Dear Researchers, Distinguished Guests and scholars, on behalf of the organizing committee IMRC-2019, I welcome you to the 5th International Multidisciplinary Research Conference (IMRC-2019). The conference is organized in collaboration with Sarhad University of Information Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University and University of Malakand, on October, 29-31, 2019 at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar. IMRC is a series of conference organized every year and the initiative was taken by Sarhad University. Main Objective of the IMRC is to promote research culture and to disseminate scientific and educational information related to the fields of interests. The conference brings together leading researchers in the related areas and provide an opportunity for exchanging ideas, between researchers and establishing networking and collaborations. The conference includes several invited papers on important and timely topics in the field. We hope that such type of academic ventures and collaborations will continue as we all are working for the same goal, i.e Global Prosperity. IMRC is a catalyst for researchers to present their ideas and bring different fields together and bridge the gap by giving them the opportunity to gain insight into new areas and new perspectives to their respective fields. We will be glad to welcome you all to IMRC-2020 in October 2020, to be hosted by another partner university.
Dr. Asma Gul Conference Chair, IMRC-2019.
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Table of Contents
Patron-in-Chief Message ...... 4 Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar ...... 5 Our Partners ...... 6
Sarhad University of Science & Technology, Peshawar ...... 6 Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan ...... 6 University of Malakand, Dir Lower ...... 7 About the 5th IMRC-2019 Conference ...... 8 ABSTRACTS ...... 14 Engineering & IT ...... 15 Life Sciences ...... 40 Social Sciences ...... 77 Management Sciences...... 158
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Patron-in-Chief Message
Prof. Dr. Razia Sultana Vice Chancellor Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar With a spirit of peace and unity, I welcome and thank all the invited speakers, presenters, researchers and our esteemed guests to the 5thInternational Multidisciplinary Research Conference 2019 “Global Prosperity through Research & Sustainable Development” (IMRC). The Conference is organized in collaboration with the three well known Universities of the Province, Sarhad University of Science & IT (Peshawar), Abdul Wali Khan University (Mardan) and University of Malakand (Dir Upper). These universities have shown keen interest in promotion and quality education over the years. We have jointly conducted 4th IMRC 2018 successfully last year and will continue this journey in the future as well. We have taken various steps to introduce and strengthen research culture at the university. International events and conferences are part of the same efforts to provide a platform to researchers to share and disseminate their knowledge and gain inspiration from scholars doing valuable work in similar areas in other parts of the world. IMRC, provides a platform to connect the researchers from various disciplines. It gives the opportunity to the researchers from multiple disciplines to come up with their new concepts, methodologies and experiences to be shared in dynamic way impregnated with partnership and collaboration ventures. I extend my gratitude to the national and international key note speakers, Research Scholar from across the globe and all the valuable guests for sparing their precious time and sharing their valuable views and experiences in their field of expertise. Finally, I congratulate all the organizers for their hard work in organizing 5th International Multidisciplinary Research Conference 2019.
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Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar is the First Public Sector Women University in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The University has been Functioning since 2005. It is expanding its horizon by introducing new disciplines from time to time. The University provides an environment which enables students to develop their academic, moral, physical, professional and spiritual potential. Envisaged initially as a caterer to the education of female population of the Province, the University has earned much more than it had initially conceived. The primary objective of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar is to accomplish the assigned mission of providing quality education to the female students in accordance with the latest syllabi and modern trends so that it can emerge as the leading public sector female university of the country. The University is the largest provider of female education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The University’s lifelong learning activities also encompass the professional development work carried out by departments. Academic expertise and research facilities are used to advantage by industry and commercial partners, government bodies and other organizations. These contracts, combined with the provision of professional updating courses and the provision of sophisticated equipment and specialist skills, enable the University to help improve the efficiency, competitiveness and profitability in job market.
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Our Partners
Sarhad University of Science & Technology, Peshawar
Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar, is a renowned name in the educational circles of Pakistan and abroad. It was established in 2001 through an Ordinance of the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is duly recognized by the Higher Education Commission (HEC). Since its inception, the University has made commendable achievements in disseminating quality education and, in a short span of time; it has become a leading institution of higher education in Pakistan. The University is dedicated to imparting high quality education with emphasis on demand-oriented skill- development and training under excellent conditions of learning. Its educational programs are designed to enable the students and servicemen to Develop skills and competence in their respective areas of specialization. Obtain broad-based, cross-functional education with due emphasis on developing critical, analytical and logical thinking, and knowledge of societal matters. The education is cost-based, but affordable. The University is devoted to students' welfare and intends to provide all support and guidance in their pursuit of successful careers and jobs.
Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
The establishment of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan is an act of historical significance by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The establishment of AWKUM facilitated in bringing their intellectual resources in the useful channels by equipping them with the latest knowledge and research being unfolded in the sphere of higher education. The University plays its role in channelizing the intellectual, moral and physical resources of the youth inherent their energies toward useful goals. It collaborates with the prestigious universities of the country and abroad to share the latest discoveries and research input in different fields of intellectual endeavor. Beingthe vice chancellor of AWKUM, I am honored to be a part of 5th International Multidisciplinary Research Conference (IMRC-2019) on global prosperity through research and sustainable development. It is known to me that IMRC-2019 is a consortia effort of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, SBB Women University Peshawar, Sarhad University of Science and Technology Peshawar, and University of Malakand aims at providing a multidisciplinary platform to the research community. Scientific interaction of multidisciplinary researchers is essential for the ongoing challenges, and tangible solution for better socioeconomic development of the country. For IMRC-2019, our partner universities have pg. 6
continued to meet the challenges of our field and bring inspired people together in such forums to exchange scientific ideas and update about cutting edge research going on in the field. The multidisciplinary approach ensures that there is a tangible outcome of research for the benefit of all. I would like to acknowledge all the scientists and researchers participating in IMRC-2019 and I ask you to stay engaged, remain proactive and help to shape the future of research in the country.
University of Malakand, Dir Lower
University of Malakand is one of the public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, being established through a charter issued by the Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on August 30, 2001 and is recognized by the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad. The University has been working sincerely towards the attainment of excellence as well as character-building; and to inculcate in its students the spirit of inquiry, research, dedication and zeal, so that they will be able to bring prosperity in the country. Mission of the university is to develop adaptations of the latest knowledge to local environment in technology, economy, culture, religion, languages and conduct indigenous research to address educational needs, practices and issues. The university collaborates with other universities and research institutions to promote research culture and educational attainment standards.
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About the 5th IMRC-2019 Conference
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar is honored to host the 5th International Multidisciplinary Research Conference on Global Prosperity through Research and Sustainable Development. IMRC 2019 is a joint venture of SBBWUP, Sarhad University of Science and Technology Peshawar, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan and University of Malakand. IMRC 2019 as a series of conferences aims at providing a multidisciplinary platform to the research community on a large scale. This mega event provides a forum for researchers across the globe to present their research work and thereby substantially contribute towards the socio-economic development. The event provides a good opportunity for sharing knowledge and experience thereby inspire young researchers and scientists for playing their role in the world of research for sustainable development.
Conference Objectives
TheObjectives of the conference are;
1. To provide an effective knowledge-sharing platform for intellectual engagement. 2. Promotion of interdisciplinary interactions 3. Discussion on issues related to Global Prosperity to attain sustainable development goal (SDGs) through Research.
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Keynote Speakers
Professor Murat Kaya
Murat Kaya is working as Professor in Department of Biology, AksarayUniversity, Turkey. Kaya studied under the Erasmus Program in Gent University, Belgium and Imperial College, London, UK). He has been in University of California Merced, USA for a research project funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. He has more than 87 research articles with more than 225 Cumulative impact factors.Dr. Kaya is interested in zooplankton taxonomy, focusing on rotifers by using morphological and molecular techniques. He has been working on biopolymer isolation from diverse organisms using techniques such as FT-IR, TGA, DSC, XRD, NMR, SEM, TEM, AFM, confocal.
Professor Patrick McNamara
Patrick McNamara, is professor in University of Nebraska at Omaha USA. He serves as the Director of the International Studies at University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO). He has worked internationally with universities, corporations, governments, NGOs, and foundations. He served as Executive Vice Chairman of the Board for Initiatives of Change-USA. Patrick currently leads a number of different local and international projects including Principal Administrator of the UNO-Pakistan University Linkages Project building capacity of faculty members from Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women’s University in Peshawar, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences in Quetta, and Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad. He is Principal Administrator of the US Department of State-sponsored Partnership 2020.
Professor Sumer Aras
Sumer Aras currently works as Professor at the Department of Biology, Biotechnology, Ankara University, Turkey. She received her Masters degree from Cleveland State University, United States, and her PhD from Ankara University, Turkey. Sumer has been involved in research in Agricultural Plant Science, Environmental Science and Molecular Biology. She has more than 140 publications on the field of molecular biology.
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Professor Francisco ‘Chico’Campos
Francisco ‘Chico’Campos was born in Ceara, Brazil. He received his BS degree in Biology from the University of Ceara, Brazil and his Ph.D. in plant Biochemistry from university of Durham, England in 1984.He then joined Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil and focused his research in identifying in plants, protein inhibitors of peptidases that could target the digestive peptidases o insect pests of stored seeds.In 1988, he left Brazil to join the group of Klaus Apel at the University of Kiel, Germany (1988-90) and subsequently at ETH-Zurich, Switzerland (1990- 92), where he studied the role of Thionins as components of the defense armory of plants against bacteria and fungi.In 1993, he returned to his alma mater, and from then on, his research is found in exploring the potential of crop plants from the Brazilian north-east (particularly Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas) as sources of raw material for the production of Biodiesel.
Prof. Dr. Sonia Zulfiqar
Dr. Sonia Zulfiqar is working as an Associate Professor at Department of Chemistry, American University in Cairo, Egypt. She has research experience in the field of Polymer/Materials & Environmental Chemistry at various Universities/Institutes in Germany, USA, South Korea, Oman, Bulgaria, Spain, KSA, Pakistan and Egypt. Dr. Zulfiqar is also the recipient of the prestigious and highly competitive Marie-Curie-IIF research grant from European Commission under 7th Framework Programme (FP7). On being nominated by European Commission and selected by the Council for Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, she has the honor of participation in 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting in Germany. She has published plenty of research articles in high impact prestigious international journals. In recognition to her outstanding contributions, she has received many awards and the most noteworthy is Civil Award “Tamgha-i-Imtiaz”. Dr. Zulfiqar is focusing on the foremost issues of climate change and global warming.
Dr. Zekeriya Nas Dr. Zekeriya is working in Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey. His PhD is in Human Resources Development. Research interest of Dr. Zekeriya includes importance of universities on urban culture, the research papers & books regarding the effects of cross cultural training on the performance of expatriates, determinants of performance for measuring expatriates’ performance, the factors cause expatriates failure, the importance of selection criteria for expatriates, human resource management, human resource development, entrepreneurship, etc.
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Prof. Mohammad Qasim Jan
Qasim Jan is a member of governing bodies of many institutions, peer-review committees, and on the editorial boards of several journals. He remained Chairman of the Himalayan Regional Committee of the International Lithosphere Program (1998-2004). He served as Vice Chancellor, University of Peshawar, served as VC of the Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad and as founder VC of Sarhad University, Peshawar. In 2004, he was titled as Distinguished National Professor by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. Dr. Jan is a fellow/member of many learned societies, including Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, Pakistan Acad. of Sciences (PAS), Nepal Geological Society (Honorary), and Mineralogical Soc. of Great Britain (Emeritus). He is currently Vice President of the PAS and Secretary General of the Association of the Academies of Sciences in Asia. He has carried out extensive investigations of the geology, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, and tectonics of the Himalaya- Karakoram of Pakistan, with emphasis on crust-building and geodynamic processes.
Prof. Muhammad Rasul Jan
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Rasul Jan is a Pakistani chemist in the field of Analytical Chemistry. He served as Vice-Chancellor of University of Malakand from 14 April 2008 till 1 October 2012. He also served as Vice-Chancellor at University of Peshawar. His research interest involves method development for the determination and decontamination of organic and Inorganic micro pollutants in various compartment of the environment, recycling of waste polystyrene into useful products, Solid Phase Extraction, Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, and Nano sensors for the detection of protein and antibodies.
Prof. Zabta Khan Shinwari
Prof. Zabta Khan Shinwari is Fellow and Council Member of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences; Treasurer, AASSA; tenured Prof. Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad; President; National Council for Tibb and Vice Chancellor of Qarshi University, Lahore. His fields of specialization are Bioethics, Dual Use Education, Sustainable Development, Molecular Systematics and Biotechnology. He delivered 240 national and international lectures, grants/funds, secured/collaborated on 25 different occasions, and is a member of 55 national and international scientific bodies.
Prof. Dr. Hamadullah Jan Kakepoto
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Prof. Dr. Hamadullah Jan is the Director of Area Study Centre Far East & South East Asia, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. He has been served as research Analyst in Research Analyst in W3P Project UNDP, and published many research articles in reputed Journals.
