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Nimrud. an Assyrian Imperial City Revealed. Oxbow Books, Oxford

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Nimrud. an Assyrian Imperial City Revealed. Oxbow Books, Oxford 9840_BIOR_2007/1-2_01 27-04-2007 09:05 Pagina 110 215 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXIV N° 1-2, januari-april 2007 216 Meuszynski und Paolo Fiorina, sowie die zahlreichen iraki- schen Kampagnen unter verschiedenen Ausgräbern geschil- dert. Im ersten Kapitel “The Land of Assyria — Setting the scene” wird sehr kurz die Geographie und die historische Entwicklung Assyriens bis ins 9. Jh. v. Chr. behandelt, bevor dann ausführlich die Periode der neuassyrischen Geschichte besprochen wird, in die Nimruds Glanzzeit fällt — also von AssurnaÒirpal II. bis zum Ende des assyrischen Reiches — und deren Hinterlassenschaften den Rahmen des Buches bil- den. Ein Überblick über die Anlage der Stadt und eine Besprechung der Stadtmauern, die in keinem der anderen Kapitel Platz fand, runden diesen Überblick ab. Das zweite Kapitel ist den Palästen auf der Akropolis gewidmet, wobei naturgemäß der Nord-West-Palast mit sei- ner Reliefausstattung2) den größten Raum einnimmt. Schon hier zeigt sich, daß es den Verfassern überzeugend gelingt, die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Grabungen zu kombinie- ren und dennoch dabei die Verdienste der einzelnen Ausgrä- ber deutlich zu machen. Besonders ist zu würdigen, daß es den Verfassern gelang, die Ergebnisse der irakischen Gra- bungen seit 1988 im Bereich des Wohnflügels (bitanu) des Nord-West-Palastes zu berücksichtigen. Dies führt einerseits zu dem gegenüber den bisherigen Publikation (M.E.L. Mal- lowan, Nimrud and its Remains I, Tafel III) verbesserten Plan des Nord-West-Palastes durch Muzahim M. Hussein (S. 60, Abb. 33) und andererseits zu einer ausführlichen Darstellung der im Nord-West-Palast gefundenen Gräber assyrischer Königinnen aus dem 9. und 8. Jh. v. Chr., deren überaus rei- cher Goldschmuck den Glanz des assyrischen Reiches leb- haft widerspiegelt. Die neuen Pläne und isometrische Ansich- ten der Grüfte aus der Hand Muzahim M. Husseins (Abb. 45, 47 und 49) sind auch deshalb höchst bedeutsam, weil die wichtige Publikation von Muzahim M. Hussein und Amer Suleiman, Nimrud. A city of Golden Treasures, Baghdad 2000 durch die Tragödie des dritten Golfkrieges nicht die Verbreitung gefunden hat, die sie verdient. Das dritte Kapitel, “Tombs, Wells and Riches” über- schrieben, umfaßt jedoch nicht nur die ausführliche Darstel- lung der reichen Funde in den Königinnengräbern, sondern auch die zahlreichen Elfenbeinfunde,3) die aus den Brunnen des Nord-West-Palastes geborgen werden konnten, darunter die sog. ‘Mona Lisa' (S. 91f.) oder die hölzerne Schreibtafel ARCHEOLOGIE aus der Regierungszeit des Sargon II., auf die der Text der astrologischen Serie Enuma Anu Enlil geschrieben war (S. 99 und Abb. 62). OATES, J., D. OATES. — Nimrud. An Assyrian Imperial Im vierten Kapitel “Temples, Minor Palaces and Private City Revealed. Oxbow Books, Oxford 2001. (22 cm, X, Houses” werden die Tempel und Privathäuser sowie die 309). ISBN 0-9034-7225-2. £ 19,95. Paläste, von denen nur wenige Räume ergraben wurden, Joan und David1) Oates gehören zu den besten Kennern besprochen. Die Ziqqurrat und die sie umgebenden Tempel des nördlichen Irak und die archäologische Erforschung von Ninurta, Sarrat-nipÌi und Istar-Kidmuri sind nach dem Assyriens während der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jh. ist untrenn- Erscheinen des vorliegenden Buches von Julian Reade in bar mit ihren Namen verbunden. Da ist es besonders will- Iraq 64 (2002) 135-216 ausführlich besprochen worden, kommen, daß die beiden Autoren eine umfassende Schilde- wobei Reade auch einen neuen Plan dieses Gebietes nörd- rung der Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Grabungen in Nimrud, lich des Nord-West-Palastes erstellt. Neben der ausführli- dem antiken KalÌu, vorlegen, die durch viele Fotos, darun- chen Würdigung von interessanten Funden wie der Inschrift ter auch zwölf Tafeln mit Farbfotos, illustriert wird. In der Einführung wird die Geschichte der Wiederent- 2) Siehe hierzu die neue Aufarbeitung der AssurnaÒirpal-Reliefs von deckung und der Ausgrabung Nimruds von Claudius Rich, Klaudia Englund, Nimrud und seine Funde. Der Weg der Reliefs in die über Austen Henry Layard und Max Mallowan, bis zu Janusz Museen und Sammlungen, Orient-Archäologie Bd. 12, Rahden/Westf. 2003. 3) Zu den Elfenbeinfunden aus Nimrud siehe auch die neue photogra- phische Zusammenstellung von G. Herrmann et al., The Published Ivories 1) David Oates ist leider am 22. März 2004 verstorben (siehe den Nach- from Fort Shalmaneser, Nimurd — a scanned archive of photographs, Bri- ruf in Iraq 66 [2004] V-VII). tish School of Archarlogy in Iraq, London 2004. 