DOCSLIB.ORG

2017-Zabalam.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2017-Zabalam.Pdf Realle • • 8 Begründet van E. Ebeling und B. Meissner fartgeführt van E. Weidner, W. van Sacien und D. O. Edzard herausgegeben van M. P. Streck unter Mitwirkung van G. Frantz-Szabó · M. Krebernik ·D. Marandi Banacassi J. N. Pastgate · U. Seidl · M. Stal · G. Wilhelm Redaktian A. Bramanti ·J. Fechner · M. Greiner ·S. Heigl · N. Marella Band 15 · 3./4. Lieferung Za-Zeder. B 2017 Sanderdruck De Gruyter 170 ZABAJA - ZABALA/U(M) Brinkman, MSKH 1, 3 21f.; O. Pedersén, ADOG Early Dynastic IIIa. - § 5. The Early Dynastic 25 (2005) 93-101. Illb period. - § 6. The Sargonic period. - § 7. The Ur III period. - § 8. The Old Babylonian J. A. Brinkman period. § 1. Writing and reading. The name Zabaja. Vierter Konig von Larsa ':· (A. of the city of Z., spelled ABª.MÜSª' is first § 3.2) Mitre des 20. Jhs. Nachfolger seines a ttested in a small fragment of a ta blet Vaters Samium ::- , Vorganger seines Bruders dated to the Uruk III period (ca. 3100-2900) Gungunum':-. Zeitgenosse von ISme-Dagan':­ recording geographical names (ATU 3, und Lipit-IStar':- von Isin. Der Konigsliste 54 pl. 78 W 20266,148: Geography X), and von Larsa zufolge regierte er 9 Jahre (Ko­ in the archaic city seals of Gamdat Na~r nigslisten':- und Chroniken. B. § 3.1). Es sind (MSVO 2, fig. 1oa: 64, p. 3 5-37). lts name keine Jahresnamen überliefert. was most probably found also on the sixth In seinen Inschriften bezeichnet sich Z. line of the Archaic City List (ATU 3, 145- als rabian Amurrim. In der neu- oder spat­ 150), a line that can be restored thanks to bab. Abschrift einer Weihinschrift für Nanse the ED Illa version of the list (IAS 21 i 6: wird er auíSerdem als Konig (l uga l) betitelt MÜS.UNUG // SF 23 i 6: MÜS.AB). The (RIME 4.2.4.3 =F. N. H. al-Rawi, Iraq 64 two signs of the compound logogram used [2002] 247f.). Die Bauinschrift RIME 4.2.4.1 in this and the following periods to write berichtet von der Errichtung des Ebabbar­ the name of Z. stood for the city-goddess Tempels in Larsa. Darüber hinaus wird Z. Inana (MÚS; Inanna ::·mrar. A. § 1) and in einem fragm. Brief aus Girsu erwahnt, probably for "place" or a kind of building der auf ein Abhangigkeitsverhaltnis zu (AB/UNUG); this fact makes uncertain other Isin':- hinweist (D. Arnaud, RA 71 [1977] 3-8 possible occurrences of the city name in = AbB 14, 10). Weiter wird er auf einem UrukIII texts (ZATU 613), which could Dienersiegel genannt (RIME 4.2.4.2001 = also be taken for the name of a temple ded­ D. Weisberg, JCS 41 [1989] 194-198). icated to Inana (Szarzynska 1992, 271; SchlieíSlich wurde eine unvollstandig erhal­ Lecompte 2009, 129 ). The phonetic com­ tene Bauinschrift in Maskan-sapir':- gefun­ plement /za/ was soon added to the com­ den (RIME 4.2.4.2 = Steinkeller 2004b, pound logogram MÜS.AB/UNUG (SF 57 vi 146), was darauf hindeutet, dass der Ort 9: MÜS.ZA.UNUG // IAS 46 V 6: ZA.­ bereits unter Z. zum Herrschaftsgebiet von MÜS.UNUG, ED Illa cultic personel list; Larsa gehbrte (Steinkeller 2004a; id. 2004b). IAS 53 ii' 7': ZA.MÜS.UNUG), but it was D. R. Frayne, ZA 88 (1998) 26f. schlagt not widely used until the second half of the vor, Z. habe auch Kontrolle über das nahe­ Ur III Dyn. and the Old Bab. period. The gelegene Nippur~· (A. 11. § 2) erlangt. high number of spellings used for Z. can be Charpin D. 2004: Des origines a Zabaya summarized as follow~:vza bala 5 (MÜS.AB) (2025-1933), Annaherungen 