and yellow flag of free by Chris Guly a Ukrainian arts conference last fall that by Roma Hadzewycz Ukraine in his hometown of Rosokhach, calls for compensation are nothing Ternopil oblast. In addition, he was OTTAWA — With a new federal more than a backward step on what he NORTH YORK, Ontario — Stepan charged with collecting nationalist Cabinet appointed and ready for a considered inconclusive evidence. Sapeliak, 40, former Soviet political battle songs. As a result he was sentenc­ March recall to Parliament, several Unlike substantial records kept on prisoner and a leading member of the ed to five years' labor camp and three Ukrainian Canadian groups will be Japanese internment during the World Ukrainian Association of Independent years' internal exile. waiting for the Conservative govern­ War II, most records of enemy alien Creative Intelligentsia, arrived in In 1974, Mr. Sapeliak was moved to ment to decide on a controversial com­ activity during the first world war were Toronto on Monday night, January 30. the notorious Camp No. 36 in Perm. pensation request for survivors of destroyed in the 1950s. The very next day the Kharkiv resident While imprisoned he resisted many appeared at a conference on "Glasnost World War I detainment. However, Bill Werbeniuk, national attempts by the KGB to have him in Soviet Ukraine" being held here at The Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liber­ executive director of the Ukrainian recant, and he was beaten and tortured York University just outside of Toron­ ties Commission met with Canadian Canadian Committee, said that Mr. on several occasions. He completed his to. (See story on page 4.) Secretary of State Gerry Weiner before Spolsky "is not a historian or research­ term in 1981 and took up residence in the election to seek redress for those er" and is unqualified to question the Mr. Sapeliak told The Ukrainian Kharkiv. surviving of the 5,000 Ukrainian Cana­ validity of the two-year old claim, and Weekly that he had arrived in the West (Continued on page 11) dians sent to 26 internment camps that missing information is in the during the first world war. It is also process of being retrieved from British Obituary estimated tha 88,000 were obligated to Archives. register as enemy aliens. Ukrainian Canadians are following In 1915 the British Foreign Office had the lead of the Japanese Canadian advised the Canadian government that Ivan Bazarko, former WCFU president, community which received $300 million most Ukrainian immigrants were from in restitution funds from the federal the western provinces of Galicia and government last October. UCCA activist, Ukrainian of the Year Bukovina, then part of the Austro- Unlike their Ukrainian counterparts, Hungarian Empire, and were consider­ NEW YORK — Ivan Bazarko,form­ 14,000 of an original 22,000 Japanese- ed "friendly." er president of the World Congress of Canadians interned from 1941 to 1949 Nonetheless, property and valuables Free Ukrainians, and former executive are still alive. Under Ottawa's compen­ were confiscated, and with the 1917 director of the Ukrainian Congress Wartime Election Act, people were sation plan, each Japanese survivor will Committee of America, died here on disenfranchised and denied the right to receive $21,000 in addition to the $36 February 10. He was 78. million set aside for a general communi­ vote. By 1918, the Ukrainian Canadian Mr. Bazarko was born October 6, ty fund and $3 million to establish a press and organizations were also either 1910, in Dovzhniv, Sokal county, Canadian race relations foundation suppressed or shut down. Ukraine. He was a Ukrainian communi­ which will compile a list of survivors. Although it is estimated that no more ty activist both in Ukraine and in than 20 to 100 people have survived, The Chinese-Canadian National diaspora. several groups, including the commis­ Association also put a claim before In addition to his activity in the sion and the Ukrainian Canadian Com­ Secretary of State Weiner on behalf of UCCA and WCFU, for which he was mittee want a formal acknowledgment 81,000 Chinese who were collectively perhaps best known, Mr. Bazarko was from the federal government by 1990. charged $23 million worth in head taxes an honorary member of the Providence Their demands also include individual from 1885 to 1921 They, too, are Association of Ukrainian Catholics. compensation to survivors, a redress to claiming compensation for confiscated The United Ukrainian American Or­ the entire community through the land and tax payments. Under the ganizations of Metropolitan New York establishment of a trust fund, and Chinese Immigration and Fxcise Act also named him an honorary member, revisions to the new Emergency Meas­ and head tax, immigration to Canada and selected him to be Ukrainian of the ures Act to prevent similar incidents in was prohibited from 1923 to 1947. Of Year for 1979. Ivan Bazarko the future. the 2,500 registered under the head tax, Mr. Bazarko was a member of nu­ There have also been calls for the the claimants discovered, one-third are merous Ukrainian organizations and a Surviving are Mr. Bazarko's wife, construction of historical markers at still alive. recipient of various awards for his Natalia; sons, Nestor and Volodymyr, internment camps, including Fort But in all three cases, any financial or community work. with their wives and children; and other Henrv near Kingston, Ontario, and formal apology will hardly dull the The funeral liturgy was held Tuesday, family members in the United States, Brandon, Manitoba. memories of injustice. As the Kingston February 14, from St. George Ukrain­ Ukraine and Poland. Yet, the community remains split on Daily British Whig wrote. "Thev fU- ian Catholic Church in New York. In lieu of flowers, the family has the issue. Myron Spolsky, a member krainians) will have shown in their Burial followed at St. Andrew s Ukrain­ requested memorial donations to St. of the Ukrainian Canadian Commit­ hearts the seeds of bitterness that can ian Orthodox Cemetery in South George Church or the World Congress tee's Manitoba Provincial Council, told never be extinguished." Bound Brook, N.J. of Free Ukrainians. York University symposium on "Glasnost in Soviet Ukraine" Speakers from Glasnost and perestroika: overview of unfolding processes

by Dr. Bohdan Krawchenko harvests in the USSR. chev put it at the January 1987 Central West and USSR Given the size of the Soviet economy, Committee Plenum. PARTI OF TWO PARTS the scale of waste is mind-boggling. As The role of democracy in the process address sessions Mr. Gorbachev noted, "We have al­ of economic reform was initially con­ by Roma Hadzewycz This conference is devoted to a ready arrived at a point where such ceived as a narrow one. Democracy discussion of glasnost in Ukraine. Since waste is not only intolerable, but simply was reduced to greater criticism of NORTH YORK, Ontario — The first I noticed from the program that no one unsustainable." It was this "law of shortcomings and the chastisement of scholarly conference held specifically to will be addressing the over-all Soviet increasing waste and inefficiency," or bureaucrats resisting change. But this address the changes taking place in context, I thought that what I should do abysmal capital-output ratios, that cheerleader version of democracy was Ukraine, in the context of the policies of in this address is give a brief overview of ultimately led to the crisis of the early soon recognized as a poor antidote to glasnost and perestroika being promot­ glasnost and perestroika as a general 1980s that first brought Yuri Andropov the system's ills, for it failed to deal with ed in the USSR as a whole under the process. and then Gorbachev to power. the essential point: namely, that there leadership of General Secretary Mik­ Glasnost has confronted us with hail Gorbachev, took place at York information overload, a problem se­ University here, just outside of Toron­ cond only to that of perspective. As ...you cannot have a stagnant, controlled society, to, on Saturday, January 28, through Harley Balzer of Georgetown Universi­ a domineering political system — and, at the same Tuesday, January 31. ty recently noted, "Things are moving The conference brought together too fast, no one knows where they are time, expect economic dynamism. ...This is the poli­ scholars and specialists in the fields of going, and we are drowning in details/' politics and the arts from Canada, the Clearly, there is a desperate need to tical imperative of glasnost, and the only guaran­ United States, England and Ukraine. understand, if possible, the "laws of tee of its continuation. To backtrack on glasnost Among the speakers were the assis­ motion" of the large drama unfolding in tant director of the Instituteof Literature the Soviet Union. would mean to plunge the economy deeper into at the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Only major crises give rise to major Sciences, Dr. Mykola Zhulynsky, and reforms. The Gorbachev leadership the mire of economic and social stagnation. the first secretary of the Soviet Embassy took the reins of power in 1985 cog­ in Ottawa, Yuri Bogayevsky. Three nizant of the fact that they inherited a Gorbachev made it clear when he was are certain social and political pre­ former Soviet political prisoners, the country and a system in a state of elected to head the party on March 11, requisites for a flourishing economy, Rev Vasyl Romaniuk, Danylo Shu- material and spiritual crisis. The symp­ 1985, that his most urgent task was the such as a flexible and innovative ad­ muk and Petro Ruban, who now reside toms of decay were everywhere: in economy. Andropovian methods were ministration, curtailment of police and in North America, also served as pane­ foreign policy (the Afghan disaster), in to be used to achieve this end. A bureaucratic arbitrariness, a free move­ lists. culture (epitomized when Brezhnev was campaign was launched for tighter ment of ideas and information, free A Ukrainian human rights activist awarded the Lenin prize for literature), discipline and order, and above all, the association, etc. As Abel Aganbegyan who had just arrived in Toronto the in nationalities relations (a centrali­ power and authority of the party leader­ put it, all previous attempts at re­ evening before, took the floor at the zation of power so mad that the firsi ship was to be restored. Structural forming the economy failed "because conference's sometimes stormy conclud­ secretary of the Communist Party of reforms were .not proposed, and al­ the reforms were not synchronized with ing panel on politics to pose a question Ukraine had to phone Moscow for though glasnost was affirmed by Gor­ a restructuring of other spheres of social to Soviet representatives. permission to construct a pedestrian bachev at the 27th Communist Party life:" ' ' * ' Stepan Sapeliak, 40, a leading mem­ overpass in Kiev), and even in the health Congress in February 1986, it,remained Expressed differeritly, you cannot ber of the Ukrainian Association of of the Soviet population (in contrast to an ineffectual slogan. But by the sum­ have a stagnant, controlled society, a Independent Creative Intelligentsia and the trends in all Western countries, life mer of 1986 perestroika had entered a domineering political system — and, at a member of the editorial board of its expectancy actually declined: from 71 to new phase, what Boris Kagarlitski calls the same time, expect economic dy­ journal, Kafedra, thus made his first 64 years of age since the 1960s in the its "golden age." The Chornobyl namism. If this were possible to achieve, public appearance just hours after he case of men.) But the most pressing disaster and the political imperatives the dictators of this world would have arrived in the West for a three-month crisis was economic. of economic reform changed the pic­ long ago produced their version of visit. Everybody knew that official Soviet ture. Japan. But they have not and cannot. statistics lied, but the size of the lie is The Chornobyl accident revealed the This is the political imperative of EDITOR'S' NOTE: With this only now becoming clear. General numerous weaknesses of the traditional glasnost, and the only guarantee of its issue, The Ukrainian Weekly be­ Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev told his management system and its potentially continuation. To backtrack on glasnost gins its extensive coverage of the top officials last year that once the cataclysmic consequences. The truth, would mean to plunge the economy recent symposium held at York official figures are purged of the in­ more or less, about Chornobyl, opened deeper into the mire of economic and University on the topic "Glasnost fluence of expanded vodka sales and the way to a more honest examina­ social stagnation. in Soviet Ukraine." This week, higher prices for Soviet oil exports tion of a range of other contemporary As Seweryn Bialer has noted, Soviet we offer a general news story during the Brezhnev years, it then turns problems, and in its wake soon followed society seems to be governed by a about the conference and the first out that the USSR has been a no- a re-examination of the Stalinist past. peculiar social law which dictates that part of Dr. Bohdan Krawchenko's growth economy for as long as 20 years. opening address. In fact, things were even worse because Still to come: reports on the of the operation of the "law of in­ If one were to look for guarantees of glasnost's per­ politics panels, arts panels^ open­ creasing inefficiency and waste." manence in the legal sphere..., then one would be ing of an exhibit of works by artist In Ukraine, two years ago, every Feodosiy Humeniuk, and Dr. fourth product of the machine-building disappointed. The reform of the criminal code is George Grabowicz's concluding industry was obsolete (by Soviet stand­ slow in coming. Although there is much discussion address. ards) the moment it left the factory. In 1983 the Soviet economy had to spend about zakonnost — legality — it is ironic that the The Kharkiv writer asked Mr. Bo­ 3.7 times as much cast iron, 3 times as gayevsky why the writers who are much steel and cement, and 2.3 times as initials KGB are never mentioned. allowed to travel from Ukraine to the much oil as the American economy to West are always the same group — Ivan produce a comparable unit of national Gorbachev's early economic policy, economic reform begins not with the Drach, Dmytro Pavlychko, etc. — and income. The Soviet economy had that of increasing pressure on direct "economic base," but with the super­ why writers like the late Vasyl Stus, Ihor not yet entered the third technological producers, yielded some immediate structure. Gorbachev made this point Kalynets and Yevhen Sverstiuk were revolution —"plasties, electronics, results. A 4 percent growth rate was succinctly at the 19th Party Conference not and are not allowed to travel to, say, computers. Soviet labor productivity achieved in 1986 as enterprise directors last June when he said, "Today we are Canada for roundtable discussions. He in agriculture is one-tenth that of the called into circulation hidden reserves facing many complicated problems. also broached the idea of establishing a . U.S. (The USSR has more farmers than of raw materials. But almost all of this Which of these problems is they key Ukrainian writers' club, akin to the PEN the industrialized West «„u Japan growth, as Nikolai Shmelev has noted, one? The Central Committee of the Club, that would unite all Ukrainian combined.) Up i6 one-third of all was attributed to the excess production party considers that it is the reform of writers — those both in Ukraine and in vegetables harvested rot in the fields; of shoddy surplus goods. Success even our political system." diaspora. * the equivalent of Canadian annual of this sort was shortlived: by 1987 But political reform is the thorniest of Mr. Bogayevsky commented that production of grain is lost during industry grew by a mere 1.5 percent, and issues since it concerns the essential Soviet authorities would consider all the machine-building sector, considered feature of the Soviet Union — the possibilities in regard to permitting Bohdan Krawchenko is director of critical for perestroika, was stagnant. monopoly of political power enjoyed by writers to travel abroad, while Dr. the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Reform through moral exhortation and the Communist Party and the panoply Zhulynsky observed that Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta and direct pressure was getting nowhere. of privileges that this entails. Reforms literature outside of Ukraine should in associate profesmr of the Department It wa& in a speech in Krasnodar in adopted at the 19th Party Cor fere nee fact be included within the framework of Slavic and East European Studies. September 1986 that Gorbachev first are aimed at invigorating the insti­ of the study of Ukrainian literature, The address above was delivered at spoke of the need to democratize Soviet tutions of the state beginning with the "For years we did not study it, we the dinner that opened ike York Univer­society. Democratization was to be- Supreme Soviet, allowing for more tha§i t&oft&%vv he - saM^We 'should send sity ryMpdsitfrti "Glasnost in Sovietc o me a ft i nit tu me n t 6 f ref o r rri; the one candidate stand Mr stat¥*knd (Continued on pagf 13} Ukraine"on Saturday, January 28. "driving force ot perestroika"as Gorba- (Continued on page 13) The Soyuz donates another $50,000 Fraternal Corner to Harvard Project on Millennium by A ndre J, Worobec Fraternal Activities Coordinator Mnohaya Lita Batko!

