Part 1. the Table of Nations

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Part 1. the Table of Nations EN Tech. J., vol. 4, 1990, pp. 67–92 The Early History of Man: Part 1. The Table of Nations BILL COOPER INTRODUCTION creationist scholars who have specialised in their study. Likewise, the descent of, say, the American Indians or the The following is the first of a two-part study regard­ Chinese or other Mongoloid races is not dealt with, simply ing the early post-Flood history of mankind. In Part 1, we because they lie outside the scope of the present work. shall examine what documentary evidence exists that Rather, Part 1 in particular is concerned only with that verifies both the presence and activities of those charac­ documentary evidence from those early post-Flood na­ ters and peoples of whom explicit mention is made in that tions of the Middle East who had direct contact with one portion of Genesis that is known as the Table of Nations. another, and who preserved in written records those We shall find in this part of the study that the documentary names that are explicitly mentioned in the Genesis record. evidence available to us is at an astonishing variance with The notices that accompany each genealogy are thus very the claims that are currently being put forward by the brief collections of recorded historical facts and subse­ modernist school of historical and biblical interpretation. quent information that pertain to the names under which According to this school of thought, the Genesis record is they appear, and which have been gleaned over many without historical foundation; whereas we shall see in this years from a wide variety of sources. What is remarkable study that exactly the opposite is true. This portion of about these notices is that they mostly come from ancient Genesis in particular is fully corroborated by an over­ historians and writers of various nationalities who had not whelming richness of documentary (and other) historical the least intention, either conscious or otherwise, of lend­ evidence so vast that it is unique in recorded history! No ing support to the Genesis record. Indeed, most of them other document enjoys such a wealth of detailed corrobo­ were nurtured within pagan systems that were openly an­ ration from such a wide-ranging variety of sources — tagonistic to the knowledge of the One True God, and who sources, moreover, that were often hostile to the concept had laboured over many centuries to darken, if not totally of God and His direct revelation to mankind through His erase that knowledge altogether! Their testimony is written Word. therefore all the more valuable to us. In Part 2, we shall go on to examine the genealogies I certainly would not pretend that the information and king-lists of the early Celts and Saxons that show con­ gathered here is complete in any sense! The subject is too clusively that these pagan, pre-Christian peoples were all vast for that. Indeed, it may be that some will consider one too aware of their historic and ethnic descent from Noah or two of the facts presented in this study to be insuffi­ through Japheth’s line. These peoples, through carefully ciently discussed, and will therefore feel that these should preserved records, could trace their lineage and race back be given a more adequate and exhaustive treatment. to the time of Babel and the dispersal of the nations from Should that be the case, then the fruits of their researches the Plain of Shinar. Again, we shall see how these ancient will be warmly welcomed! My intention, after all, is and unique records are dismissed by the modernist school merely to present to the serious researcher a definite his­ with a readiness that is astonishing in its unthinking torical framework that can be built upon and added to as disregard for the historical method. Rather, the records more information comes to light; that, and to vindicate a that have come down to us will be seen to lend their weight record that has been supposed for too long to be nothing to the already vast body of documentary evidence that can more than a ‘pious fiction’. only convince us that the Genesis record is a true and faithful historical account of the early history of mankind. THE BIRTH OF PAGANISM Certain questions will not be dealt with in this two- part study, for the simple reason that their subject-matter Perhaps the most outstandingly inaccurate claim is vast and that they constitute specialist study and expo­ made today by modernist and liberal scholars, is that the sition. In particular, linguistic inter-relationships and book of Genesis grew out of the pagan mythologies of diversities are only lightly touched upon, because these nations like Babylon. It is indeed a much vaunted claim, will doubtless be the subject of future exposition by but one that flies in the face of