2018 International Geography Bee 6. Which of the following best defines the term ‘ancient International Geography Exam - Part 1 lake’? A. lakes of a specific geologic composition containing mostly metamorphic rocks Instructions – This portion of the IGB Exam consists of B. a lake containing certain types of aquatic species 100 questions. You will receive two points for a correct not found in other freshwater areas answer. You will lose one point for an incorrect answer. C. a lake that has consistently carried water for more Blank responses lose no points. Please fill in the bubbles than 1 million years completely on the answer sheet. You may write on the D. any lake that was formerly part of an ocean examination, but all responses must be bubbled on the answer sheet. Diacritic marks such as accents have been 7. In what district of Russia is Lake Baikal? omitted from place names and other proper nouns. You A. Ural have one hour to complete this set of multiple choice B. Siberia questions. C. Volga

D. North 1. All of these are true of megacities EXCEPT which of the following? 8. With regard to its formation, Lake Baikal is most similar A. there is dispute among academics and to which of the following? governmental organizations as to the precise A. Crater Lake in the United States definition of a megacity B. Lake Pontchartrain in the United States B. megacities are usually considered to be urban C. Lake Nasser in Egypt agglomerations of more than 10 million people D. the Rift Valley lakes of Africa C. most megacities in the world are in the Western

Hemisphere 9. Cape Angela, the northernmost point on the African D. some definitions of megacities include large cities continent, is located in what nation? with population density over 2,000 per square A. Tunisia kilometer B. Libya

C. Morocco 2. All of the following are urban agglomerations of more D. Algeria than 30 million people EXCEPT which of the following?

A. Guangzhou 10. All of these countries are part of the African Great B. Shanghai Lakes region EXCEPT which of the following? C. Jakarta A. Burundi D. Tokyo B. Kenya

C. Botswana 3. Taking into account metropolitan area, which of these D. Rwanda Southern Hemisphere cities has the largest urban agglomeration by population? 11. Ol Doinyo Lengai in is significant for which of A. Kinshasa the following reasons? B. Sao Paulo A. it is the highest point in Tanzania C. Rio de Janeiro B. it is the world’s only active D. Buenos Aires C. it is the highest point in Africa

D. it is the only active volcano in Africa 4. Which of these is the most densely populated megacity with a population over 20 million people? 12. Much of the Democratic Republic of the Congo would A. Manila be classified which of the following in the Koppen climate B. Shanghai system? C. Tokyo A. Af (equatorial) and Aw (tropical savanna) D. Seoul B. Cwa (humid subtropical)

C. Cfa (warm oceanic) and Cfb (temperate oceanic) 5. All of these are true of Lake Baikal EXCEPT which of D. Bwh (warm desert) the following?

A. it is an ancient lake 13. All of these drain into the White Nile EXCEPT which of B. it is the largest lake by area in Europe the following? C. it contains over 20% of the world’s fresh surface A. Lake Tanganyika water B. Lake Albert D. it is the deepest lake in the world C. Lake Victoria

D. Lake Edward

14. Which of these two countries in the Americas share 21. Hainan Island was disputed between which of the the world’s longest land border? following sets of East Asian nations in the 1950s? A. Chile and Argentina A. and Taiwan B. and the United States B. China and Japan C. Canada and the United States C. South Korea and Japan D. Argentina and Brazil D. South Korea and North Korea

