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Subterranean Warfare: a New-Old Challenge
Subterranean Warfare: A New-Old Challenge Yiftah S. Shapir and Gal Perel Subterranean warfare is not new in human history. Tunnels, which have been dug in all periods for various purposes, have usually been the weapon of the weak against the strong and used for concealment. The time required to dig tunnels means that they can be an important tool for local residents against an enemy army unfamiliar with the terrain. Tunnels used for concealment purposes (defensive tunnels) can be distinguished from tunnels used as a route for moving from one place to another. The latter include smuggling tunnels used to smuggle goods past borders (as in the Gaza Strip), escape routes from prisons or detention camps, offensive tunnels to move forces behind enemy lines, and booby-trapped tunnels planted with explosives !"#$%#!#&'%()*+,+-+#.%/)%-)*-+*% .#"%0'%1)&).23 Operation Protective Edge sharpened awareness of the strategic threat posed by subterranean warfare. The IDF encountered the tunnel threat long ago, and took action to attempt to cope with this threat, but the scope of -4#%54#!6&#!6!7%).%0#*)&#%)55)$#!-%+!%8 ,'9: ; .-%<=>?7%@).%56$-$)'#"% as a strategic shock, if not a complete surprise, requiring comprehensive reorganization to handle the problem. Some critics argued that an investigative commission was necessary to search for the roots of the failure and punish those to blame for it. This article will review subterranean warfare before and during Operation Protective Edge, and will assess the strategic effects of this mode of warfare. !"#$%&#'()#*+,-"../0"/0#1/.2/." A 0-#$$)!#)!%@)$()$#%4).%)55#)$#"%&)!'%-+&#.%+!%-4#%:$)09B.$)#,+%*6!-#C-7% and the IDF and the Ministry of Defense have dealt with various aspects of the phenomenon of subterranean warfare for many years. -
הרפואה הצבאית Association - Journal of Israeli Military Medicine
ההסתדרות הרפואית בישראל Israeli Medical הרפואה הצבאית Association - Journal of Israeli Military Medicine Journal of Israeli Military Medicine Vol. 14, No.1 (35), APRIL 2017 | ISSN 1565-8287 כרך 14, חוב' מס' 1 )35( ניסן-אייר תשע"ז, אפריל ISSN 1565-8287 | 2017 כרך 14 , חוב' מס' 1 ( 35 ( ניסן-אייר תשע"ז 2017 Vol. 14, NO.1 (35), APRIL Vol. 23 18 13 8 8 13 18 23 Stab Injuries Associated IDF’s Central Command Injuries and Treatment פיגועי דקירה נגד חיילים מיפוי הפציעות והמענה נפגעי צה"ל וכוחות הביטחון הערכות מתאמנים לשלושה Trainees Perception במרחב אוגדת יהודה הרפואי על פני שישה חודשים בפיגועי טרור במתווה דריסה מודלים של אימוני סימולציה with Terror Activity Medical Corps Experience of IDF Casualties of of Three Models Targeting Soldiers in from 6 Months of Terroristic ושומרון )אוקטובר 2015 - מרס 2016(, ביהודה ושומרון - השוואת לצוותי רפואה לטיפול Vehicle Ramming Terror of Trauma Patient נועם בן-יוסף ואח' בתקופה של טרור מתמשך נתוני ההיפגעות עם נתוני בפצועי טראומה - the Central Command Activity (October 2015 Attacks in The West Treatment Training בגזרת פיקוד המרכז הנפגעים בתאונות דרכים עדי לייבה, סער מנחה ואח' N. Ben-Yosef et al. .March 2016) Bank - Comparison to A. Leiba, S. Minha et al סער מנחה ואח' ונפגעי פח"ע במנגנונים אחרים S. Minha et al. Pedestrians Injured in קרן זילכה ואח' Road Accidents and to Casualties of Other Terror Mechanisms K. Zilka et al. ההסתדרות .(Special Edition Analyzing “Godel HaSha`ah” (Terror Wave 2015-2016 גיליון זה מיוחד לאירועי הטרור "גודל השעה" )2016-2015(. הרפואית בישראל Editor: COL Dr Hagay Frenkel, Chief Medical -
Subterranean Warfare 2015-2020
2015 Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies Homeland Security Research Corp. Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies – 2015 Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies August 2015 Homeland Security Research Corp. (HSRC) is an international market and technology research firm specializing in the Homeland Security (HLS) & Public Safety (PS) Industry. HSRC provides premium market reports on present and emerging technologies and industry expertise, enabling global clients to gain time-critical insight into business opportunities. HSRC’s clients include U.S. Congress, DHS, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, NATO, DOD, DOT, GAO, and EU, among others; as well as HLS & PS government agencies