all the evidence. We shall see, as our study progresses, that as each nation was Eden was known to the Babylonians as Idinu, and was dispersed from Babel, so they carried with them the names said to have been the paradise in which the ‘immortal’ of their founders, and wove around those names a fanciful ones lived. Moreover, the very name of Babylon itself, mythology that led them further and further away from Bab-ilu, meant literally ‘The Gate of God’, standing as it both the true knowledge of God, and a true understanding did between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers — the very of their own beginnings. As time passed, so the ancestor location of Eden as described in the book of Genesis. The worship to which these early peoples were so prone, original Tigris, Euphrates and Eden were, of course, de­ became more gross and degenerate until we are left with stroyed beyond all recognition by the Flood of Noah; and such hideous polytheistic systems as the Babylonian, yet the Babylonians were to preserve both the knowledge Assyrian and Egyptian. Yet, in spite of the parody of and names of them even within their own otherwise per­ religion that we see in the early and modern pagan sys­ verse philosophy. tems, it is still possible to trace the memory, albeit dis­ Likewise, Tubal-cain2 was remembered and wor­ torted, of a great many subjects that Genesis records so shipped by the Babylonians as Bil-kan, the god of metal- accurately.1 working, which name was later further corrupted to Vul­ This is especially true of the Babylonian system. As can, the Roman god of fire. And so it goes on. However, well as such distorted memories as they possessed of the the foundation of paganism was itself a direct and calcu­ Flood, and the dispersal of the nations from Babel, they lated attempt to obscure and pervert the true knowledge of also carried with them distinct memories of Adam, Eve God among the early nations, and its success is all too and the Fall. Indeed, as can be seen in the illustration of evident even today. These pagan gods were adored Figure 1, they were still able to portray Adam, Eve, the merely for the licence that they gave to the practice of Serpent and the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil perversions and abominations that it would be tedious to with remarkable accuracy many hundreds of years after describe, and as we ponder these things we surely cannot supposedly losing the knowledge of God altogether! Eve fail to see the absurdity behind the latest notion to emerge was known to them as Nini-ti, ‘The Lady of the Rib’, from the modernist school, namely that all religions lead which name can also mean in their tongue ‘The Lady who to God! Whoever is responsible for such a nonsensical causes to live’, which is the very epithet that Genesis itself idea can know neither the God of Whom they speak, nor records of Eve as the ‘mother of all living’ (see Figure 1). the true and evil nature of pagan worship: Figure 1. Based on a very early Babylonian cylinder seal, this illustration demonstrates the undoubted knowledge among the early Babylonians of Adam, Eve, the Serpent and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Note how the Serpent stands behind Eve whilst she invites Adam to eat the fruit with her. In all, this seal is an astoundingly accurate picture-book’ account of the Fall. Figure 2. An early Babylonian cylinder seal depicting the migration of an eastern tribe or people. ‘. and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth’. Genesis 11:9 ‘As a patroness of war (the goddess) Anath appears in same thing applies when we read the history that is a fragment of the Baal Epic in an incredibly bloody contained in the book of Genesis. We accept that history orgy of destruction. For some unknown reason she because, in the face of so many disinterested witnesses fiendishly butchers mankind, young and old, in a most and corroborative statements, that is simply the reason­ horrible and whole sale fashion, wading delightedly in able thing to do. To discard such a vast weight of human gore up to her knees — yea, up to her throat, independent testimony would be most unreasonable, and all the while exulting sadistically. “Like gods, like would itself be an act of almost incredible faith in the priest; like priest like people” expresses a law that approach and highly questionable logic of modernistic operates unfailingly.’3 philosophy. It is through the sheer reasonableness, then, It is thus fallacious for the modernist school to suggest of accepting the overwhelming testimony of so many wit­ that either these ‘gods’ or their worshippers bear the nesses that we come to accept the Genesis record as a truly faintest resemblance to those who are one day to inherit historical and factual account; and if this leads us on to the Kingdom of God.