The Ukrainian National Association * * * was founded on February 22, 1894, in This to let you know what is going on the town of Shamokin, Pa. It then had a in the Fraternal Activities Depart­ membership of 439, assets of $220.35, ment. and a lofty goal of being the first • To those UNA branch secretaries guardian of Ukrainians in the U.S. (and, and district committees who have sent since 1901, in Canada). in names, addresses and phone numbers Today the UNA is over 75,000 strong of the fraternal activities coordinators in with assets over $62 million. To our 95- their respective districts or branches, a year-old organization which has ably big thank you. Many districts and achieved the above-mentioned goal has branches have yet to respond in this helped Ukrainians all over the world matter. and has reached out to help people of If you haven't done so, please do it at other nationalities whenever they were your earliest convenience, otherwise it in need, we wish a resounding "Happy will be assumed that the district pre­ Birthday Batko Soyuz" and "Mnohaya sident or the branch secretary is carry­ Lita!" ing out the responsibilities of the district or branch fraternal activities coordi­ nator. • We are deeply grieved by the recent The UNA has always supported the passing of Lev Blonarovych, secretary family. Family memberships always of Branch 34 in Richmond, Va. Lev was Executive officers of the Ukrainian National Association present a check for were the backbone of the UNA. Even last year's "UNA Fraternalist of the $50,000 to the Harvard Project. The check was the second $50,000 the basic idea of fraternal insurance is Year." It is a great loss, not only for his installment of the $150,000 pledged by the UNA for publication of works to provide financial protection to the immediate family and friends, but for related to the Millennium of Christianity in Ukraine. Seen in the photo above family when it loses its breadwinner. his branch, the Baltimore District, the (from left) are: Supreme Secretary Walter Sochan, Supreme Treasurer Preserving the family is UNA's insur­ entire UNA and the Ukrainian com­ Ulana Diachuk, Dr. Stepan Woroch, Dr. Omeljan Pritsak, Supreme ance for the future. munity. We surely will miss you, Lev. President John O. Flis and Bohdan Robak. During its anniversary month, the UNA would like to honor families which are 100 percent UNA families. In UNA to sponsor folkloric ensemble from Lemkivshchyna other words, if the entire family, a married couple, a parent and children or father, mother and children, are members of the UNA, with dues paid up through January 1989, the UNA would like to pay tribute to you by awarding you a certificate. The certificates of honor will be sent to the respective district committees to be distributed. This is our way of saying to you, the UNA family, that you are appreciated and that we are glad that you have stayed with us through all this time. New York's Dumka Chorus to honor UNA JERSEY CITY, N.J. — In com­ memoration of two anniversaries — the 95th anniversry of the founding of the Ukrainian National Association and its own 4 )th jubilee — the Dumka Chorus of Ne*v York will appear in a gala conceit at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall. At a meeting between UNA executive officers and representatives of the The Oslaviany Folkloric Ensemble of dancers, singers and musicians from Lemkivshchyna. Dumka choir of New York, it was decided that this concert will be held on JERSEY CITY, N.J. — The Oslavi­ The group has appeared throughout of Lemko dances and songs. Sunday, September 17. any Folkloric Ensemble from Lemkiv­ Poland and in Czechoslovakia, and has The North American tour is being Present at the meeting were: John O. shchyna will tour North America this, some 140 performances to its credit. It arranged through the American Arts Flis, UNA supreme president; Ulana spring under the sponsorship of the works closely with the Ukrainian Social- agency headed by Henry Michalski, Diachuk, supreme treasurer; and Svo­ Ukrainian National Association in the Cultural Society (USKT) of Poland. Its which had handled similar tours by the boda editor-in-chief Zenon Snylyk; United States and the Ukrainian Cana­ director is Evhen Mohyla; Roman Zhuravli Choir and the Lemkovyna Simon Komirny, director of Dumka; dian Committee in Canada. Dlugosz is the musical-vocal assistant. Folkloric Ensemble, also from Poland. Ihor Rakowsky, president of the board; Oslaviany is a troupe of 35 singers, In preparation for its North Ameri­ and Olha Hayetsky and Olena Zamiata, dancers and musicians — young men can tour, the troupe has invited Lviv Oslaviany will perform first in the members of the board. and women from the area around the choreographer Yaroslav Chuperchuk United States, beginning on March 30; Dumka will invite singers and other village of Mokre, near Sianik, Poland. to teach its members folk dances from their tour will end in Canada on April performers who have appeared with the The name of the ensemble is derived the Hutsul and Boyko regions of U- 24. The dates and locations of their choir in the past to perform also at from the Oslava River that flows kraine. These will be added to the performances will be announced Avery Fisher Hall. through the village. Oslaviany ensemble's usual repertoire shortly. The Ukrainian National Association: 95 years of community service Faces and Places

