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Srpska Dru[Tva U Dubrovniku Na Po^Etku 20. Veka

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Srpska Dru[Tva U Dubrovniku Na Po^Etku 20. Veka UDK 061.2(=163.41)(497.5 Dubrovnik) „19“ ORIGINALAN NAU^NI RAD Sa{a Nedeqkovi} SRPSKA DRU[TVA U DUBROVNIKU NA PO^ETKU 20. VEKA SA@ETAK: U drugoj polovini 19. veka i na po~etku 20. veka Dubrovnik je bio centar primorskih Srba, katolika i pravoslavnih. Nacionalni rad Sr- ba odvijao se preko kulturnih i privrednih dru{tava. Prosvetno-privredno dru{tvo Srpska Zora osnovano je 1901. godine u Kninu. Podsticalo je osniva- we zemqoradni~kih zadruga po selima i {tedionica po gradovima. Na inici- jativu Srpske Zore osnovan je 1905. godine Savez srpskih privrednih zadruga na Primorju. Glavna aktivnost Srpske Zore bila je ja~awe srpske inteligen- cije putem pomagawa siroma{nih u~enika. Pomagala je nov~ano rad srpskih peva~kih dru{tava na Primorju. Matica srpska u Dubrovniku osnovana je 1909. godine kao zadu`bina trgovca Konstantina Vu~kovi}a. Prva gimnasti- ~ka (vite{ka) dru{tva na Primorju osnovana su 1907. godine, Du{an Silni u Dubrovniku i Srpski soko u Risnu. Vite{ko vaspitawe bilo je istovremeno telesno, moralno i narodnosno vaspitawe. Srpska sokolska `upa na Primorju osnovana je 1911. godine u Herceg Novom. @upa je bila deo Saveza srpskog so- kolstva u Beogradu. Odr`ala je slet u Dubrovniku 1913. godine i slet 1914. u Kninu. Po objavi rata Srbiji 1914. godine zabrawena su sva srpska dru{tva. Primorski Srbi nastojali su da prebegnu i kao dobrovoqci stupe u vojske srpskih dr`ava. Srpska vojska u{la je u Dubrovnik 13. novembra 1918. Na dan ujediwewa, 1. decembra 1924. godine otkriven je spomenik kraqu Petru I. Du- brovnik je 1925. godine posetio kraq Aleksandar i kraqica Marija. S vrlo skromnim sredstvima nacionalni pregaoci su po`rtvovanim radom uspeli da okupe, pokrenu i povedu primorske Srbe u borbu za oslobo|ewe i ujediwewe. KQU^NE RE^I: Dubrovnik, Herceg Novi, Kotor, Primasija Srpska, Srpska Zora, Matica srpska, Du{an Silni, Soko, zadruge, {tedionice Dubrovnik je u drugoj polovini 19. veka bio kulturni i privredni centar primorskih Srba. Obrazovani primorci su kao nacionalni prega- oci (Matija Ban, Valtazar Bogi{i}, Simo Matavuq, Quba Jovanovi} ...) prelazili u Srbiju i Crnu Goru. Dr Lujo knez Vojnovi} primio je 1896. godine ponu|eno mesto li~nog sekretara kneza Nikole posredovawem 166 crnogorskog ministra pravde dr Valtazara Bogi{i}a. Na opro{tajnoj ve- ~eri u Narodnoj [tionici (osnovanoj 1861. godine) u Dubrovniku poru- ~io mu je dubrova~ki vlastelin Jero Natali}: „Lujo, reci na Cetiwu da srpska Atina pozdravqa srpsku Spartu“1. Lujo knez Vojnovi} je 1899. go- dine postao crnogorski ministar pravde. Kao crnogorski opunomo}eni poslanik pri Vatikanu zajedno s arcibiskupom barskim i primasom srp- skim [imunom Milinovi}em zastupao je 1901–1902. godine Crnu Goru i Srbe katolike u sporu oko slovenskog zavoda Svetog Jeronima u Rimu. Zbog nedostatka sredstava arcibiskup Milinovi} nije ostvario svoju ide- ju o otvarawu sjemeni{ta u kojem bi se obrazovao kadar koji bi ~inio je- zgro „ujediwewa srpstva i sloge Jugoslovenske“. Arcibiskupsko sjemeni- {te Primasije Srpske u Baru po~elo je sa radom 1935. godine. Luka