Prof. Dr. Razia Sultana
Prof. Dr. Razia Sultana is the Vice Chancellor of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University. She has served as a professor in history at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. She has two gold medals at her credit. Dr. Sultana has won Fulbright Post Doc Scholarship during 2002-03. She has been a member of 14 professional bodies, like Vice President Council of Social Sciences; Member of HEC National Plagiarism Committee. She has remained editor of two HEC recognized journals
Prof. Dr. Salim ur Rehman
Professor Dr. Salim ur Rehman is a gold medalist in Bachelor of Aeronautical Engineering. He was commissioned in the PAF in 1985. He developed the Recovery Plan for the Mirages, PAF acquired from Australia in 1990. In 1991, he earned the Ministry of Science and Technology Scholarship for Higher Education abroad. Hid PhD is in Industrial from Georgia Institute of Technology, USA. Dr. Salim served at National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) for over six years. He is one of the founding members of Sarhad University. In 2006, he took over as the third vice chancellor of Sarhad University. Dr. Salim has a number of research publications in national and international journals of repute. He has also developed many software products. One of his software packages for linear programming is currently being used by many universities. His areas of research include quality control & quality management, optimization, statistics, and stochastic.
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Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khurshid Khan
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khurshid Khan is the Vice Chancellor, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. He has also served University of Bradford, where he is Professor of Manufacturing Systems Engineering. His research interests are in the area of Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Knowledge-Based Systems and their applications to Manufacturing & Quality Systems, Strategy, Planning, Control, Scheduling, and Supply Chain Management.
Prof. Dr. Gul Zaman
Prof.Dr. Gul Zaman is professor in Mathematics and is currently serving as Vice Chancellor of University of Malakand. He is PhD in applied Mathematics and his area of interest is Mathematical Biology and Fluid Mechanics such as mathematical model of heart and blood circulation in human body, population dynamics, mathematical epidemiology and infectious diseases with optimal control, and ecological modeling.
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ABSTRACTS
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Engineering & IT
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IMRC-EN-01 CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF MOBILE COMMERCE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Sajeela Tago1, Muhammed Saleem Chandio2, Anilla Tago3 Institute of Mathematics & Computer Science1 2, 3Institute of Business Administration3 University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The proliferation of wireless technologies and mobile devices has created tremendous business opportunities through wireless infrastructure. These opportunities include communications, trading, purchasing, trading, and more. Mobile commerce involves providing products and services through wireless technology to enable internet business activities, regardless of time and space. The mobile phone and hand held devices market is exploding due to low cost, increased computing power and ease of use. Although the technology and applications of these services are available, international usage is low. This article is designed and proposed a theoretical model for accepting and using mobile commerce. This model is based on the technology acceptance model. Fundamental and critical factors, as outlined in the literature, are integrated into the proposed model, interface design. It supports our understanding of the application, implication, application and use of m- commerce acceptance. The purpose of this article is to examine the major factors affecting the intention to use of mobile commerce. This may help developers of mobile commerce software understand the user’s perception of mobile commerce.
Key words: Mobile Commerce, Customer, Wireless Technology, Information Systems
ABSTRACT No. IMRC-EN-04
WIRELESS UNDERGROUND SENSOR NETWORKS, PACKET SIZE OPTIMIZATION SURVEY 1Zohaib Hassan,1Sheeraz Ahmed, 1Atif Ishtiaq, 1Kashif Mushtaq, 2Abnash Zaman 1 IQRA National University, Peshawar, Pakistan 2 Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Abstract
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) Packet size optimization is a major issue and many performance indicators (e.g., latency, network lifecycle, reliability and throughput) can be improved by it. In WSN, due to channel conditions, long packages encounter high loss rates. On the other hand, small packages may be affected by an increase. Therefore, you have to choose the maximum packet size to improve the different WSN performance matrix. Here in WSN to determine the maximum packet size several methods have been proposed. Deployment environments or specific applications are the center of attraction of packet size optimization in the literature. However, to categorize these different methods there are no complete and recent survey files. In order to meet
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this demand, the recent research and optimization of the data size of the Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs), the small package encouraged the scientific community to find out more about this promise field of research. To better understand the various packet size optimization techniques used in application networks and variant types of sensors, and in this field introducing new research issues is the main purpose of this research.
Key words: Cross‐layer design, Energy efficiency, Network reliability, Packet size optimization, Wireless sensor networks
IMRC-EN-10 IMAGE SELECTION BASED ON EYE GAZE FOR PATIENTS (ALS, LOCKED-IN) USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
Maisam Ali1, Sikandar Hayat2, Furqan Ahmad Khattak3 1,2,3Center of Excellence in IT Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, Pakistan. [email protected] Abstract
Eye gaze system is the most precise way of communication for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS); locked-in and other paralyze patients. The available eye gazing systems are very expensive and user faces more difficulties in use. This paper proposed an interface with images. Image selection is through web cam using image-processing techniques in Matlab. After every 7 second the image will be swap, if the patient will respond with two eyes, the image will be select and notification of that specific need or want will be produce to inform nearer person and also SMS, call and email will be generate by the system. The advantage of this system is very ease of use, and not costly. Moreover, it is very user friendly. Moreover, that will be the revolutionary step in the computerized world and in Medical history.
Key words: eye tracking, eye gazing system, eye movement, user interface, ALS.,
IMRC-EN-11 HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION FOR BOOK READING BASED ON EYES’ STATUS 1Mohammad Ayub, Sajid, 1Habib Jalal, 1Center for Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan. Email: [email protected], [email protected] ,[email protected]
Abstract
The research aims to help physically disabled people. Physically disabled and paralyzed people usually need a caretaker to help them out to perform a single task. This research proposes solution to a similar problem i.e. turning eBook page while reading on computer. The proposed system automates page turn which is controlled through eye blink. The system consists of two modules i.e. Hardware and Software. Hardware includes computer and digital camera connected together which are used to capture the human eyes. The software module is designed in MATLAB where digital image processing techniques are used to detect eye blinks from the captured pg. 17
frames. The system turns page forward when eye blink (both simultaneously) is detected and turns the page backward when wink of left or right eye is detected. The Viola jones algorithm is used for face localization to select the portion of face and crop the eye portion from selected image.
Key words: book reading, eye blinks, eye winks, viola jones.
IMRC-EN-15 IMPACT OF REQUIREMENT ELICITATION TECHNIQUES ON REQUIREMENT VALIDATION FOR MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT IN SOFTWARE INDUSTRIES IN PAKISTAN
Samiullah Hunzai , Ibrar Ali Shah, Department of Computer Software Engineering, University of Engineering Peshawar,Pakistan Email: [email protected],[email protected] Abstract
Requirement validation is one of the most important stage in requirements engineering in which the problems are identified and fixed by changing requirement specifications. Validation assures that the gathered requirements are correct, complete, consistent, precise, traceable, testable, feasible and unambiguous. Using the right requirement elicitation technique, system analyst is able to address the issues, opportunities and all the needs of the customers and based on this information the system developer can build systems that can solve the problems and also make sure the requirements and needs of the customer are met. This research study aims at to provide guidelines to software engineers for selecting correct requirement elicitation technique for mobile applications development in software industries of Pakistan. Results show that prototyping is the most suitable technique for requirement elicitation which gives complete, consistent, feasible and testable requirements than other requirement gathering techniques.
Keywords: Elicitation Techniques, Software Industries, prototyping.
IMRC-EN-16 MECHANICAL AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF SUPER STABILIZED MUD BRICKS
1Muhammad Wasim, 2Dr Mohammad Adil, 3Afnan Ahmad, 3Zia Ur Rehman, and 3M. Shoaib Khan 1MSc and 3BSc Students of University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar 2Assistant Professor, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Abstract
About one third of the total world’s population resides or works in buildings made of earthen construction. It is a cheap and thus one of the oldest building materials known to mankind. But on other hand burnt bricks and cement based building construction, are non-renewable, non-sustainable and uneconomical. In Pakistan, burnt bricks and cement are the two mostly used building materials. Its production also causes CO2 emission which is hazardous pg. 18
for environment. Generally, earthen construction is less water resistant and required its continuous maintenance. So, different stabilizers and additive are using in order to enhance its strength and durability which includes cement, lime, straw, and cow dung etc. This research focus on super stabilized mud bricks which are made by using special chemicals as stabilizer in mud. In this research different chemicals are used at different proportion, for production of super mud bricks, and unlike burnt bricks, these bricks are sun drying which is usually prepared in 3-7 days. A number of tests had been performed on these super mud bricks in order to evaluate its strength and durability. A super mud brick of standard size 9”x4.5”x3” withstand for compression loading varies from 2.70Ton to 4.92Ton because these bricks are vulnerable to rain during its drying period that’s the reason that it resisted less compression load compared to the completely sundried bricks whose compression loading were varies from 9.0Ton to 24Ton. In water absorption test, its water absorption varies from 12% to 20% which is within the specified limit of ASTM (American Society of Testing Material) standards. So, on the basis of experimental tests, PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) are one of the most effective stabilizers (Chemical), that’s to be used in mud. These bricks are in affordable cost, sustainable, recyclable, and good outward appearances. More importantly, this chemically stabilized super mud bricks is both steps towards sustainability and also to enhance its performance for severe weather condition.
Keywords— Super Mud Brick, Sustainable, Cost effective, ASTM, PVA, Earthen and Sundried
IMRC-EN-17 TCP CONGESTION CONTROL ALGORITHM ALONG WITH QUEUING MECHANISM - AN INVESTIGATION
Iqtidar Ali and Tariq Hussain,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University,Peshawar
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
In this modern era the use of computer and internet has dramatically increased. Nowadays it is not only the source of education and communication, but it is also a source of enjoyment and refreshment because of various social websites, online movie and games etc. Increase in the usage of computer and internet is the source of congestion. Therefore, the congestion control is necessary in complex network especially in Internet. This research is focusing on the congestion control algorithms along with queuing mechanisms which will investigate the TCP congestion control algorithms like Fast Retransmit, Fast Recovery, Reno, Tahoe and congestion avoidance along with the different queuing mechanisms like FIFO, PQ and WFQ. The OPNET simulator will be used for testing the performance of these algorithms along queuing mechanism. Finally, the graphs will be plotted based on congestion window and segment sequence number.
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Keywords: TCP, Congestion, Algorithm, Queuing, Congestion Window, Segment Sequence Number, FIFO, PQ, WFQ, Internet.
IMRC-EN-18 AN IOT-ENABLED DIGITAL DOCTOR USING SMART PHONE Zahid Hasan1, Sagheer Abbas2, Muhammad Adnan Khan3, Kashif Iqbal4, Muhammad Mazhar Bukhari5
1,2,3,4,5National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore, Pakistan.
4GCU, Lahore, Pakistan
Email: 1 [email protected]
Abstract
Internet of things is an innovative technology in which interconnection of devices and internet is proposed. Wearable devices have generally been used in health disciplines, sports and security System. These instruments and devices can sense exceptional and unexpected conditions and can identify the problem on real time. This advance technique has converted healthcare by permitting constant monitoring of patients without hospitalization. The blood pressure monitors detect the blood pressure on real time,and it communicates with your smart phone via Bluetooth and alerts the abnormal situation of the patients in which body temperature, heart rate and other serious data can be transported through these trackers to your smart phone. The intelligent phone wearable sensors may be integrated to implement the healthcare system that can be called Smart Phone as Digital Doctor (SPADD). The Proposed system Smart Phone as Digital Doctor (SPADD) may be very helpful to senior citizens and disabled persons who live without help.
Keywords: IOT, Information Security, Detectors, Security System, Healthcare system, SPADD
IMRC-EN-18A DUAL SINK BASED APPROACH FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND CANCER pg. 20
PATIENTS IN WBANS Sheeraz Ahmed 1,4, M.Yousaf Ali2, Muhammad Taqi2,4, Zeeshan Najam3,4, Tariq Amir4 1Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan 2Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan 3 Ultimate Consultancy, Peshawar, Pakistan 4 Career Dynamics Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan Abstract
A WBAN is a key technology to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction, monitors episodic events or any other abnormal condition and can be used for ambulatory health monitoring. Cancer remains one of the biggest threats to the human life. A set of miniaturized sensors capable of monitoring cancer cells can be seamlessly integrated in WBAN. This allows physician to diagnose tumors without biopsy. Basic purpose of this research work is to minimize communication gap of signals between sink and patient. The issue has been resolved by using more than one sinks. If one sink is failed, then other sink will continue the process. Using more than one sink can help the patient to move away from the bed without losing the data. For this purpose, a protocol ACDSP has been designed for WBAN methodology which allows patient to move outside away from the bed. The sensor nodes can transmit their data to either sink by using anycasting technique. In ACDSP, most of the nodes come in direct link to sink that leads to transfer additional data with least delays in data delivery, particularly in cancer patients. Our research shows that ACDSP consumes lesser energy and shows better throughput
Keywords: Cardiovascular, Cancer cells, WBAN
IMRC-EN-21 A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR DROPOUT RATE MANAGEMENT THROUGH DATA MINING 1Nabila Amir, 1Salma Noor
1Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
Knowledge systems have enormous amount of data about students, teachers, alumni and resources. Educational data mining uses techniques from machine learning and statistics in order to process desired information and results from educational systems, where diverse type of data can exist. Dropout rate or the ratio at which students from high school, university or other group for learning leave the system is one of the main issues of concern in Educational Management Systems. This research suggests that important information can be extracted from student database, by using statistical and data mining technique, that can help predict the cause of dropout and pg. 21
provide an opportunity to minimize dropout rate. There are two main objectives of this work first is, to predict a comprehensive set of the attributes to analyze student performance. Second is to review the existing data mining techniques used for prediction of student performance. For the first objective we observed that rule-based classification preforms best. For second objective a comprehensive review of the literature is given.