in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Israel, Canada, UK, Germany, Australia, Sweden, Finland, Singapore. With over 750 private sector clients (72% repeat customers), including major defense and security contractors, and Fortune 500 companies, HSRC earned the reputation as the industry’s Gold Standard for HLS & PS market reports. Washington D.C. 20004, 601 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Suite 900, Tel: 202-455-0966, [email protected], www.homelandsecurityresearch.com Copyright © 2015 HSRC. All rights reserved | Copy #2015-081015-4 | 2 Tunnel Warfare Robot Technologies – 2015 Table of Contents 1 Subterranean Warfare Robots Technologies & Global Market – 2015-2020 ................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Subterranean Warfare ................................................................ 4 1.2 Subterranean Warfare Robots Technologies ............................ -
The Underground War on the Western Front in WWI. Journal of Conflict Archaeology, 9 (3)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten: Publications nn Banks, I. (2014) Digging in the dark: the underground war on the Western Front in WWI. Journal of Conflict Archaeology, 9 (3). pp. 156-178. Copyright © 2014 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/102030/ Deposited on: 29 January 2015 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Digging in the Dark: The Underground War on the Western Front in WWI Iain Banks Centre for Battlefield Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK Abstract Throughout the First World War, with the trenches largely static, the combatants tried to break the deadlock by tunnelling under one another’s trenches. The Tunnelling Companies of the British Royal Engineers were engaged in a bitter struggle against German Pioneers that left both sides with heavy casualties. A project to determine the location of one particular act of heroism in that underground war has resulted in the erection of a monument to the Tunnellers at Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée in northern France. Keywords: Tunnelling Companies; Royal Engineers; William Hackett; Tunnellers’ Memorial; mine warfare Introduction The war that raged from 1914 to 1918 is characterised in the popular imagination in terms of trenches, mud and shellfire. -
ATP 3-21.51 Subterranean Operations
ATP 3-21.51 Subterranean Operations 129(0%(5 2019 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes ATP 3-21.51, dated 21 February 2018. Headquarters, Department of the Army This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil), and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard) *ATP 3-21.51 Army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 3-21.51 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 1RYHPEHr 2019 Subterranean Operations Contents Page PREFACE..................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1 SUBTERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................... 1-1 Attributes of a Subterranean System ........................................................................ 1-1 Functionality of Subterranean Structures .................................................................. 1-1 Subterranean Threats, Hazards, and Risks .............................................................. 1-2 Denial and Deception ................................................................................................ 1-6 Categories of Subterranean Systems ....................................................................... 1-9 Construction of Subterranean Spaces and Structures ........................................... -
AFPPS Starts 2015 with New Electronic Information Management System