by Myron B. Kuropas The UNA is 95 The Ukrainian National Association, the oldest, largest and strongest Ukrainian fraternal benefit institution in the world, marks the 95th Celebrating the UNA anniversary of its founding on February 22, the birthday of the first president of the United States, George Washington. It is fitting that the When we mark the 95th anniversary nik, the GCU organ, regarding quest­ of the Ukrainian National Association ions of ethno-national heritage. For UNA was born on the birthday of "the father of our country," since in on February 22, what is it that we will be Uhro-Rusyns the designation "Ukrai­ the years that followed, the Ukrainian National Association itself celebrating? nian" was a radical — some called it played the role of a father to U krainian immigrants to these shores and What is it that the UNA has ac­ "satanic" — departure from Rusyn also became a founding father of Ukrainian American community life complished in the past 95 years that Catholic tradition. Hardly an issue of in the United States. For that reason, the organization came to be deserves a celebration? Viestnik was published during this early known as "Batko Soyuz." Isn't the UNA an insurance compa­ period without some condemnation of From the beginning, Soyuz was poised to act in the interests of its ny? What's the big deal about cele­ the "Ukrainists" for their betrayal of the members — providing for their material and spiritual well-being. At brating the anniversary of an insuracne Rusyn heritage. first this meant seeing to it that members'families would have enough company? Another reef along the journey was fdnds to bury the deceased and setting up reading rooms for the The Ukrainian National Association the Irish-dominated American Catholic educational and spiritual enrichment of the community. The UNA is more than an insurance company. It is Church which was detemined to as­ no exaggeration to say that with the similate all immigrant Catholics into also promoted its members' consciousness — both as Ukrainians and exception of the Ukrainian Church, no one Church. Opposed to ethnic parishes as Americans. institution has done more to preserve of any kind, Irish bishops were especial­ As the UNA grew, and the needs and concerns of its members and protect the Ukrainian American ly eager to rid their dioceses of Ukrai­ became more diversified, the focus of UNA activity changed as well. In community than the UNA. nian Catholic priests who were married. the second phase of its existence, the UNA encouraged Ukrainians When the UNA was founded as the In the forefront of the struggle for an living in America to become U.S. citizens, while at the same time Ruskyi Narodnyi Soyuz in 1894, there autonomous Eastern-rite Church in the reminding them not to forget their brothers and sisters in the were no "Ukrainians" in the United United States was the UNA. When homeland. The UNA began to promote the building of churches and States. There were only immigrants Rusyn-Ukrainians met in Harrisburg, national homes in the U.S., as well as to support institutions in from Carpatho-Ukraine and Galicia Pa., in 1902 to demand a separate Ukraine through financial contributions. who called themselves "Rusyns." Of all bishop and exarchy from Rome, it was Next in UNA history came the development of its publishing the Rusyns who immigrated to America Svoboda editor Ivan Ardan who coined prior to World War I, some 40 percent the slogan "Proch z Rymom" (Away activity, its involvement in political actions in the United States, and would remain Rusyns (Ruthenians); from Rome) as an answer to Rome's its leading role in the formation of Ukrainiancentral organizations^ some 20 percent would begin to call seeming indifference to Ukrainian Ame­ the same time, the Ukrainian National Association spoke out on themselves Russians, and 40 percent rican concerns. When Rome responded, behalf of the Ukrainian nation in the native land. would begin to identify themselves as and Soter Ortynsky, America's first Today, at the age of 95, with some 75,000 members in the United Ukrainians. If it hadn't been for the Ukrainian Catholic bishop, arrived in States and Canada, the Ukrainian National Association's activity UNA and the Ukrainian Catholic 1907, he was immediately made an encompasses myriad fields: political activity for the benefit of Church, none of the Rusyns would have honorary member of the UNA. s Ukrainian Americans and Ukrainian Canadians, as well as Ukrai­ become Ukrainians. Although the UNA has always been nians throughout the world, including Ukraine; patronage of the arts; The UNA was founded by three supportive of the Ukrainian Church, it support of scholarly endeavors; charitable activity; publication of Rusyns who became disenchanted with hasn't always been supportive of the periodicals, books and other informative materials; promotion of the Magyarophile posture of the Greek Church hierarchy. In 1926, for example, the UNA was openly critical of Ukrai­ sports. Catholic Union (Sojedinenije), founded in 1892. Led by Uhro-Rusyn priests nian Catholic Bishop Constantine And there are numerous benefits for its members, ranging from whose cultural sympathies were more Bohachevsky for what many UNA discounts on UNA publications and accommodations at the Hungarian than Rusyn, the GCU soon members believed was his attempt to Soyuzivka resort, to loans, mortgages and scholarships, and even became a virtulently anti-Ukrainian Latinize the Church. The wounds housing for its senior members. There are also various special fraternal society committed to under­ inflicted by the contention took years to programs and activities geared for the young, senior citizens and the mining all UNA efforts to Ukrainianize heal. in-between — all of whom comprise the membership of today's Rusyns, especially those from Car­ Always willing to support contro­ Ukrainian National Association. In short, the concerns of its members patho-Ukraine where the Ukrainian versial causes if they believed they were are the concerns of the UNA. national renaissance had barely begun. worthy, the UNA leadership has, ne­ As the times have changed, the UNA has always responded to the Under the leadership of such dynamic vertheless, attempted to steer a mo­ needs and desires of its members. That is the key to this fraternal priests as the Rev. Ivan Konstankevych derate course free of extremes. The organization's success. Members of the Ukrainian community in of Shamokin, one of the founding UNA left the Federation of Ukrainians members, and the Revs. Anthony Bon- in the United States in 1916, for exam­ North America, by supporting the UNA through their enrollment, are, chevsky and Nicholas Stefanovych, ple, when it was perceived that the in fact, also helping themselves and their entire community. For, as the each of whom served a term as supreme organization was dominated by the UNA has proven countless times during its 95 years of service to president, the UNA was able to rid itself political far left. In 1980, the UNA Ukrainians, an investment in the UNA is an investment in the of a Russophile element that was withdrew from the Ukrainian Congress Ukrainian community. pushing Rusyns towards the Russian Committee when that organ nation camp. came to be dominated by the n ilitant By 1900, the UNA had safely sailed right. out of Hungarian and Russian waters Over the past 95 years, th e has and was heading full steam towards the hardly been a significant even' in our Ukrainian shore. It was not an easy community in which the UNA nas not Turning the pages back... voyage. played a paramount role, from the Generously subsidized by the Rus­ proclamation by President Woodrow sian tsarist government, the Russian Wilson of "Ukrainian Day" in 1917 to Orthodox Church in America was the creation of the Ukraine Famine Ninety-five years ago, on February 22, 1894, the busily converting thousands of Rusyns Commission in 1984; from the con­ Ukrainian National Association (then called the Ruskyi to Russian Orthodoxy, arguing that struction of a Ukrainian pavilion at the Narodnyi Soyuz) was founded in the town of Shamokin, they were "returning" to the "true faith" Chicago World's Fair in 1933 to the Pa., a community that at the time was considered the most nationally conscious of their venerable forefathers. Even the erection of the Taras Shevchenko statue Ukrainian settlement. " '. "* u • Rev. Gregory Hrushka, Svoboda^s first in Washington in 1964; from the publi­ The founding meeting of what today is known as the UNA was the result of editor, fell prey to Russian blandish­ cation of a one-volume condensation of planning by four Catholic priests — Hryhoriy Hrushka, Ivan Konstankevych, ments. The UNA battled this insidious Michael Hrushevsky's "History of Teofan Obushkevych and Amvrosiy Poliansky — Who decided that a separate threat with membership campaigns, the Ukraine" in 1941 to the creation of a organization was needed to care for the needs of Ukrainian immigrants living in the creation of reading rooms, and with chair in Ukrainian history at Harvard 1 ! United States. editorials and articles in Svoboda aimed University in 1968. Following is an excerpt (translated from Ukrainian) from an account of that at informing Rusyns about their Ukrai­ Today, there are those who argue that founding meeting that was published in Svoboda on March 1, 1894. nian heritage. the UNA has seen its best days. I don't Uhro-Rusyn priests were subsidized agree. I believe our best days are yet to by Hungary and thev, too. were op­ come. posed to Ukrainianization of Rusyns. In 1988, we celebrated the triumph of On February 22, 1894, the same day that all of America celebrates the Svoboda iound itself in what appealed a religio-cultural vision. In 1989, we r ? zxLmvhH&fy~*6fHhe-bi"rt'hdd^' d#'the gtfeatWashirlgtdri, feartes&fighter for fte^aitr"t o >£"a "nAvef-encimg struggle with'thd * celebrate the tritirriph of an ^thnbfta*-' : edtiM 6iMrhy?yk^riskyi;TRuskyi Viest- tional raeal:m^ iUv# Ethnic saga in Ukrainian prose and poetry: Samchuk and Slavutych

by Dr. Wolodymyr T. Zyla of the Canadian prairies who brought the wilderness And borne on golden wings the harvests come, of the West in touch with civilization, who turned the Drawn to their destination as by thirst. The term "saga" normally denotes legendary and forests into wide fields and laid the foundations for a To our Ukrainian ploughs, honor and fame: historical material in which the author attempts an new life. They are hopeful and determined characters Canada's lands you opened from the first! imaginative reconstruction of the past according to who work from sunup to sundown, and cut trails certain aesthetic principles. It is usually a story of great through the wilderness. They are: Readers may see great psychological changes in complexity and richness which clearly reflects human these sagas. The Ukrainian settlers become an integral strengths and weaknesses. Not Corteses from some long-bygone day, part of the American and Canadian creative way of A similar function is here assigned to the term Not empires' minions grabbing without leave, life. They begin sharing the phenomenon of building "ethnic saga" which in its fictional manifestation is of the new world. Yet, at the same time, wherever they historical origin and, as such, lends itself easily to but simple immigrants inspired by the hope that their settle, they maintain their ethno-national integrity varying interpretations. In a broader sense, however, it "humble plough with home-made steel" will change and create a second homeland for themselves. is a convergence of historical, moral and literary the wilderness and will In an essay titled "Ukrainian Chicago: The Making concerns around the literary hero who is searching for of k Nationality Group in America," Myron B. success. •* ...let the famed Podillian wheat lie there Kuropas writes: "It is here in America that Ukrainian Such ethnic sagas are the stories of common men In the black lap of porous earth instead. institutions have flourished, and it is here that who, in a strange, new land, try to cross the abyss Ukrainian traditions have survived for four genera­ separating their ambitions from their means to attain And it happened that way, their tions. If one were asked, therefore, to summarize the them in order to reap the reward for their innate strong Ukrainian American experience in a brief statement, qualities. ...arms drove roads through wooded land as they that statement would be 'the development and Two writers who excel in the creation of ethnic sagas Worked tirelessly for Canada's renown. preservation of Ukrainianism.' " A similar process in Ukrainian literature are Ulas Samchuk (1905-1987) takes place in Canada, where in Slavutych's saga the and Yar Slavutych (b. 1918). In both cases one observes the hardships of conquerors retain tenaciously a profound conscious­ Ulas Samchuk was a prose writer who contributed pioneering life; neither author deals with empty ness of the identity and heritage within the Canadian much to the development of the Ukrainian novel. His human beings, or with their caricatures. Their mosaic of peoples, but nevertheless contribute to the trilogy "Volyn" (Volhynia, 1932-37) is probably his characters are real, rigorously governed by moral creation of a common Canadian culture: most significant work from the literary view point; it exigencies, and are unchanging, no matter what their offers a realistic picture of the provincial life with its social conditions are. The sagas' theme seems simple, To west and east the ploughmen go to toil, interests, passions, ambitions and tragic struggle. The but, since it is treated with originality, it becomes Their footprints redolent of good black soil — author's dedication to his craft and the autobiographi­ interesting and convincing. Neither work is easy They brighten distance as with branch and bloom; cal flavor make this epic tale a success. His subsequent reading. Both become more complex as they progress. In them fatigue's regrets can find no room. works are less autobiographical and deal more nearly Although they lack the traditional epic sweep, they with ideas. He also successfully writes about Canadian cover many years of the Ukrainian ethnic group's Their world becomes one in which work and rest are and American themes. difficult and significant development. The authors are uniquely united, and it flashes inward and outward Yar Slavutych is a poet and scholar of language and realistic in their critiques of life, but they simulta­ producing an inner depth, a state to which all life literature. His nine collections of poetry reflect his neously underscore the virtuous and meritorious advances. Slavutych's plowmen are conspicuously growth, and they have already secured for him a place successes of Ukrainian immigrants, and emphasize the men of the past and of the present, whose deeds are in Ukrainian literature. His lyrics and epics show great lasting effects of the immigrants' experiences. influenced by both. Their impulses and psychological originality. Though he is a traditionalist, he respects Samchuk's world emerges with the true characte­ outbursts reflect the impact of the past and the present reality; his wish is very simple: he wants to leave ristics of a saga and continues that way throughout. upon them. something more permanent, something that will reveal The writer sees beauty in the pioneers' experiences in What is striking, however, is that Samchuk and his personality in a historical sense. And from this which the present is temporarily displaced by Slavutych use the same artistic landscapes which, if desire comes the optimism that is so characteristic of portrayals of the past. The work flows along two not governed by exactly the same historico-critical his creativity. / ?: planes: on one Samchuk depicts America's • develop­ assumptions, are markedly alike in their content. Both Both of these authors have created splendid ment; on the other, he portrays the Ukrainian settlers writers explore the borderline realm of the world of the examples of ethnic sagas. Ulas Samchuk, in"Slidamy who found their places and became one with the immigrant, and for both of them immigrant life is a Pioneriv"(In the Footsteps of the Pioneers), and Yar American people. psychological construct as well as a projected — or Slavutych, in "The Conquerors of the Prairies," use The most interesting part of the work occurs where rather conjectured — external world. They both see historical material and literary techniques that he describes the building of the new world in which a the immigrants as distinct historical people with a ultimately contribute to the meaningfulness of the saga. person enjoys freedom to show his creative abilities in distinct assignment that they have to perform. The The two presentations offer imaginative reconstruc­ the economic and political spheres yet preserves his possibility of these analogies supports the idea that tions of the past and are essentially realistic but deeply original national identity. Thus Samchuk's formula­ Samchuk's and Slavutych's works are structurally the permeated with aesthetic elements. tion of this problem reminds us that he believes in beginning of the great saga of immigration. Samchuk's work is a profound and comprehensive America; by building a great canvas of events he This impression is borne out narratively in both portrayal of the historical, psychological and moral creates an imaginative space and a fictional shield to works, but Samchuk's assignment is much harder than problems faced by Ukrainian immigrants in their protect the integrity of the pioneers' deeds while Slavutych's. Thus, in Samchuk's "Slidamy Pioneriv," quest to achieve a good life in new surroundings. His creating out of them a saga for posterity. he uses such various artistic means as the essay, work begins with the first Ukrainian immigrants. Samchuk loves America and his enthusiasm is both reporting, historical exploration, traditional stories, These immigrants were in most cases illiterate; they fresh and sincere, dictated by his mind and supported memoirs and artistic prose. And he fuses these various were not always even sure of their nationality. But, in by his deep feelings. He tries to depict everything genres with all the skills of an experienced writer, and, love with their; customs, songs and language, they left which appeals to his soul. He looks at America from to a certain extent, he is successful. However, when his their divided and subjugated country because of many possible angles; he depicts its history, philo­ work is compared with Slavutych's poetic elaboration, economic difficulties and repression. sophy and economy; he looks at its social and political it inevitably suffers from too much complexity. It "They were the unhappiest of all immigrants that life. And he quotes abundantly from American retains its historical and descriptive elements but is came to America," wrote Luka Myshuha. They authors to demonstrate his view. His work embodies seen not to be analytical. Though Samchuk shows crossed the sea and came to a land they had hardly the result of careful studies of Ukrainian American life taste and an artistic approach as well as scholarship in even heard of before. They left the places where they and of extensive traveling through the American East the selection of his material and in inviting his reader had lived for centuries and went to "the end of the and West. In "Slidamy Pioneriv" he writes: to enjoy it aesthetically, he does not discuss its artistic world" looking for a more favorable fate. No one "The main thing I want to know is what our qualities. cared for them. Their coming to America was possibilities are as compared to what my eyes see and Slavutych, on the other hand, becomes visionary. In accidental, uncoordinated and done without any what my mind perceives. We want to lift ourselves his work the poor settlers are elevated to the previous planning. higher, perhaps reaching the summits, in order to conquerors of the great realm accessible only to The immigrant poet Sava Charnetskyi, contemplat­ become impregnated with the spirit of the greatness of heroes. In keeping with this intention, his central focus ing his own departure from his native country, wrote: the [American] way of life, in on the conquerors' relationship to Canada, and this "And then to repeat this in words. We want to is where the ultimate value resides. However, the Leaving my land in despair express our observations in a better way so that they thrust of the argument is of a saga-type with hidden And sailing to unknown distant places, will be more meaningful and will move... [the identity, though with an obvious difference in I felt pain in my heart and burning tears immigrants] to greater success." performance. The images are traditional and tend to 1 Watered my eyes and my face. This is a belief which Samchuk promotes assiduou­ change from local concerns to questions of far-reaching Slavutych's saga, "The Conquerors of the Prairies," sly. He looks at America as an example of what a importance. Thus we ought to measure Slavutych's on the other hand, deals with the modern conquerors human being can do when he is free. For that reason he artistic success by the questions he provokes: portrays carefully the American spirit, beliefs and Dr. Wolodymyr T. Zyla is professor emeritus of unlimited creative possibilities. He speaks with "For not in vain I left behind Slavic languages and literatures at Texas Tech admiration about the American dream. He even views My native, distant Halych, University. The article above was originally publishedAmerica n architecture as an example of what can be That I, in fields of fertile lands, in Melus, a journal devoted to the study of multi­ achieved by human beings who are free to create. Discovered freedom's outreach..." ethnic literature of the United States, and is an One must wonder how the Ukrainian immigrants "Goodbye!" "Adieu!" And John and Jean expanded version of a scholarly paper delivered by thefel t about America when they first saw such great Had pierced the prairie fragrance, author. achievements as they encountered in New York. Their footsteps — eastward! Stayed Ivan, We publish the paper in this issue of The UkrainianSurel y they were surprised and faced them with (Continued on page 12) Weekly in accordance with Dr. Zyla's wish that it astonishmentbe . But as Slavutych writes in "Con­ dedicated to the Ukrainian National Association onquerors, " they were also determined to become a part * Sava Charnetskyi, "Suchasni Zhovniry," All translations