4, 69f. - Fitzge­ and zabala6 (AB.MUS) were preferred rJ ld M. A. 2002: The rulers of Larsa (PhD Diss. during the ED IIIb and Old Akk. periods; Yale Univ.) 35-37. - Steinkeller P. 2004a: A in the Ur III period the most common spell­ history of Mashkan-shapir and its role in the kingdom of Lusa, in: E. C. Stone/P. Zimansky, ing was zabala(MÜS.UNUG), although The anatomy of a Mesopotamian city: survey zabala4 (MÜS.ZA.UNUG), zabala 5 and and soundings at Mashkan-shapir, 26-42; id. zabala 6 are also found; during the Old 2004b: A building inscription of Sin-iddinam Bab. period zabala(ZA.MÚS.UNUG) and and other inscribed materials from Abu Duwari, in: Stone/Zimansky, o. c. 13 5-152. zábala(ZA.MÜS.UNUG) were favored. The reading lzabala(m)I for this com­ J. Wende pound logogram was established by Fal­ kenstein (1941-1944, 115) on the basis of Diri III 111 (za-ba-lam = ZA.MÚS.• Zabala/u(m). UNUG.KI = supalu, MSL 15, 140) and Old § i. Writing and reading. - § 2. Location and ex­ Bab. cultic texts (Sjoberg/Bergmann, TH cavation. - § 3. Sources. - § 4. From Uruk III to 116); cf. also SVJAD 2: 2, 8, 14 (é dlnana ZABALNU(M) 171 Za-ba-laki, Old Bab.). A reading Izaba­ only the already known Old Bab. temple of /ami for the Ur III period, proposed by lnana was found, together with a founda­ Steinkeller 1985, is supported by the tion statuette of Warad-Sí'n':· (al-Subaihawiy PN Ur-Zabalamki.lám (seal impression on 2003-2004). Unfortunately, looting con­ MVN 4, 21 and SACT 2, 138), while tinued after the Second Gulf War so inten­ Izaba/a/ would be the standard pronuncia­ sively that lbzeb is today almost completely tion in the Old Bab. period. An alternative destroyed and virtually irrecoverable to ar­ reading possibly related to Sugal, the Akk. chaeology. name of the city (Proto-Diri Ni. 257 and Another city named Z., attested in Old Bab. texts Proto-Diri Oxf. 183, MSL 15, 20 and 42, (ARM 9, 241: 8; ARM 23, 86: 53), was located in etc.), has been suggested by Marchesi the district of Terqa':· (Charpin 2003, 31). (2011, 19) for Sarg. Umma texts on the basis of the writing of the locative AB.­ § 3. Sources. Texts from the temple of MÚSki_l a (Nik. 2, 49). For S/Sugallitu(m)\ lnana at Z. were illegally excavated in the the Akk. name of lnana of Z., see Anbar late 192os and appeared on the antiquities 197 5' 124. market around 1930. These documents, studied by Powell (1978; add texts listed by § 2. Location and excavation. Z. Ba uer, Annaherungen 1, 4 3 2 n. 3, and Fos­ was identified with mod. lbzel}/Buzaib by ter 1994, 4 50), date to the reign of Lugal­ the South Mesopotamian Mound Survey in zagesi \ except for a small gro u p of ta blets 1954 (Goetze 1955; cf. Hallo 1980). The from Umma that could belong to the ruler­ identification was based on an inscribed ship of Me'anedu (Almamori 2014, 18). Af­ brick found in lbzeb dated to the time ter the First Gulf War, the region where the of tJammurapi, that commemorated the sites 9f lbzeb, Umm al-'Aqarib, Smid, and building of a temple dedicated to "lnana of Tall Gül}a are located was systematically Z." (RIME 4, 352; photograph: al-Subai­ looted, and hundreds of tablets found their hawiy 2003-2004, 187); many more bricks way onto the antiquities market (cf. Umma ::­ with this inscription were also reponed to B. § 3 ). Given their origin, the attribution have been found in situ, in the walls of a building of lbzel}, during the Warka Survey of the tablets to Z. or to other cities in this (Adams/Nissen 1972, 217). Likewise, sorne Umma region is frequently hard to estab­ tablets (apud Powell 1978, 7) and a bowl lish. About 180 tablets allegedly from Z. dedicated to "lnana of Z." (RIME 4, 303f.) have been or will be published mainly by were said to come from lbzeb {Stephens Pomponio/Stol/Westenholz (Banca d'ltalia 1937, 14). 