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A Critical Evaluation of the Oau Charter and Its Impact on the Organisation’S Performance >>

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A Critical Evaluation of the Oau Charter and Its Impact on the Organisation’S Performance >> (V A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE OAU CHARTER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ORGANISATION’S PERFORMANCE >> BY ALICE AUMA!Q£HANDA R/50/P/8188/99 THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, AT THE INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 29™ OCTOBER, 2001 DECLARATION THIS DISSERTATION IS MY ORIGINAL WORK AND HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR A DEGREE IN ANY OTHER UNIVERSITY SIGN: ___________ DATE 2^>VJ ALICE AUMAOCHANDA THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION WITH OUR APPROVAL AS UNIVERSITY SUPERVISORS SIGN: DATE 5 ^ AloveW>w Qjjtrt DR. PHILLIP O. NYING’URO SIGN: DATE O artr/ PROF. J.D. OLEWE-NYUNYA 11 DEDICATION My efforts to the dissertation are dedicated to the three most important people in my life - my two children Louise and Eddie and their father, Horace. Without your encouragement, love, perseverance and prayers, this work would not have been possible. Whenever I felt overwhelmed, you gave me strength by urging me not to give up. You reminded me that “mum must be an achiever”. You are and will forever remain God’s special gift. Thank you for your very valuable support. IN MEMORY IDDAH ADHIAMBO IMBAYA (1923 - 1995) Mother, though illiterate, you understood the value of education. You taught me to embrace it as my tool for survival. You made me know and believe that I am capable of accomplishing anything so long as I work hard and pray about it. Though physically gone, your values live on and spiritually you will forever be in my mind. Your hard work was not in vain. Rest in Peace Mama. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who in various ways contributed to the realisation of this work. My sincere gratitude goes to my two supervisors, Dr. Phillip Nying’uro and Prof. J.D. Olewe-Nyunya who managed to find time from their very busy schedules to not only go through my work but also to give me intellectual guidance during the time of producing it. I would also like to extend special thanks to Mr. G. Ikiara, the Course Co-ordinator, for the encouragement and persistent follow-up on the progress of my work, and the entire staff of IDIS for their co-operation and understanding during the course of my studies. Special thanks go to Mina and Mwasia for their patience and encouragement during the course of this work. To Mulonzia of IDIS libraiy, thank you for getting your over-coat and going deep into the dust to fish for information on the OAU. Your willingness to assist whenever requested was unbelievable. To Kinyanjui, your assistance in getting material contributed a lot to the realisation of this study. s Of course this work would not have been completed without the encouragement from my classmates, Kameru, Tabifor, Rebecca, and Moustafa. To all of you, thank you for reminding me that the graduation must not go beyond December 2001. IV This work could not have been possible without the important contribution of Kenya’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation. My very special thanks go to Mr. Tony Adanje, Head Africa and OAU Division who agreed to have several discussions with me on my work and provided me with very valuable information. I say thank you for his interest in my work, and all the trouble he took to get for me the documents from the OAU Headquarters in Addis Ababa. To the many African Diplomats that I had informal discussions with, I thank you all for sparing your time and being willing to discuss this rather political topic. To the Bambara and Jula speakers at the Ibis Plateau Hotel, Cote d’Ivoire, thank you for your willingness to discuss with a total stranger. My everlasting gratitude goes to my soul mate who did all he could to make sure that I had time to concentrated on my studies. His confidence that I would make it encouraged me to work harder. Thank you Horace for being unique. To Louise and Eddie, thank you for understanding that mum’s homework had to be done. Your prayers meant everything to me. Special thanks to my House-help Doris Mueni who made sure that the house was clean and the meals were cooked during the production of this work. Last but not least, I owe all my gratitude to God for giving me the strength to go through the course and keeping my family and me in good health throughout the entire process. Thank you God for watching over me! To all of you, I say God Bless! ABSTRACT The study investigates the extent to which the OAU Charter has influenced the Organisation’s performance and how this influence has come about. In the methodology, it has relied almost entirely on secondary sources of information supplemented by data from primary sources. Interviews were also conducted but these were in the form of discussions with open-ended questions. The study established that the preference of the OAU member states to pursue national interest at the expense of collective interest has been the main cause of the Organisation’s inability to respond adequately to the needs of the African populations. The study has also highlighted the fact that the OAU itself has violated the provisions of its own charter from time to time, thus ignoring the very tool that is supposed to guide it in its operations. Added to these, the study has confirmed that the OAU is capable of registering success in its activities so long as the member states are willing to take a united stand on issues that call for its intervention. The study makes the case that African leaders do not feel morally and politically bound to abide by the provisions of the Charter, hence their lack of commitment to the Organisation. As a result, they hardly ever take the Organisation seriously and only see the Summits as a % time for interacting with one another but not for discussing serious issues that affect the lives of the African populations. VI In the conclusion, the study states that although the OAU Charter has contributed to the Organisation’s weakness from time to time, it is not the main cause of the Organisation’s weakness and dismal performance. Secondly, that unless the attitude of members towards the regional organization changes, the OAU (now AU) may never improve inn its performance. The study makes the case that the OAU should revise Article III of its Charter to allow it to intervene in the internal affairs of its member states; this should be done with a view to protecting the African populations. It is also recommended that the OAU should form a special group of leaders on a sub-regional basis to be charged with the responsibility of analysing issues and coming up with recommendations. The study advocates that the OAU should be able to generate income through the provision of technical expertise to the members and other needy organisations at a fee. In the same light, the study advocates the introduction of African languages as the Organisation’s languages of operation with a view to enhancing the African culture that it is supposed to protect. vii ABBREVIATIONS AAPC......................... All African People’s Conference AEC............................African Economic Community AIDS.......................... Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ANC........................... African National Congress ASEAN...................... Association of South-East Asian Nations AU............................. African Union AWCPD..................... African Women’s Committee on Peace and DRC........................... Democratic Republic of Congo ECOWAS.................. Economic Commission of West African States ECOMOG................. ECOWAS Monitoring Group ECOSOC...................UN Economic and Social Council FROLINAT...............Front de Liberation Nationale du Tchad GDP........................... Gross Domestic Product HIV............................ Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICJ.............................. International Court of Justice LONRHO...................London-Rhodesia Company OAS.......................... Organization of American States OAU..........................Organization of African Unity PAC........................... Pan-African Congress PAN AM....................Pan-American Airlines PAFMECA................ Pan-African Movement of East and Central Africa Development SADC........................ Southern African Development Community UN............................ United Nations UNESCO.................... United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation UK............................ United Kingdom US.............................United States l USSR........................ United Soviet Socialist Republic WTO........................ World Trade Organization \ 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: OAU: THE QUEST FOR AN AFRICAN UNITY Page 1.0 Introduction..................................................................................... 6 1.1 Statement of the Problem............................................................... 9 1.2 Objectives of the Study.................................................................. 11 1.3 Justification.....................................................................................11 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study................................................ 13 1.5 Review of Literature...................................................................... 13 1.6 Theoretical Framework................................................................. 32 1.7 Operationalisation of Concepts...................................................... 36 1.8 Hypotheses....................................................................................
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