the occasion of its 95th anniversary, k ; I : of so challenging a process: are mine excerpt where otherwise indicated. Interview A fraternal scrapbook: glimpses of f/# Supreme President John 0. Flis reflects upon the UNA at 95

members of the Supreme Assembly, and especially my closest co-workers in the Supreme Executive Committee. In these last 10 years the UNA has grown in wealth and prestige within our community. The Ukrainian community has seen that the UNA is always ready to defend its interests, as well the welfare of the entire community, and therefore now our critics must be "on alert" as to what, when and how they speak!

What was your most satisfying res­ ponsibility as supreme president?

It seems that the latest meeting of the Supreme Executive Committee and the Supreme Assembly, which for the last six years have been held in full har­ Delegates to the 10th UNA convention in Philadelphia gather for a photo. mony, friendship and have long re­ treated from those tumultuous misun­ derstandings which took place in earlier years. Now it's a real pleasure to run them.

What do you think is the most important to do in the next five years so that the UNA can mark its centennial in Supreme President John O. Flis at his a dignified manner? desk at the UNA headquarters. The following is a translation from The most important goal is not only Ukrainian of a recent interview witht o secure the good reputation of our John O. Flis, supreme president of the institution within the Ukrainian com­ Ukrainian National Association, con-munity, but it is also imperative that we ducted by Svoboda editor Olha Kuz- spread it among American and Cana­ mowycz. The interview appears in thedia n citizens, because these countries 1989 UNA Almanac, The focus of the and their politics can help us, Ukrai­ interview involves the supreme presi­nians, most of all in our national dent's reflections upon the 95th anni­aspirations. Here in my opinion, an versary of the UNA. In our next two unusually important role in the next few issues: interviews with Supreme Secre­years can be played by our Washing­ tary Walter Sochan and Supreme Trea­ton office, and today we cannot even surer Ulana Diachuk. begin to imagine the complete signi­ ficance of such an office and its work. What do you consider to be the Besides this, the UNA should also A view of the Main House at the UNA's upstate New York resort, Soyuzivka. UNA's greatest achievement in its 95- prepare itself in a dignified manner for year history? such an anniversary, as its existence for 100 years. One of the most important First, I think that our greatest achie­ parts of this preparation for our centen­ vement in the last 10 years, since I nial is the collection and preservation of became supreme president, is winning all the kinds of UNA activity of the last the complete faith of the UNA mem­ 100 years, its work and that of its bership and the whole community in the membership both living and dead, Supreme Executive Committee and the which brought about the success of our Supreme Assembly. organization, and, at the same time, through us for the success of the Ukrai­ How long have you worked for the nian community and for the defense of UNA and in what positions? the good Ukrainian name. This is our holy responsibility! First I served for 13 years as the head of the New York District Committee, What do you think about the expan­ where I kept an office as an attorney. sion of the UNA in Canada? Do you From that position in 19621 was elected believe it is necessary in the future? chairman of the UNA convention in New York. I was the chairman of all the It is not only needed, but it is im­ following conventions until 1974, when perative and possible, and the density of I was elected vice-president to Joseph Ukrainians may very well aid in this. Lesawyer. First of all, we would have to convince During this convention great dis­ our Canadian brothers there, that the parities in the vote count appeared, and UNA is foremost a Ukrainian institu­ Children at one of the many summer camps held at Soyuzivka. therefore my first assignment as vice- tion, and not an American or Cana­ president was to prepare voting machi­ dian one. Once this is perfectly clear, nes that were employed at the 29th then our co-workers on Canadian convention in 1978, when I was first territory can seriously begin their work elected supreme president. What that to establish the UNA in line with those means is that I've been "suffering" in institutions, which serve Ukrainians, this position for 10 years now. whereever they might live. Here, good will is needed, and first of all it is Now please tell us what you believe is important to get rid of this disunity, your greatest accomplishment in the which today exists among one group last 10 years, and in general in the last 23 and another group. years of working for the UNA and the Ukrainian community? What branch of your work do you think is most important in the future? It is difficult to answer this question — I alone -ifeould not have been able to in the UNA there are no most im- achieve anything without the other (Continued on page 11) UNA seniors at their annual conference held at the UNA estate. ie UNA's myriad activities Proclamation of UNA's 95th anniversary year It is our privilege and pleasure to remind all members, branches and districts of the UNA, that this year our association is celebrating its 95th anniversary, a milestone in our fraternal existence. Because the UNA has been responsible for multitudenal fraternal services rendered for our members, for our countries of residence, and for our Ukrainian cause, and Because the UNA, through hard work and diligence, has firmly established its reputation in diaspora and has proven its dependability, its reliability and its integrity through the invaluable fraternal services it has rendered over these 95 years, Now, therefore, the Supreme Executive Committee of the UNA strongly urges all members, branches and districts to suitably commemorate this 95th anniversary of the founding of the UNA by sponsoring appropriate concerts, banquets and other commemorative programs, with deserved honors being earmarked for our UNA pioneers who had toiled in the UNA fraternal ranks during these 95 years, for the good of our members, for the good of our countries of residence, and for the good of our Ukrainian cause. Supreme Executive Committee UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

Then Vice-President George Bush addresses UNA convention. Disaster

MHII.IMVUS

The Marunchak Ukrainian Dancers are among the many groups who graced stages at UNA-sponsored events. Among the books made possible by grants from the UNA are the two above.