Vol. 1 No. 6 • November-December 2014 IN LINE WITH AFP TRANSFORMATION ROADMAP, ISO CERTIFICATION UPDATE ON ISO CERTIFICATION INITIATIVES AFPPS starts 2015 with AFPPS undergoes Management Review Inching closer to ISO 9001:2008 new electronic information Certification, the AFP Procurement Service conducted Management Review –the third to the last three major activities towards the management system Service’s goal to finally be certified as ISO 9001:2008 compliant. he AFP Procurement Office (CO), which developed the project, In his report to AFP Chief of Staff Gen Service (AFPPS) is and at the General Headquarters Gregorio Pio Catapang Jr, AFPPS Commander literally starting Procurement Center Col Alvin Francis A Javier PA (GSC) stated that 2015 with a bang with its (GHQPC). the Service has already accomplished 85 percent parallel testing of He stressed that of the scheduled activities for certification. the Procurement the development of the The Management Review –which Information Management system is in line with will be followed by Final Preparation System (PIMS), an electronic the AFP Transformation for Certification and the Third Party T Certification, was held last November 28. monitoring and information Roadmap and the AFPPS’ Col Javier said that the Service is targeting system project, in two of its initiatives towards ISO to execute all the scheduled activities by units based at Camp General 9001:2008 Certification. end of January 2015 as it aims to obtain ISO Emilio Aguinaldo and Fort San Felipe, If proven effective and responsive, the 9001:2008 Certification by March. Cavite City on the first week of January. system will be used in all Procurement “We have worked so hard to come this Col Alvin Francis A Javier PA (GSC), Centers (PCs) and Contracting Offices far, and now that we are closer to achieving Commander of AFPPS, said that the system (COs) nationwide. -
Briefing Notes
THE FUTURE OF WARFARE, ITS TRANSITION TO URBAN AND UNDERGROUND WARFARE AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT Authors: Sergiu Gargaun1 and Julian Spencer- Churchill2 1 Student in Department of Political Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada 2 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada BRIEFING NOTES # BN-31-Emerging technology and military application-Oct2020 SUMMARY Due to the air superiority of NATO and to the ever-increasing cost of building on the surface, potential opponents have already started and are continuing to build underground. Sewers, metros and massive shopping malls would allow the enemy to move and protect their assets with impunity if the military does not act underground. Furthermore, dropping bunker busters or solely using special forces will not suffice since the areas to cover will be too high. Therefore, soldiers will have to learn how to fight underground and will have to be equipped with the proper tools to be combat ready in this environment. Firstly, tools to identify where the underground facilities are would be important. Using an array of seismic imaging, electrical prospection or simply sending AI controlled drones to scout the facility would be beneficial in understanding the layout and plan the mission accordingly. Secondly, the soldiers will have to be equipped with personal tools to ensure their effectiveness and survival. Low frequency communication devices, suppressors, infrared flashlights and oxygen providing equipment will be primordial if the soldiers have to fight the enemy in an enclosed and completely dark environment. Why Is Underground Warfare Going to be Important In the Future Contagious diseases represent as one of the 21st century’s major health challenges for humanity. -
Operations in Subterranean Systems: Terrain and Weather Variable
https://securityandefence.pl/ Operations in subterranean systems: Terrain and weather variable José Paulo Silva Bartolomeu [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-2884 Military University Institute, Portugal, R. Pedrouços 122, 1449-027 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract The overall objective of the research is to summarize tactical considerations, resulting from terrain and weather analysis, to support the preparation, planning and execution of subterranean operations. The study used the Grounded Theory for collection, analysis, and systematic treatment of data. The main data sources for the study consisted of purposive sampling from operations in subter- ranean systems and lessons learned from them. Two new sub-variables are now proposed to be included in terrain and weather variable from mission analysis model for subterranean operations: Subterranean system’s location and accesses and subterranean system features. The key to finding subterranean systems is through terrain analysis, physical ground search, operational indica- tors, and intelligence