Keywords: Data mining, Educational Management Systems, Rule based classification, Dropout Rate
IMRC-EN-24A CLOUD COMPUTING AND IOT RELATIONSHIP
Muhammad Bilal Shahzad, Sadeeq Jan
Dept. of Computer Science and IT, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan,
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In the paper we discuss about cloud computing and Internet of things relationship with formula of five W’s and one H. where who can gather the data, when to implement this, what should to include in the system, where the data store, why it is uses and one H how to use it. IoT often use sensor’s and camera’s for the investigation and cloud give support to store, manage and process data. This paper discusses the processing of sensor data, camera vision for IoT and security for cloud IoT environment and algorithm for security in cryptography. Keywords:Internet of things, cloud computing, sensor’s, camera vision, storage of data, security in cryptography
IMRC-EN-26 BLIND IMAGE RESTORATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZATION ON AN ANDROID DEVICE
Sahibzada Muhammad Wahab, Aftab Khan
Department of Computer Systems Engineering (DCSE), University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar, Pakistan,
e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
In this technology-driven era where algorithms have taken control of every aspect of life that is security, health, aeronautics, robotics, satellite imagery, and many more fields, have pushed the need for clear images that are unaffected by both blur and noise to the level of perfection because with the addition of blur or noise in the image, pg. 22
algorithmic decisions can be severely affected which in some cases can be tolerable but in domain like medical imagery flexibility for such errors is close to zero. Unfortunately, these conditions of clear images are rarely satisfied because of the presence of blur which is caused due to many reasons like motion, atmospheric turbulence, defocus or error in capturing device and also due to the presence of noise which can also be caused by many reasons like low lighting, error in device calibration, etc. To fulfill the need for clear images, blur should be removed from the blurred images, this removal of blur from the image is called image deblurring. Deblurring techniques are either reference based deblurring or reference less/blind image deblurring. In terms of success in the achievements of deblurred images, reference-based deblurring techniques are far better than that of reference less/blind image deblurring techniques because in the case of reference less image deblurring knowledge related to point spread function which caused that blur in the image is not available and also because of the unavailability of true image with which the deblurred image can be compared to see whether it is deblurred or not. This paper is focused on reference less image deblurring. Our approach is to use Genetic Algorithm to calculate non-parametric PSF to be used by the deblurring filter. And implement this algorithm to run on an Android platform for real-time image deblurring.
Keywords: Image restoration, blind image deblurring, Genetic Algorithm (GA), filter estimation, camera handshake.
IMRC-EN-28 ENERGY EFFICIENT INTELLIGENT BASED SMART HOME ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Muhammad Umair, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology,
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Landi Akhun Ahmad, Ring Road, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Electrical energy has become a part of modern life and plays an importance role in the development of every country’s economy. But mostly a lot of electrical energy wasted in the homes by different ways due to current electrical manual system. Similarly, to address the challenges of the manual electrical system, the various new concept has emerged to control the wastage of home electrical energy like smart grid, smart metering, etc. This paper addresses an intelligent base system setup in the home with various sensors which manage all the appliances in homes. The intelligent base system can take decision while checking the current electrical consumption of appliances and manage the energy level according to the user need. Further, the proposed system also connect with the members of homes through mobile application over internet which give each and every appliance status using a mobile notification system. Furthermore, the
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proposed system stores the daily base energy consumption record and send to the user with beneficial comment about energy level assumption, etc. Similarly, one of the main purpose of this paper is to control the wastage of electrical energy of homes and to make home electrical system friendly for user in various context. As for the future direction this concept can be implemented for designing and planning an intelligent smart city electrical system. Index term: Intelligent based System, energy efficient system, home electrical system, smart home.
Keywords: smart homes, intelligent, energy
IMRC-EN-29 STUDY OF GROSS VEHICULAR WEIGHT AND AXLE CONFIGURATION OF HEAVY VEHICULAR TRANSPORT SPECIFICATIONS IN PESHAWAR
Fazal-E-Ghafoor, Arsalaan Khan, Asad Amin, Syed Ahmad Salman
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar
Abstract Roads are the backbone of a country’s economy. Road infrastructure is used by several categories of vehicles amid which heavy vehicles play a lethal role in causing damage in pavement structure due to overloading, which eventually lead to augmented upkeep and restoration costs. Focus of this research is to calculate and locate the number and type of heavy vehicles, and their tire and axle configuration, which in case if overloaded, causes severe damage to the road infrastructure. Overloaded vehicles data was collected on Ring Road Peshawar during the months of January, February and March 2019. Ring road was selected because it serves as a bypass for heavy vehicles and facilitates Afghanistan bound traffic. It also serves as the terminal for Peshawar-Charsadda road, Peshawar-Bara road, Peshawar-Dalazak road and Jamrud-Warsak road. Data was obtained from weighing station located on ring road which was filtered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. The number of heavy vehicles were divided into four different types based on their permissible Gross Vehicular Weights (GVW) into four types i.e. type A, B, C and D. The loading values were then compared with the National Highway Safety Ordinance (NHSO 2000) permissible limits for GVW. Out of 2500 vehicles, 912 were heavy vehicles. Among these 912 vehicles, 68.26% of vehicles were of type D. It was recorded that 92.83% out of 68.26% of type D vehicles were overloaded. Similarly, the results of other types of heavy vehicles were also worked out. The premature failure includes fatigue, rutting etc. Solving this overloading problem needs strong observation on the heavy vehicles is required and strict rules need to be applied.
Keywords: Overloading, Axle configuration, GVW, NHSO 2000, Rutting, Heavy Vehicles
IMRC-EN-30 STUDY ON DESICCANT AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MULTAN, PAKISTAN
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Akash Siddique1, Muhammad Sultan1,* 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road 60800, Multan, Pakistan Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Humid climatic regions enable high relative humidity which increases the latent load of air-conditioning accordingly. High humidity may cause various problems for human health like suffocation, allergies and asthma etc. The humidity level needs to be optimized to provide precise conditions not only for human thermal comfort but also for other non-human applications. In this context, solid desiccant based cooling and air-conditioning systems could be emerging solution to generate numerous conditions of temperature and humidity. Desiccant air conditioning (DAC) systems are solely operated on thermal energy sources and therefore can provide low cost and environment friendly solution. Desiccant materials dry the air and the dried but relatively warm air can be cooled via conventional low-cost evaporative cooling techniques e.g. direct and/or indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). In this study, working principle and features of desiccant based air conditioning systems are highlighted and the experimental procedure is described. Silica gel is used in desiccant unit as an adsorbent. Pictorial representation of silica gel and sieves are presented. Inlet and outlet temperature and relative humidity of desiccant unit are measured by using good precision sensors. Obtained data is used for calculating humidity ratio at inlet and outlet, sorption amount and coefficient of performance (COP) of the desiccant unit. COP of desiccant unit is compared with the input heat of the system. Results shows that desiccant dehumidification unit can be a feasible solution for monsoon condition of Multan, Pakistan.
Keywords: Desiccant, dehumidification, air-conditioning, Multan.
IMRC-EN-31 STRENGTH INVESTIGATION OF FLY ASH F AND FLY ASH C GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USING SYNERGY OF RECYCLE AGGREGATES
1Adeed Khan, 2Mazhar Ali Shah, 3Mohammad Adil, 4 Muhammad Tehseen Khan
1,2,4Civil Engineering Department, Iqra National University, Peshawar.
3 Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar.
[email protected] Abstract
As we know that concrete is widely used all over the world because of its behavior and its mechanical properties. Except that we have different problem after using normal concrete like, earlier start of structure deterioration, after demolishing building a lot of waste material cause of pollution, and emission of Carbon dioxide during formation of cement. Which cause 7 % of green house effect in all over the world .To overcome, on all such problem this researched work has been done on Geopolymer with cement concrete. The normal concrete has been prepared with different ration with Geopolymer. Batch-1 was prepared with pure cement, Batch-2 was 50% pg. 25
cement and 50% Geopolymer, Batch-3 was 20% cement and 80% Geopolymer and last Batch-4 was prepared with pure Geopolymer. Both class fly ash F and fly ash C has been used. The water-cement ratio was fixed 0.57 for all batches and the alkaline liquid, sodium hydroxide (NaoH) has been fixed 10 moles for all samples, while the ratio of fly ash to sodium silicate was kept 2.5 for all concrete. A total twelve 150mmx 300 mm cylinder and twelve 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 609.6 mm reinforcement concrete beam were casted. All samples cured for 28 day. The flexural behavior of reinforcement concrete beam showed that the flexural stiffness of beam were 74.78 KN of control beam and 74.78 KN of Batch-2 ,while 33.85 KN of pure Geopolymer concrete. The compressive strength decreased when the amount of Geopolymer increased. The control cylinder strength was 13.70Mpa. 50% compressive lost in batch-2 which was 6.18Mpa.The addition of Geopolymer with cement is good in flexural strength.
Keywords: Geopolymer, (NaOH),(Na2SiO3), Fly ash F & C.
IMRC-EN-34
DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LAB-SCALE EVAPORATIVE COOLING UNITS FOR PAKISTAN Hafiz Muhammad Umar Raza, Muhammad Sultan* Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, 60800 Multan, Pakistan *Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract. Evaporative cooling is known as low cost, energy efficient and environment friendly technique for cooling and air-conditioning applications. It is usually suitable for relatively hot and dry climatic conditions due to the potential of water vapor evaporation. It is an adiabatic process, in which ambient air is cooled because of sensible heat of water is converted into latent heat. In literature, most commonly there are three types of evaporative cooling systems: i.e. (i) direct evaporative cooling (DEC) system, (ii) indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) system and, (iii) Maisotsenko cycle based evaporative cooling (MEC) system. In this study, above-mentioned cooling systems are designed and developed. The performance of the systems has been evaluated for the climatic condition of Pakistan. The study presents the experimental data of the developed system to compare the performance of systems. According to the results, the wet-bulb effectiveness range is between 0.8 to 0.9 for DEC system and 0.4 to 0.55 for IEC system. The maximum dew-point effectiveness range is between 0.75 to 0.9 for MEC system. Results also show that the evaporative cooling systems can be effectively utilized for climatic conditions of Pakistan. However, the applicability of the systems is limited in humid season especially moon-soon season.
Keywords: Evaporative cooling, air-conditioning, lab-scale, experiments, Pakistan.
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IMRC-EN-35 EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF SLOPE REINFORCED WITH DEFORMED STEEL BARS EMBEDDED IN TIRE SHRED-SAND MIXTURE
Engr. Nadeem ul Khaliq, Prof. Dr. Irshad Ahmed, Geotechnical Engineering, UET, Peshawar, Engr. Beenish Jehan Khan,
CECOS University, Peshawar, Engr. Abdullah UET, Peshawar, Email:[email protected]
Abstract
This study analyses test on a large scale Mechanically stabilized earth wall Model having a size of 3x4x5 ft, backfilled with sand tire shred mixture in a ratio of 80-20 % by volume. The Model is 4 ft long, 5 ft in height and 3 ft wide. The backfill material of sand tire shred mixture in a ratio of 80-20% by volume is laid in equal layer having 6 inches thickness with deformed steel bar of diameter #4 as reinforcement. The MSE wall Model is instrumented with various types of instruments such as Extensometers, Potentiometers, Earth Pressure cells etc. This study reports the behavior of sand tire shred mixture backfill under different normal loading conditions. The backfill material is laid and compacted with the help of a tamping rod in equal layers of 6 inches with Deformed steel bars having 6 inches centre to centre spacing. An initial normal load of 20 kPa is applied on the backfill material in order to investigate the strain in the reinforcement, vertical movement of the soil and the deflection in the facing of the wall. The backfill is again subjected to an increased normal load of 40 kPa, 60 kPa and a maximum of 80 kPa and the behavior of backfill is observed. A Finite Element Model Commercial Geotechnical software PLAXIS 3D is used for numerical analysis. Finite Element model software has been used in this study in order to compare the numerical outcomes and the physical data obtained from experimental testing. It can be concluded from this study that tire shreds are a very useful material to be used in civil engineering applications as they are inexpensive, light weighted and have good drainage properties. From the numerical study it can be concluded that extra care should be taken in the input parameters while using finite element commercial geotechnical software and such like software are very useful to be used in the numerical analysis of MSE Walls.
Keywords: MSE wall, PLAXIS 3D, Tire shreds, Deformed steel bars, Finite Element Model, Normal Loads
IMRC-EN-42 EVALUATION OF PULL OUT BEHAVIOR OF PLANE AND DEFORMED STEEL BARS IN TIRE SHRED –SAND MIXTURE USING LARGE SCALE EMBANKMENT
Hafiz Muhammad Jamil, Irshad Ahmad,Beenish Jehan Khan
pg. 27
Cecos University, Peshawar, Engr bdullah,
UET Peshawar,
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
The primary aim of this research is to evaluate Pullout capacity of Deformed and Plane steel bars embedded in tire shred sand mixture. Metallic (strip and grids) and Geo-synthetics are commonly used as reinforcement in mechanically stabilized earth walls. In Pakistan these reinforcement materials are not commonly available and are imported from foreign. Therefore in this research locally available Steel bars are used. Tire shreds sand mixture is used as backfill materials. Pullout resistance is one of the major causes of failure in MSE walls. Pullout resistance depends upon interaction between reinforcement and backfill Materials. By pullout tests we can determine the pullout resistance.