Recommended publications
  • Cutting-Edge Technology and Know-How of Minoans/Mycenaeans During Lba and Possible Implications for the Dating of the Trojan War
    TAL 46-47 -pag 51-80 (-03 GIANNIKOS):inloop document Talanta 05-06-2016 14:31 Pagina 51 TALANTA XLVI-XLVII (2014-2015), 51 - 79 CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY AND KNOW-HOW OF MINOANS/MYCENAEANS DURING LBA AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DATING OF THE TROJAN WAR Konstantinos Giannakos In the present paper, the material evidence, in LBA, both for the technological level of Minoan/Mycenaean Greece, mainland-islands-Crete, and the image emerging from the archaeological finds of the wider area of Asia Minor, Land of Ḫatti, Cyprus, and Egypt, are combined in order to draw conclusions regard- ing international relations and exchanges. This period of on the one hand pros- perity with conspicuous consumption and military expansion, on the other hand as well of decline and degradation of power are considered in relation with the ability of performing overseas raids of Mycenaean Greeks. The finds of the destructions’ layers in Troy VI/VIIa are examined in order to verify whether one of these layers is compatible to the Trojan War, while an earlier dating is pro- posed. The results are compared with the narrative of ancient literature in order to trace compatibilities or inconsistencies to the archaeological finds. Introduction Technology and its ‘products’, when unearthed by archaeologists, are irrefutable witnesses to the technological level of each era and place. Especially the cut- ting-edge technology and, more in general, an advanced know-how are, in my opinion, of decisive importance, since “Great Powers” use them in order to increase wealth and military superiority. The evaluation of archaeological finds, cutting-edge technology, and advanced know-how of each era could result in conclusions regarding the nature of international trade and relation- ships, and can also be brought in connection with evidence from ancient litera- ture.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic Study About the Origins of the Aegean Scripts
    Anistoriton Journal, vol. 15 (2016-2017) Essays 1 Cretan Hieroglyphics The Ornamental and Ritual Version of the Cretan Protolinear Script The Cretan Hieroglyphic script is conventionally classified as one of the five Aegean scripts, along with Linear-A, Linear-B and the two Cypriot Syllabaries, namely the Cypro-Minoan and the Cypriot Greek Syllabary, the latter ones being regarded as such because of their pictographic and phonetic similarities to the former ones. Cretan Hieroglyphics are encountered in the Aegean Sea area during the 2nd millennium BC. Their relationship to Linear-A is still in dispute, while the conveyed language (or languages) is still considered unknown. The authors argue herein that the Cretan Hieroglyphic script is simply a decorative version of Linear-A (or, more precisely, of the lost Cretan Protolinear script that is the ancestor of all the Aegean scripts) which was used mainly by the seal-makers or for ritual usage. The conveyed language must be a conservative form of Sumerian, as Cretan Hieroglyphic is strictly associated with the original and mainstream Minoan culture and religion – in contrast to Linear-A which was used for several other languages – while the phonetic values of signs have the same Sumerian origin as in Cretan Protolinear. Introduction The three syllabaries that were used in the Aegean area during the 2nd millennium BC were the Cretan Hieroglyphics, Linear-A and Linear-B. The latter conveys Mycenaean Greek, which is the oldest known written form of Greek, encountered after the 15th century BC. Linear-A is still regarded as a direct descendant of the Cretan Hieroglyphics, conveying the unknown language or languages of the Minoans (Davis 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Philistines in the Hebrew Bible*