products. The analysis of the features of the subterranean system and its mapping is critical for developing courses of action. Forces must be trained and equipped to manoeuvre and combat at short distances and poor visibility condi- tions. Surface access points and command and control bunkers usually are assessed as key terrain. Obstacles placed at intersections are excellent ambush sites. Accessing sophisticated structures requires specific techniques and equipment. Inside the subterranean systems, existing angles, barriers, walls, cavities, stairwells and other objects provide cover and concealment. Water can make it impossible to build subterranean systems, place obstacles, or even use them; droughts can “create” new avenues of approach. Clouds and fog difficult the detection of subterranean systems. -
Cmdr Coe Proceedings 2014–2015
CMDR COE Proceedings 2014-2015 CMDR COE PROCEEDINGS 2014–2015 Editorial Board: Orlin Nikolov, Vassil Roussinov Mihaela Kouteva-Guentcheva Juliana Karakaneva, Jordan Tabov Lyubka Pashova, Nikolay Tomov Milen Milkov, Rositsa Ruseva Irena Nikolova, Iliyan Hutov Technical Board: Boris Guenov, Desislav Zmeev Svetlin Denchev, Zornitsa Doychinova CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE (CMDR COE) 1 CMDR COE Proceedings 2014-2015 Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence (CMDR COE), September 2015 All rights reserved. Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence (CMDR COE) 34A Totleben Boulevard, Shipka Hotel, floor 2 1606 Sofia BULGARIA Phones: 359 29224700, 359 2 9224705 Fax: 359 2 9224755 www.cmdrcoe.org Published in Bulgaria ISSN 2367-766X Published by Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence, CMDR COE Editors: Orlin Nikolov, Vassil Roussinov, Milen Milkov, Rositsa Ruseva, Juliana Karakaneva, Jordan Tabov, Lyubka Pashova, Nikolay Tomov, Mihaela Kouteva-Guentcheva, Irena Nikolova, Iliyan Hutov Front cover: Boris Guenov Design: Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence, CMDR COE CMDR COE Proceedings accepts publications submission of papers in the crisis management and disaster relief domain. Any views or opinions presented in this book are solely those of the author/s and do not necessarily represent those of the CMDR COE. Authors are responsible for the content of their papers and for the quality of the English language, used in the paper. It is also the authors’ responsibility to ensure that data have been collected in an ethical manner. Authors are responsible for disclosing potential conflicts of interest. 2 CMDR COE Proceedings 2014-2015 Ladies and Gentlemen, Seeing the first issue of CMDR COE Proceeding I am pleased of our common effort. -
AFPPS Commander Holds State of Procurement Address (Sopas) from Page 1 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Budget for the Contract Worth P1,314,651,750.92
Vol. 1 No. 3 • May - June 2014 COMMITTED TO KEEP ALL STAKEHOLDERS WELL-INFORMED AFPPS units report more than P257 million AFPPS Commander residuals for government Units under the AFP Procurement Service working in conjunction with the holds State of Procurement five AFP Bids and Awards Committees (BACs) reported huge amount of residuals in 2013, registering more than P257 million Address (SOPAs) in savings in favor of the government. The 112th Contracting Office (CO), eeping its commitment to maintain all stakeholders under Lt Col Patricio P Alejaga (CE) PA, well-informed of the military procurement process, that implemented the contracts for the AFP Procurement Service Commander Col Alvin Philippine Army infrastructure projects Francis A Javier PA (GSC) reported the Service’s in Luzon areas which were successfully accomplishments for the first six months of 2014 bidded out by the PA BAC, chaired by through his State of Procurement Address (SOPAs). Brig Gen Elmer C Pabale AFP, reported During the Second Quarter Conference last July 30 at the highest residual with P130,421,948.13 Kthe AFPPS Headquarters, Col Javier enumerated significant or 21.28 percent of the Approved Budget achievements of the AFPPS, particularly in terms of improving the for the Contract (ABC) for projects it procurement operation. facilitated and implemented in 2013. “Much has been achieved since we introduced bold innovations Coming in at second was the and instituted noteworthy improvements in the Service. We will Philippine Air Force Procurement Center continue to strive harder to make AFPPS more responsive that implemented PAF projects undertaken and efficient,” says Col Javier. -