Large scale test embankment was constructed at UET laboratory. large scale test embankment has 4ft x 3ft x 5ft dimensions. The wall of test facility was made of steel. Three sides of the test facility were welded to each other. The facing is made of steel plate and is removable. Pullout tests are performed on deformed and Plane steel bars at varying normal Pressure. Normal load is applied through hydraulic jack. Strain gauges are connected to each Steel bar at various locations along the length of the bar to measure strain. #4 and #6 dia of Bars of both plane and deformed steel are used. Pullout load is applied through horizontally placed hydraulic jack. The pullout load is measured by the load cell attached to the hydraulic jack. The pullout resistance increases with increase in normal load.
Keywords:Pull out Behavior, Deformed Steel Bars
IMRC-EN-42(A) REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: A QUALITY ASSURANCE PERSPECTIVE
1Fasee Ullah, 1Kamran Khan Tatari and 2Fazal Amin
1Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar.
2Procurement & Logistics Govt of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The global economy and furious competition have emerged the demand led and the customer focusedproducts where the roles of supply chain management (SCM) and information technology areindispensible. The flow of raw pg. 28
materials from suppliers and ultimately to the end users through a series of processeschallengethemaintenance of the associated quality issues. Unlike the requirements engineering where quality attributes (non-functional requirements) in terms of customer perceived outcomes such as usability, affectivity and efficiency are documented in the form of Software Requirements Specification (SRS); there is a deem necessity that quality issues that surfaces at any stage in supply chain managementbe traced and documented. The paper is an exploratory researchthat will identify various quality issues in supply chain management andhow the requirements engineering principles be incorporated as the coordinated management approach. The purpose of the research is devising standard that can trace, maintain and document all the quality related issues using concepts borrowed from requirements engineering. The proposed standard will help all the stakeholders in the process crystallization in terms of efficiency, clarity and quality.
Keywords: quality assurance, chain management
IMRC-EN-43
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF FACIAL RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS IN AN UNCONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENT
Farwa Safdar, Aftab Khan
Department of Computer Systems Engineering (DCSE), University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar, Pakistan
E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
Facial recognition systems have practical applications in fields such as security, forensic, etc. that is why these systems need to be accurate and reliable. But recognizing faces has become a challenging task due to factors such as pose, illumination, and expression variation, motion images, misalignment, people wearing different accessories (glasses, caps, scarves, etc.), occlusion, etc. that create obstruction in accurate identification of faces.
Keywords: Face recognition, unconstrained environment, pose variation, illumination variation.
IMRC-EN-44 UTILIZATION OF CAMERA SENSORS FOR SINGLE IMAGE BLIND DEBLURRING
Babar Naseer, Aftab Khan
pg. 29
Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Digital image processing plays important role in every field including medical, astronomy, geography, research and technology. In the modern era, communication can be done though images but there is a lot of distortion in images after transmission. The received image needs to be processed before using in other applications. Blind image deblurring plays an important role in the restoration of image. Digital images often suffer from degradation due to shortcomings in the capturing process which causesblur in the image. Different algorithms are developed and tested on different image datasets. These algorithms are developed on the basis of different blur models.
Keywords: Image Restoration, Blind Image Deblurring, Motion Blur, Camera Handshake, Camera Sensors.
IMRC-EN-46 WEARABLE BIONIC SENSOR BASED PATIENTS' HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME STREAM DATA MINING
Maryam Bashir, Dr Jawad Ashraf, Dr Asad Habib
Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and technology
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The modern real-time mobile healthcare systems have opened new avenues of research in monitoring round- the-clock health conditions of patients who suffer from certain diseases such as Dimentia and irregular Cardiac cycles etc. The wearable Bionic sensors and their sister technologies lie at heart of these health monitoring systems. The sporadic nature of a patient’s health condition may generate large and scattered datasets. Data mining of wearable sensors pose knotty challenges which need high accuracy for quick response, as data stream mining is spasmodic and complex.
Researchers are focusing on accurate data stream mining in order to obtain highly reliable results in observing patients’ physiological signals so that timely and appropriate treatment may be provided to them. We concocted an assessment of different data mining algorithms that are useful in mining and analyzing the retrieved data. Wearable sensors are used in clinical as well as non-clinical applications. In order to ignite future work in this important research domain, we brought to surface the challenges in different data mining processes, tasks and approaches. We also presented a critical review of various types of wearable sensors; specifically, those used in healthcare and patient monitoring systems and summarized potential applications of wearable Bionic sensors in both clinical and non-clinical terms.
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Key words: Real-Time Data Mining, Patient Health Monitoring, Wearable Bionic Sensors, Online Data Stream, Mobile Healthcare Systems, Automated Clinical Applications
IMRC-EN-48 COMPRESSIVE AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH ASSESSMENT OF GREEN CONCRETE FOR STRUCTURAL USE 1Adeed Khan, 2MuhammadTehseen Khan, 3Mohammad Adil, 4Mazhar Ali Shah 1,2,4 Civil Engineering Department, Iqra National University, Peshawar. 3Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar. [email protected] Abstract Climate change and environmental pressures are most important global issues these days. This is the key time to build up substitute sustainable building materials, decrease greenhouse gas productions, save energy, appearance to renewable energy sources and recycled materials, and decrease waste. The use of surplus materials (slag, fume silica, fly ash, glass powder, waste marble dust and so on) in concrete developed is important due to its engineering, environmental and ecological reimbursements. The environment troubles that are related to cement production and high utilization of natural resources makes the new studies moving forward to use materials having less environmental impact, thus, in this study we utilized fumed silica as cement replacement, waste glass powder and marble dust as replacing natural sand. Four mixes were prepared with different replacement ratios namely S1 (1.5 % Fume Silica, 10% Marble Dust and 5 % Glass powder), S2 (2 % Fume Silica, 15 Marble Dust and 10 % Glass powder), S3 (2.5 % Fume Silica, 20% Marble Dust and 15 % Glass powder) and S4 (3 % Fume Silica, 25% Marble Dust and 20 % Glass powder) and compared with controlled concrete sample. Total 15 Nos. of Concrete cylinders having dimensions 150mm x 300mm were prepared and total of 10 reinforced concrete beams were prepared for flexural strength with dimensions 152.4mm x 152.4 mm and 609.6 mm. Compressive and flexural strength test were conducted on samples. Samples were cured for 28 days and tested after curing period. Results shows highest value of strength tests with S4 mix sample. This enhancement in strength characteristic of concrete can be contributed to Fume silica.
Keywords: Green Concrete, Fume Silica, Waste Marble Dust, Waste Glass Powder and Strength.
IMRC-EN-49 pg. 31
ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBER COMPOSITES FOR BIOLOGICALLY SAFER ANTIBACTERIAL USES
Abdul Wahab Jatoi
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran-UET, Jamshoro-76062, Pakistan.
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known antimicrobial agents and have been extensively used owing to their superb antibacterial properties. The AgNPs can provide protection from microbial infections and help in rapid wound healing. However, prolonged exposure to AgNPs can induce detrimental side effects such as carcinoma, argyria and may lead to metal contamination. In order to exploit excellent antimicrobial properties of AgNPs while remaining safe from their harmful side-effects present research suggested utilization of AgNP based hybrid nanoparticles incorporated into nanofiber matrix. For this purpose, silica/AgNPs, TiO2/AgNPs, MWCNT/AgNPs and ZnO/AgNPs composite nanoparticles were synthesized. These hybrid nanoparticles were then incorporated into cellulose acetate (CA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions and fabricated into nanofiber webs using electrospinning. Thus PVA/silica/AgNPs, CA/TiO2/AgNPs, PVA/MWCNT/AgNPs and CA/ZnO/AgNPs composite nanofibers were fabricated. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR, SEM, XPS and antimicrobial assays. The XRD, TEM and XPS analysis confirmed synthesis of the respective hybrid nanoparticles and their embedding into the nanofiber matrix. It was confirmed that the AgNPs were generated on the surface of silica,
TiO2, MWCNT and ZnO nanoparticles. SEM images were used to investigate morphology of the fabricated nanofibers. For antimicrobial assays E. coli and S. aureus test strains were used. Both qualitative and quantitative antibacterial assays were performed. All the composite nanofibers were found to possess excellent antibacterial properties against the tested strains.
Keywords: Composite nanofibers, hybrid AgNPs, antimicrobial activities, biological safety, electrospinning.
IMRC-EN-50
DYNAMICS OF NET METERING IN PAKISTAN Muhammad Shoaib Khan1, a, Mohammad Adil2, b, Maham Tariq1, c, Irfan Ahmad4, d, Salma Noor5
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1,2,3 Department of Civil Engineering, UET Peshawar Department of Computer System, SBBWU Peshawar [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract: Many countries are facilitating their public by using net metering techniques for power production. Replacement of solar technology for energy generation is economical, green and sustainable as compare to other centralized generation which has negative impact on environment. Solar energy with net metering technique allow users for decentralized generation where they will produce power and get benefits from it. Pakistan is one of the most power struck crisis country although solar intensity in Pakistan is more and still their publics are not implementing net metering technique due to its complexity. Net metering technique is a system dynamics problem due to involvement of public with different ideas, behavior, knowledge, income etc., utilities and a lot of variables. The objective of this paper is to find out sustainability of net metering by system thinking approach. Causal loop diagram for net metering implementation has been drawn and factors that affect residents income and net metering implementation. It has been concluded that net metering is a choice of improving income level of residents. Keywords: Net metering, Solar energy, Decentralized generation, System dynamics, Causal loop diagram
IMRC-EN-51(A) SMART MOVIE PLAYER SYSTEM Muddassar Ali1 , Sadia Basar2 Awais Adnan3 1Computer Science Deptt., Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad 2Computer Science Deptt., Hazara University, Mansehra 3Computer Science Deptt., Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Smart Movie Player system allows users to play video and audio and when user pause the movie and click on the face of artist, face detection algorithm detectsandrecognizesthe face of artistwith already storedin local database in the system. The purpose of this system is to minimize efforts and time of manual search for finding detailed information regarding their favorite artists while watching movies.
Method: First of all, the user will run the proposed system, then select and load file (movie) of their own interest. If the users want more information about their favorite artists who are performing in the movie, so they will pause the scene of artists in the movie and watches information about famous artists of Hollywood, Bollywood and Lollywood, their list and ranking of movies, lists of previous wined awards information and detail about their future projects etc. are stored in local database. When user pause the scene so the proposed scheme detects the face pg. 33
and recognizer compared that desired face with the faces in the database.At the end, when the face matched, all the relevant and detailed information about that artist will be sent back to the proposed system.
Results:The proposed scheme loads media controls and other essential components that contains different menus. It helps to open dialog box for media files and containsPlay, Pause, Seek Bar, Volume and Volume Slider buttons to perform operation on currently playing media files.It will detect faces in the frame while pausing the scene and recognizer provides information about known faces and tag ‘Unknown faces”.
Conclusion:In this study, smart movie player designed and developed for frontal face detection and recognition the facesand also using as media player.It is designed and implemented using OpenCV with Python and wxpython, Face detection and recognition is implemented by using Haar cascade classifier for frontal face with 90% accuracywhich depends on dataset that trained the recognizer. The main limitation of the proposed system is that it only detects frontal pose of the face and ignores the side posed faces.
Keywords: Face detection, Face Recognition, Artist
IMRC-EN-53 An implementation of plagiarism detection tools Nabila Amir1, Neelam Gohar1 [email protected] [email protected] Computer Science. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University,
Abstract. Plagiarism is defined as taking of other people work or ideas and pretends it as your own. Internet is the biggest source of taking information which causes plagiarism. Actually plagiarism is a threat to educational organizations, which increasing day by day. It is an act of fraud because it involves both stealing of other work and lying about it later. Therefore, plagiarism detection becoming very important task for educational institutions, industries and for research organizations. For this a set of plagiarism tools and software’s have been proposed, based on different approaches for variety of languages. In this work, we proposed for first time these three plagiarisms detection algorithms in combination that work in two sequences, to better detect plagiarism in any document, as well as compare their performance. Keywords: Plagiarism, plagiarism detection, KMP, Rabin-Karp, LCSS.
IMRC-EN-54 PORTRAYAL OF TWO EMOTIONS IN TV CORPUS: A CORPUS BASED STUDY
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Shahzeb Shafi, BS English Studies (Corpus Linguistics) National University of Modern Languages, H-9 Islamabad. MA Economics, Punjab University, Lahore.