2; 49 tablets, ED Illb and OAkk.; cf. Schra­ The site of lbzeh is located sorne 8 km N kamp, Biür. 6 5 [2008] 670-673 ), Milone of Tall Gül}a (Um~a ::- ) and 14 km NNW of (2005; 20 tablets, ED Illb), Monaco (2011; Umm al-'Aqarib respectively. lt was ex­ 17 tablets, but probably more; ED Illb), plored during the Warka Survey, which Westenholz ( 2014; ca. 20 tablets, ED Illb documented surface materials dated from and OAkk.), Bartash (2013 and 2017; the Middle Uruk to the Old Bab. period ca. 50 tablets, ED Illb), and NotiziaNisi­ (Adams 1981, 99 T7, 172 Ti4, no. 169). cato (2016, 34 =CUSAS 33; ca. 22 tablets, The site was heavily looted after the First ED Illb). Where a provenance from Z. can Gulf War, and hence excavations were un­ be determined for these documents, the ar­ dertaken by the State Board of Antiquities chive of the temple of lnana seems to be and Heritage in Iraq during 2001 and 2002 the place of origin, although in sorne cases with the aim of protecting it. These excava­ other big households like "the palace" (e. g. tions have raised sorne doubts on the iden­ Banca d'Italia 2, l-46) could also be the ori­ tification of Ibzeb with Z. (Almamori 2014, gin of part of the texts (Schrakamp, BiOr. 4 n. 6), since no ED remains were recog­ 6 5, 673 ). Texts from Z. dated to la ter nized during the archaeological work (but periods were possibly also illegally exca­ cf. the above-mentioned Warka Survey); vated and have not been yet identified. 172 ZABALA/U(M) § 4. From Uruk 111 to Early Dynas­ sanga of Z. ruler of Umma tic Illa. During the Uruk 111 period, Z.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2210 Bc 2200 Bc 2190 Bc 2180 Bc 2170 Bc 2160 Bc 2150 Bc 2140 Bc 2130 Bc 2120 Bc 2110 Bc 2100 Bc 2090 Bc
    2210 BC 2200 BC 2190 BC 2180 BC 2170 BC 2160 BC 2150 BC 2140 BC 2130 BC 2120 BC 2110 BC 2100 BC 2090 BC Fertile Crescent Igigi (2) Ur-Nammu Shulgi 2192-2190BC Dudu (20) Shar-kali-sharri Shu-Turul (14) 3rd Kingdom of 2112-2095BC (17) 2094-2047BC (47) 2189-2169BC 2217-2193BC (24) 2168-2154BC Ur 2112-2004BC Kingdom Of Akkad 2234-2154BC ( ) (2) Nanijum, Imi, Elulu Imta (3) 2117-2115BC 2190-2189BC (1) Ibranum (1) 2180-2177BC Inimabakesh (5) Ibate (3) Kurum (1) 2127-2124BC 2113-2112BC Inkishu (6) Shulme (6) 2153-2148BC Iarlagab (15) 2121-2120BC Puzur-Sin (7) Iarlaganda ( )(7) Kingdom Of Gutium 2177-2171BC 2165-2159BC 2142-2127BC 2110-2103BC 2103-2096BC (7) 2096-2089BC 2180-2089BC Nikillagah (6) Elulumesh (5) Igeshaush (6) 2171-2165BC 2159-2153BC 2148-2142BC Iarlagash (3) Irarum (2) Hablum (2) 2124-2121BC 2115-2113BC 2112-2110BC ( ) (3) Cainan 2610-2150BC (460 years) 2120-2117BC Shelah 2480-2047BC (403 years) Eber 2450-2020BC (430 years) Peleg 2416-2177BC (209 years) Reu 2386-2147BC (207 years) Serug 2354-2124BC (200 years) Nahor 2324-2176BC (199 years) Terah 2295-2090BC (205 years) Abraham 2165-1990BC (175) Genesis (Moses) 1)Neferkare, 2)Neferkare Neby, Neferkamin Anu (2) 3)Djedkare Shemay, 4)Neferkare 2169-2167BC 1)Meryhathor, 2)Neferkare, 3)Wahkare Achthoes III, 4)Marykare, 5)............. (All Dates Unknown) Khendu, 5)Meryenhor, 6)Neferkamin, Kakare Ibi (4) 7)Nykare, 8)Neferkare Tereru, 2167-2163 9)Neferkahor Neferkare (2) 10TH Dynasty (90) 2130-2040BC Merenre Antyemsaf II (All Dates Unknown) 2163-2161BC 1)Meryibre Achthoes I, 2)............., 3)Neferkare, 2184-2183BC (1) 4)Meryibre Achthoes II, 5)Setut, 6)............., Menkare Nitocris Neferkauhor (1) Wadjkare Pepysonbe 7)Mery-........, 8)Shed-........, 9)............., 2183-2181BC (2) 2161-2160BC Inyotef II (-1) 2173-2169BC (4) 10)............., 11)............., 12)User......