AFPPS Units Report More Than P325 Million Residuals for 1St Semester
2nd Quarter 2015 • Vol. 1 No. 8 AFPPS: The first government procurement office to earn ISO Certification The Armed Forces of the Philippines in the government bureaucracy to obtain the Procurement Service (AFPPS) has coveted certification. earned ISO 9001:2008 Certification, The certification became the highlight becoming the first procurement office Turn to page 12 AFPPS units report more than P325 million residuals for 1st Semester CY 2015 In conjunction with the five AFP Philippine Army Procurement Center Bids and Awards Committees (BACs), (PAPC), under Col Joel I Enrile (GSC) PA, various AFP Procurement Service with a total residual of P47,032,145.37 (AFPPS) units reported more than or 4.6 percent of the ABC for the projects P325 million residuals in favor of the the PAPC facilitated and implemented in government for the first semester of conjunction with the PABAC, headed by Col Javier receives the ISO 9001:2008 Calendar Year 2015. Brig Gen Roland M Albano AFP. Certification from Mr Tristan Arwen Registering the highest saving was The PAPC also led other AFPPS G Loveres and Ms Heide M Mateo, the Philippine Air Force Procurement units in generating savings in favor of the Chief Operating Officer and Deputy Center (PAFPC), under Lt Col Pedro government through alternative modes of COO, respectively, of TUV Rheinland Pedro S Francisco III PAF (GSC), with a procurement with P52,663,057.58 through Philippines Inc. total of P159,316,817.25 residuals. the proper conduct of canvassing of the The amount represents 20.6 PAPC Canvass/Contracting Committee. percent of the Approved Budget for the The General Headquarters (GHQ) AFPPS strengthens Contract (ABC) for the projects the Procurement Center, under Lt Col Quality Management PAFPC facilitated and implemented in Prudencio A Iddoba (OS) PA, placed at conjunction with the PAF BAC, headed second in generating residual through System with by Maj Gen Isagani P Silva AFP. -
TABLE 1: Violations of Civil & Political Rights Under the Noynoy Aquino
April - July 2014 Released by KARAPATAN (Alliance for the Advancement of People’s Rights) TABLE 1: Violations of Civil & Political Rights under the Noynoy Aquino Government (July 2010 to June 2014) atapulted into power on the merit of his parents’ Violation No. of victims legacy, Benigno S. Aquino easily and quickly used up Extrajudicial Killing 204 Call of his parents’ magic. Enforced Disappearance 21 Torture 99 In his fourth year Aquino faced the Filipino people in power, BS Aquino in his State of the Nation Address Rape 3 can no longer hide in with three impeachment complaints Frustrated Extrajudicial Killing 207 his parents’ cloak. The hanging over his head—a portent Illegal Arrest without Detention 272 rotten presidential and of more things to come for the Illegal Arrest and Detention 664 congressional pork in Cojuangco-Aquino scion. Illegal Search and Seizure 270 his cauldron stinks The impeachment cases against up the whole country, BS Aquino—two complaints for his Physical Assault and Injury 395 making the Filipino insistence on his presidential pork, the Demolition 17,145 people sick. His decrepit Disbursement Acceleration Program Violation of Domicile 504 deodorizing potions or (DAP), and one complaint for signing Destruction of Property 12,694 witching incantations the Enhanced Defense Cooperation of “inclusive economic Agreement (EDCA) with the Obama Divestment of Property 355 growth”, “infrastructure Administration—all sum up to BS Forced Evacuation 39,800 development”, “pro- Aquino’s betrayal of public trust and Threat/Harassment/Intimidation 65,712 human rights”, culpable violation of the Constitution. Indiscriminate Firing 9,932 “disaster preparedness”, Caught with a steady decline of and benefits of the his performance rating and of people’s Forced/Fake Surrender 57 Disbursement Acceleration outrage, BS Aquino resorted to Forced Labor/Involuntary 172 Program (DAP) cannot emotional blackmail by again tearfully Servitude blind the nation’s eyes.