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The Territorial Disputes in the Region of South China Sea - Case Study

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The Territorial Disputes in the Region of South China Sea - Case Study MENDEL UNIVERSITY IN BRNO Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies The territorial disputes in the region of South China Sea - case study of selected countries in the region DIPLOMA THESIS Thesis Supervisor: Author of Thesis: Ing. Zbyšek Korecki, Ph.D. Bc. Valeček Nikola Brno 2015 Declaration I declare that I carried out this thesis independently, and only with the cited sources, literature and other professional sources. I agree that my work will be published in accordance with Section 47b of Act No. 111/1998 Coll. on Higher Education as amended thereafter and in accordance with the Guidelines on Publishing University Student Theses. I understand that my work relates to the rights and obligations under the Act No. 121/2000 Coll., the Copyright Act, as amended, in particular the fact that Mendel University in Brno has the right to conclude a license agreement on the use of this work as a school work pursuant to Section 60 paragraph 1 of the Copyright Act. Before closing a license agreement on the use of my thesis with another person (subject)I undertake to request for a written statement of the university that the license agreement in question is not in conflict with the legitimate interests of the university, and undertake to pay any contribution, if eligible, to the costs associated with the creation of the thesis, up to their actual amount. In Brno, November 20, 2015 ……………………………… Bc. Valeček Nikola Acknowledgement I would like to thank the supervisor of my diploma thesis Ing. Zbyšek Korecki, Ph.D. for his advices and patience while writing this thesis. My thanks also goes to Muhammad Shair Ali for consultations in the field of statistics. Abstract Diploma thesis deals with disputes of contested territory in South China Sea region and describes the maritime trade in the region using statistical techniques. The theoretical part is focused on regional security of the region and legalistic theories. In practical part are described historical actions that took place in South China Sea and analysis of the commodities going through the South China Sea region. Analysis is based on Container port throughput, Liner shipping Connectivity index and export and import groups of goods and their impact on balance of trade. Keywords: South China Sea, conflict, regional security complex theory, principal component analysis, maritime trade, export, import, resources, trade balance Abstrakt Diplomová práce se zabývá nároky na sporné ostrovy v Jihočínském moři a sleduje obchod v něm za pomoci statistických metod. Teoretická část práce je zaměřena na teorii regionálních bezpečnostních komplexů a legalistické teorie, jako například mezinárodní veřejné právo. V praktické části jsou analyzovány události, které se udály v Jihočínském moři a mají souvislost se vzájemnou obchodní výměnou států a regionů. Byly vybrány nejdůležitější obchodovatelné komodity, a na základě teorií distribuční sítě a nákladové propustnosti přístavů, indexu lodní spojitosti a v neposlední řadě na vývozních skupinách a dovozních skupinách zboží a jejich dopad na obchodní bilanci, byly analyzovány trendy vývoje. Klíčová slova: Jihočínské moře, konflikt, regionální bezpečnostní komplex, analýza hlavních komponent, námořní obchod, export, import, zdroje, bilance obchodu CONTENT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ 8 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 9 AIM AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 11 1 THEORETICAL PART ....................................................................................... 13 1.1 Conflict .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.1.1 Types of conflicts .................................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Security ............................................................................................................................. 13 1.3 Regional Security Complex Theory .................................................................................. 14 1.3.1 Securitization ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.4 RSCT and South China Sea region ................................................................................... 17 1.5 Legalistic theories ............................................................................................................. 18 1.5.1 Public International law ......................................................................................................... 18 1.5.2 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ................................................................ 20 1.5.3 ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea ........................................................................ 22 1.5.4 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea .............................................. 23 1.6 Principal Component Analysis .......................................................................................... 24 1.7 Data normalization ............................................................................................................ 25 1.7.1 Min – Max method ................................................................................................................ 25 1.8 Multiple Regression .......................................................................................................... 25 2 REVIEW OF THE SOUTH CHINA REGION ................................................. 27 2.1 Geographical background ................................................................................................. 28 2.1.1 Spratly Islands ....................................................................................................................... 30 2.1.2 Paracel Islands ....................................................................................................................... 30 2.2 The presence of minerals................................................................................................... 31 2.3 Individual Actors and their claims of the territory ............................................................ 31 2.3.1 People’s Republic of China ................................................................................................... 32 2.3.2 Taiwan (Republic of China) .................................................................................................. 33 2.3.3 Socialist Republic of Vietnam ............................................................................................... 33 2.3.4 Republic of Philippines .......................................................................................................... 34 2.3.5 Malaysia................................................................................................................................. 34 2.3.6 Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace ......................................................................................... 35 2.3.7 Republic of Indonesia ............................................................................................................ 35 3 ANALYTICAL PART .......................................................................................... 36 3.1 Development of the conflict in South China Sea throughout the years ............................ 36 3.1.1 Actions that took place in 1940s ............................................................................................ 36 3.1.2 Actions that took place in 1950s ............................................................................................ 37 3.1.3 Actions that took place in 1960s ............................................................................................ 39 3.1.4 Actions that took place in 1970s ............................................................................................ 40 3.1.5 Actions that took place in 1980s ............................................................................................ 42 3.1.6 Actions that took place in 1990s ............................................................................................ 44 3.1.7 Period from 2000-2015 .......................................................................................................... 46 3.2 Role of ASEAN in the South China Sea ........................................................................... 51 3.3 Role of Japan in South China Sea ..................................................................................... 54 3.4 Role of USA in South China Sea ...................................................................................... 55 4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 57 4.1 Container Port Throughput................................................................................................ 58 4.2 Liner Shipping Connectivity Index ................................................................................... 60 4.3 Liner Shipping Bilateral Connectivity Index .................................................................... 61 4.4 Theoretical framework of PCA ........................................................................................
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