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Old Babylonian History
    PIHANS • XL Studies in Old Babylonian History by Marten Stol Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul 1976 UITGA YEN VAN HET NEDERLANDS HISTORISCH-ARCHAEOLOGISCH INSTITUUT TE lSTANBUL Publications de l'Institut historique et archeologique neerlandais de Stamboul sous la direction de E. VAN DONZEL, Pauline H. E. DONCEEL-VOUTE, A. A. KAMPMAN et Machteld J. MELLINK XL STUDIES IN OLD BABYLONIAN HISTORY STUDIES IN OLD BABYLONIAN HISTORY by MARTEN STOL NEDERLANDS HISTORISCH-ARCHAEOLOGISCH INSTITUUT TE !STANBUL 1976 Copyright 1976 by Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten Noordeindsplein 4-6, Leiden All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form I.S.B.N. 90 6258 040 8 Printed in Belgium CONTENTS page PREFACE . IX l. A DATE LIST CONTAINING YEAR NAMES OF WARAD-SIN AND RIM-SIN 1 1. The date list . 2. The year names of Warad-Sin 6 3. The year names of Rim-Sin . 18 4. The year names of Sin-iqi:Sam 23 5. Sabium of Baby1on in Southern Babylonia 27 6. Synchronisms of Gungunum and kings of Isin 29 7. Bur-Sin and Sumu-el . 30 Il. UNIDENTIFIED YEAR NAMES OF HAMMURABI 32 Ill. RIM-SIN Il . 44 1. The ninth year of Samsu-iluna 44 2. Two archives . 45 3. Evidence from other texts 47 4. Intercalary months and the calendar 48 5. The defeat of Rim-Sin II 50 6. The events of Samsu-iluna year 10 52 7. Rim-Sin II, years (a) and (b) 53 8. The aftermath 55 Appendixes 56 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • The Uruk Countryside
    The Uruk Countryside The Uruk Countryside The Natural Setting of Urban Societies Robert McC. Adams and Hans J.Nissen The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 1972 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1972 Printed in the United States of America International Standard Book Number: 0-226-00500-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-179489 ERRATA: This map replaces figure 1, pages 2-3. The overlay showing the location of dunes and seasonal swamps is erroneously placed on the original. -- - - I % ^ 173 ? I I I )194(1*195l .! \\ 31030'N.LAT. \, m0 z 261 387 j\·388298 ý4O0 R' o o10 20 KM. I I I BAT- Contents Illustrations vii Preface ix 1 CONFIGURATIONS OF SETTLEMENT Robert McC. Adams xi 1. Physiographic Characteristics and Problems 1 2. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Early Urbanization 9 3. Continuity and Change in Early Historic Settlements and Watercourses 35 Historical and Topographical Notes: Ur III- Old Babylonian Periods Hans J. Nissen 4. Resettlement and Abandonment in Later Antiquity 55 5. Recent Life and Settlement 67 6. The Uruk/Warka Region in Historic and Comparative Perspective 85 2 ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURFACE COLLECTIONS Hans J. Nissen 95 7. Typological Dating Criteria 97 8. Surface Collections 105 Appendix: Catalog of Surveyed Sites 219 Robert McC. Adams Index 239 Illustrations 1. Topographic map of ancient sites and water- 18. Cassite-Middle Babylonian settlements and courses in the Warka region 2-3 watercourses 40 2. Early Uruk and earlier sites 10 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesopotamian Chronicles Writings from the Ancient World