15. Which of these cities is the capital of Suriname? 22. Which of these pairs are the two most common A. Georgetown religious affiliations in Japan? B. Paramaribo A. Buddhism and Christianity C. Belmopan B. Shinto and Buddhism D. Sucre C. Buddhism and ‘no affiliation’ D. Shinto and Christianity 16. Population density in Brazil is heaviest in which of the following areas? 23. Which of these is the second-largest ethnic group in A. the rain forests China? B. the Amazon Delta A. Han C. along the eastern and southeastern coast B. Tibetan D. the west and southwest C. Uyghur D. Zhuang 17. Crude petroleum, coal, and coffee are the three largest exports, in order from largest to smallest, of which 24. In order to reduce the environmental impact of South American nation? farming, the ‘locavore’ movement has begun to advocate A. Argentina all of these EXCEPT which of the following? B. Chile A. eating food produced within 100 miles of C. Peru consumption D. Colombia B. promoting sustainable, organic farming C. adopting a strict vegan lifestyle 18. Which of these best defines the term isogloss? D. patronizing farmers markets instead of grocery A. people within a country who speak the "native" stores for certain products language of a different country B. a relationship between languages or dialects in 25. In what region of the world is the HIV / AIDS crisis which speakers of different but related varieties most acute? can readily understand each other A. Southeast Asia C. a language area that is completely surrounded by B. Southern Africa a language border C. developing nations of Central America D. the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic D. Eastern Europe feature 26. All of these fall into the Uralic language family 19. Syncretism is best defined by which of the following? EXCEPT which of the following? A. the spread of ideas through writing or other forms A. Hungarian of literature B. Czech B. the merging or assimilation of several originally C. Estonian discrete traditions, especially in theology and D. Finnish religion C. the exchange of ideas and cultural practices via 27. All of these nations are among the top three countries immigration in HDI EXCEPT which of the following? D. the transition from an industrial to a postindustrial A. Norway economy B. Qatar C. Australia 20. Which of the following best describes the term D. latitude? A. location on the earth east or west of the Prime 28. All of these countries produce over 4 million metric Meridian tons of wine per year EXCEPT which of the following? B. the ratio between distances on a map and actual A. the United States distances B. Italy C. a guide to the symbols used to depict objects, C. Spain locations or landforms on a map D. France D. location on the earth north or south of the equator

29. All of these are among the Five Pillars of Islam 37. All of these European rivers flow into the Caspian Sea EXCEPT which of the following? EXCEPT which of the following? A. the declaration of faith A. Volga B. alms-giving or charity B. Kura C. fasting at certain times of year C. Pechora D. proselytizing or attempting to convert others D. Ural

30. All of these stimulate erosion EXCEPT which of the 38. Ben Nevis, the highest peak in the British Isles, is following? located in what area? A. planting trees A. Northern Ireland B. road construction B. Wales C. urban sprawl C. the Scottish Highlands D. intensive agriculture D. the south of England

31. The transportation of sediments along a coast parallel 39. Which of the following forms one of the traditional to the shoreline is known by what name? divisions between Europe and Asia? A. mass movement A. the Dinaric Alps B. longshore drift B. the Cantabrian Mountains C. plucking C. the Ural Mountains D. bank erosion D. the Carpathian Mountains

32. Geologically, which of these are signs of an impact 40. The large islands of Severny and Yuzhny make up crater on earth? what part of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia? A. and A. Kamchatka B. certain types of sandstone and sedimentary rock B. Novaya Zemlaya C. large deposits of igneous rock C. Franz Josef Land D. tektites and shocked quartz D. Svalbard

33. Which of these storms hit the Houston, Texas area in 41. The Boston Mountains and the St. Francois Mountains 2017, causing well over $100 billion worth of damage? collectively make up what American mountain range? A. Hurricane Wilma A. the Blue Ridge B. Hurricane Mitch B. the Great Smoky Mountains C. Hurricane Harvey C. the Ozarks D. Hurricane Andrew D. the Ouachita

34. Which of these South Asian nations has a flag 42. The Old River Control Structure controls the diversion comprised solely of a red circle on a green background? of water into the Atchafalaya River to do which of the A. Bhutan following? B. A. to regulate flow of the Mississippi River as it C. passes St. Louis, Missouri D. Bangladesh B. prevent the Mississippi River changing course into the Atchafalaya River 35. All of these describe the Maldives EXCEPT which of C. to enable upstream navigation on the Mississippi the following? and Atchafalaya Rivers A. it is located southeast of India and Sri Lanka D. prevent flooding above Vicksburg, Mississippi on B. it is composed of a chain of 26 atolls the Mississippi River C. its population is nearly 100% Muslim D. its total population is slightly less than 500,000 43. Badwater Basin in California holds what distinction in people the United States? A. it contains the most hypersaline lake in the United 36. After Hinduism, which of these is the second most States practiced religion in India? B. it is the source of the Colorado River A. Islam C. it has no native wildlife B. Christianity D. it is the lowest point in the United States, over 280 C. Jainism feet below sea level D. Sikhism 44. Which of these US states contains the rainiest spot in America? A. Louisiana B. Florida C. Hawaii D. Washington 45. Which of these is the largest city in New Zealand? 53. Which of these areas of the United States is the A. Auckland largest semi-enclave in the world? B. Wellington A. Puerto Rico C. Christchurch B. Florida D. Dunedin C. Alaska D. Guam 46. Most Polynesian islands and archipelagos, including the Hawaiian Islands and Samoa, were formed by which 54. Which of these is a semi-exclave of Azerbaijan, of the following methods? separated mostly by Armenia? A. strong A. South Ossetia B. volcanic islands formed by hotspots B. Abkhazia C. breaking off from larger continents over time C. Chechnya D. subduction of major tectonic plates D. Nakhchivan