9840_BIOR_2007/1-2_01 27-04-2007 09:05 Pagina 111 217 BOEKBESPREKINGEN — ARCHEOLOGIE 218 des Bel-tarÒi-iluma (“Wer immer auch nach mir da ist, ver- Das Buch wird von einer umfassenden Bibliographie und traue auf Nabû. Auf einen anderen Gott vertraue nicht”, S. einem sehr guten Index abgeschlossen. 113f.), Abschriften der Vasallenverträge von Asarhaddon (S. Dieses vom Verlag hervorragend gestaltete Buch5) steht in 119) oder eines mittelbronze-zeitlichen Grabes aus dem 18. der englischen, von Austen Henry Layard begründeten Tra- Jh. v. Chr. unterhalb des Gouverneurs-Palastes wird auch eine dition der gut lesbaren Grabungsberichte, die die schier un- neue, von Woolleys Rekonstruktion abweichende Aufteilung überblickbare Zahl von Funden und Befunden auf das Wesent- der Häusern an der Stadtmauer (S. 137) vorgeschlagen. liche komprimieren. Die einzelnen Räume der ausgegrabenen Dem Arsenal von KalÌu, “Fort Shalmaneser” nach seinem Gebäude werden mit ihrem Fundinventar und die Funde in Begründer Salmanassar III. benannt, ist das umfangreiche ihrer archäologischen Fundsituation kompetent besprochen, fünfte Kapitel gewidmet. Wie auch in den vorhergehenden gleich ob es sich um schriftliche oder nicht-schriftliche Hin- Kapiteln wird jeder Raum nicht nur im architektonischen terlassenschaft handelt. Persönliche Erinnerungen der Auto- Zusammenhang besprochen, sondern auch unter Berücksich- ren, etwa über die Gefahren des Brunnenausgrabens (S. 99f.) tigung des angetroffenen Inventars eingehend diskutiert. oder die Bergung des Thronpodestes Salmanassars III. (S. Die schriftlichen Hinterlassenschaften Nimruds werden im 178f.), lockern regelmäßig die Kapitel auf und vermeiden sechsten Kapitel ausführlich besprochen. Wenn auch viele damit eine monotone Beschreibung der Gebäude und ihrer wichtige Texte bereits in den vorhergehenden Kapiteln im Funde. Den Autoren gebührt für ihre präzise und dennoch Zusammenhang mit dem Rauminventar behandelt wurden, unterhaltsame Darbietung unser Dank, verbunden mit dem werden hier nochmals die Texte nach ihren Fundorten Wunsch, daß auch andere Grabungen eine entsprechende les- getrennt in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses gestellt. Da bei den bare Aufarbeitung erfahren mögen. Grabungen des 19. Jh. ungebrannte Tontafeln kaum erhalten blieben und deshalb nur wenige gebrannte Tafeln aus Nim- Heidelberg, im September 2005 N.P. HEEßEL rud ins Britische Museum, London gelangten, konzentrieren sich die Autoren auf die bei den Grabungen seit 1949 gefun- ** denen Texte (S. 197)4), wie die Briefe aus dem Staatsarchiv * im Nord-West-Palast, die literarischen Texte und die “Vasal- lenverträge Asarhaddons” aus dem Nabû-Tempel Ezida und FRENCH, D. — Canhasan Sites 2. Canhasan I: The Pottery. die Archive aus dem “Fort Shalmaneser”. Auch die aramäi- (British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph schen Inschriften, die hölzernen Schreibtafeln und Ziegel- 32). The British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, Lon- und Siegelinschriften werden berücksichtigt. don, 2005. (30,5 cm, XVI, 293). ISBN 11-898249-16-4. Das siebente Kapitel “Types of Objects and Materials from ISSN 0969-9007. £ 45,-. Nimrud” stellt ähnlich wie das vorhergehende Kapitel die teilweise schon in den Kapiteln 1-5 erwähnten archäologi- This volume, the second in the definitive publication of the schen Funde nach Typ und Material zusammen, so daß man excavations carried out on the Canhasan sites, presents a sich gezielt und schnell über Möbel, Gefäße, Schmuck, Pfer- well-illustrated overview of the ceramics of Chalcolithic Can- degeschirr, Keramik oder apotropäische Figuren aus den ent- hasan I, the architecture of which was the subject of the first sprechenden Materialien (Elfenbein, Glas, Fritte und Fayence, volume in this series. Much of what served as a justification, Muschel, Metall und Ton) informieren kann. indeed as an apology, for that first report (French speaking Während die Frühgeschichte Nimruds im Buch nicht of the ‘essential anachronism of the publication’ — Can- behandelt wird (vgl. S. 15), berichtet das achte Kapitel “Post- hasan 1, p. v), is applicable here, including the author’s Assyrian Nimrud” davon, daß auch nach der Zerstörung im severity when judging his 40-year old dig. The most salient Jahr 612 v. Chr. Nimrud weiterhin besiedelt blieb. Die Aus- point linking both works is that description is concise, care- grabungen Mallowans konnten hier nicht weniger als sechs ful and rigorous. There is no room for interpretations outside hellenistische Besiedlungsschichten nachweisen, die sich über those linked to the stratigraphic position of the pottery mate- Münzen recht gut datieren lassen. rial. The reader who seeks the cultural ‘embedding’ of this Im Epilog erinnern die Autoren schließlich daran, daß die rich and important material will not find it. Even though Ausgrabungen Layards im 19. Jh. und Mallowans in der respecting French’s choice and the scientific reasons behind Mitte des 20. Jh. nicht mit den Maßstäben heutiger archäo- such an approach, this particular reviewer would have
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