    Mesopotamian Chronicles Writings from the Ancient World Theodore J. Lewis, General Editor Associate Editors Billie Jean Collins Jerrold S. Cooper Edward L. Greenstein Jo Ann Hackett Richard Jasnow Ronald J. Leprohon C. L. Seow Niek Veldhuis Number 19 Mesopotamian Chronicles by Jean-Jacques Glassner Edited by Benjamin R. Foster MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONICLES by Jean-Jacques Glassner Edited by Benjamin R. Foster Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta Mesopotamian Chronicles Copyright © 2004 Society of Biblical Literature Original title: Chroniques Mésopotamiennes, presentées et traduités par Jean-Jacques Glassner, copyright © 1993 by Les Belles Lettres, Paris. English translation arranged with the approval of Les Belles Lettres from the original French edition, including additional material supplied by the author. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Glassner, Jean-Jacques. [Mésopotamie. English] Mesopotamian chronicles / by Jean-Jacques Glassner ; edited by Benjamin R. Foster. p. cm. — (Writings from the ancient world ; no. 19) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 1-58983-090-3 (paper binding : alk. paper) 1. Iraq—Civilization—To 634. I. Foster, Benjamin R. (Benjamin Read) II. Title. III. Series. DS73.2.G5313 2004a 935—dc22 2004012445 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) and ISO 9706:1994 standards for paper permanence.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesopotamian History and Environment Memoirs
    oi.uchicago.edu MESOPOTAMIAN HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT SERIES II MEMOIRS oi.uchicago.edu MESOPOTAMIAN HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT Editors: L. De Meyer and H. Gasche SERIES II MEMOIRS Advisory Board: J.A. Armstrong (Cambridge MA), C. Bonnet (Geneva), P. Buringh (Wageningen), D. Charpin (Paris), M. Civil (Chicago), S.W. Cole (Helsinki), McG. Gibson (Chicago), B. Hrouda (Miinchen), J.-L. Huot (Paris), J.N. Postgate (Cambridge UK), M.-J. Steve (Nice), M. Tanret (Ghent), F. Vallat (Paris), and K. Van Lerberghe (Leuven). Communications for the editors should be addressed to : MESOPOTAMIAN HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT University of Ghent Sint-Pietersplein 6 B-9000 GHENT Belgium oi.uchicago.edu MESOPOT AMI AN HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT SERIES II MEMOIRS IV DATING THE FALL OF BABYLON A REAPPRAISAL OF SECOND-MILLENNIUM CHRONOLOGY (A JOINT GHENT-CHICAGO-HARVARD PROJECT) by H. GASCHE, J.A. ARMSTRONG, S.W. COLE and V.G. GURZADYAN Published by the University of Ghent and the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago 1998 oi.uchicago.edu Abbreviation of this volume : MHEM IV © University of Ghent and the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago D/1998/0634/1 (Belgium) ISBN 1-885923-10-4 (USA) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98-84354 Printed in Belgium The fonts used are based on Cun6iTyp 1 designed by D. Charpin. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the publishers. This volume presents research results of an 'Interuniversity Poles of Attraction Programme - Belgian State, Prime Minister's Office - Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs.' oi.uchicago.edu CONTENTS PREFACE 1 CHAPTER 1 : PRESENT SOURCES FOR THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM 5 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix to Chapter 5