47. All of these are true of Antarctica EXCEPT which of 55. Which of the following best defines topographic the following? prominence? A. it is the driest continent A. a ridge of rock that separates two valleys B. it has higher biodiversity than North America B. height of the peak’s summit above the lowest C. it is the windiest continent contour line encircling it but containing no higher D. it has the highest average elevation above sea summit within it level of all the continents C. the highest peak on any given landmass D. the hierarchy which defines whether some 48. Which of this group of countries scored highest on the mountains are subpeaks of others Environmental Performance Index in 2018? A. the Netherlands 56. Which of the following names the lowest point on a B. Japan mountain ridge between two peaks? C. Canada A. col D. the United States B. arete C. wind gap 49. Which of these countries has the longest combined D. double summit land border in the world? A. Russia 57. Which of the following is the most prominent point in B. the United States the Americas? C. China A. Denali D. Australia B. Chimborazo C. Mt. Whitney 50. Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety and D. Aconcagua standard form of which of the following subgroups of the Chinese language? 58. How many mountains over 7500 meters (24,606 feet) A. Yue tall are there in the Western Hemisphere? B. Mandarin A. 6 C. Xiang B. 4 D. Min C. 1 D. 0 51. Which of the following best defines the term ‘enclave’? A. an area exempted from the jurisdiction of a host 59. Of the ten highest peaks in the world, how many are country located at least partly in ? B. an elongated protrusion of a geographical entity A. 10 C. a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land B. 9 D. a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely C. 8 surrounded by the territory of one other state D. 7

51. Which of these are completely enclaved states? 60. Which of these is the highest peak in the Karakorum A. Monaco and Range? B. Andorra and San Marino A. C. San Marino and Vatical City B. D. Vatican City and Andorra C. I D. Broad Peak

61. On a map, the ratio of a distance on the map to the 68. The second-highest peak in the Hindu Kush and corresponding distance on the ground is known as which highest peak in Afghanistan is which of these? of the following? A. Noshaq A. legend B. Tora Bora B. point symbol C. Foladi Peak C. compass rose D. Safed Koh D. scale 69. Which of these mammals is the national animal of 62. In cartography, Tissot's indicatrix is a mathematical Bhutan? representation of which of the following problems with A. the takin (also known as the gnu goat) representing the earth on a map? B. the Bengal tiger A. labeling issues that cause place names and other C. the red panda labels to appear in the wrong place on maps D. the golden langur B. unreliable flight paths and sailing routes on small- scale aeronautical and nautical charts 70. Which of these European countries has a capital city C. changes in contour lines on large-scale that is NOT its country’s most populous? topographic maps A. Switzerland D. distortions in distance, angles and areas due to B. Germany map projection C. France D. Italy 63. All of these are true of energy production and consumption in the United States EXCEPT which of the 71. Ljubljana is the capital of what Eastern European following? nation? A. less than 5 percent of US energy comes from A. Slovakia renewable sources B. Slovenia B. nearly all of Canada’s energy exports go to the C. Croatia US D. Serbia C. the US has the tenth-highest rate of energy consumption per capita in the world 72. The Schengen Agreement is a 1985 treaty that D. the US is the world’s largest consumer of governs which of the following in its European petroleum signatories? A. monetary policy 64. Which of these best describes the form of government B. trade and tariffs of the United States? C. cooperation on military exercises and crisis A. direct democracy response B. parliamentary D. passport controls and internal border checks C. unitary D. federal republic 73. German, French, Italian, and Romansh are the official languages of what European nation? 65. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington were pioneers of A. Germany what American musical form? B. Belgium A. hip-hop C. Luxembourg B. rock D. Switzerland C. jazz D. rhythm and blues 74. An exposed element of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier is 66. Which of these is the most populous city in California? known by which of the following terms? A. San Francisco A. glacial island or nunatak B. San Diego B. fjell or fell C. Los Angeles C. paleic surface D. Sacramento D. cirque stairway