Email:[email protected] Abstract This paper is spread into the domains of Linguistics, Computer Science and Psychology. This study has outlined the application of Plutchik’s ‘Theory of Emotions’ on the TV Corpus built by Brigham Young University (BYU). A highly informal, colloquial English language TV Corpus by BYU is one of the latest corpora which is used in this research work for the study of emotions of ‘Joy and Sadness’ as proposed by RobertPlutchik in his ‘Psychoevolutionary Theory of Basic Emotions.’ The words and phrases use to describe these emotions and their frequency are the main findings. Oxford Thesaurus is used for the search of synonyms of these two emotions for data analysis. The words explaining emotions of joy and sadness are analyzed as well as their frequency and application is checked with the help of TV Corpus. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are looked at carefully for the research study of two primary antithetic emotions of joy and sadness, extensively employed in regular life conversations. Results are given by analyzing the synonyms on TV Corpus for everyday usage in TV serials, seasons and series. An emotional word which is used extensively in the TV Corpus is most appropriate to define a respective emotion of joy or sadness and vice versa. Keywords: TV Corpus, Theory of Emotions, Joy, Sadness, Oxford Thesaurus
IMRC-EN-55 ROLE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Mohsin Ali1, Zeeshan Najam2,3, Sheeraz Ahmed1,3, Muhammad Junaid4, Tariq Amir3 1Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan 2Ultimate Consultancy, Peshawar, Pakistan 3 Career Dynamics Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan 4 Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan [email protected]
Abstract
The nature of manufacturing systems faces ever more complex, dynamic and at times even chaotic behaviors. In order to being able to satisfy the demand for high-quality products in an efficient manner, it is essential to utilize all means available. One area, which saw fast pace developments in terms of not only promising results but also usability, is Machine Learning (ML). Promising an answer to many of the old and new challenges of manufacturing, ML is widely discussed by researchers and practitioners alike. However, the field is very broad and even confusing which presents a challenge and a barrier hindering wide application. Here, this paper contributes in presenting an pg. 35
overview of available ML techniques and structuring this rather complicated area. A special focus is laid on the potential benefit, and examples of successful applications in a manufacturing environment.
Keywords: Machine Learning (ML), Manufacturing, Reinforcement Learning (RL)
IMRC-EN-58 CAUSES OF DELAY IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FIRST PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITY IN ERSTWHILE FATA REGION, KP PAKISTAN Mirza Ali1, Allah Yar2,Shahid Iqbal3 1MS Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University Peshawar, Pakistan 2Lecturers, Higher Education Department, KP, Pakistan 3Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sarhad University Peshawar, Pakistan
Email: [email protected] Abstract Delays are one of the major issues of the development venture. Because of this, projects surpass projected time and cost. Retardation in the project can be reduced only when its reason is determined and evaluated. The main focus of this research study was to determine the delaying causes in FATA university establishment. The study follows a quantitative approach where a well-defined questionnaire was distributed among the professionals directly managing construction project of FATA University, i.e. the consultant, the contractor and the client for the data collection. Relative important index (RII) was employed in the research methodology to determine the significance of each delaying factor. Top five delaying causes in the establishment of FATA University project were recorded as (1) client having risk attitude, (2) coordination between client, contractor, and consultant, (3) slow decision effect, (4) consultant supervisory staff size and (5) frequent changes in design documents.The efficient management and planning of these delaying factors will positively affect the project completion time and its overall cost.
Keywords: FATA University, Erstwhile Fata Region, Construction Project, Construction Delay, Project Management.
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IMRC-EN-59 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS OF PARTIAL FIXITY JOINTS IN POST TENSIONED PRE-CAST STRUCTURE
Murad Ali, Naveed Iqbal, Saddiq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Anwar, Mohammad Adil Department of Civil Engineering, UET Peshawar, Pakistan. Email: [email protected] Abstract:
Reinforced concrete buildings are mostly in situ, in which structural elements are built on site and their connection among each other i.e. Beam-Column Connection are mostly pinned or rigid. These types of connection, when exposed to external excitation (Earthquake) then the moment produce is either taken as a whole by beam in case of pin connection or transfer to column in case of rigid connection. Also, in rigid connection negative Bending moment produces on the beam column joint. These moment in the structure elements causes’ tension and compression in the beam and column which cause damage to the structures. These connections need to be modified in order to consume the energy without damaging the structure when the structure is exposed to external loads. The connections in Pre stressed precast concrete structures behaves in between rigid and pin connection i.e. it has partial fixity or hybrid joints in which the energy produce by the external forces is consumed by opening & closing of joint without damaging the structure. The stiffness of this type joint is unknown by formula as for rigid or pin joint. This research study is performed to find experimentally the stiffness of partial fixity joint by applying load on the joint and find its deflection which are converted into stresses to find the rotational stiffness. The result obtain can be then used in the numerical study of pre stressed pre-cast concrete structures. From the value of stiffness, we concluded that the stiffness of partial fixity joint has value in between the pin connection and rigid connection stiffness.
Keywords:Beam-column Connection, Precast structures, pre stressing, hybrid joints or partial fixity joints, stiffness.
IMRC-EN-60 COMPOSITE VIRTUAL VIEW: STITCHING AROUND 360 DEGREE
Fouzia Idrees1, Dr.Awais Adnan2 1Department of Computer Science, SBBWU Peshawar, 2Department of Computer Sciences, IMSciences, Peshawar Email: [email protected]
Digital video is gaining immense popularity. Advancements in capturing and presentation technologies have opened new paradigms in (multimedia) video technologies. 3D view and 360 degree view is one of the most
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commonly used technologies nowadays. Most of these technologies are now focusing on large field of view, having advance scientific research applications such as, space, common TV programs and photography. Most of these solutions work by stitching multiple images in different directions to construct a composite image. Currently most of the research is focused on stitching of images/frames linearly on a 2D plane. Similarly most of the available research is about 3D space and the creation of 360 degree view. However all the previous research has been directed towards 360 degree view around a central point. The proposed work presents a unique approach to generate composite view. In such a setup the viewer is supposed to view the scene from the 360 degrees around the object. The proposed work suggests two approaches for composite view creation. The first approach deals with line of projection perpendicular to scene under observation. The frames from different cameras are captured at particular time tn. Moreover, the required transformations are applied and images are stitched using SURF to form a cylindrical view. Different metadata are embedded with the stitched images to provide a composite view. While in the second approach, the line of projection is above the scene and at a particular angle. Such types of scenes have shared and complex background composition due to which existing stitching algorithms is not applicable. The proposed approach uses SURF to extract features from all frames captured at a particular time tn. Using these features and metadata (view point, angle of view), frames are stitched vertically to form a composite view. A set of eight cameras are used for the proposed experiment. The cameras are arranged at fixed angles (0o, 45o, 90o, 135o, 180o, 225o, 270o, 315o) around the object. The proposed solution works well for the specified setup and have the flexibility to work efficiently for other setup arranged in circular path.
Keywords: stiching, virtual space, 3D-view, 360o degree view, composite
IMRC-EN-61
NON-CONVERGENCE OF ITERATIVE BEHAVIOUR IN VOTING
Neelam Gohar, Hifsa Ayub, Maryam Siraj and Sana Javed Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Email:[email protected]
Abstract pg. 38
In Artificial Intelligence, Multi-agents’ decision problem in which independent agents collect preferences order among all the possibilities, as a result of this collection can be of single alternative according to this collective decision. Voting is a technique for collecting preferences from multiple agents. One issue that can be arise is manipulation in which voters misrepresent their vote. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a study of voter’s iterative behavior under the K-approval rule. Our pragmatic method contains a voting game in which participants vote for a candidate out of a given set. In previous work, cycles are generated by allowing different manipulative moves using plurality rule. We further extend the work by adding another move with previous set of possible manipulations and proved the non-convergence for k-Approval as well as veto rule.
Keywords: Multi-agent system, Iterative voting, Game theory, Manipulation
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Life Sciences
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IMRC-NS-10 ANTI-DIABETIC AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF NOVEL FLAVONE DERIVATIVES 1Waqas Jamil, 2Mohammad Taha,3Maria Yousuf, 1Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences,University of Sindh, 76080, Jamshoro. 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdul Rehman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia , 3Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Email: [email protected] Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome caused due to irregular carbohydrate and protein metabolism. This irregulation may responsible for the deficiency of insulin and produces some acute chronic complications. Diabetics commonly marked by hyperglycaemia. α-glucosidase belong to the glycosyl hydrolase-31, family of hydrolases. The inhibitors of α-glucosidase specifically targets the postprandial hyperglycaemia, therefore these inhibitors may be an excellent option as first-line drug in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus [1,2]. A series of Novel Flavone derivatives 1-20 were synthesized and their structures were established via spectroscopic (IR, H1NMR, and mass) techniques. These Compounds showed remarkable α- glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 ranges 1.02 -38.10 μMand found to have many fold better active than the standard Acarbose (IC50 = 39.45 ± 0.11). The inhibition pattern revealed that substitution on phenyl part may play influential role for the activity. Consequently, these compounds can serve as better leads for the anti-diabatic drug development process. Furthermore, some of the active compounds were subjected to in silico studies for better understanding of binding modes.
IMRC-NS-88
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L.) GERMPLASM THROUGH AGRO MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION GROWN IN PAKISTAN
Mohammad Ihsan, Iftikhar Ahmad, Abid Ullah and Mohammad Nisar
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Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir Lower-18550, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is one ofthe important oilseed crop and grown all overtheworld.It contained maximum amount ofprotein and other important essentialsvitamins that play important role in our dailylife. Forcontinuous improvement of this crop, it isimportant to develop new plant speciesagainst biotic and abiotic stress resistant linesthrough efficient genetic diversity methods. In the current study, we have analyzed 25 diverse accessions of soybeanusing 19 important agro morphological traits. Our results have revealed the existence of high levels of useful morphological diversity within these accessions. The genotype NS 22 produced the tallest plant having 26 cm followed by NS4 having 25 cm. The genotype NS 18 produced most number of pods per plant 117 followed by NS20 having 116 pods per plant, NS3 was the earliest days to flower initiation and are early mature genotype take 85 days to maturity. The maximum hundred seed weight 21 gm was found in NS18 followed by NS19 having 20 gm seed weight. However the maximum seed yield per plant 49 gm was found in NS19 followed by NS20 having 46 gm yield per plant. Cluster analysis based on agro morphological traits divided 25 accessions into 4 clusters, where NS1 and the NS20 accessions were found the most diverse. DF (50%) was strongly significant correlated with DFI. DM is significantly correlated with DFI and DF (50%) and with DFC, LWD is negatively correlated with PH. Number of seeds per pods is negatively correlated with PH with. yield per plant is significant correlated with number of pods per plant and negatively correlated with PH. Furtheremore, resolution of accessions within the dendrograms was not synonymous, and the varition observed in the respective positions of the same genotype in clusters highlights the importance of DNA based analysis to understand their true relationship and estimate precise diversity within these accessions.Our results have implications for both understanding the diversity and relationships amongthese diverse Glycine Max accessions and may provide a baseline for obtaining locally adapted elite germplasm of soybean.
Key words: Genetic diversity, Glycine Max, morphology, cluster analysis, PCA.
IMRC-NS-90 GENETIC DIVERSITY IN OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) GERMPLASM THROUGH AGRO MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION GROWN IN PAKISTAN
Muhammad Ihsan, Rehan Ullah and Mohammad Nisar
Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir Lower-18550, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Oat is regarded as most important cereal crop throughout the world and used as an important source of essential nutrients for human consumption. It is also used as multipurpose crop for grain, pasture and forage. It is considered to be one of the best dual purpose cereal crops that fit well into the platter of human and cattle as pg. 42
well. Forcontinuous improvement of this crop, it isimportant to develop new plant speciesagainst biotic and abiotic stress resistant linesthrough efficient genetic diversity methods. In the current study, we have analyzed 40 diverse accessions of oatusing 20 important agro morphological traits. Our results have revealed the existence of high levels morphological diversity within these accessions. The genotype IH7 produced the tallest plant having 110 cm and lowest PH was found in IH31 having 65 cm. The genotype IH10 produced most number of tiller per plant 9.6 while lowest 2.8 was found in IH33, IH3 was the earliest days to flower initiation taking 100 days while IH15 take 122 days to flower initiation. IH1 are early mature genotype take 127days to maturity..However the maximum seed yield per plant 29 gm was found in IH15 while lowest 8.8 gm was observed in IH6. Cluster analysis based on agro morphological traits divided 40 accessions into 6 clusters, where IH1 and the IH40 were found the most diverse genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed significant in DM shows significant correlated with DF. L/P show strongly correlation with NOT, LL show significant correlation with NOT. PH is negatively correlated with DFI and DM. Furtheremore, resolution of accessions within the dendrograms was not synonymous, and the varition observed in the respective positions of the same genotype in clusters highlights the importance of DNA based analysis to understand their true relationship and estimate precise diversity within these accessions.Our results have implications for both understanding the diversity and relationships amongthese diverse Oataccessions and may provide a baseline for obtaining locally adapted elite germplasm of soybean.
Key words: Genetic diversity, Avena Sativa, morphology, cluster analysis.