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/25842 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Boer, Rients de Title: Amorites in the Early Old Babylonian Period Issue Date: 2014-05-28 Year Babylon Sippar Kiš Damrum/Kiš’vicinity Marad Isin Larsa Kisurra Uruk Ešnunna Aššur Tutub Nêrebtum Šaduppûm Uzarlulu Šadlaš Diniktum Dēr Malgium Šimaški & Other/Remarks Sukkalmah 2004 Išbi-Erra 15 Yamṣium 1 ≈Kirikiri 2003 Išbi-Erra 16 2002 Išbi-Erra 17 Kindadu Fall or Ur at the hand of Šimaški/Elam 2001 Išbi-Erra 18 2000 Išbi-Erra 19 Idadu I 1999 Išbi-Erra 20 1998 Išbi-Erra 21 ≈Puzur-Aššur I 1997 Išbi-Erra 22 1996 Išbi-Erra 23 1995 Išbi-Erra 24 ≈Bilalama ≈Ilum- ≈Šu-Kakka ≈Tan-ruhuratir II mutabbil 1994 Išbi-Erra 25 1993 Išbi-Erra 26 1992 Išbi-Erra 27 ≈ Šalim-ahum From here on: sukkalmah dynasty 1991 Išbi-Erra 28 1990 Išbi-Erra 29 1989 Išbi-Erra 30 1988 Išbi-Erra 31 1987 Išbi-Erra 32 1986 Šu-Ilīšu 1 1985 Šu-Ilīšu 2 1984 Šu-Ilīšu 3 ≈Ilušuma 1983 Šu-Ilīšu 4 1982 Šu-Ilīšu 5 1981 Šu-Ilīšu 6 1980 Šu-Ilīšu 7 1979 Šu-Ilīšu 8 1978 Šu-Ilīšu 9 ≈Nidnūša ? ≈Nabi- 1977 Šu-Ilīšu 10 Enlil 1976 Iddin-Dagan 1 Samium 1 1975 ≈Išar-ramašu ≈Ebarat II 1974 1973 1972 Šu-Ištar 1 King: Erišum I 1971 Šukkutum 1970 Iddin-ilum 1969 Šu-Anum 1968 Inah-ilī 5 ≈Silhaha 1967 Suetaya 1966 Daya 1965 Ilī-ellitī ≈Temti-Agun I 1964 Šamaš-ṭāb 1963 Agusa 10 1962 Idnaya 1961 Quqādum 1960 Puzur-Ištar ≈Šu- 1959 Lā-qēpum Amurru ≈Pala-iššan 1958 Šu-Laban 15 1957 Šu-Bēlum 1956 Nabi-Sîn 1955 Išme-Dagan 1 Hadaya 1954 Ennam-Aššur 1953 Ikūnum 20 ≈Iram-x- 1952 ≈Uṣur-awassu
    [Show full text]
  • Ashur - Assyria
    Ashur - Assyria Assyria, Athura (Aramaic for Assyria), or Aššur (Akkadian for Assyria) was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early–24th century BC to 605 BC.[1] Assyria was centered on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq). The Assyrians came to rule powerful empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur/Ashur (Akkadian: ��� .(Āšūr آشور :Aššûr; Arabic ַאּׁשּור :Aṯur; Hebrew אתור :� Aššūrāyu; Aramaic As part of the greater Mesopotamian civilization, Assyria was at its height a highly advanced nation for its time in terms of architecture, engineering, agriculture, economics, civil service, mathematics, medicine, literature,military technology, law, astronomy and libraries/record keeping. A number of Assyrian kings showed an early interest in botany and zoology also.[1] Assyria was also sometimes known as Subartu, and after its fall, from 605 BC through to the late 7th century AD variously as Athura, Syria (Greek), Assyria (Latin) and Assuristan. The term Assyria can also refer to the geographic region or heartland where Assyria, its empires and the Assyrian people were and still are centred. The modern Assyrian Christian minority in northern Iraq, north east Syria, south east Turkey and north west Iranare the descendants of the ancient Assyrians (see Assyrian continuity).[2][3] Assyria originally was one of a number of Akkadian city states in Mesopotamia. In the late 24th century BC, Assyrian kings were regional leaders only, and subject to Sargon of Akkad who united all the Akkadian Semitesand Sumerian speaking peoples of Mesopotamia under the Akkadian Empire which lasted from c.
