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Greening China's Fish and Fish Products Market Supply Chains

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Greening China's Fish and Fish Products Market Supply Chains Greening China’s Fish and Fish Products Market Supply Chains A Life Cycle Assessment Study Contributors: Arthur Hanson He Cui Linlin Zou MartinShelley Streicher Clarke -Porte, Empa HansGeoffrey Jörg Althaus, Muldoon Empa Jason Potts Huihui Zhang February 2010 June 2011 Click here to enter text. 2 © 2011 International Institute for Sustainable Greening China’s Development (IISD) Published by the International Institute for Fish and Fish Sustainable Development Products Market The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) contributes to sustainable Supply Chains development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, and management of natural and social capital, as well as the enabling Contributors: role of communication technologies in these areas. We report on international negotiations and Arthur Hanson disseminate knowledge gained through collaborative He Cui projects, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity Linlin Zou building in developing countries, better networks Shelley Clarke spanning the North and the South, and better global connections among researchers, practitioners, citizens Geoffrey Muldoon and policy-makers. Jason Potts Huihui Zhang IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable June 2011 organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through This Report has been prepared under a the Canadian International Development Agency project partnership between the Ministry (CIDA), the International Development Research of Commerce, China (MOFCOM) and the Centre (IDRC) and Environment Canada, and from International Institute for Sustainable the Province of Manitoba. The Institute receives Development (IISD), with participation by project funding from numerous governments inside the China Aquatic Products Processing and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations and the private sector. and Marketing Association (CAPPMA) and funding from British DFID with some International Institute for Sustainable Development additional funding from the Swiss Agency 161 Portage Avenue East, 6th Floor SECO. Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3B 0Y4 Tel: +1 (204) 958–7700 Fax: +1 (204) 958–7710 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iisd.org i Greening China’s Fish and Fish Products Market Supply Chains China Aquatic Products Processing and Marketing Alliance (CAPPMA) is a non-profit organization. It consists of seafood producers, processors, traders, distributors, suppliers, and institutions for fisheries research and education, as well as relevant social entities that provide various services for seafood processing and marketing. Its objectives are dedicated to improve the self-discipline mechanism among members in their business operation, to standardize and maintain order in the seafood market, to protect the members’ legal rights, to coordinate relationships among domestic enterprises and international parties, to upgrade technology and management in China’s seafood industry，to enhance the awareness of credibility needs within the industry and to improve seafood quality security, to promote the prosperity and stability of markets, and to ensure sustainable fisheries development. Further information is available at www.cappma.org ii Greening China’s Fish and Fish Products Market Supply Chains Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Purpose of Study ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 China’s Fisheries and Aquaculture in a Time of Transition ........................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 International Interests, Campaigns and Dialogues ....................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Purpose of Study .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Report Outline ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Appendix 1.1 China and Global Fish Markets: A Framework for Global Commodity Chain Sustainability Analysis (Prepared By Jason Potts, IISD) ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.0 Trade, Sustainability and Engagement ................................................................................................. 12 2.1 China’s Role in World Fisheries and Aquaculture ....................................................................................................... 12 2.2 WTO Agreements and Action on Fisheries and Aquaculture .................................................................................. 13 2.3 Sustainability Criteria for Aquatic Supply Chains ........................................................................................................ 15 2.4 Engagement and Dialogue for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture ................................................................... 18 2.4.1 WWF-China ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 2.4.2 Packard Foundation Study: A Focus on Engagement ............................................................................................... 20 3.0 Overview of Species for Market Supply Chain Analysis ................................................................... 24 4.0 Sustainable Analysis of China Tilapia Products Supply Chain ......................................................... 35 4.1 Rationale for Choosing Tilapia Supply Chain .............................................................................................................. 35 4.1.1 Advantage of Developing Tilapia Aquaculture .......................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2 Fast Growth of the Global and Chinese Tilapia Industry .......................................................................................... 36 4.2 Global Trade of Tilapia Products ................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.1 Production and Export of Major Producers ............................................................................................................... 38 4.2.2 Major Importing Countries and Markets ................................................................................................................... 39 4.3 The Structure of the Tilapia Products Supply Chain .................................................................................................. 41 4.3.1 Farming Model .......................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.3.2 Tilapia Farming ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 4.3.3 Tilapia Processing ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 4.3.4 Comprehensive Utilization of By-products .................................................................................................................. 44 4.3.5 Tilapia Products Cold Chain ..................................................................................................................................... 44 iii Greening China’s Fish and Fish Products Market Supply Chains 4.3.6 Product Quality Security ............................................................................................................................................ 45 4.3.7 Energy Consumption in the Tilapia Supply Chain .................................................................................................... 46 4.4 Current Situation and Trend Analyses of Tilapia Markets ......................................................................................... 47 4.4.1 Major Export Markets Distribution of Chinese Tilapia Products ............................................................................. 47 4.4.2 China Domestic Consumption ................................................................................................................................... 48 4.4.3 Chinese Tilapia Industry Trends ................................................................................................................................ 48 4.4.4 Global Tilapia Aquaculture Area Expansion .......................................................................................................... 49 4.4.5 Substitute
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