Bo- ne, Bo`o Hope i dr M. Graci} iz Dubrovnika su u ime Srba katolika uputili 1939. godine barskom arcibiskupu i primasu srpskom dr Nikoli Dobre~i}u predstavku o potrebi otvarawa Srpske katoli~ke bogoslovije u Baru2. Dubrovnik je bio kulturni, a Primasija Srpska u Baru verski centar Srba katolika. Kwi`evni ~asopis Slovinac koji je izlazio od 1878. do 1884. godine bio je ~asopis slovinskog pokreta. U redakciji ~a- sopisa bili su Niko i Medo (Orsat) Puci}, Luko Zore, Ivan Stojanovi}, Marko Car, Jovan Sunde~i} i Mate Vodopi}. Prvi srpski list u Dubrov- niku Gu{terica izlazio je 1882/83 godine. Posle Gu{terice novine dubrova~kih Srba bile su list Glas Dubrova~ki (1885/86), Dubrovnik (osnovan 1892), kalendar-almanah Dubrovnik (osnovan 1897) i ~asopis Sr| (osnovan 1902). Gu{tericu i Glas Dubrova~ki ure|ivao je Nik{a Matov Gradi. List Srpske narodne stranke na Primorju Dubrovnik ure- |ivao je od 1895. do svoje smrti 1904. godine kwi`evnik Antun Fabris3. Ure|ivao je tako|e kalendar Dubrovnik, Sr| i izdavao Srpsku dubro- va~ku biblioteku. Na Primorju postojale su samo ~etiri privatne srpske {kole i to u Kotoru, Dubrovniku, Zadru i [ibeniku. Nacionalni rad primorskih Sr- ba odvijao se preko prosvetnih i privrednih dru{tava. Dru{tva su okup- qala Srbe katoli~ke i pravoslavne vere. Srpsko bratstvo, osnovano 1897, trudilo se da celokupni javni `ivot Srba koncentri{e u jedinstvenoj organizaciji i na politi~koj osnovi. Austrijske vlasti su Srpsko brat- stvo zabranile 1899. Na skup{tini u Kninu, 20. i 21. oktobra 1901, sastali su se posla- nici, op{tinski na~elnici, sve{tenici, u~iteqi, zanatlije, trgovci i vi|eniji seqaci primorskih Srba i po ugledu na Srpsko privredno dru- {tvo Privrednik iz Zagreba osnovali prosvetno-privredno dru{tvo Srp- 1 V o j n o v i }, Lujo (1922). Skromni pomeni o Velikom Kraqu, Zagreb, str. 27. 2 R a s t o d e r, [erbo, R a s t o d e r, Jasmina (1991). Dr Nikola Dobre~i}, arcibi- skup barski i primas srpski, Budva, str. 112, 113, 163. 3 Izabrani ~lanci Antuna Fabrisa (1940). Sakupio i predgovor napisao dr H. Ba- ri}, Beograd: Izdawe „Dubrovnik”, str. XI. 167 ska Zora. Najzaslu`niji za osnivawe dru{tva bio je Antun Fabris. Novo dru{tvo je posle iskustva sa Srpskim bratstvom odvojilo prosvetno-pri- vredni rad od politike. U prvom broju lista Srpska Zora Uredni{tvo je izjavilo: „Uklawa}emo se od politike, ali }emo se ipak dr`ati pro- grama Srpske Narodne Stranke na Primorju, u koliko na{ rad bude zasije- cati u taj program.“4. Na skup{tini u Dubrovniku, 9. maja 1902. usvojena su pravila dru{tva i izabrana uprava pod predsedni{tvom Mateja [ari- }a, apotekara iz Dubrovnika. Uprava je imala 15 ~lanova, i to: „Presjed- nik Matej [ari}, apotekar, Dubrovnik; I. Potpresjednik: Nikola Babi}, trgovac, Dubrovnik; II Potpresjednik: dr Krsto Kova~evi}, [ibenik; Blagajnik: dr A. Puqezi, notar, Dubrovnik; Tajnik: dr S. Kne`evi}, ad- vokat, Dubrovnik; Odbornici: dr Rudolf Sardeli}, advokatski kandidat, Herceg Novi; Jovo Berdovi}, trgovac, Dubrovnik; dr. Vl. Matijevi}, ad- vokat, Dubrovnik; \uro Vukoti}, Kotor; Mirko Komnenovi}, Herceg No- vi; Ermene|ild Job, Dubrovnik; Vlad. Desnica, Obrovac; Joso vit. Kuli- {i}, Vrlika; Sava Barbi}, Dubrovnik; Antun Fabris, Dubrovnik“5. Usta- novqeni su