    [Show full text]
  • High Priestess in Mesopotamia (Ur, Ca. 2300-1100 BCE) and Egypt (Thebes, Ca
    King’s Daughter, God’s Wife: The Princess as High Priestess in Mesopotamia (Ur, ca. 2300-1100 BCE) and Egypt (Thebes, ca. 1550-525 BCE) Lloyd D. Graham Abstract The practice of a king appointing his daughter as the High Priestess and consort of an important male deity arose independently in the Ancient Near East and Egypt. In Mesopotamia, the prime example of such an appointee was the EN-priestess of Nanna (EPN), spouse of the moon-god Nanna/Sin at Ur; in Egypt, its most important embodiment was the God’s Wife of Amun (GWA), consort of the creator-god Amun(- Re) at Thebes. Both institutions operated – with interruptions and periods of uncertainty – for about a millennium (Ur, ca. 2288-1104 BCE; Thebes, ca. 1552-525 BCE). The office of EPN began strongly, with a peak period that lasted ca. 525 years, whereas the GWA’s heyday came at the end of its trajectory and lasted only half as long (ca. 265 years). In both cases, the incumbents were powerful royal figures who served as spiritual and economic leaders of their communities. The cultic roles of the EPN and GWA were similar, and the “god’s wife” role of both has attracted similar academic controversies over their sexual, marital and maternal status. This paper, which provides the first systematic comparison of the two institutions, focuses on comparing the two offices in their respective periods of peak strength. The analysis reveals that the High Priestesses were typically political appointments made in turbulent times, often to help the king secure control over a remote region and/or rival institution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elamite Cylinder Seal Corpus, C.3500 – 1000 BC
    The Elamite Cylinder Seal Corpus, c.3500 – 1000 BC Volume I, Part I K. J. Roach Doctor of Philosophy, (Near Eastern) Archaeology 2008 The University of Sydney Table of Contents Volume I Part I Table of Contents page i Synopsis vi Acknowledgments vii List of figures ix List of tables xi List of graphs xxi 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Glyptic Studies 8 1.1.1. Seals and Sealings 8 1.1.2. The Function of Cylinder Seals 10 1.1.3. Materials of Seals 17 1.1.4. Seal Production 43 1.1.5. Nature of Study: Art History or Archaeology? 43 1.2. Parameters of the current study 45 1.2.1. ‘Elam’ 45 1.2.2. Chronology 48 1.3. Summation 51 2. History, Chronology and Archaeology of Elam, c.3500 – 1000 BC 54 2.1. History and Chronology of Elam 55 2.1.1. Susa II 56 2.1.2. Susa III 57 2.1.3. Susa IV 59 2.1.4. Akkadian and Awan 61 2.1.5. Ur III and Shimashki 66 2.1.6. Sukkalmah 71 2.1.7. Middle Elamite Period 78 2.2. Archaeology 100 2.2.1. Khuzistan 102 2.2.2. Luristan 170 2.2.3. Fars 223 2.3. Summation 242 ECS Corpus, Volume I, Part I i 3. Construction of the Elamite Cylinder Seal Styles Paradigm, the Methodology 261 3.1. Provenance and Stratigraphy 264 3.2. Previous Analyses and Classifications, Literature Review 272 3.2.1. Amiet 276 3.2.2. Pittman 283 3.2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mesopotamian Kings List
    TThhee MMeessooppoottaammiiaann KKiinnggss LLiisstt Ashur Cherry The Mesopotamian Kings List Ashur Cherry York University Toronto, Ontario I dedicate this work to all the members of the Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party, the Assyrian National Congress, and the Bet-Nahrain Organization in particular and Dr. Sargon Dadesho. Their hard work and great achievements are fully appreciated. I wish them great success in all their undertakings for the bright future that is awaiting them! Copyright © 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. Acknowledgement I am, as usual, grateful to my friends, especially Dr. Goliath Nessan, Mr. Mirza Shmoil, Ms. Iannuzziello, Ms. Zuccarelli, Mr. Durnan, Mr. Storoschuck, Ms. Clarke, Mr. Stuart, and Miss Smith for the encouragement that I have always received from them in publishing my previous books, journal entries and developing my software. Also, I am personally would like to thank my father, Petros Cherry, for his great support and encouragement that I always get from him. Finally, if you have any comments regarding this book or suggestions for my next one, please feel free to E-mail me at [email protected] GOOD LUCK AND GOOD RESEARCH! Ashur Cherry September 18th, 2004 Table of Contents Contents Page # Early Dynastic Period ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • ARCANE III History & Philology ARCANE