The old and the new: the UNA's headquarters buildings in Jersey City, N.J. UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY — JANUARY 22, 1989 Washington Chicago WASHINGTON — A commemora­ He asserted that the WCFU supports tive concert to celebrate the anniversary the position of the Ukrainian Helsinki of Ukraine's independence was spon­ Union against the holding of an inter­ sored on January 28, by the Ukrainian national human rights conference in Association of Washington (UAW). Moscow in 1991. Furthermore, he said Yuri Shymko, recently elected head that he calls upon Moscow to correct all of the World Congress of Free Ukrain­ Soviet non-compliance and lapses in the ians (WCFU) and former member of sphere of human and religious rights by the Canadian Parliament, was the the year 1990. Among these actions, he keynote speaker. included Soviet recognition of the The program, held at 4 p.m. in Olney, Ukrainian Catholic and Ukrainian an outlying Maryland suburb, was Orthodox Churches. attended by about 250 people. Wolo­ In closing, Mr. Shymko remarked dymyr Demchuk, president of the that holding these independence com­ UAW, briefly introduced the concert memorative events is an affirmation by with references to the significance of the today's Ukrainians of the unity that anniversary of Ukraine's independence binds their ideals with those of Ukrain­ and a call to the Ukrainian community ians who foughtfor theseprinciplesover to unify itself behind the ideals fought 70 years ago, and it is a reaffirmation for 70 years ago in Ukraine. that Ukrainians today will use every > Anya Dydyk-Petrenko, a broadcast­ means at their disposal to continue to er for the Voice of America's Ukrainian fight for their lost rights and those of Branch, was mistress of ceremonies for millions of victims who came before. the remainder of the program. Mr. Shymko ended his speech by Among the over 300 attendees were quoting Mykola Rudenko, a founder of Ukrainian Catholic Bishop Michael the Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Kuchmiak and an 87-year-old veteran Group, from his poem, "The Cross": "If of Petliura's army, Andriy Nehrebetsky. your heart has not grown blind and if In the opening statement of his there is still some room for hope in you, bilingual presentation, Mr. Shymko keep tilling your poor fields. Life is not Rep. William O. Lipinski (center) receives the Illinois UCCA's Man of the Year noted the irony of today's world in some dream, but deed upon deed. And Award from Dr. Myroslav Charkewych (left) and Orest Baranyk (right). which space travel is possible, the atom it will come to pass that the sun shining has been split, and the heights of on that tilled field shall make grow free­ CHICAGO — The Ukrainian com­ Dr. Charkewych greeted the gathered technological research in many fields dom's seed at last." munity of Metropolitan Chicago com­ and delivered the keynote address, are within sight, yet one-fifth of the The musical part of the commemora­ memorated two events on January 22 which recalled the historical events of world's population does not live in tion was performed by the Dumka — the 71 st anniversary of the formation this commemoration. He emphasized freedom and is not guaranteed basic mixed choir from New York, conducted of the Ukrainian National Republic and the need to be wary of Moscow's current human and national rights. by Simon Komirny, and ably accom­ the 70th of the unification of Ukrainian actions. • Mr. Shymko appealed to Ukrainians panied on the piano by Tetyana Pos- : lands, -fv: ,M - ,y:| Afterwards, the master of Ceremo­ everywhere for a mobilization of the tashko. Dumka's female ensemble Although the main observance took nies, Orest Baranyk, was introduced. spirit before the test of history. Mr. directed by Mykhailo Lev also sang. place in the center of Chicago, all the He reminded the younger generation of Shymko noted that the era of glasnost Soloists for the performance included Ukrainian churches in the area con­ the dangers of nuclearization and and perestroika in the USSR has Sviatoslava Zhyla-Kacharay, Michael ducted services for the Ukrainian nation Russification, and called for a renewed brought many changes in the Soviet Nevmerzhytsky, Olena Novytska- and its aspirations for freedom. commitment to work toward obtaining Union but that there is still far to go. Zamiata, Borys Kekish and Mykola The proceedings held in Ss. Volo- independence. Bishop Innocent Lo- When it comes to seeing to it that Holodyk. The Ukrainian composers dymyr and Olha Church were fully tocky offered the invocation, in which repression is lifted, he said, the world featured included Hnatyshyn, Vedel, dedicated to the January anniversaries. should not be satisfied with half mea­ Bakhtynsky, Bortniansky, Kolessa, he thanked God for the freedom that we During the divine liturgy in the morn­ sures from totalitarian regimes, such as Liudkevych, Shamo, Kupchynsky, have here, and beseeched God for ing, the Rev. Marian Butrynsky de­ calling it progress when "a cannibal uses Kytasty, Lepky, Maiboroda, Dankevych freedom in Ukraine. livered an emotional sermon. He indi­ a knife and fork." and Kostetsky. Traditionally at this banquet the cated that the independence procla­ Citing YevhenSverstiuk's reference to Individual sponsors from the com­ Illinois Division of the UCCA presents mation was the logical culmination of the "hard time of the trial" we must face, munity had an opportunity to meet with the Man of the Year award. This year it Ukrainians' quest for freedom. While Mr. Shymko said the repression in the the choir after the concert at a buffet was presented to Rep. William O. asking the gathered to thank God for USSR and especially in Ukraine con­ dinner held at St. Andrew's Ukrainian Lipinski, sponsor of the House re­ some bright moments in Ukraine's tinues despite glasnost and perestroika. Orthodox Cathedral. solution calling for Ukrainian Chur­ history, he exorted patient work as a ches' rights. Upon acceptance of the means of helping achieve that long plaque, Rep. Lipinski (D-Ill.) delivered sought freedom. a speech in which he vowed to always At the completion of the liturgy, a fight for Ukrainian rights. The reaction JOHN DEMJANJUK SPEAKS: moleben was said for the Ukrainian was a standing ovation, nation. Exiting the church, the gathered Dr. Charkewych then proceeded to spilled out into the front court where present two service awards. The first they were met by Ukrainians from other went to the Rev. Butrynsky, who was "YOU HAVE JUDGED...A PERSON WHO IS NOT GUILTY churches. honored for his outstanding work as a OF ANYTHING, AN INNOCENT HUMAN BEING." At noon, Dr. Myroslav Charkewych, dedicated patriot and priest; the second president of the Illinois Division, to Stepan Skrobach for dedicated work "I AM NOT 'IVAN THE TERRIBLE' AND THE MOST JUST Ukrainian Congress Committee of at St. Nicholas Parish and the Pro­ America, addressed the gathered. The WITNESS IS GOD HIMSELF WHO KNOWS THAT I AM vidence Association^ INNOCENT." official proclamations from Gov. James Thompson and Mayor Eugene Sawyer An unexpected award, on behalf of " I DO NOT DE SERVE THIS. I AM INNOCENT, INNOCENT, were read. The ceremony of the raising the presidium of the UCCA Illinois of the colors was conducted by Stepan Division, was presented by Lev Bodnar INNOCENT. AND GOD IS MY WITNESS." Golash, during which the national to Dr. Charkewych for his untiring anthems were sung. work on behalf of national rights. PLEASE HELP SUPPORT THE APPEAL OF AN INNOCENT Among the 1,000 people present were This year, as in the past, the banquet MAN. heads of numerous organizations, was attended by representatives of 14 school children, uniformed representa­ Captive Nations. Also seated on the Prayers and financial support desparately needed. ^ tives of youth organizations and war dais was Rep. Henry Hyde (R-Ill.), who Please send donations to: veterans. The gathering dispersed after thanked the Ukrainian community for singing "Bozhe Velykyi." helping Americans realize how precious The commemoration continued freedom really is, Alderman Roman THE JOHN DEMJANJUK further at the newly constructed Ukrai­ Pucinski, State Sen. Myron Kulas, Julian Kulas, Roman Mycyk, Omelyan DEFENSE FUND nian Cultural Center. At 2 p.m., the festive banquet, attended by 600 people, Pleshkewych, Anastasia Charych and P. O. BOX 92819 was commenced with the placing of the Dr. Achilles Chreptowsky. CLEVELAND, OHIO 44192 colors. Halia Levun-Pawlyk sang the The afternoon's entertainment was American anthem, which was followed provided by the Troyanda Trio from by the Ukrainian anthem, sung by all Toronto. Pastor Olexa Harbuziuk gathered. ' delivered the benediction.' UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY — JANUARY 22, 1989 Bridgeport, Conn. Toronto by Natalia Pawlenko Mississauga and Scarborough. On Saturday, January 21, a banquet TORONTO — The Toronto celebra­ was held at the Royal York Hotel. At tions commemorating the 71st anniver­ the banquet, Toronto's Ukrainian sary of Ukraine's independence cul­ community presented its annual awards. minated with a gala concert at Roy Supreme Court Justice John Sopinka Thomson Hall on January 29. was selected as Man of the Year. The concert featured solo perfor­ The media award went to Channel mances by New York pianist Juliana 47-Cable TV, a privately owned tele­ Osinchuk on piano and Toronto vo­ vision station whose programming is calist Oksana Rohatyn-Makohon. In multicultural. The special "Millennium addition, five choral groups performed: Award" was presented to Halya Kuch- the Vesnivka, Dibrova, Prometheus mij of the Canadian Broadcasting and Burlaka choirs and the Yasmyn Corporation for her production of the Vocal Ensemble. outstanding one-hour documentary The featured address of the evening "Millennium." Long-time community was by Oksana Bryzhun-Sokolyk, the activists, Dr. and Mrs. Peter Hlibo- first vice-president of the World Fe­ wych were also honored for their deration of Ukrainian Women's Or­ contributions to the Ukrainian Ca­ ganizations. nadian community. Patrick Boyer, member of Parlia­ ment, read a greeting from Canada's The guest speaker at the banquet was Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Michael Wilson, Canada's minister of finance. On January 20, Mayor Thomas W. Bucci of Bridgeport, Conn., signed a The celebrations in fact had begun a proclamation designating January 22 as Ukrainian Independence Day in week earlier, on Saturday, January 21, The celebrations commemorating the his city. The ceremony was held in the presence of a delegation when the Ukrainian flag was raised at 71st anniversary of Ukraine's inde­ Toronto's City Hall. Similar flag- representing the local Ukrainian churches, fraternal and youth or­ pendence were organized by the To­ raising ceremonies were held in the ganizations led by Wasyl Peleschuk, president of the Bridgeport branch of ronto branch of the Ukrainian Cana­ neighboring communities of Etobicoke, the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America. dian Committee. Lake Worth, Fla. Pennsylvania HARRISBURG, Pa. —Gov. Robert brate their historic struggle for in­ P. Casey proclaimed "Ukrainian Inde­ dependence by paying tribute to their pendence Week" January 22-28, 1989, nationalist leaders and the exhilarating on January 27 in the Governor's Recep­ spirit of 1918. tion Room in the Capitol. The signing "The people of Pennsylvania ap­ was witnessed by a representation of the preciate the liberating force of a dec­

Ukrainian- .community* r,;rr.L.u hi*-; laration of independence, and annually The proclamation stated in part: join with those of Ukrainian descent in praying for people everywhere who are "Each year, in the fourth week of denied basic human rights and free­ January, Ukrainian Americans cele- doms."