    Teresianum 48 (1997/1) 373-385 THE ROLE OF THE PHILISTINES IN THE HEBREW BIBLE* GEORGE J. GATGOUNIS II Although hope for discovery is high among some archeolo- gists,1 Philistine sources for their history, law, and politics are not yet extant.2 Currently, the fullest single source for study of the Philistines is the Hebrew Bible.3 The composition, transmis­ sion, and historical point of view of the biblical record, however, are outside the parameters of this study. The focus of this study is not how or why the Hebrews chronicled the Philistines the way they did, but what they wrote about the Philistines. This study is a capsule of the biblical record. Historical and archeo­ logical allusions are, however, interspersed to inform the bibli­ cal record. According to the Hebrew Bible, the Philistines mi­ * Table of Abbreviations: Ancient Near Eastern Text: ANET; Biblical Archeologist: BA; Biblical Ar- cheologist Review: BAR; Cambridge Ancient History: CAH; Eretz-Israel: E-I; Encyclopedia Britannica: EB; Journal of Egyptian Archeology: JEA; Journal of Near Eastern Studies: JNES; Journal of the Study of the Old Testament: JSOT; Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement: PEFQSt; Vetus Testamentum: VT; Westminster Theological Journal: WTS. 1 Cf. Law rence S tager, “When the Canaanites and Philistines Ruled Ashkelon,” BAR (Mar.-April 1991),17:36. Stager is hopeful: When we do discover Philistine texts at Ashkelon or elsewhere in Philistia... those texts will be in Mycenaean Greek (that is, in Linear B or same related script). At that moment, we will be able to recover another lost civilization for world history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hittites
    THE ANCIENT EAST ~ No. VI THE HITTITES BY DR. L. MESSERSCHMIDT The Ancient East Under this title is being issued a series of short, popular but thoroughly scientific studies, by the leading scholars of Germany, setting forth the recent discoveries and investiga­ tions in Babylonian, Assyrian and Egyptian History, Religion, and A rchceology, especially as they bear upon the traditional views of early Eastern Histc,ry. The German originals have been appearing d1.ring the last eighteen months. The English translations made by Miss Jane Hutchison have been submitted in each case to the Authors, and embody their latest views. Short, helpful bibliographies are added. Each shtdy consists of some 64 to 80 pages, crown 8vo, and cJsts Is. sewed, or Is. 6d. cloth The following are issued: THE REALMS OF THE EGYPTIAN DEAD. By Pro- fes,or ALFRED "WIEDEMANN. THE TELL EL AMARNA PERIOD. By Dr. C. NIEBUHR. THE BABYLONIAN AND THE HEBREW GENESIS. By Professor H. ZIMMERN. THE BABYLONIAN CONCEPTION OF HEAVEN AND HELL. By Dr. ALFRED }EREMIAS. POPULAR LITERATURE IN ANCIENT EGYPT. By l'roft'ssor ALFRED WIEDEMANN. THE HITTITES. By Dr. L. MESSKRSCHMIDT. THE HITTITES BY DR. L. MESSERSCHMIDT TRANSLATED BY]. HUTCHISON WITH NINE ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON: DAVID NUTT 57-59 LONG ACRE 1903 CONTENTS P.AGF. I. HITTITE HISTORY 1. Scantiness of Sources of Information . 9 z. Scope of the Name "Hittite" <) 3. The Different Branches of the Hittite Stock 10 4. The Kheta or Khatti 1 r 5. The Mitani . 12 6. The so-called "Hittite" Treaty 14 7. The Hittite Kingdom of Karkhemish 19 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early History of Syria and Palestine
    THE GIFT OF MAY TREAT MORRISON IN MEMORY OF ALEXANDER F MORRISON Gbe Semitic Series THE EARLY HISTORY OF SYRIA AND PALESTINE By LEWIS BAYLES PATON : SERIES OF HAND-BOOKS IN SEM1T1CS EDITED BY JAMES ALEXANDER CRAIG PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES AND HELLENISTIC GREEK, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Recent scientific research has stimulated an increasing interest in Semitic studies among scholars, students, and the serious read- ing public generally. It has provided us with a picture of a hitherto unknown civilization, and a history of one of the great branches of the human family. The object of the present Series is to state its results in popu- larly scientific form. Each work is complete in itself, and the Series, taken as a whole, neglects no phase of the general subject. Each contributor is a specialist in the subject assigned him, and has been chosen from the body of eminent Semitic scholars