IMRC-NS-91 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOSPHERIC FUNGI AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND PLANT GROWTH
Abid Ullah, Irfan Ullah and Mohammad Nisar
Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir Lower-18550, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Microbially unexplored legume plants can have a genetically diverse microbial population with multi-functional plant growth promoting or repressing traits. Altogether, 82 fungal strains were isolated fromthe rhizosphere of Phaseolus valgaris, an important legume plants. Isolated fungal strains were evaluated for different activities, among them 4 strains were selected for 18s Rdna gene sequencing due to their prominent results. The 18s Rdna gene sequencing homology of the representative strain F129, F115, F112 and F116 were assigned toPurpureocilliumlilacinum, Aspergillus oryza, Trichoderma hazariumandFussariumoxysporiumrespectively. Phylogenetic tree indicated evolutionary relationship of these fungus to their closely related species. In order to determine the plant growth and salt tolerant capability, all of the representative fungal isolates were applied to Phaseolus vulgaris under normal and salt stress conditions.Purpureocilliumlilacinum and Aspergillus oryzawere found plant growth promotor and salt tolerant fungal species. On the other hand,TrichodermahazariumandFussariumoxysporiumwere plant growth repressor. In addition, heat and salt
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tolerant capability and soil Ph under in vitro conditions were also evaluated. Furthermore, the isolation of these fungal species from Phaseolus vulgarisis novel in association to this plant.Owing to these characters, the representative isolated fungus are suggested to be used in bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides.
Keywords: Fungi, Plant Microbe Interactions, Biofertilizer, Genetic diversity
IMRC-NS-14 COMBINED ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF ORGANIC EXTRACT OF OCIMUM BACILICUM AND HONEY AGAINST ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
1Syed AliRaza Shah and 2Farhana Maqbool
1. Department of Microbiology, AbdulWali Khan University, Mardan.
2. Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
Objective: From the very long time, the products which are obtained from the plants are used for the treatment of different human and animal diseases. The potential threats and side effects of the synthetic drugs can resultedin increased interest in the use of natural products and remedies. Ocimumbasilicum is commonly known as scented leaves and holy basil and it is mostly grown for culinary purposes. Honey is the most primitive, nourishing and healing agent. In the study, different brands of Honey were tested. The present study was carried out on the pharmacological and synergistic activity of the organic extracts of Ocimumbasilicum and local honey brands against different strains of Enterobacteriaceae.
Method: Data were collected from 500 individuals and was evaluated for the percent use of different local honey brand by the people. Different concentrations of honey were made in sterilized deionized water i.e. 20% v/v, 50% v/v, 70% v/v, 90% v/v and pure undiluted samples of the honey. Agar well diffusion method was used to check the anti-enterobacterial activity of plant Ocimumbasilicum and different brands of honey. For the synergistic studies of Ocimumbasilicum, crude extracts and honey was mixed with each other. Two dilutions of all honey samples were used (20% v/v and 50% v/v). Concentrations were made using sterilized deionized water. 1mg of the crude methanolic extracts was added to the samples.
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Results: Hamdard was the most effective brand. E.coli was resistant to most of the honey samples. At 20% concentration, Hamdard honey was found to be the most effective against almost all strains. At 50% concentration, Hamdard honey was active on 3 bacterial strains. Azka was the least effective brand by inhibiting almost all bacterial strains. At 70% concentration, highest activity was observed against E.coli (v) by Ume Shifa. At 90% concentration, Marhaba gave largest zone oagainstE.coli (H). Mixture of 1mg plant extracts and 20% v/v concentration of all honey samples showed highest anti-enterobacterial activity. 50% v/v concentration of honey samples and 1mg plant extract gave zones in the range of 9mm to 24mm.
Conclusion: Herbal medicines are better for health as compared to allopathic medicines because phytomedicines are naturally balanced because they represent a natural source. A combination of plant extracts and honey can be extremely useful in the future researches and provide a great possibility of introducing novel drugs in the market. A standard should be devised for the physical and chemical characteristics of honey that should be strictly followed as well. Increased attention is required in terms of research on honey.
Key words: Ocimumbasilicum, Phytomedicines, Enterobacteriaceae
IMRC-NS-16 EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON VOLATILE FLAVOR PROFILE OF ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM (L.)MATON (CARDAMOM) FROM PAKISTAN 1,2Naeem Khan, 2,3Nargis Jamila, 1Nadia Farooq, 1Uzma Arif, 1Aleena Javid and 1Aniqa Saeed 1 Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat,, Pakistan , 2Deparment of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea , 3Deparment of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Abstract This study aimed to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on the volatile flavor compounds of seed spice Elettariacardamomum(L.) Maton (Cardamom). The samples were irradiated in triplicate at 1, 5, 10 and 20 kGy doses of gamma ray. The volatile flavor compounds were extracted by simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction (SDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatile flavor changed slightly by gamma irradiation as some of the compounds showed a slight increase or decrease in concentration after ionization treatments. A total of 135 (10684.05 mg/kg) volatile flavor compounds were detected in non-irradiated samples which increased to 136 for 1 kGy (11628.58 mg/kg) and 5 kGy (11065.44 mg/kg), and 137 for 10 kgy (10830.24 mg/kg) and 20 kGy (11506.31 mg/kg) γ- irradiated samples. No major change was observed in the application of gamma irradiation treatments of the samples compared to the non-irradiated ones. Gamma Irradiation was therefore concluded to have no adverse effect on the volatile flavor of Elettariacardamomum(L.) Maton and doses up to 20 kGy were declared not to interfere with the flavor perception of the consumers. Key words: Elettariacardamomum(L.) Maton, gamma irradiation, SDE, GC-MS, Pakistan
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IMRC-NS-23 STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC METALS IN FEMALE LUNG CANCER PATIENTS
1Muhammad Abdul Qayyum, 2Zahid Farooq, 1Muhammad Yaseen,
1Mian HR Mahmood and 3Khawaja Muddassir
1Department of Chemistry, University of Education (Lahore) Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000.
2Department of Physics, University of Education (Lahore) Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000.
3Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer of women both in the U.S. and around the world. Besides cigarette smoking, an important feature in the aetiology of lung cancer is its strong association with exposure of toxic metals. However, less is known about their carcinogenic potential to play a role in lung tumorigenesis and prognosis. The purpose of the study was to compare serum concentrations of toxic and essential elements (Cd, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Hg, Na, As, K, Zn, Ni, Sr, Li and Ni) in the lung cancer female patients with those of healthy subjects by atomic absorption spectrometry after wet-acid digestion of the serum samples. Comparative appraisal of the data revealed that concentrations of Cr, Mg, Cd, Pb, Hg, As and Ni were significantly elevated in serum of lung cancer female patients, while the average levels of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Na, K, Zn and Se were found at higher levels in female controls (P< 0.05). However, Ca content depicted almost comparable in the serum of both donor groups.The correlation study revealed significantly different mutual associations among the toxic and essential elements in the serum of lung cancer patients compared with the controls. Multivariate cluster analysis based on the metal levels in patients and controls reveals clearly separate grouping for the patients and healthy donors. Moreover, principal component analysis shows divergent grouping of the toxic and essential elements for the patients and healthy females, which may be associated with the altered metabolism of the toxic and essential elements in lung cancer patients.Hence, present findings suggest that the toxic and essential metals accumulated in the body may pose a high risk for lung cancer development.
Keywords Serum; Lung Cancer; Females; Multivariate analysis; Metals
IMRC-NS-25 AN INTEGRATIVE “OMICS” APPROACH, FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BONA FIDES PLK1 ASSOCIATED BIOMARKER IN OESOPHGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA pg. 46
1,2Nousheen Bibi, 2Sajid Rashid, 3Judith Nicholson, 4Mark Malloy, 5Rob O’Neill,
6David Blake and Ted 5Hupp
1Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawer, Pakistan,
2National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,
3 Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom,
4Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney,
New South Wales 2109,Australia,
5Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 6Cyclacel Ltd., Dundee, United Kingdom
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
Background: The rapid expansion of genome wide profiling techniques offers the opportunity to utilize various types of information collectively in the study of human health and disease. Overexpression of Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) is associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), however biological functions and molecular targets of PLK1 in OAC are still unknown.
Objectives: Here we performed integrative analysis of two “omics” data sources to reveal high level interactions of PLK1 associated with OAC.
Methods: Initially, quantitative gene expression (RPKM) was measured from transcriptomics data set of four OAC patients. In parallel alteration in phosphorylation levels was evaluated in the proteomics data set (mass spectrometry) in OAC cell line (PLK1 inhibited). Next two “omics” data sets were integrated and through comprehensive analysis possible true PLK1 targets that may serve as OAC biomarkers were assembled.
Results: Through experimental validation small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) and heat shock protein beta- 1 (HSPB1) were identified as novel phosphorylation targets of PLK1. Consequently in vivo, in situ and in silico experiments clearly demonstrated the interaction of PLK1 with putative novel targets (SUMO1 and HSPB1).
Conclusion: Identification of a PLK1 dependent biosignature in OAC with high confidence in two omics levels proven the robustness and efficacy of our integrative approach.
Key words: Omics, PLK1, SUMO1, HSPB1, kinase
IMRC-NS-28 pg. 47
EFFECTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILISSYNTHESIZED IRON OXIDENANOPARTICLES ON SEED GERMINATION OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) IN ARSENIC CONTAMINATED WATER
1Sehresh Khan, 1Nazneen Akhtar, 2Shafiq Ur Rehman, 3Shaukat Shujah and 1Muhammad Jamil
1Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
2Department of Botany,Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat.
3Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination is a serious problem in developing countries like Pakistan. Rice is most important food crop grown under flooded condition and accumulate higher amount of As in grains. Nano-bioremediation has an effective strategy to remove arsenic from water. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the impact of
Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) (5, 10 and 15ppm) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds grown in arsenic contaminated water. The seeds were sterilized with sodium hypochloride solution and allowed to germinate in Petri plates irrigated with arsenic contaminated water along with Bacillus subtilis synthesized
Fe2O3 NPs solution. Result showed that seeds germination in Petri plates containing Bacillus subtilis synthesized
Fe2O3 NPs solution was significantly increased as compared to seeds grown in arsenic contaminated water. Root and shoot lengths were also significantly improved in As water containing Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe2O3 NPs.
It was observed that Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe2O3 NPs were more efficient to remediate As from contaminated water and improve rice growth. Thus from the present study, it is evident that at a lower concentration of Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe2O3 NPs have a potential to be used as effective nanofertilizer to enhance plant growth.
Keywords: Water pollution, arsenic, nanoparticles, nano-remediation,
IMRC-NS-34 CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS COOKE (WINT.) ISOLATES SAMPLED FROM APPLE GROWING AREAS OF SWAT AND CHITRAL IN PAKISTAN
Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah, Rifat Ali, M. Ibrahim, M. Ibrahim and M. Sawood
Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected] pg. 48
Abstract
During fall 2017, 46 scab fungus (i.e. Venturia inaequalis) isolates were sampled from five different apple growing locations in Swat (i.e. Beha, Gwalarai, Kalam, Nalkot and Pashtunai) and a sole location in Chitral (i.e. Buni). Isolates were revived, pure cultures were developed and colony characteristics were studied and compared in vitro. Major differences were observed in various studied characteristics including colony color, shape, texture, distribution, margin, growth pattern, elevation, aerial hyphae and sporulation after incubation for 7-10 days on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium at 18-200C. White to dark grey color was recorded in all isolates while some were observed with tan color in the middle. The texture for various isolates was recorded in the range of wooly to cottony and some were velvety. A minor difference was noticed in colony margin of different isolates. In most of the isolates, a ciliated margin was observed. Radiate growth pattern was recorded in most of the isolates and some were with flowery appearance. The aerial hyphae were present but with minimum aerial growth. A very light to moderate range of spores developed in different isolates of V. inaequalis. The colony distribution and shape were recorded as periphery and scattered. A flat to raised surface of colony was observed in all isolates. Other growth media needs to be tested for comprehensive morphological characterization of these isolates.
Keywords:Venturiainaequalis, vitro.
IMRC-NS-36 OCCURRENCE OF TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL DISEASE ON SPRING TOMATO CROP IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Muhammad Ibrahim and Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah
Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Tarnab Peshawar,
Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl caused by Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating viral disease which reduce production as well as tomato quality. Spring tomato crop (commercial variety Lauriqa) was raised during 2017 at Research Farm of Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Peshawar. Field symptoms including curling of leaves, intervienal chlorosis, mosaic, and stunting with small sized fruits were observed and studied in detail alongwith fruit fly vector. Based on symptomotology and presence of Bamesiatabaci vector (0-13/plant) in the crop, the disease was diagnosed as Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl disease. Incidence and severity of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl disease was 64 and 90%, respectively. Disease incidence is enhancing in the region and resistant germplasm is required for general cultivation in Khyber Pakhtunkwa province of Pakistan to combat this disease.
Keywords: Tomato, Yellow Leaf Curl Disease
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IMRC-NS-40 TO ASSESS THE PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN.
