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Autobiography of M H Panhwar

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Autobiography of M H Panhwar CONTENTS NO. TITLE PAGE NO. INTRODUCTION 1 1. MY MATERNAL GRAND FATHER’S HOUSE, MY BIRTH PLACE AND THE SPOT WHERE I WAS BORN. 4 2. LOOKING AT SKIES AT NIGHT. 7 3. THE LAST JOURNEY OF SALEH, THE FATHER OF MY MATERNAL GRANDFATHER AHMED 8 4. USE OF LEFT HAND FOR EATING FOOD. 10 5. HUBBLE-BUBBLE. 11 6. MY VILLAGE. 12 7. HEALTH CARE IN THE VILLAGE. 16 8. VISITORS TO THE VILLAGE. 19 9. MY ANCESTORS. 20 10. MY GREAT GRAND MOTHER. 24 11. MY GRAND FATHER. 25 12. MY FATHER. 27 13. HOONDA WILL YOU EAT BEEF. 30 14. COBRA BITES MY UNCLE. 32 15. MY BUJKI. 35 16. DEVELOPING OF READING HABIT. 36 17. I WILL GROW ONLY FRUIT TREES. 41 18. KHIRDHAHI AND AIWAZSHAH GRAVEYARD. 43 19. GETTING SICK, QUACKS, HAKIMS, VACCINATORS AND DOCTORS. 46 20. MUHAMMAD SALEH PANHWAR’S CONTRIBUTION TO UPLIFT OF VILLAGE PEOPLE 50 21. A VISIT TO THE INDUS. 54 22. I WILL NEVER BE AN ORPHAN. 60 23. MY GRANDFATHER’S AGRICULTURE. 70 24. OUR PIRS OF KHHIYARI SHARIF. 73 25. MOSQUE OF THE VILLAGE. 76 26. THE DRAG LINE OR EXCAVATOR 79 27. DOOMSDAY OR QAYAMAT IS COMING - A PREDICTION 81 28. SEPARATION OF SINDH FROM BOMBAY PRESIDENCY 84 29. IN SEARCH OF CALORIES AND VITAMINS 86 30. OUR POULTRY 91 31. OUR VILLAGE CARPENTER 93 32. OUR VILLAGE SHOEMAKER 95 33. BOOK SHOP AT MAKHDOOM BILAWAL 99 34. WALL MOUNTED MAPS AND CHARTS IN SCHOOL 102 35. WELL IN THE VILLAGE “EUREKA” 104 36. OUR VILLAGE POTTER 108 37. MODERN AGRICULTURE RESEARCH OUR VILLAGE. 110 38. FAIR IN ALLAHABAD 114 39. FRUITS NAMED IN HOLY BOOKS OF MUSLIMS, CHRISTIANS AND JEWS. 116 40. PERRI 119 41. CHASED BY A CROCODILE 120 42. MY GRANDFATHER’S VISION OF AGRICULTURE. 123 43. KHAIRAT 125 44. DECLARED AS UNTOUCHABLE 127 45. INTEREST. 129 46. ENTERTAINMENT IN OUR VILLAGE. 132 47. VILLAGE ARTISANS 140 48. SINDHI BHOPAS 142 49. SEX EDUCATION 144 50. MY FATHER AND GRANDFATHER’S SEX LIVES 152 51. MIDWIFE OR DAI OF OUR VILLAGE 155 52. MY CIRCUMCISION 156 53. A VISIT TO KACHHO 157 54. MIRZA KALEECH BEG AS I HEARD OF HIM 159 55. THE HINDU VILLAGE SHOPKEEPER AND INTEREST 163 56. SELF APPOINTED MULLA OF OUR VILLAGE 166 57. FAKIR MAJEED AND A HINDU SWAMI 169 58. SUPERSTITIONS IN THE VILLAGE 172 59. CAN HE PLOUGH 174 60. IRREPARABLE LOSS OF OUR MANUSCRIPTS 176 61. GOING TO HIGH SCHOOL FOR STUDIES 178 62. HOT AND COLD FOODS 181 63. LOW BLOOD PRESSURE 184 64. ANIMALS AS MY CHILDHOOD COMPANIONS 186 65. WOMEN’S PLIGHT IN OUR VILLAGE 197 INTRODUCTION This autobiography should not be considered as unusual, as people in rural Sindh are familiar with rural life and social set-up and will recollect that at least in some parts these are their own experiences and may have even many things to add. Only difference being that between 1920-1947 it was period of transition in new thinking, new socio-economic conditions, influence of education and even of primary level, a number of political movements, like Khilafat movement essentially reactionary anti-national in support of Khalif of Turkey and considered holy, the separation of Sindh from Bombay, which was main cause of development of Sindhi nationalism, Sukkur barrage, which improved agriculture economy and lot of rural people and brought rural awakening, which immediately saw disparity between urban and rural people or mercantile, commercial and agricultural communities and wrongly blamed urban trading people who mostly were Sindhi Hindus for causing rural backwardness, little realising, that this mercantile class was in competition with Gujarati, Maharashtri, Punjabi, European and other business men and were struggling to have footing in their own province and without realising that if they are gone, they will be replaced by an unsympathetic group. All this lead to anit-separation of Sindh from Bombay by some petty minded Hindus resulting into separation of Sindh being Muslim versus Hindu movement. It was tragic and slowly caused glut between Muslim and Hindus to the disadvantage of both and final disaster in 1947. It was a time that Muslims wanted the lands mortgaged with Hindu business men during the time of great depression to be returned to them and Hindus opposed it. The land alienation act passed by orders of Governor of Punjab to stop transfer land from agriculturists to non-agriculturists was not introduced in Sindh and Hindus now in new Sindh Assembly opposed it. Hindus being given vettage in seats and some i.e., 22 against 32 of Muslims had created a position whereby Hindus could dictate formation of ministry of their choice. Having been frustrated Muslims under G.M. Syed organised Masjid Manzil Ghah agitation, knowing fully well that it will lead to