him to the prison hospital, the authori­ Rights activist... ties decided to release him. In Decem­ (Continued from page 3) ber, Mr. Sapeliak, along with other In 1984, it Was reported that Mr. rights activists, was arrested and sen­ Sapeliak was under investigation for tenced to 15 days of administrative allegedly engaging in "anti-Soviet arrest in order to prevent him from agitation and propaganda." participating in an International Hu­ Last year in July he was warned that man Rights Day manifestation on Members of the Ukrainian American Club of the Palm Beaches and city he would be arrested for "parasitism" if December 10. officials of Lake Worth, Fla., attended a flag-raising ceremony on January he did not find a job. He was summoned On January 14 and 15 of this year, at 20. Mayor Ralph Schenk and City Commissioner Ray Stronacker officiated by local authorities, who threatened to the first congress of the Ukrainian at the ceremony. President Amalia Storoznensky read a short story on the send him to Chornobyl to work on the Association of Independent Creative history of Ukraine and the Great Famine. clean-up of the contaminated area. He Intelligentsia, Mr. Sapeliak delivered a was then placed in prison where he report on the work of the journal tional Union of Lithuanian Youth; declared a hunger strike. Kafedra. He was designated'to serve as National... Lagle Parek and Ants Tsindis of the Consuming nothing, not even water, chief editor of the journal for an interim (Continued from page 1) Estonian National Independence Party; by the fifth day of his hunger strjkeJMr. period and was voted a member of ihe only within the confines of an empire Algimantas Baltrushis and Antanas Sapeliak was very ill. Instead of sending board of UANTI. but also within a federation or a con­ Terletskas of the Lithuanian Freedom federation," states the charter. League; Messrs. Makar and Hrytsay of Ukraine. Although the press today Is Supreme President.. Because this stetement was clearly the UHU fraction; Ints Tsalitis of the very expensive, these expenses justify unaligned with the Declaration of Unofficial Popular Front of Latvia; themselves hundreds of times over. (Continued from page i) Principles of the UHU, the only Ukrai­ Serzuk Mekhames of the Byelorussian If you look at it as a whole, the same nian group participating, Messrs. Hor- Club Pogonia and the newspaper the portant or least important kinds of motives, which quided our predecessors bal and Shevchenko, as members of the Byelorussian Tribune; Georgi Akhelia activity. All the work of the UNA is tied 95 years ago as well as their succes­ UHU's All-Ukrainian Coordinating of the Georgian National democratic with its membership and for the benefit sors during this whole period, then these Committee, did not sign the document. Party; and Piatras Tidzikis of the of the Ukrainian community, which the motives continue to guide us today — to Messrs. Makar and Hrytsay, howe­ Lithuanian Committee to Aid Political UNA serves. One of the most beneficial serve the Ukrainian nation. The Ukrai­ ver, signed the charter as representa­ Prisoners. branches of UNA work is its financing nian National Association was the first tives of a "faction"of the UHU, which is A conference devoted^ to the national and support of our press, and this is to introduce into our lives the Ukrai­ comprised of members of diverse po­ democratic movements of the USSR is Svoboda and The Ukrainian Weekly, nian idea. These ideas were served by litical persuasions. f ? reportedly being organized by Vladimir because through it the UNA maintains our predecessors, and. with God's help The "Charter of Freedom of the Bukovsky and Paruir Airikian in Paris a close link with the community at large, they will be served by those ^yho came Enslaved Peoples of the USSR" was in May, with the aim of establishing an and even with our brothers and sister in after us! ..'.<.. • \ . .,1 1- signed on January 29 by: Mekhak external representation of this group. Gabrielian of the National Union for Messrs. Bukovsky and Airikian have the Self-Determination of Armenia; been asked to serve as representatives Want to reprint an article? Vaan Ishkhanian of the United Strug­ abroad of the national democratic If you would like to reprint an article from The-Weekly in another publi­ gle for the Survival of Armenia; Merab movements. Kostava of the Society of St. I Ilia the The next meeting of the Coordinating cation, you may obtain permission, in most cases, by contacting the editor. Veritable (Georgia); Tariel Gviniash- Committee of the Non-Russian Pa­ vili of the (Society of Illia Chavche- triotic Movements of the USSR is vadze. ^Georg^X Stasis; ^Bushkiavieius scheduled.- for, rApcJi *£Q ~ tOr, h -in < and Paulius Y<$Hd&tfta& oJUht Ma^i Tallinn, Estonia. - Hv

being committed to describing the Ukrainian ex­ approach — at times subjective, emotional and ph Books available perience, keeps very close to the object of his unsystematic — that provide fundamental concepts to investigation. His intent is fruitful for the subject itself the formulation oi nis nolens aDout the ...Ukrainian•' ^Slldamy Pioneriv" (in Ukrainian) by Ulas< because the world he constructs must be distinguish­ ethnic group. His complex perception of human Samchuk was published in 1980 by Svoboda Press, able from fantasy or science fiction. The world he is existence is truly accurate. It justifies the instances Jersey City, N.J. "The Conquerors of the Prairies" talking about is not a foreign world; it is an American where his genius or capability of recognizing the by^Yar Slavutych was released in 1984 by Slavuta, world permeated with Ukrainian cultural and spiritual normal flux and expected progress of ethnic life is Edmonton, in a bilinugal (Ukrainian-English) elements. And here he is to be applauded for his carefully set. His mediation, \vhich must be undersood edition. Both books are available from the Svoboda determination to take the truth of saga seriously by in terms of a dynamic concept opposed to a static Bookstore, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. filling in its contents honestly with all assertions historical narrative imitation, is the sole guarantee of 07302. Prices are: $15 for "Slidamy Pioneriv"; $10 needed for an explicit and rigorous portrayal. * his objectivity. Samchuk's ideas for this reason will for "The Conquerors of the Prairies."

TO ALL MEMBERS OF UNA BRANCH 367, ZAPOROSKA SITCH SOCIETY IN ROCHESTER, NEW YORK VESELI NOCHI BUY U.S. Please take notice that I am collecting dues every Friday evening between the hours of Records & tapes $10.00 U.S. to SAVINGS 79 p.m. in the St. Josaphat School cafeteria at Stanton Lane, Rochester, NY. ^ U.K. RECORDS * BONDS If you prefer to mail your dues, kindly use my home address: P.O. Box 297 Liverpool, N.Y. 13088 370 Wilkins Street, Rochester, N.Y. 14621 For the current rate call.., All members are asked to pay their current dues as well as any arrears. Band Reservations: 7-800- :u " J\:n^[f"'[ 1^6iiis1*6pdWych, Branch Secretary « US-BONDS the status of the Ukrainian Catholic panel. Thus Mr. Humeniuk was able, kraine to study the processes under way Speakers... Church, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union for the first time, to attend an exhibit of in Ukraine and the Soviet Union, and to (Continued from page 4) and blank spots in the history of I Ikraine his works in Canada. His works, how­ address these problems rationally. He specialists here to learn about this under Soviet domination. ever, had been shown in that country on also stressed that the Ukrainian dias­ literature." No less noteworthy at the conference four previous occasions. pora can affect the progress of giasnost In regard to the late Mr. Stus, Dr. was the presence of artist Fedosiy in Ukraine. Zhulynsky replied, "There is a possi­ Humeniuk who until recently was Ukrainian Institute represented bility that Stus's works will be publish­ considered in the USSR to be a dissident Memorial lecture series ed. I believe this will happen this year." artist and was the subject of vehement The stage was set for the conference He added that he himself had written an attacks in the press. sessions at a $100-a-plate dinner held The York University symposium was article about Stus that should soon be Mr. Humeniuk's paintings were on Saturday evening, January 28, during made possible by a bequest from the late published. display during the conference and for which the keynote address was deliver­ Olga Proc, in accordance with which In addition, he said, the cases of several days thereafter at the Samuel J. ed by Dr. Bohdan Krawchenko, direc­ the university has established the Wo- persons who were unjustly punished are Zacks Gallery at Stong College of York tor of the Canadian Institute of Ukrain­ lodymyr and Olga Proc Memorial now being reviewed, and he cited as an University. The artist also was a speaker ian Studies at the University Alberta. Lecture Series. "Giasnost in Soviet example Heli Snehiriov, who was ac­ at a panel presentation on visual art in Ukraine" marked the inauguration of Dr. Krawchenko (whose address that series. The chairman of the confer­ cepted into the Writers' Union post­ Ukraine. appears in two installments beginning humously. He also expressed his Mr. Humeniuk's attendance at the ence committe was Prof. Jurij Dare­ with this issue of The Weekly), address­ wych. opinion that Mr. Sverstiuk would soon conference had been in doubt up until ed the over-all context of giasnost and Within the framework of the confer­ be accepted into the union as well. several days before its start. His pre­ perestroika in the USSR. He pointed ence, two films by Soviet Ukrainian Other touchy issues covered during sence was made possible through the out that giasnost must succeed if the filmmaker Yuriy Ilyenko were screened: the symposium's final panel presenta­ efforts of Daria Darewych, exhibit USSR is to emerge from economic and "Wellspring for the Thirsty" and "St. tion that featured Mr. Bogayevsky were coordinator and a speaker on the arts social stagnation, and that political John's Eve" ("Kupalo"). A concert bv reform in the USSR is essential for the violinist Oleh Krysa from Ukraine was initials KGB are never mentioned processes of giasnost and perestroika to slated for February 10 at the Jane Giasnost... (except by unofficial groups who have become irreversible. (Continued from page 4) called for the KGBs' abolition). None­ Mallet Theater, St. Lawrence Centre party elections, abolishing many de­ theless, it is undeniable that the In turn, Dr. George Grabowicz of for the Arts. partments of the party which oversee mechanisms of social control have been Harvard University, who will soon take In addition, the conference program and dictate to government institutions, greatly relaxed and that violations of over as director of the Harvard Ukrain­ featured "Millennium," a one-hour reducing the size of the party apparatus, human rights are less frequent. ian Research Institute, delivered the documentary on Christianity in U- etc. The monopoly of power enjoyed by Neither has there been much progress concluding address. He called on the kraine by Halya Kuchmij of the Cana­ the party.was certainly not challenged. in reforming the administration: a Ukrainian community outside of U- dian Broadcasting Corporation. Indeed, Gorbachev denounced the idea monster comprised of some 18 million of a multi-party system as an "abuse of people. True, some of the rules of petty democratization." The fundamental bureaucratism have been abolished, aim of the reforms was really to re-es­ there is less red tape, the size of the BUY U.S. SAVINGS BONDS tablish party control over society. apparatus has been marginally reduced, For the current rate call... I-800-US-BONDS The 20 million strong Communist travel is easier and there has been an Party, it-should be noted, never existed expansion of local and republican as a party in the usual sense of a political autonomy. But the behemoth remains organization. A single-party system is intact. after all a non-party system. Rather, the To appreciate what a formidable foe NOW IN STOCK party leadership is the organizer of that apparatus reaMy is, it has to be THE ENGLISH EDITION OF society and within it are reproduced all ^ experienced. As the -Ukrainian writer the possible factions and interests that Volodymyr Drozd wrote, "We have ENCYCLOPEDIA of UKRAINE one expects to find in an elite. proved beyond a shadow of doubt that k The existence t)f patronage networks everything can be bureaucratized. And Edited by Volodymyr Kubijovyc and of factional and institutional in­ we continue to prove this over and over Managing editor Danylo Husar-Struk terests is a natural tendency of Soviet again in the years of giasnost, when we First and second of a five-voiume work of Ukrainian scholarship in the diaspora proclaim loudly a merciless struggle politics. Under Brezhnev, the party (the last three volumes are scheduled to be released by 1992) leadership was weak and accommo­ against bureaucratism. It may appear dating — and for that reason Brezhnev paradoxical, but the bureaucratization survived as long as he did. Powerful of the very process of the democratiza­ A-F - $119.50 - 968 pp. interest groups and factions were al­ tion of our society is a very real danger. lowed to pursue their own self-interest The power of inertia is terrible... The G-K — $125.00 - 737 pp. unhindered, even when these conflicted bureaucrats live today as they lived includes shipping and handling with the over-all good of society. The yesterday and will live tomorrow thus." Alphabetical/Encyclopedia of Ukraine, based on 25 years of work, completely revised and bacchanalia of corruption and inef­ Tatiana Zaslavskaya has argued that supplemented edition of Encyclopedia Ukrajinoznavstva, richly illustrated with many color ficiency that this produced was dysfunc­ nothing short of a "social revolution" plates, black-and-white photos and maps, first-class index of life and culture of Ukrainians in tional, to say the least. will break the deadening hold of this Ukraine and diaspora. administration on society. Under the old arrangement, where Published by the University of Toronto Press for the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, the party dominated and interfered in STOP TAXING YOURSELF. the Shevchenko Scientific Society and Canadian Foundation of Ukrainian Studies. everything, it in effect controlled and HAVE A PROFESSIONAL PREPARE YOUR TAXES, directed very little. The bureaucracy's STEFAN KACZARAJ, CP.A SVOBODA BOOK STORE corporatist nature was leading to po­ 98 SECOND AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003 (212)353-2607 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 litical disintegration. Thus by with­ OTHER SERVICES: New Jersey residents please add 6% sales tax. drawing from everyday and petty in­ AUDITING, ACCOUNTING, BUSINESS TAXES. tervention in society, Gorbachev hopes AND COMPUTERIZED WRITE-UPS. that the party will be given the where­ withal to concentrate on the su­ We have in stock a new book pervision and the solution of major problems. Gorbachev was not engaging in double-speak when he said that the political reforms aimed at decentra­ lization would strengthen the party. David R. Marples But th# success-of this political streamlining will depend on whether the economy can be made to function more autonomously, and whether the ap­ paratus can be made to unlearn its THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE meddling habits. Political reform is a decisive battle for perestroika; it is necessary in order to make the process CHERNOBYL DISASTER of giasnost and perestroika irreversible, argued Gorbachev, But past experience with the apparatus would suggest that St. Martin Press, New York, 1988, printed andbourid in Great Britain, pages 313. Hard the process is still very much reversible. cover, price $35.00, soft cover $15.00. , ? If one were to look for guarantees of The author presents a detailed examination of the aftermath of the world's worst nuclear glasnost's permanence in the legal accident, using information from a visit to the USSR in 1987. sphere, such a decisive aspect of the superstructure, then one would be disappointed. The reform of the cri- Svoboda Book Store