Noor Jahan Begum, Abida Parveen, Asima Azam, Rabea Ejaz, Iram Maqsood and Saira Saleem
Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is the leading cause of anemia in the world. It can affect the health status of an individual. According to the 2008 report of WHO, 1.62 billion (24.8%) people are affected worldwide from anemia. This occurrence of anemia is more serious in developing countries where about 60% of the pregnant women are anemic. An observational cross sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factor for anemia in pregnant women for 6 months from March 2018 to August 2018, at Obstetrics & Gynecology department, lady reading hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. Blood samples were collected from 200 pregnant women in the age group (15-35) years and the questionnaires were filled at the time of blood collection. In the current study the overall prevalence rate of anemia in pregnant women was (59 %) including mild, moderate and severe anemia. Anemia was most prevalent in the third trimester (72.99%) as compare to the second and first trimester. In illiterate women the anemia percentage was higher (69.29%) than literate. Higher percentage of anemia was found in patients having age group 31-35 (75%), lower socioeconomic status (95.23%), 7 months birth gap interval (93.99%), 5 parity (88.88%), no use of iron supplementation during pregnancy (84.09%) and no meat intake (77.77%). Awareness about the importance of taking iron supplementation and nutritional counseling of extra meal and iron – rich foods during pregnancy is recommended to prevent anemia in the pregnant women.
Keywords: anemia, pregnant women
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IMRC-NS-42 COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS IN REDUCING SYMPTOMS AND DURATION OF DEPRESSION.
1Darakhshan Masroor, 2Syed Muzzammil Ahmad, 1Nudrat Fatima, 2Nadia Ahmed and 2Iqbal Azhar
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Karachi.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Objective: In this study two different types of therapies are compared for depression that belong to allopathic and herbal systems. The Fluoxetine [HCL] is compared with Hypericum perforatum assessing the symptoms or complications prevented during treatment of condition.
Method: For both system of therapies a total of 356 patients of age group between 25 to 75 were selected by stratified random sampling. Patient’s data were collected through the layered style interviews questionnaires and opinion surveys consist of both open and closed ended questions. The mean effectiveness of Flouxetine [HCL] and Hypericum perforatum was calculated in terms of averages of effectiveness of both therapies in reducing two major symptoms of depression which are ‘Feeling bad about oneself and failure’ and ‘Thoughts of hurting oneself’ as well as the duration of a condition in both therapies.
Results:Mean effectiveness of reduction of feeling bad about oneself and failure and thoughts of hurting oneself per hour in Flouxetine therapy was observed to be at 24.09% ± 7.39% and 24.54%±7.90% per patient per onset of depression, respectively in overall population. In comparison with the Fluoxetine, the Hypericumperforatum was account for effectively reducing symptoms, i.e. 12.51% more reduction of ‘Feeling bad about oneself and failure’ and 11.07% more reduction of ‘Thoughts of hurting oneself’. Hypericum perforatum also reduced the duration of depression 11.79% more than Fluoxetine. Hence, the difference of mean total effectiveness was found to be in favor of Hypericum perforatumi.e. -11.79% ± 9.07%.
Conclusions: In comparison with Fluoxetine, Hypericum perforatum found to provide more effectiveness in treating the symptoms as well as reducing the duration of depression.
Keywords:Hypericumperforatum, Flouxetine, Depression, Cost Effective Analysis.
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IMRC-NS-43 SONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF A JEJUNOJEJUNAL INTUSSUSCEPTION IN A PERSIAN CAT
1Shehla Gul Bokhari, 1Asim Khalid Mahmood, 1Uzma Farid Durrani and 2Saima Masood
1Pet Centre, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore
2Department of Anatomy and Histology, UVAS, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
A 15-month old, 4 kg Persian female was presented at the Pet Centre, UVAS, Lahore. History reported anorexia and vomiting since 4-days, and no recovery despite medical treatment. Clinical examination revealed dehydration, depression and abdominal pain. The vomitus was a yellow-brown color. On abdominal palpation, a sausage-like mass was palpated in the cranial abdominal quadrant. The case was suspected to be intestinal intussusception, based on the history, lack of progress and abdominal palpation findings. B-mode sonography using 7.5 MHz curvilinear transducer was performed and the intussusception confirmed in the scans, owing to typical trident sign on longitudinal scan and alternating dark and light bands with a piece of mesenteric fat interposed between the intussusceptum, on transverse scans. Laparotomy, performed for an end-to-end anastomosis, confirmed the presence of the intussusception. The queen was also found 15-days’ pregnant [as per owner feed-back] and spaying was also performed simultaneously.
Key Words: Jejunojejunal intussusception; cat; sonography; trident sign; end-to-end-
Figure 1. Longitudinal Section of Figure 2. Transverse section of Intussusception: “Hay Fork / Trident” intussusception: alternating dark and light appearance, with alternating white and black concentric rings; mesenteric fat (M) lines in oblong fashion. M: Mesenteric fat. hyperechoic: characteristic “Bull’s Eye” appearance. 1, Proximal prolapsed loop; 2, Distal prolapsed loop; 3, Distal intestinal segment.
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nastomosis.
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IMRC-NS-47 CARBAPENEMASE DETECTION AMONG NOSOCOMIAL DRUG RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE IN DISTRICT MARDAN
Adil Khaliq, Hazir Rehman, Raham Sher and Tahir Hussain
Microbiology Department, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of the study is to find prevalence of K. pneumoniae among hospital acquired infections, the resistance pattern against antibiotics and molecular study of carbapenemase producing isolates.
Materials & Methods
In this study 1100 samples were collected from a tertiary care hospital of district Mardan, KPK Pakistan. Out of which, 110 isolates identified as K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disc diffusion method followed by phenotypic detection of carbapenemase, while PCR used for molecular detection of carbapenemase gene.
Results
All the strains (n=110; 100%) were found resistant to cloxacillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin and fosfomycin, (n=72; 65.4%) to meropenem and (n= 63; 57.2%) to imipenem. PCR result verifies that NDM gene was the most common (n=25; 22.7%) followed by KPC (n=15; 13.6%), and the most least OXA (n=01; 0.9%) while isolates exhibiting two genes KPC and NDM (n=02; 1.8%).
Conclusions
The most common reasons for triggering these circumstances, where the inappropriate prescription and misuse of antibiotics. This study will help healthcare professional to choose appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of K. pneumoniae infections.
Keywords Klebsiella pneumoniae, Carbapenemase, Nosocomial, Drug resistant.
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IMRC-NS-50 DOPING CLEAN SPORT: ELITE ATHLETES’ ATTITUDES, ROLE, AND USE
Salahuddin Khan and Alamgir Khan
Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education,
Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Purpose: Athletes at the elite level are considered one of the significant actors of doping clean sport. The main purpose of the study was to assess the attitude, use of doping and role of elite athletes in doping clean sports in Pakistan.
Method: The study was supported by cross-sectional survey using a quantitative research design. The athletes, those who participated in different sports such as Athletics, Boxing, Hockey, Handball, Table Tennis, Tennis, Martial Arts, Swimming, and Squash at National and International level completed the survey. A self-developed questionnaire encompassing the main variables of the study was developed and then used for data collection. A total of 168 (96 males, 72 females) elite athletes were included in the study.
Main Findings: Based on the data analysis, the overall mean and Std. Deviation were found at 3.43 &. 240 indicating that the respondents were having a very positive attitude towards doping clean sports. Similarly, the role of elite athletes on doping clean sport was significantly positive with mean score 4.05 and Std. Deviation .062. Meanwhile, a very slight percentage of the respondents like 7.7% reported that they use illegal substances for enhancing sports performance. The analyzed data have shown statistical differences in the perspectives of the attitude, role and use of doping in sports based on the gender as well as level of sports participation among elite athletes.
Keywords: Elite Athletes, Attitude, Role, Doping in Sport & Doping Clean Sport
IMRC-NS-52 DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF H. PYLORI ISOLATED FROM GASTRIC BIOPSIES OF PATIENTS FROM KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Muhammad Taj Akbar pg. 55
Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Abstract
H. pylori remain unbeatable uptill now and prevalence rate is increasing day by day. classified in Gram negative, microaerophilic, spiral shape bacteria, they are remain in the top causing peptic ulcer, dyspepsia, gastritis, and believed to be involved in gastric lymphoma, for the complete eradication of H.pylori from the body is not reported, however combinations of antibiotics such as Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Levefloxacine, Tetracycline, Metronidazol. The antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori isolates was carried out by the Kirby Bauer technique against Metronidazole, Clarithromycin , Amoxicillin , Tetracycline , Levofloxacin. To study the drug susceptibility pattern of H. pylori in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
400 patients were referred to endoscopy sections for biopsy. The biopsy were cultured on Columbia agar medium, Among these isolates 40 isolates were found positive by confirming by biochemical and histopatholoical examinations. H. pylori strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility following Kirby bauer method. Results showed 85% resistance to Metronidazol, 65% resistance to Amoxicilline, 40% resistance to Clarithromycin, 35% resistance to Leveofloxcine, and less than 20% resistance to Tetracycline, Multidrug resistance were observed in 55% patient.Current study reflects the increasing of drug resistance pattern in H. pylori.. The use of these antibiotics for other indications and noncompliance seems to be the major risk factor for the progression of resistance.
Key words: H. pylori, Drug resistance, Multi drug resistance, antimicrobials, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
IMRC-NS-56 DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF ORGANOTIN(IV) THIOCARBOXYLATES AS POTENTIAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AND ANTITUMOR AGENTS Fatima Javed, AaliyaMinhaz and Nargis Jamila Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar. Email: [email protected] Abstract Addressing the organometallics as potential chemotherapeutic agents, a new class of organotin(IV) thiocarboxylates have been synthesized via multistep reaction in anhydrous toluene [1]. The structural and coordination behavior of donor groups were analyzed by using different analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, multinuclear (1H and 13C) NMR and single crystal analysis,. Based on the results, it was observed that thiocarboxylate ligands coordinated to the metallic-Sn) via [O, O] or [S, S] donor sites with trigonal bipyramidal geometry [2]. The UV-Vis studies confirmed that ligand and its complexes bind to SS-DNA via intercalative interactions resulting in hypochromism with red and blue shifts. The negative values of ΔG assign the spontaneity of complex-DNA adduct formation. The binding constants K were
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also calculated from the intercept- slope ratios by using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation [3]. The cytotoxic activities of these novel Organotin complexes presented a new line of antitumor agents that could also serve as a potential source of chemoprotective agent(s) which is the major challenge for the chemists and pharmacologist at the present time [4]. The synthesized compounds also showed good activities of protein kinase and alkaline phosphatase inhibition [5]. The compounds were screened for antileishmanial tests and exhibited the highest anti-leishmanial activity that exceeded the activity of the reference drug amphotericin B, probably by blocking the function of parasitic mitochondria due to which it restricts further growth of organisms [6]. The present study could be a significant step toward synthesis and implication of organotin(IV) thiocarboxylates as potential chemotherapeutic and antitumor agents in drug discovery. Keywords:Organotin(IV), thiocarboxylates, chemotherapeutic, antitumor agents
IMRC-NS-62
CAUSES OF DROUGHTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE : A CASE STUDY OF POTWAR REGION PUNJAB Saira Batool, Faisal Akraam, Syed Amer Mahmood, Imran Siddqiue Kaukab, Amer Masood and Nida Farooq, Remote Sensing Group, Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract . This study focuses on the exploring the general causes of droughts and their impact on agriculture in Potwar Region of the Punjab. The Potwar located about 32.5˚N to 34.0˚N Latitude and from about 72˚E to 74˚E Longitude. This region also included major part of Attock, Jhelum, Rawalpindi and Chakwal. Total area of Potwar region is 28488.9 sq. Km. Main crops which are grown in Potwar region included barley, bajra, wheat, gram, maize and groundnut. The study consists of three objectives which includes to determine the drought condition in Potwar region, to study the crops cultivated in the study area and to analyze the impact of droughts on agriculture in the study areas (Jehlum and Rawalpindi). Analysis was based on quantitative data and ranges from the years 1986 to 2015. Data of temperature and rain-fall obtained from Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi (PMD) and data related to crops produced in Potwar Region (barley, bajra, wheat, gram, maize) obtained from Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad (PARC) and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Islamabad (PBS). The SPI calculation based on record of precipitation for specific duration. The negative values of SPI represent rainfall deficit, whereas positive values of SPI indicate rainfall surplus. Intensity of drought event can be classified according to the magnitude of negative SPI values such that the larger the negative SPI values are, the more
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serious the event would be. SimilarlySPI for Rawalpindi and Jehlum districts are examined and analyzed. From the analysis of drought events, it is expected that the severity of drought and impact of SPI on agriculture to be more often in the future if precautionary measures could not be applied in the area.
KeyWords: Drought, agriculture, PMD, PARC, PBS, Potwar, SPI.
IMRC-NS-64 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS OF CHITOSAN CONJUGATED MANGANESE MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES
1Hamayun Khan, 1Abdul Kabir Khalil, 2Adnan Khan
1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar.
2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan conjugated manganese magnetic nanocomposites (Mn-CCMN) were synthesized via a modified co-precipitation method. The synthesized Mn-CCMN were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDX spectroscopic techniques. The FT-IR data confirmed the successful synthesis of the material, whereas the XRD analysis showed the amorphous nature of Mn-CCMN. The SEM results declared the irregular shape with porous surfaces and almost uniform particle size of Mn-CMMN with an average grain size of 873 nm and desired elemental composition as confirm from the EXD spectral data. It was concluded that the Mn-magnetic nanoparticles were well-embedded in the chitosan polymer matrix. The point of zero charge and band gap energy of the synthesized material was also determined. The photocatalytic applications of the synthesized Mn-CCMN pg. 58
was investigated under UV-light irradiation (254 nm and 15 W) in the aqueous medium using crystal violet (CV) as a model environmental pollutant. The effect of various operating parameters such as irradiation time, pH, catalyst dose and concentration of dye was studied and at the optimal conditions, Mn-CCMN was applied for the photocatalytic degradation of CV in the real samples. The synthesized material showed excellent photocatalytic property and fitted with the first order kinetics. The synthesized Sn-CCMN was recycled and reused, maintaining excellent photocatalytic activity for four consecutive batches.