pododbori Srpske Zore u mestima gde je bilo najmawe 30 ~la- nova. Po selima povjerenici su bili sve{tenici i u~iteqi. Oni su bili posrednici izme|u Srpske Zore i naroda i najvi{e su doprineli uspehu Srpske Zore. Episkop dr Mila{ preporu~io je putem okru`nice sve- {tenstvu da se {to ja~e zauzme za prosvetni i privredni rad Srpske Zo- re. Sedi{te dru{tva bilo je u Dubrovniku. Rad dru{tva kretao se u dva pravca. S jedne strane, radilo se na unapre|ewu privrede, a s druge, na podizawu op{te prosve}enosti primorskih Srba (Prosvetom slobodi). Taj dvostruki rad razvijao se uporedo, preplitao se i dopuwavao, kako su to zahtevale potrebe naroda i omogu}avale lokalne prilike na terenu. Po Ustavu Prosvjetno-privredno Dru{tvo Srpska Zora bavilo se: „a) vaspitawem naroda, osnivaju}i i potpomagaju}i prosvjetne usta- nove, a osobito {kole i javne narodne biblioteke, potpomagaju}i poha|a- we {kolskih zavoda sa potporama u~enicima i nastavnicima, poti~u}i javna predavawa i raspravqawa o vaspitnim i nau~nim predmetima; izda- vaju}i ili potpomagaju}i izdavawa kwiga, koje odgovaraju duhu ovoga dru- {tva. b) osnivawem narodno privrednih ustanova, a osobito zemqoradni~- kih zadruga i {tedionica, i ina~e unapre|ivawem poqoprivrede“6 Da bi unapredila privredu „Srpska Zora“ je podsticala osnivawe zemqoradni~kih zadruga po selima i {tedionica po gradovima. Na ~elu pokreta za osnivawe zadruga bili su Srbi Dubrov~ani, Luko markiz Bo- 4 U Prva rije~, Srpska Zora, str. 1, br. 1, God. I, 20. januara 1907, Dubrovnik: Srp- ska Dubrova~ka [tamparija Dr. Graci}a i dr. 5 Srpska Zora, str. 84, Dubrovnik kalendar za godinu 1903, (1902), God. VII, Du- brovnik: Srpska Dubrova~ka [tamparija A. Pasari}a. 6 Ustav Prosvjetno-privrednog Dru{tva „Srpska Zora”, str. 4, br. 18, 12. (25) septem- bra 1908. God. II, Srpska Zora, Dubrovnik: Srpska Dubrova~ka [tamparija Dr. Graci}a i dr. 168 na, Matej [ari} i dr Rudolf Sardeli}. Prva srpska zemqoradni~ka za- druga na Primorju osnovana je 1902. godine u Boki Kotorskoj u selu Ka- menari. U prvoj polovini 1904. godine osnovane su zemqoradni~ke zadru- ge u Glavati}u, Glavatima, Prijeradima, Mokrinama i Orahovcu (u Boki Kotorskoj); u \evrskama i Kistawima (u severnoj Dalmaciji). Ukupno su do 1914. godine na Primorju osnovane 42 zemqoradni~ke zadruge, dve ri- barske zadruge (Bao{i} i Sv. Stefan) i tri uqarske zadruge. Uz pomo} Srpske banke iz Zagreba i wenog prokuriste Stevana Karamate osnivane su {tedionice: Srpska boke{ka {tedionica u Kotoru 1901, srpske {te- dionice u Zadru i Dubrovniku 1902,... Na inicijativu Srpske Zore osno- van je 1905. godine Savez srpskih privrednih zadruga na Primorju sa se- di{tem u Dubrovniku. Prvi zbor srpskih zadruga na Primorju odr`an je 7. avgusta 1908. godine u sve~anoj dvorani Srpskog pjeva~kog dru{tva Sloga u Dubrovniku. Na wemu je u~estvovalo izaslanstvo zadrugarstva iz Srbije na ~elu s Mihailom Avramovi}em. Uporedo s radom na {irewu srpskoga zadru`nog pokreta Srpska Zo- ra je po selima delila poqoprivredne alate, plavi kamen, ve{ta~ko |u- brivo i semewe deteline. Radi semewa i gladnih godina seqacima je pre- poru~ivala ustanovu Zadru`nih ambara. Na inicijativu Saveza srpskih privrednih zadruga osnovana je 1909.
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