    ARCANE III History & Philology ARCANE Associated Regional Chronologies for the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean History & Philology Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds) With contributions by A. Archi, M. G. Biga, K. De Graef, G. Marchesi, F. Pomponio, W. Sallaberger, I. Schrakamp, W. Sommerfeld, H. Steible & P. Steinkeller FH The European Science Foundation (ESF) is an independent, non-governmental organisation, the members of which are 79 national funding agencies, research-performing agencies, academies and learned societies from 30 countries. The strength of ESF lies in its influential membership and in its ability to bring together the different domains of European science in order to meet the challenges of the future. Since its establishment in 1974, ESF, which has its headquarters in Strasbourg with offices in Brussels and Ostend, has assembled a host of organisations that span all disciplines of science, to create a common platform for cross-border cooperation in Europe. ESF is dedicated to promote collaboration in scientific research, funding of research and science policy across Europe. Through its activities and instruments ESF has made major contributions to science in a global context. The ESF covers the following scientific domains: • Humanities • Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences • Medical Sciences • Physical and Engineering Sciences • Social Sciences • Marine Sciences • Materials Science • Nuclear Physics • Polar Sciences • Radio Astronomy • Space Sciences Walther SALLABERGER & Ingo SCHRAKAMP (eds) History & Philology (= ARCANE III), Brepols, Turnhout, 2015 A4, sewn, xvi + 445 pages Contents: Early Bronze Age, Chronology, 3rd millennium, History, Cuneiform, Uruk, Fara period, Presargonic period, Sargonic period, Akkad Empire, Gutean period, Ur III empire, Historical Geography Areas: Mesopotamia, Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, Iraq, Jezirah, Upper Mesopotamia, Syria, Iran All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Unpublished Old Babylonian
    DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Unpublished Old Babylonian Letters in the Slemani Museum (Selected Letters) Volume I Ardalan Khwshnaw 2018 Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Humanities DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Ardalan Khwshnaw Unpublished Old Babylonian Letters in the Slemani Museum (Selected Letters) Volume I Doctoral School of History, Dr. Gábor Erdödy, head of Doctoral School Assyriology Program, Dr. Tamás Dezső, head of Doctoral program Members of the Committee and their academic degree: president: Dr. Tamás Dezső head of Doctoral program reviewer : Dr. Csabai Zoltan PhD. reviewer: Dr. Adám Vér PhD. member: Dr. Buhály Attila PhD. secretary: Dr. Zoltán Niederreiter PhD. Supervisors: Dr. Gábor Kalla PhD., habilitated university docens and Dr. András Bácskay PhD. Budapest, 2018 Table of Contents Knowledeg ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter I: An Introduction to Old Babylonian Letters I.1. A Survey of Old Babylonian Letters Publications …………………………… ...................... 5 I.2. The Provenance of Old Babylonian Letters ………………………………… ...................... 21 I.3. The General Form of Old Babylonian Letters ……………………………… ....................... 34 I.3.1. Simple Formula ………………………………………………………………….. ......... 34 I.3.1.1. ana PN (Recipient/Addresser)………………………. ............................................
    [Show full text]