both in Europe and in this country. The Series will be composed of the following volumes I. Hebrews. History and Government. By Professor J. F. McCurdy, University of Toronto, Canada. II. Hebrews. Ethics arid Religion. By Professor Archibald Duff, Airedale College, Bradford, England. [/« Press. III. Hebrews. The Social Lije. By the Rev. Edward Day, Springfield, Mass. [No7i> Ready. IV. Babylonians and Assyrians, with introductory chapter on the Sumerians. History to the Fall of Babylon. V. Babylonians and Assyrians. Religion. By Professor J. A. Craig, University of Michigan. VI. Babylonians and Assyrians. Life and Customs. By Professor A. H. Sayce, University of Oxford, England. \Noiv Ready. VII. Babylonians and Assyrians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Philistines Were Among the Sea Peoples, Probably of Aegean Origin, Who First Appeared in the E Mediterranean at the End of the 13Th Century B.C
    The Philistines were among the Sea Peoples, probably of Aegean origin, who first appeared in the E Mediterranean at the end of the 13th century B.C. These peoples were displaced from their original homelands as part of the extensive population movements characteristic of the end of the LB Age. During this period, the Egyptians and the Hittites ruled in the Levant, but both powers were in a general state of decline. The Sea Peoples exploited this power vacuum by invading areas previously subject to Egyptian and Hittite control, launching land and sea attacks on Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, to which various Egyptian sources attest. The various translations of the name Philistine in the different versions of the Bible reveal that even in early times translators and exegetes were unsure of their identity. In the LXX, for example, the name is usually translated as allopsyloi ("strangers"), but it occurs also as phylistieim in the Pentateuch and Joshua. In the Hebrew Bible, the Philistines are called Pelishtim, a term defining them as the inhabitants ofPeleshet, i.e., the coastal plain of S Palestine. Assyrian sources call them both Pilisti and Palastu. The Philistines appear as prst in Egyptian sources. Encountering the descendants of the Philistines on the coast of S Palestine, the historian Herodotus, along with sailors and travelers from the Persian period onward called them palastinoi and their countrypalastium. The use of these names in the works of Josephus, where they are common translations forPhilistines and Philistia and, in some cases, for the entire land of Palestine, indicates the extent to which the names had gained acceptance by Roman times.
    [Show full text]
  • Mortem Et Gloriam Army Lists Use the Army Lists to Create Your Own Customised Armies Using the Mortem Et Gloriam Army Builder
    Army Lists Assyria and Babylon Contents Syro-Hittite 1100 to 901 BCE Phrygian 850 to 676 BCE Philistine 1100 to 732 BCE Early Iranian 836 to 550 BCE Dark Age Greek 1100 to 671 BCE Later Hebrew 800 to 586 BCE Hebrew 1000 to 801 BCE Cimmerian 750 to 630 BCE Phoenician 1000 to 332 BCE Urartian 746 to 585 BCE Early Arab 1000 to 301 BCE Neo-Assyrian Empire 745 to 681 BCE Mannaian 950 to 610 BCE Kushite Egyptian 732 to 656 BCE Libyan Egyptian 945 to 720 BCE Lydian 687 to 540 BCE Later Syro-Hittite 900 to 700 BCE Later Sargonid Assyrian v02 680 to 609 BCE Chaldean Babylonian 900 to 627 BCE Saitic Egyptian 664 to 525 BCE Later Vedic Indian 900 to 530 BCE Assyrian Babylonian v02 652 to 648 BCE Later Elamite 890 to 539 BCE Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 to 539 BCE Early Neo-Assyrian Empire 883 to 745 BCE Median Empire 620 to 550 BCE Early Urartian 860 to 747 BCE Version 2020.02: 1st January 2020 © Simon Hall Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists Use the army lists to create your own customised armies using the Mortem et Gloriam Army Builder. There are few general rules to follow: 1. An army must have at least 2 generals and can have no more than 4. 2. You must take at least the minimum of any troops noted and may not go beyond the maximum of any. 3. No army may have more than two generals who are Talented or better.