*miriai code & slo•* -in cc:.< Although 30 Montgomery Street Jersey Cityf NJ. 07302 *ihere~is* imueh44s%msi-oa about-za*- The residents of New Jersey add 6% sales Tax. .<. .; , konnost -^.Jeigaiiiy ~*t itm uomc that the for the good of American Ukraine, sang beautifully... Turning the pages back... In a nicely decorated Ukrainian hall, after the singing by all present of "Tsariu (Continued from page 6) Nebesnyi." the Rev. Poliansky of Pittsburgh spoke, and in his eloquent address and the rights of mankind, at 9 a.m., Ukrainian priests, delegates of Ukrainian explained the goals of the Ukrainian National Association and the benefit that the brotherhoods and patriotic Ukrainians from all regions, gathered at the Ukrainian nation in America would derive from it. Ukrainian church in Shamokin, Pa., to ask the Lord God to help them successfully Next was the election of officers of the Ukrainian National Association which begin their important deed — the founding of the Ukrainian (Ruskyi) National resulted as follows Teodosiy Talpash of Shamokin, Pa., president Mykhailo Association. Yevchak of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., vice-president; the Rev. Ivan Konstankevych of A divine liturgy, which called for the intercession of the Holy Spirit, was Shamokin, Pa., secretary; Ivan Glova of Excelsior, Pa., treasurer. ... celebrated by the Rev. Teofan Obushkevych, a Ukrainian priest from Olyphant; When discussion turned to the reading rooms which each society that belongs to during the liturgy the Shamokin choir directed by Dr. Simenovych, tireless worker the Ukrainian National Association is obligated to establish, the Rev. Toth, with true Ukrainian generosity, pledged to donate, at his cost, 2,000 books for these reading rooms, while the Rev. Hrushka promised to send free copies of Svoboda to SELF RELIANCE (J.C.) FEDERAL CREDIT UNION every Ukrainian reading room in America... Main Office: 558 Summit Avenue, Jersey City, N.J. 07306 The seal of the Ukrainian National Association will be an open book and three- Branch Office: 981% South Broad Street, Trenton, N.J. 08604 barred cross over which are extended two fraternally clasped hands. Around this will appear the name [of the organization] in Ukrainian and English... ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING Now we inform all Ukrainians in America and all Ukrainian brotherhoods that whoever wishes to belong to the association should immediately contact the WILL BE HELD association's secretary, and send money, via a money order, to the treasurer. on February 26, 1989 at 3:00 p.m. Whoever wants to be a member of the association should send money to the at the treasurer — an initiation fee of 50 cents, and monthly dues of 50 cents. ... Ukrainian National Home, 90-96 Fleet Street, Jersey City, N.J. And now, dear brethren, since there is a great number of us, and since the association has already been founded, enroll in it, because this is only for your good ALL MEMBERS ARE CORDIALLY INVITED and your benefit. You, over whom our mother Ukraine cried as lost, should let the BOARD OF DIRECTORS world know that you are alive and that here, in America, Ukrainian national life is alive. An important step has already been taken. The Ukrainian National Association has been established, the Ukrainian nation has arisen from the dead in The Administration of Svoboda is pleased to announce that it is now accepting America... EASTER GREETINGS for 1989 THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION in SVOBODA and THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY ANNOUNCES

What better way to reach your family and friends than by placing an EASTER GREETING in one or both of our newspapers. Prices are as follows: SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS

1 inch by 1 column $ 7.00 FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1989/1990 1 inch by 2 columns 10.00 ^2 inches by 2 columns 20.00 According to the new, June 1988, eligibility requirements the scholarships will be awarded 3 inches by 2 columns 30.00 to FULL-TIME UNDERGRADUATE students attending accredited colleges or universities. 4 inches by 2 columns 40.00 5 inches by 2 columns 50.00 The candidate must be an ACTIVE DUES-PAYING UNA MEMBER for at least TWO YEARS. and so on Applicants will be judged on the basis of: 1. financial need 2. scholastic record Greetings are being accepted through: 3. involvement in Ukrainian community and student life MARCH 15, 1989 (for Easter issue according to the new calendar) Applications must be received by the UNA Main Office not later than APRIL 1, 1989. APRIL 15, 1989 (for Easter issue according to the old calendar) For application form write to: UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. To place your EASTER GREETING, simply send the text along with a check or money order (US dollars) in the appropriate amount to: 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 SVOBODA 30 Montgomery Street • Jersey City, N.J. 07302 WOONSOCKET, R.I. DISTRICT COMMITTEE of the UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ANNOUNCES THAT ANNUAL DISTRICT COMMITTEE MEETING will be held

Saturday, March 11,1989 at 1:00 P.M. at St. Michael Ukrainian Orthodox Church Hall 74 Harris Avenue, WOONSOCKET, R.I. 02895 ARE YOU PLANNING Obligated to attend the annual meeting as votig members are District Committee Officers, Convention Delegates and two delegates from the following Branches: A WEDDING RECEPTION? 73,93,122,177, 206, 241 A FAMILY CIRCLE CELEBRATION? All UNA members are welcome as guests at the meeting. A CLASS REUNION? AGENDA: A MEETING? 1. Opening and acceptance of the Agenda OR A CANDLELIGHT 2. Verification of quorum DINNER? 3. Election of presidium SOYUZIVKA 4. Minutes of preceding annual meeting SOYUZIVKA IS ACCEPTING 5. Reports of District Committee Officers WILL BE OPEN 6. Discussion on reports and their acceptance IN MARCH NOW RESERVATIONS FOR 1990 7. Election of District Committee Officers 8. Adress by UNA Supreme President DR. JOHN 0. FLIS 9. Adoption of District activities program for the current year VARIED MENUS 10. Discussion and Resolutions 11. Adjournment ARE AVAILABLE Meeting will be attended by: Dr. John 0. FliS, UNA Supreme President CO!03ieKA • SOYUZIVKA Alexander Chudolij, UNA Supreme Advisor DISTRICT COMMITTEE: Leon Hardink, Chairman HelenTrinkler, Secretary — Ukrainian • TheodorKlowan,Secretary — English Janet Bardell, Treasurer offered by the same), the statement of the famine of 1933, but also that in its much worse than has generally been Eyewitness accounts...suggest s that we are not only getting scope and in the suffering of its helpless recognized by the Western scholarly (Continued from page 2) closer to a more detailed Soviet account victims, the famine may have been community. home and native village of Stalin's presence: Stalin's portrait on the wall, his name adorning the collective farm, the street, even alleyways. Even at that time, however, declared Mr.Kyrsanov, KOBASNIUK TRAVEL INC. many peasants realized that Stalin 157 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003 could not be compared to Lenin, that is, he had taken his own erroneous route. (212)254-8779 Nevertheless, despite the ritualistic Established 1920 Vera Kou>b*3niukShumeyko, President denunciation of Stalin as the prime culprit of the famine — while steering clear of any suggestion that Ukrainians as an ethnic group may have been victimized as has been posited by some 1989 ESCORTED GROUP TOURS Western scholars — the articles provide one of the starkest and most vivid April 24 $1750.00 Budapest (transit) — Lviv — Budapest pictures of the 1933 famine to date from Lufthansa Single Supplement $250.00 a Soviet sources. HAHILKA 11 Days Several months after these articles appeared, the Ukrainian writer and May 11 $2178.00 Budapest (transit) — Lviv — Ternopil — Budapest physician, Yuriy Shcherbak, was inter­ Swissair Single Supplement $340.00 viewed by a Polish newspaper, Przeglad VESNA 15 Days Tygodniowy, and stated that the num­ ber of famine victims was between 6 May 25 $2500.00 Budapest (transit) — Lviv - Ternopil - Kiev/Kaniv - Lviv million and 8 million persons. Although pi IT A I Lufthansa (transit) — Budapest Dr. Shcherbak does not provide any rcuiM 1 17 Days Single Supplement $390.00 references for these high totals, he has shown himself in previous work to be a relatively cautious writer, not prone to May 30 $2249.00 Budapest — Lviv — Ternopil — Budapest hyperbole or emotional statements. MARICHKA 1 Swissair Single Supplement $360.00 Taken together with the above ac­ 14 Days counts (rather than the conclusions June 5 $1850.00 Budapest — Lviv — Budapest MINI-LVIV 1 Lufthansa Single Supplement $220.00 THEI SHARE I I 11 Days Ukrainian Weekly June 20 $2639.00 Budapest (transit) — Lviv — Kiev/Kaniv — Odessa — Lviv PROMIN Swissair (transit) — Budapest APARTMENT FOR RENT 18 Days Single Supplement $415.00 4 rooms, kitchen, bath, walking distance to Path trains. Asking July 6 $2600.00 Budapest (transit) — Lviv — Ternopil — Kiev/Kaniv — Lviv $500.00 plus 1 month security. (transit) — Budapest RUTA II Lufthansa Please call Maria Poisler 17 Days Single Supplement $390.00 Tel. 420-1762 (Dates subject to change) after 5 p.m. July 14 $3280.00 Budapest — Uzhorod — Lviv — Odessa — Zaporizhia — Kharkiv HOPAK Lufthansa WHY TAX YOURSELF? 24 Days — Poltava — Kiev Let experience work for you Single Supplement $595.00 Michael Zaplitny, EA, CFP August 1 $3500.00 Moscow — Lviv — Odessa — Kiev/Kaniv — Leningrad/ FIRESIDE TAX CONSULTING, INC. ZIRKA Pan Am Petrodvorets — Helsinki 909 Union Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11215 23 Days Single Supplement $380.00 (718) 622-1560 (Dates subject to change) August 15 $2360.00 Budapest — Lviv — Ternopil — Budapest WANTED Lufthansa Single Supplement $360.00 MARICHKA II 16 Days EXPERIENCED PRESSER FOR DRY CLEANING. FULL TIME August 23 $3198.00 Budapest — Lviv — Kiev/Kaniv — Sochi — Leningrad/ OR PART TIME. PLEASE CALL Petrodvorets — London GEORGE, Tel. (201) 798-8585 PANORAMA Pan Am 22 Days Single Supplement $550.00