67. The Maldives holds which of the following geographic 75. Much of central Australia is covered by what two distinctions? biomes? A. it experiences very cold winters A. Mediterranean and temperate steppe B. it is the most isolated sovereign nation in the B. arid desert and semi-arid desert world C. subtropical dry forest and tree savanna C. it does not experience monsoons, unlike much of D. tree savanna and grass savanna the rest of South Asia D. it is the country with the lowest average elevation in the world

76. Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland, a large area of 83. Which of these is an international NGO concentrated interlocking basalt columns, was formed by which of the on alleviation of global poverty? following processes? A. Greenpeace A. weathering B. Amnesty International B. erosion C. Oxfam C. volcanic eruption D. UNESCO D. 84. The disaster at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 77. Which of these names the process by which soil, was primarily caused by which of these natural events? sand, regolith, and rock move downslope largely under the A. Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 force of gravity? B. the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami A. terracing C. the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami B. mass wasting D. Typhoon Lan in 2017 C. bioturbation D. drift 85. Which of these species is native to the Gobi Desert region? 78. According to UNESCO, the most culturally, ethnically, A. alpacas and linguistically diverse nation in the world is which of the B. Angora goats following? C. Bactrian camels A. China D. dromedaries B. Singapore C. Belgium 86. Which of these forms the border between China and D. Papua New Guinea North Korea? A. the Yellow River 79. Which of these best defines a pidgin? B. the Yangtze River A. the words of a given profession C. the Daedong River B. a simplified means of communication that D. the Yalu River develops between two or more groups that do not have a language in common 87. South Korea has all of the following climate types C. a stable natural language developed from a EXCEPT which of the following? mixture of different languages that can be used as A. tundra a native or first language B. warm continental D. the vocabulary of a language C. humid subtropical D. warm oceanic 80. Which of these is a non-Indo-European language isolate? 88. Which of these, also known as a tablemount, is an A. Serbo-Croat isolated underwater volcanic mountain with a flat top over B. Basque 200m below the surface of the sea? C. Turkish A. ridge D. Occitan B. trench C. hotspot 81. All of these are true of nongovernmental organizations D. guyot EXCEPT which of the following? A. they are usually non-profit and sometimes 89. The uppermost layer of water in a lake or ocean is international organizations referred to as which of the following? B. they are usually independent of governments and A. epipelagic zone international governmental organizations B. photic zone C. the United Nations is a specific example of an C. euphotic zone NGO D. aphotic zone D. they are active in are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy and 90. The Humboldt Current would have the most profound numerous other areas effect on the climate of which of the following cities? A. Lima, Peru 82. Médecins Sans Frontières and the International Red B. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Cross are nongovernmental organizations that address C. Dakar, Senegal which of the following? D. Delhi, India A. infrastructure development B. public health C. education D. economic development

91. The large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by 99. All of these nations are located on the Horn of Africa global density gradients created by surface heat and EXCEPT which of the following? freshwater fluxes is known as which of the following? A. Djibouti A. meromictic flow B. Ethiopia B. thermohaline circulation C. Sudan C. Kuroshio transition D. Ethiopia D. polymictic flow 100. All of these countries claim part of Lake Tanganyika 92. The Encontro das Águas (or Meeting of the Waters) is EXCEPT which of the following? the confluence in Brazil of what two rivers? A. Tanzania A. the Amazon (Solimões) and the Rio Negro B. Democratic Republic of the Congo B. the Amazon (Solimões) and Tapajos C. Burundi C. the Paraguay and Uruguay D. Zimbabwe D. the Parana and Rio de la Plata

93. Which of these is the highest point in Mexico? A. Sierra Negra B. C. Mount D. La

94. Cerro Chirripó, the Cordillera Central mountains, and the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve are natural features in which Central American nation? A. Nicaragua B. Honduras C. Costa Rica D. Guatemala

95. The Pantanal region of Brazil is notable for which of the following reasons? A. it is the only desert region in Brazil B. it is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland natural region of the Río de la Plata basin with extremely high biodiversity C. it is a tropical dry broadleaf forest region that borders the Amazon rainforest D. it is the world's largest tropical wetland area

96. The majority of the 3 million Tuareg people live in what two African nations? A. Egypt and Syria B. Niger and Mali C. Algeria and Tunisia D. Lebanon and Morocco

97. Libreville is the capital of what African nation? A. Guinea B. Mozambique C. Gabon D. Liberia

98. Which of these is the only African nation with a population under 100,000 people? A. Comoros B. Sao Tome and Principe C. Seychelles D. Cape Verde