Hindu-Muslim riots and many lives will be lost, but result will be popularisation of Muslim League, and he succeeded in it. It was the worst event in Hindu-Muslim relations which kept deteriorating further. Post barrage economic boom brought a large number of students from rural areas to towns for study, but by the time of independence’s in 1947 not more than about 500 Muslim students were in the colleges against at least 5 times the Hindus, but Muslims were catching up fast. The Muslims, most rural had never realised that they were connected with agriculture as it was the best economic base and power over people upto mid nineteenth century, but promotion of trade, industry and 1 Autobiography of M. H. Panhwar Copyright: www.panhwar.com exporting the British changed the balance, cities and towns came up and leader of rural. Muslims the landed class, stuck to the land and agriculture did not progress in modern education and suppressed education and migration. This kept the whole Muslim community backward. Since 1923, British introduced some reforms and elections. The landed class found that by elections the moved into special elite class and to keep them elected they have to suppresses rural Muslim voter educationally, economically and exploit religion against non- Muslims, consequences of which were apparent after independence, when Hindus were forced to leave Sindh by new immigrants and Sindh Muslim not properly educated, trained or economically sound to fill the vacuum. There was post World War-I economic depression and worst years were 1930-1940. The price of agriculture commodities has fallen to rock bottom. A good self cultivator owing ten acres of land could not earn more a net of Rs. 60 or equivalent of two tolas of gold annually, with help of at least three additional adults of the family. This caused frustration which was easily exploited by Muslim politicians in the name of down trodden Muslims exploited by infidels, the British and Hindus. Mullas were always ready to assume leadership if some right or wrong cause was raised in name of sufferings of Muslims and Islam and they easily aroused masses. Against them some poets composed excellent poetry and result was that it was difficult for Mullas to assume leadership in the Muslim League, which became an organisation of urban elite rural landed class, Syeds, Makhdooms, Pirs and that group, but not of masses. This elite group was not all interested in involving masses as it would end their leadership. Muslim League was dominated by urban elite and rural waderas, who could order their tenants to vote for any body or any party. There were some serious middle and poor class honest workers who joined hands with G.M. Syed to popularise Muslim League, but they were despised by the rich elite. G.M. Syed was tolerated by them only because they could not reach his level of political maneuvering thinking, expression in writing and scrupulous honesty. In my first ten years of life, I had tried to understand Sindh, which became guide line to work on it in future. I had already shaken off many prejudices against people of other faiths, superstitions, beliefs in Bhopas, witches, giants, miracles, supernatural powers of some people and dead saints. I had also realised that knowledge had no limits and could be learnt all though the life and yet it was not the end and I have always admired Socrotes, whole said “People consider me wise, because I know nothing.” I think it is true of me too. I had realised that pen was than the sword and respected men of letters more than the rich with poor mentally. Tolerance to all others irrespective of caste, 2 Autobiography of M. H. Panhwar Copyright: www.panhwar.com creed and colour was another thing I picked up soon. That most of people lied was another concern. I could not figure out, why at all they lied? My love for and with nature was out-come of my liking to learn it and got opportunity to observe it from tree to tree, bush to bush, field to field and uncultivated waste land growing wild vegetation, but this was not enough, I used to remove piles of straw or leaves and pods or berries under trees to see the insects, which I never killed and also catch butterflies but release them after examining their beautiful wings. Watching eggs of birds and their hatching looked very interesting but I never disturbed them. Effect of all this was that I did not participate in any hunting sport and have not killed a single bird or animal my self, though have taken meat and poultry. All above has attached me to the soil of Sindh and I am a prisoner of it. Any injustice or damage to cause and interests of Sindh agitates and disturbs me.
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