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An Analysis of Jeay Sindh Tahreek As an Ethno Nationalist Movement of Pakistan

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An Analysis of Jeay Sindh Tahreek As an Ethno Nationalist Movement of Pakistan Pakistan Perspectives Vol. 14, No. 1, January-June 2009 An Analysis of Jeay Sindh Tahreek as an Ethno Nationalist Movement of Pakistan Amir Ali Chandio Abstract Jeay Sindh Tahreek is an ethno-nationalist organization which is working for the independence of Sindh. Sindhu Desh is the core objective of the tahreek. It emerged in post-Bangladesh era. It during Bhutto’s rule gained popularity and strengthened subsequently during martial law of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. The nationalist tahreek of Sindh had started during the British Raj but it could not gain popular support. The purpose of this study is to examine the causes of the emergence and strengthening of this movement. The role of Jeay Sindh in the democratic movement is also included in this article. Introduction: The ethno-nationalist movements existed in Sindh even before the creation of Pakistan. In this connection Hur1 militant movement against British rule and movement for the separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency were some of the movements. The separation of Karachi from the rest of Sindh was the main reason behind Sindhi nationalism after the independence of Pakistan. The formation One-Unit in West Pakistan increased nationalist thinking in Sindh. The slogan of Jeay Sindh was introduced at that time by Hyder Bakhsh Jatoi and became popular among Sindhis. Anti One-Unit movement became strong in Sindh as compared to other parts of West Pakistan. In this period many Sindhi nationalist organizations were formed. Jeay Sindh Tahreek is a nationalist and secessionist party led by late Ghulam Murtaza Sayed, well known as G. M. Sayed. It was formed in 1972, during the Bhutto government, but flourished under Zia regime. The Sindhi nationalists have been divided into various groups; Jeay Sindh Tahreek has been the most popular and strongest of them. This Amir Ali Chandio is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur. 1 They are the followers of Pir Sahib Pagara. 96 Pakistan Perspectives party is struggling for Sindhu Desh (Azad Sindh). Rasol Bakhsh Palejo, Dr. Kadar Magsi, Mumtaz Ali Bhutto and others are nationalists but they are not secessionists. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto tried to make a distinction between them. According to her, ‘the Nationalists want rightful place for Sindh within Pakistan. The secessionists want a role for Sindh outside the context of the federation, and possibly for a union with India.2 The leader of Jeay Sindh Tahreek, G. M. Sayed, was active in the politics of Sindh both before and after independence. He played a very vital role in the Pakistan movement. G. M. Sayed was born on 17 January 1904. He entered politics at the age of 14. He participated in the Khilafat Movement in 1919 and was also the member of Indian National Congress. He was active in the movement for the separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency and actively participated in the Sindh Hari Committee.3 G. M. Sayed formed Sindh People's Party along with Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto in 1934. He contested and won provincial assembly seat in the elections of 1936 on the ticket of Itehad Party. He left Congress in 1938, and joined the All India Muslim League. After joining Muslim League he worked day and night to organize the League. He was elected President of Sindh Muslim League on 3 March 1943. Sindh Assembly passed the resolution in the support of ‘Lahore Resolution’ under the leadership of G. M. Sayed in 1943. He was a firm believer of the ‘two nation theory’. When Hindu Muslim riots took place in Sukkur on Masjid Manzil Gah issue, he led the Muslims and played active role to organize the Muslims against the Hindus. He agitated against the government on the issue and was imprisoned for two months. He played a role in the formation and toppling down of governments. He left All India Muslim League over the interference of centre in the provincial party matters and on the nomination of candidates of Sindh Assembly in the elections of January 1946. He explained that he left the Muslim League because Muslim League ignored provincial autonomy in its objectives.4 G. M. Sayed formed Sindh Progressive Muslim League. This party won 4 seats of Sindh Assembly in the elections of 1946, but he was personally defeated. He challenged the results and, was declared a winning candidate by the election tribunal. After independence, he wrote a letter to Liaquat Ali Khan for co-operation in the development of the 2 Bhutto Benazir, ‘National Problem in Sindh and its impact on the Federation’, Sindh Quarterly, Karachi, V: 2 (1988), pp.221. 3 An organization of the peasants of Sindh. 