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We offer personal service & guidance m your Address: home. For a bilingual representative call: Street City State IWAN HURYN Zip Code Area Code ( ) Tel. No P.O. Box 121 Hamptonburgh, N.Y. 10916 Tel.: (914) 427-2684 $50.00 TOUR CREDIT BONUS $50.00 BOHDAN REKSHYNSKYJ 45 East 7th Street This BONUS CREDIT to be returned to KOBASNIUK TRAVEL INC. together with your 1989 Ukraine Tour Registration coupon New York, N.Y. 10003 BEFORE MARCH 3,1989 for per person credit toward your final tour payment. Tel.: (212) 477-6523 Shevchenko "Ukrainian Language," Ukrainian Language... and not "Native Language," Society, as (Continued from page 1) it had been referred to in some Ukrain­ PREVIEW OF EVENTS his rehabilitation and the publication of ian newspapers. Apart from adopting statutes, the meeting also issued an February 23 February 26 his works. A worker from Poltava named Mykola Kulchinsky stressed appeal to Ukrainians both at home and that even at the most difficult times, the abroad. It also called on the Ukrainian CHICAGO: Loyola University will ABINGTON, Pa.: The Ukrainian authorities to designate one day in the sponsor a public lecture as part of its Educational and Cultural Center, the voices of Ukrainian patriots were heard. He named Stus, Valeriy Marchenko year as an official "Ukrainian Language Millennium public lecture series by Prometheus Male Chorus, the Ukrai­ Day." Dr. Yaroslav Isayevych of the Lviv nian Music Society, the Ukrainian and Mykola Rudenko. The delegates are reported to have responded with The poet Dmytro Pavlychko, an branch of the Academy of Sciences Music Institute of Philadelphia, the thunderous applause and shouts of outspoken champion of the Ukrainian of the Ukrainian SSR on "Publishing Ukrainian Professional Society, the "Slava" (Glory to them ). A minute's language, was elected the head of the and Cultural Currents in 15th-17th Ukrainian Selfreliance Federal Cre­ silence was observed for Ukrainian new society. In his speech to the confer­ Century Ukraine" at 6 p.m. in the dit Union, the Ukrainian Savings patriots like Stus and Marchenko who ence, as reported by Radio Kiev, Mr. Manquette Center, Room 30, 820 N. and Loan Association and the Ukrai­ sacrificed their lives in defense of the Pavlychko delivered another of his Rush St. The public is invited. nian Senior Citizens Association Ukrainian language and culture. characteristically forthright speeches. present a concert featuring well- February 24 known violinist Oleh Krysa from Similary, when the Ukrainian literary He stated that what those who had Lviv, Ukraine, at 4 p.m. at the center, critic and former dissident and politi­ united in the new society were seeking is "national justice." This cannot be the CHICAGO: Dr. Yaroslav Isayevych 700 Cedar Road. For more informa­ cal prisoner, Ivan Dzyuba, stepped up preserve of "any one nation or lang­ will speak to the Ukrainian com­ tion call (215) 663-1166. to the podium, he also received tumul­ uage," he stressed. Mr. Pavlychko went munity on "Ukrainian Culture bet­ tuous applause from the delegates. on to affirm that Ukrainian patriots ween East and West" (in Ukrainian) March 5 The recently released former political were against all forms of national at 7 p.m. in the Cultural Center, 2247 prisoner and Ukrainian Helsinki Group exclusiveness and chauvinism. W. Chicago Ave. The public is JENKINTOWN, Pa.: Manor Junior leader Levko Lukianenko was among Significantly, Bohdan Horyn, a pro­ invited. For more information call College will hold a "Careers of the those whose names were put forward minent activist in the most important > Vasyl Markus, (312) 489-1339. 90s" open house and financial aid for election to the society's executive Ukrainian "dissident" organization, the seminar, 1-4 p.m., on the college council. Two other former political Ukrainian Helsinki Union, was elected campus, Fox Chase Road and For­ prisoners are known to have been to the executive council. This organiza­ PHILADELPHIA: The Philadelphia rest Avenue, Both the open house present at the conference: the literary tion, which is led by leading former premiere of six new international and seminar are designed to meet the critic Yevhen Sverstiuk and poet Ihor Ukrainian political prisoners and has a films on tour as "The Cutting Edge needs of high school juniors and Kalynets, who greeted the delegates on platform that is similar to those of the II: A World on Film," including "The seniors, their parents and friends, behalf of the unofficial Ukrainian Baltic popular fronts, is anathema to Eve of Ivan Kupalo,"a film by Soviet and anyone who is interested in Association of Independent Creative Ukrainian filmmaker Yuri Ilyenko the Ukrainian authorities and is fre­ career changes. For more informa­ Intelligentsia (UANTI). quently attacked in the press. (in Ukrainian with English subtitles), tion or to register call the admissions will be shown by the Neighborhood office, (215) 884-2216, or 884-2217, Mr. Kalynets was among the speak­ From the preliminary reports then, it Film/Video Project at International or the continuing education office, ers who referred to the religious aspect can be seen that the inaugural confer­ House, 3701 Chestnut St., through 884-2218. of the national question and who ence of the Ukrainian Language Society February 26. The 71-minute-long reminded the conference that on May was a signification event in Ukrainian film by Mr. Ilyenko will be screened March 11 10 of this year it will be the 70th cultural and public life. It could also at 9 p.m. this evening. For more anniversary of the first divine liturgy in prove to be turning point. Not surpris­ the Ukrainian language, which was information call (215) 895-6542. TORONTO: The Artistic Council of ingly, Ukrainian patriots in Moscow, conducted by the Ukrainian Autoce- the Ukrainian Canadian Committee according to one of their representa­ phalous Orthodox Church in Kiev in tives, reacted with elation to the news of WASHINGTON: Oleh Krysa, Ukrai­ announces the arrival of the theater the Mykolayivskyi Sobor. what had transpired in Kiev and were nian virtuoso violinist from the group "New Generation Players" to One of the sensations at the meeting confident that the conference marked Soviet Union, will give a recital at Toronto for two performances of was the impassioned patriotic speech the beginning of a new phase in the Dumbarton United Methodist Theophan Prokopovych's 18th-cen­ delivered by a Ukrainian Orthodox struggle for the recognition of Ukraine's Church, 3133 Dumbarton Ave. N.W. tury five-act tragicomedy "Volody­ priest, the Rev. Bohdan Mykhailechko, national rights. in Georgetown at 8 p.m. Tickets are myr," at 3 p.m. and at 8 p.m. at St. who has a Russian Orthodox parish in What is important now is how Mr. $25 for patrons, $15 and $10 for Anne's Cultural Institute, 651 Duf- Latvia. He strongly criticized the Shcherbytsky's apparatus reacts to this students and senior citizens. The ferin St. The production is directed Russian Orthodox church for its atti­ direct challenge and what coverage will concert is being sponsored by the by Ihor Ciszkewycz; set design and tude toward the Ukrainian language be provided in the Soviet Ukrainian costumes by Jurij Onukh. The Ukrai­ Ukrainian Association of the and its hostility towards the Ukrainian press. It is already known that the Rev. nian Toronto Chamber Orchestra is Washington metropolitan area and Autocephalous Orthodox and Ukrain­ Mykhailechko has gotten into trouble The Washington Group. For more conducted by Orest Kovaliv. Tickets ian Catholic Churches. He also com­ for his statements. information call the TWG hotline, are $10 per person and are available pared the present Ukrainian party Although the authorities in Kiev still (202) 965-TWG1. at Arka and Arka West. leadership to prodigal sons who had are blocking the formation of a Ukrain­ forsaken their own nation. PREVIEW OF EVENTS, a listing of Ukrainian community events open to ian popular front, the establishment of the public, is a service provided free of charge by The Ukrainian Weekly to the The speakers included representa­ the Ukrainian Language Society pro­ Ukrainian community. To have an event listed in this column, please send tives from the national minorities living vides a new focus for Ukrainian forces information (type of event, date, time, place, admission, sponsor, etc.), — in Ukraine, and Ukrainian communities for national renewal and genuine re­ typed and in the English language — along with the phone number of a person in Moscow, the Baltic republics, East­ structuring. who may be reached during daytime hours for additional information, to: ern Europe and the West. A speech by After the unity and,determination Preview of Events, The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, Chrystia Freeland, a Canadian Ukrain­ demonstrated last weekend by Ukrain­ N.J. 07302. ian,^ who is currently studying at Har­ ian patriots from all walks of life and PLEASE NOTE: Preview items must be received one week before desired vard, was greeted with warm applause. from all parts of Ukraine, it is no longer date of publication. No information will be taken over the phone. Preview In order to avoid any "ambiguity" in certain that the Shcherbytsky "team" items will be published only once (please indicate desired date of publication). its title, the conference decided that the will be able to hold back the pressure for All items are published at the discretion of the editorial staff and in society should be called the Taras change. accordance with available space.

spread of the contamination in Byelo­ bodied were given work. In Gomel non-contaminated food, firewood, and Chornobyl... russia. The roads have contaminated Oblast, outside the zone of radioactive other essentials, according to Pravda. (Continued from page 1) dust, the population uses contaminated pollution, 170 new rural settlements In accordance with a decree by the of radioactivity that floated north, and peat and firewood," he said. with good amenities have been created Soviet Communist Party Central Com­ on to Scandinavia. In an interview published in Izvestia for the evacuees.There are 9,770 apart­ mittee, 243 million rubles from state Because of changes in wind direction with V. Yentukh, deputy chairman of ments in homestead-type houses with centralized capital investments have and intermittent precipitation some of the Byelorussian SSR Council of Mini­ outhouses. We are not building multi­ been allocated for Chornobyl clean-up the contamination was brought back to sters and chairman of the republic story buildings or wresting from the operations this year. earth, as the main cloud drifted west, commission to eliminate the aftermath land people who have suffered a disas­ TASS has reported that 300,000 Soviet authorities reported. This creat­ of the accident at Chornobyl stated: ter- people in Byelorussia must undergo ed certain radioactive "hot spots" in "Let us be frank: the people who have According to Mr. Kovalev, the clean­ "permanent" health checks because of Byelorussia on a patchwork basis. In left their homes and been resettled in up in Byelorussia has cost about 1.4 their exposure to radioactive contami­ some areas, one village's buildings and other places will long remember the billion rubles, and Moscow has estimat­ nation. A spokesperson for a loe^al fields were contaminated while a neigh­ aftermath of the accident. But there was ed that the total bill for Chornobyl has government commission said that des­ boring settlement remained clean. no other wayout.Approximately ZD,UUU run about 4.8 billion rubles. pite living amid the contamination, Granting an interview to Pravda, people were evacuated from 107 popu­ In 1988, Soviet authorities estimated village residents have shown no signs of lation centers. I will point out that the that losses caused by the accident were 8 Mikhail Kovalev, the head of govern­ illness. ment of the Byelorussian Republic evacuation was carried out in several billion rubles. spoke about current conditions: "We stages, as the radiation situation chang­ People who were resettled immedi­ Cancer and other disease rates in the harvest hundreds of thousands of tons ed," he said. ately after the accident, approximately contaminated area are rising, but are of contaminated grain and do not know "The people who moved to a new 103.000, re;eivrr-i additional ,48 rubles below the national average, according what to do with it. place were &t once provided with tem­