    [Show full text]
  • Nimrud. an Assyrian Imperial City Revealed. Oxbow Books, Oxford
    9840_BIOR_2007/1-2_01 27-04-2007 09:05 Pagina 110 215 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXIV N° 1-2, januari-april 2007 216 Meuszynski und Paolo Fiorina, sowie die zahlreichen iraki- schen Kampagnen unter verschiedenen Ausgräbern geschil- dert. Im ersten Kapitel “The Land of Assyria — Setting the scene” wird sehr kurz die Geographie und die historische Entwicklung Assyriens bis ins 9. Jh. v. Chr. behandelt, bevor dann ausführlich die Periode der neuassyrischen Geschichte besprochen wird, in die Nimruds Glanzzeit fällt — also von AssurnaÒirpal II. bis zum Ende des assyrischen Reiches — und deren Hinterlassenschaften den Rahmen des Buches bil- den. Ein Überblick über die Anlage der Stadt und eine Besprechung der Stadtmauern, die in keinem der anderen Kapitel Platz fand, runden diesen Überblick ab. Das zweite Kapitel ist den Palästen auf der Akropolis gewidmet, wobei naturgemäß der Nord-West-Palast mit sei- ner Reliefausstattung2) den größten Raum einnimmt. Schon hier zeigt sich, daß es den Verfassern überzeugend gelingt, die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Grabungen zu kombinie- ren und dennoch dabei die Verdienste der einzelnen Ausgrä- ber deutlich zu machen. Besonders ist zu würdigen, daß es den Verfassern gelang, die Ergebnisse der irakischen Gra- bungen seit 1988 im Bereich des Wohnflügels (bitanu) des Nord-West-Palastes zu berücksichtigen. Dies führt einerseits zu dem gegenüber den bisherigen Publikation (M.E.L. Mal- lowan, Nimrud and its Remains I, Tafel III) verbesserten Plan des Nord-West-Palastes durch Muzahim M. Hussein (S. 60, Abb. 33) und andererseits zu einer ausführlichen Darstellung der im Nord-West-Palast gefundenen Gräber assyrischer Königinnen aus dem 9. und 8. Jh. v.
    [Show full text]
  • The Philistines and the "Sea Peoples" Not the Same Entity
    THE PHILISTINES AND THE "SEA PEOPLES" NOT THE SAME ENTITY We have already indicated the opinion of Rowley and others1 who believe that the mention of the Philistines in the Bible proves the Exodus occurred after the Philistines settled in the land. Since it is generally considered that they settled about the period of Raamses III,2 we are accordingly obliged to date the Exodus about 1100 B. C. This dating condenses the whole period of the wandering in the desert, the conquest of Canaan the period of the judges as well as Saul's reign into a time–lapse of about 50–80 years3. Such an estimate is in complete contradiction with the biblical narrative. Some scholars try to settle this difficulty by stating that the Philistines settled in the land several generations after the Israelite conquest,4 and their mention in the patriarchal period is anachronistic. Those scholars who so vehemently reject the possibility of anachronism when dealing with Raamses, are prepared without hesitation to accept such a possibility with the name "Philistines". The view which holds that the Philistines Settlement occurred at a late historical period is based on various factors. The Bible calls "Caphtor' the original Philistine homeland, and regards them as being of Egyptian descent: "And Mizrayim (=Egypt) begot Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehavim and Naftuhim, and Patrusim and Kasluhim (out of whom came Pelishtim) and Kaftorim"(Gen. 10: 13–14). Elsewhere Caphtor is mentioned as "Iy – is understood to signify "אי – Jer. 47: 4). The word "Iy אי כפתור) "Caphtor 1 Petrie, Palestine and Israel, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Assembling the Iron Age Levant: the Archaeology of Communities, Polities, and Imperial Peripheries
    J Archaeol Res (2016) 24:373–420 DOI 10.1007/s10814-016-9093-8 Assembling the Iron Age Levant: The Archaeology of Communities, Polities, and Imperial Peripheries Benjamin W. Porter1 Published online: 5 March 2016 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 Abstract Archaeological research on the Iron Age (1200–500 BC) Levant, a narrow strip of land bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Desert, has been balkanized into smaller culture historical zones structured by modern national borders and disciplinary schools. One consequence of this division has been an inability to articulate broader research themes that span the wider region. This article reviews scholarly debates over the past two decades and identifies shared research interests in issues such as ethnogenesis, the development of territorial polities, economic intensification, and divergent responses to imperial interventions. The broader contributions that Iron Age Levantine archaeology offers global archaeological inquiry become apparent when the evidence from different corners of the region is assembled. Keywords Empire · Ethnicity · Middle East · State Introduction The Levantine Iron Age (c. 1200–500 BC) was a transformative historical period that began with the decline of Bronze Age societies throughout the Eastern Mediterranean and concluded with the collapse of Babylonian imperial rule at the end of the sixth century BC. Sandwiched between Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean Sea on the east and west, and Anatolia and Egypt on the north and south (Figs. 1 and 2), respectively, a patchwork of Levantine societies gradually established political polities, only to see them dismantled and reshaped in the wake & Benjamin W. Porter [email protected] 1 Phoebe A.