4 G. M. Sayed, The Case of Sindh (Karachi: Naeen Sindh Academy, 1995). An Analysis of Jeay Sindh Tahreek as an Ethno… 97 new country.5 G. M. Sayed, however, opposed the separation of Karachi from Sindh; he was also against the formation of One-Unit. He formed the Anti One-Unit Front and mobilized the masses against it. After the dissolution of One-Unit, G. M. Sayed organized Sindh Mutahida Awami Mahaz in April 1969. The Bhutto period (1971-77) G. M. Syed contested the general elections of 1970 on the platform of Sindh Mutahida Mahaz. He made an election alliance with Mumtaz Mohammad Daultana and Muhammad Ayub Khuhro both had strongly supported One-Unit. Therefore, the people of Sindh did not vote for him. He himself admitted: ‘We, the nationalist, did not win a single seat in the general elections of 1970.6 G. M. Sayed supported Awami League which, after winning the 1970 elections, launched the movement for the transfer of power to the elected representatives. After 16 December 1971, when the power of the rest of Pakistan was transferred to Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, G. M. Sayed offered co-operation for the development of the country and for the provincial rights of the smaller provinces. 7 G. M. Sayed also helped Bhutto on the prisoners of war issue with India by using his old relations with Nehru family.8 He also cooperated with Bhutto in the formation of interim constitution of 1972. He met with Baloch and Pushtoon nationalist leaders and convinced them to cooperate with Z.A. Bhutto.9 G. M. Sayed formed Jeay Sindh Mahaz on 18 June 1972 after the merger of Sindh Mutahida Mahaz and Jeay Sindh Nojawan Mahaz,10 led by Yousif Leghari. Before the formation of the Mahaz, the students formed the Jeay Sindh Students Federation. G. M. Sayed supervised the students’ organization. ‘The program of the Mahaz was to get maximum 5 Ibid., p.130. 6 Sayed Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Bhutto, The Man and the Martyr (Karachi: Sindhica Academy, 1993), p.252. 7 Abdul Khaliq Junejo Chairman Jeay Sindh Mahaz, interviewed on 31-12- 2004. 8 G.M. Sayed, op.cit., p.188. 9 Dr. Abdul Hayee Baloch, President National Party Balochistan, interviewed on 8-4-2005. Amanullah Sheikh, Sindhi nationalist intellectual, interviewed on 20-05- 2004. 10 G.M. Sayed, op.cit., p.192. 98 Pakistan Perspectives provincial autonomy for the federating units and recognition of Sindhi as the only national and official language of Sindh’.11 Sayed's party was active in the language crisis of 1972. Many workers of Jeay Sindh Tahreek were arrested. Party opposed the agreement of PPP government and Urdu speaking leadership on the language issue. Jeay Sindh demanded that Sindhi should be made the national and only official language of Sindh. They launched the processions and demonstrations for their demands. Bhutto government took strict measures against the Jeay Sindh Tahreek. When the 1973 constitution was passed by the Bhutto government, G. M. Sayed opposed it. Korejo wrote about it as under: Sayed also found fault with Bhutto's 1973 constitution because it failed to provide the status of nationality and adequate autonomy to Sindh thus perpetuating its helplessness against the uncontrolled immigration.12 Sayed said that situation was deliberately created by Punjab to enslave Sindhis. He further said: ‘Under those circumstances the only solution for Sindh was to secede and declare itself an independent Sindhu Desh’.13 Sayed was impressed by the independence of Bangladesh. He argued that ‘where majority of the Bengalis could not succeed to get their rights, how it would be possible for Sindhis that they would get their rights in Pakistan’.14 Tahir Amin states in this connection: As the center adopted repressive measures towards this faction of the movement, it turned secessionist and began openly working for the independent state of ‘Sindhu Desh’ on the pattern of Bangladesh.15 G. M. Sayed demanded Sindhu Desh as an independent state of Sindh on 31 March 1973.16 Workers of Jeay Sindh Tahreek chant the slogan of Tunhanjo Desh Muhanjo Desh Sindhu Desh Sindhu Desh.17 The ultimate aim of the Tahreek is to struggle for a separate homeland. 11 Tahir Amin, Ethno National Movements of Pakistan: Domestic and International Factors (Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1993), p.144. 12 Mohammad Soaleh, S. Korejo, G. M. Sayed: An Analysis of his Political Perspectives (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000), p.76. 13 G.M. Sayed, Azadi Chho Aen Chelae, Sann, G.M.Sayed Academy. Abdul Khaliq Junejo, Chairman Jeay Sindh Mahaz, interviewed on 31- 12- 2004. 14 Ghulam Mustafa Sayed, op.cit., 15 Tahir Amin, op.cit., p.144. 16Jeay Sindh Study Circle Quomi Tahreek Jo Mazi Haal ain Mustaqabal, 2005, p, 25. 17 Your country my country Sindh country Sindh country. An Analysis of Jeay Sindh Tahreek as an Ethno… 99 The Tahreek consists of four points: nationalism secularisms, democracy and socialism. G.
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