    [Show full text]
  • CAPHTOR-CAPPADOCIA by G. A. WAINWRIGHT Bournemouth Today the Standard Belief Is That Caphtor Was Crete, Though Biblical Scholars
    CAPHTOR-CAPPADOCIA BY G. A. WAINWRIGHT Bournemouth Today the standard belief is that Caphtor was Crete, though Biblical scholars have always noted the difficulties. In fact that island is only one of many places which have been proposed as the site. Thus, Cyprus, Phoenicia and the Phoenician colonies, and even the island of Karpathos have also been suggested, and quite recently though "with the utmost reserve" the island of Kythera 1), while of course Cappadocia, unreasonable as it has seemed hitherto, had to be in- cluded in the list. In this article much evidence is brought forward to show that Cappadocia, or more accurately a part of Greater Cappa- docia, was indeed Caphtor 2). Of all the various countries suggested Crete has received the main support, because it was accepted that Caphtor was described as an "island" in the O.T., and Crete is a large one. Since the early years of this century the belief in Crete has been further strengthened by Sir Arthur EVANS' discovery that it was also the home of a splendid civilization. There was a country known to the Egyptians as Keftiu, or as it may have been pronounced Kefto, and this is evidently the same name as the contemporary cuneiform Kaptara, and the much later Hebrew Caphtor, though the absence of the final r has never been explained. Hence, based on the above-mentioned firm belief, there has grown up a strongly held view that Keftiu was also Crete. This idea was 1) WEIDNERin J. H. S., LIX (1939), p. 138. 2) I approached this question in an article entitled "Caphtor, Keftiu and Cappa- docia" published in 1931, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Armies of the Ancient Near E
    Armies of the Ancient Near East 3,000 BC to 539 BC Organisation, tactics, dress and equipment. 210 illustrations and 9 maps. by Nigel StiUman and Nigel Tallis Egyptian Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, S,itc, libyan, Nubian, KU 5hiu~. Sumerian, Akkadian, Eblaitc. Amoritc, HammUl1lpic lhhylonian, Old Assyrian, Human, MilaMian, K.ssitc, Middle: Assyrian, Neo Assyrian, Neo Babylonia n, Chaldun, GUlian, Mannatan, Iranian, Cimmerian, Hyluos. Canaanite, Syrian, Ugaritic, Hebrew, Philistine, Midianitc Arab, Cypriot, Phoenician, Hanian. Hillile, Anatolian, Sea Peoples, Neo Hinile, Aramaun, Phrygian. Lydian. Uranian, Elamilc, Minoan. Mycenaean, Harappan. A WARGAMES RESEARCH GROUP PUBLICATION INTRODUCTION This book. chronologically the finl in the W.R.G. series, attempts the diflkulltaP: ofducribingl he military organisa­ tion and equipment of the many civilisations ohhe ancienl Near East over a period of 2,500 years. It is du.slening to note tbatthis span oftime is equivalent to half of all recorded history and that a single companion volume, should anyone wish to attempt it, wou.ld have to encompass the period 539 BC to 1922 AD! We hope that our researches will rcOca the: .... St amount of archacologiaJ, pictorial and tarual evidence ..... hich has survived and been rW)vered from this region. It is a matter of some rcp-ct that tbe results of much of the research accumulated in this century has tended to be disperKd among a variety of sometimes obscure publications. Consequently, it is seldom that this mJterial is aplo!ted to its full potcoti.al IS a source for military history. We have attempted 10 be as comptcbensive IS possible and to make UK of the lcuer known sourcCI and the most recent ruearm.
    [Show full text]