IMRC-NS-66 AN APPROACH FOR BETTER MAMMOGRAPHY TUMOR DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING
Muhammad Aaqiband Shahzad Anwar
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem around the world with millions of deaths occur every year. One in eight women will develop breast cancer (BC) in her life time. In women, breast cancer (BC) is a second most detected malignancy throughout the world. Early detection and accurate diagnoses of the diseases can improve cancer survival and minimize cost of medications. In the twentieth century computer aided detection (CADe) systems have been employed to aid the radiologist to inspect the digital mammography, however the advantages of today’s (CADe) technologies seem to be inconsistent so they will be enhanced to be finally examined helpful. In 2012 and onwards deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been a wonderful and monumental success in pattern recognition, image recognition and extending to a point of human achievements in terms of accuracy, completeness and efficiency. These systematic procedures have extremely surpassed universal access which are related and comparable to presently used (CADe) solutions. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN-s) are rapidly becoming the state of the art prominent to improve the performance of numerous medicals application.
The images used in this study have been extracted from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) pg. 59
publicly available database of mammograms. Our proposed framework initially performs pre-processing to appropriate the size of image therefore it should be more acceptable for CNN-s and accomplished to improve the quality of an images (QoI) should be increase. For features extraction and classification, we implement convolutional neural network with some specific layers like Rectified-Linear-Unit (RELU), Pooling layers and Fully connected layers to extract useful information from data that can be used to train the model and help to perform correct classification.
Different metric measures such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) could be used to evaluate the performance of our proposed model. From the proposed methods the rate of accuracy is 96.28% and 0.97 AUC on the DDSM database which is more appropriate and suitable from other up-to-date to techniques. The conclusion shows that the proposed methodology is relatively exceed from the existing methods.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Convolutional Neural Network, RELU, AUC
IMRC-NS-73 EFFECT OF PH ON SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES OF PIPER LONGUM FRUIT 1Nargis Jamila, 1Amina Bibi and 2Naeem Khan 1Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 2Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan, Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In nanotechnology, there is a current drive to develop novel eco-friendly strategies for the synthesis and biosensing of nanomaterials by integrating the green Chemistry approaches. Green synthesis includes biological methods in which extracts of plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria containing proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, vitamins and phenolics play a role as reducing as well as capping agents. Among the metals nanoparticles, biosynthesized metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have key role in the field of biology and medicine particularly as antimicrobialagentsin textiles, wound dressings, medical devices, and appliances (refrigerators and washing machines)due to their solubility and stability. The present study describes synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fruit aqueous extract of Piper longum. The AgNPs were synthesized under different conditions such as different ratios of extract and AgNO3 solution, stirring, heating, incubation, and sunlight. The effect of pH on AgNPs was also determined. From the results, it was found that stable silver nanoparticles are formed by treating extract and aqueous solution of AgNO3 in 1:4 under 30 m heating followed by incubation. The effect of pH showed pg. 60
that the AgNPs of the subject fruit are more stable either in highly acidic or basic medium. Characterization of the subject AgNPs by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and pharmacological applications including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities are in process.
Keywords:Piperlongum, silver, pH, antimicrobial
IMRC-NS-77 MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI BY LEAF EXTRACT OF CHENOPODIUM MURALE
1Arshad Javaid, 1Syeda Fakehha Naqvi and 2Muhammad Zahid Qureshi
1Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,
2Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of leaf extract of Chenopodium mural against Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. lycopersici(FOL), a highly problematic soil-borne pathogen of tomato. Dried leaves of C. muralewere extracted with methanol for 2 weeks and after evaporating the solvent on a rotary evaporator, antifungal bioassay was carried out against FOL. All concentrations (1% to 5%) significantly reduced FOL biomass by 14–45%. The remaining methanolic extract was fractioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate and all these fractions were assayed for their antifungal potential. A 200 mg mL-1 concentration of various sub-fractions reduced fungal biomass significantly by 94-98% over control. All the sub-fractions were subjected to GC-MS analysis that revealed presence of 32 compounds in n-hexane, 2 compounds in chloroform and 13 compounds in ethyl acetate sub-fraction. The predominant compounds in n-hexane sub-fraction were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.64%), methyl linolenate (16.61%) and γ-sitosterol (13.53%). In chloroform sub-fraction, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (92.31% and in ethyl-acetate sub-fraction, ethyl butyrate (19.57%), dihexyl phthalate (11.19%) and dioctyl phthalate (12.16%) were present in higher concentration.
Keywords: Antifungal potential,Chenopodiummurale,GC-MS analysis, leaf extract.
IMRC-NS-78
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GOLD NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS IN DRUG DISCOVERY
1Aaliya Minhaz, 1 Jamila, 1Fatima Javed, 2Muhammad Ishaq and 3Muhammad Raza Shah
1Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
2 Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar
3 ICCBS International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences,
HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi.Email Address: [email protected]
Abstract
Objectives: A rapid, easy and field portable colorimetric study for detecting drug Pefloxacin Mesylate (PM) in aqueous solution based on an aggregation-induced color transition of gold nanoparticles (GNPs).
Methods: The GNPs were synthesized using the ligand (C4) with borohydride.
Results and Conclusion: The strong interaction between synthesized GNPs and PM gave rise to a color transition from win-red to grey that was analyzed by the absorption spectrum of the particles in aqueous solution. This new technique exhibited high selectivity for PM over a wide range of other antibiotics under study, and could be used for the detection of PM in future. This method could be applied for the determination of PM in aqueous solution as well as in tablets.
Keywords: Aqueous solution, Corometric study, Gold nanparticles, Pefloxacine Mesylate.
IMRC-NS-81 DISTRIBUTION OF POWDERY MILDEW ON FIELD AND WASTE LAND WEEDS IN URBAN AND SUB-URBAN AREAS OF CENTRAL PUNJAB
Salik Nawaz Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Ateeq Tahir, Shumaila Farooq and Maroof Siddique
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus, Lahore, Pakistan,
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Weeds act as alternative host of many plant pathogens as they serve source of overwintering for a wide range of pathogens and effects on all aboveground parts of the plant. Perennials weeds play important role in the spreading of obligate pathogens. Among the prevalent diseases caused by obligate fungal pathogens, Powdery mildew is counted in most common diseases especially for vegetables and ornamental plants in Pakistan. It is considered as most common threat for tunnel and green house plant in Pakistan. The pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerothecafuliginia, andLeveillulataurica have been reported as associated with Powdery.
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During the years 2017-2018 it was recorded on a variety of weeds Convolvulus arvensis (Lehli), Argemone mexicana (kandyari), Rumexobtusifolious and Rumexdantatus (Jangli Palak), Euphorbia hirta (Lal Dodak), Conyzaambigua (Horse weed) Cucumis melo (Chibhar), Chenopodium murale (Krund), belonging to Convolvulaceae, Papaveraceae, Polygonaceae,Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Amaranthaceae families in Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Sheikhupura districts of central Punjab. Distribution assessment on a visual 0-5 visual rating scale was recorded at 4 Severity Rating (SR) on Convolvulus arvensis while other weeds showed intermediate reaction except Cucumis melo proved highly resistant against powdery mildew.
Key words: Powdery Mildew, Weeds, Pathogen dissemination, Over wintering
IMRC-NS-84 FREQUENCY AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN GASTRIC BIOPSIES AND SALIVA SAMPLES
Asma Qudrat and Dr.Hazir Rahman
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Gram-negative, microaerophiliic rod shaped bacillus, is the etiological agent for antral gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Around, 50% of the world population is being affected by H. pylori. Rapid point of care testing is essential for management of H. pylori infection. In the present analysis, H. pylori was identified from gastric biopsy and saliva samples. Total 60 clinically suspected gastrointestinal ill patients were subjected to endoscopy in Qazi health medical center Kohat. Then gastric biopsy and saliva samples were collected and were inoculated on selective culture media (Columbia blood agar base having supplement DENT) under the microaerophillic condition. Microscopy and biochemical tests were performed to identify H. pylori. The susceptibility profiles to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and moxifloxacin were evaluated using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Of the 60 samples collected, the frequency of H. pylori positivity was 80% (n-=48) and 66.7% (n=40) in biopsy and saliva respectively. Female patients (n=32; 76.19%) were more frequently infected than male (n=16; 88.88%) Among age group, highest frequency of H. pylori infection was found in the age group 30-50 years old (n=34; 56.67%). When antibiotics susceptibility was checked it was found that moxifloxacin (n=26; 43.33%) and kanamycins (n=14; 23.33%) were more effective against H. pylori. The increased resistant rate in H. pylori was against erythromycin and clarithromycin (n=56; 93.33%) followed by moxifloxacin (n=52; 86.67%) and tetracycline (n=46; 76.76). The prevalence rate of H. pylori was found to be higher in gastric ill patients in the region Kohat. These isolates showed highest resistance against available antibiotics. Findings of the current study will be conducive for devising appropriate antibiotic therapy thereby becoming a cornerstone in H. pylori management.
IMRC-NS-85 OCCURENCE OF PEPTIC ULCER IN DISTRICT BANUU, KPK Asima Azam, Faiza Khattak, Noor Jahan Begum, Rabea Ejaz, Saima Qadeer and Asma ul HusnaEmail: [email protected], pg. 63
Abstract Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease which was caused by helicobacter pylori. Peptic ulcer refers to painful sores or breakdown in the inner portion of stomach or sometimes in the lower duodenum. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of peptic ulcer in District Banuu, Peshawar KPK. A Total data was collected from 118 Patients in the government Khaleefa Gull Nawaz teaching hospital Banuu, KPK during 15 June to 15 August, 2018. Blood samples were taken from 118 patients for the confirmation of H. pylori bacteria. Age of patients was arranged into two groups; first group ranged from 20-40 and the second were from 40-60 years. Percentage of peptic ulcer was greater in first age group (20-40) as compared to second age group (40-60). The absolute infected patients of H. pylori are 68 in which females were more infected as compared to males. The present investigation presumed that the predominance of peptic ulcer found in Banuu were more in female than in male. More patients were found in age group between 20-40 years. The most prevalent symptoms of peptic ulcer were abdominal pain, indigestion, heart burn, vomiting, anemia, acid reflux, sensation of appetite. Some other symptoms include fullness and bloating, constipation, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and weight loss. Peptic ulcer is also caused by pour hygienic condition and taking over dose of pain relieving drugs and it can be prevented by keeping proper hygienic condition, taking properly cooked food, avoiding frequent use of torment reliever and non-steroidal calming drugs NSAIDs.
IMRC-NS-92 KINETIC STUDY OF THE OXIDATION OF IODIDE ION BY DICYANOBIS (PHEN) IRON (III) IN 19% DIOXANE-AQUEOUS CO-SOLVENT MIXTURE
Rozina Khattak, Lubna Habib and Asma Bacha Said
Email: [email protected]
Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Abstract
III + This study emphasizes the kinetics of the oxidation of iodide ion by dicyanobis(phen) iron(III); [Fe (phen)2(CN)2] ion in 19% (v/v) dioxane-aqueous medium. The reaction was studied at 0.06 M ionic strength and 288 ± 0.5 K under the pseudo-first order condition, which was maintained by fixing the concentration ratio of III + − [Fe (phen)2(CN)2] << I . The data were collected through UV-Visible double-beam spectrophotometer by using UVProbe 2.42 software. The data was assessed by using the integrated rate equations in order to find out the observed rate constants after acquisition at the kinetic mode of the software. This complex mechanism whilst undergoing completion was noticed to passing three stages that involved reactants and intermediates. The first III + stage as the reaction started was noted to be following zeroth order kinetics with respect to [Fe (phen)2(CN)2] and first order with respect to iodide ion. In the second stage, a fractional (0.5) order reaction was observed with III + respect to each [Fe (phen)2(CN)2] and iodide ion. An overall first order was observed in the first and second phase of the reaction, respectively. A third phase was also observed near the completion of the reaction, which was
pg. 64
termed as the competition phase. In this phase, the decrease in solubility of one of the product species; II [Fe (phen)2(CN)2] competed the rate of the redox reaction. The effect of different factors on the rate constants was studied. Effect of ionic strength was studied by varying the concentration of potassium nitrate in the reaction mixture keeping all other experimental parameters constant. By increasing the ionic strength, the value of the rate constant in the first and the second phase of the reaction was decreased. This behaviour is observed when the opposite charge carriers are taking part in the rate-determining step to form the activated complex. It is confirmed that the iodide and triiodide are the reactive species that involve in the reaction mechanism. As the protonated species of iodide and triiodide may also be formed, though the effect of variation in the concentration of protons (HNO3) on the rate constants shows variation in the value in a sine-wave manner. This indicated the involvement of protonated and non-protonated species in the reaction mechanism.
IMRC-NS-94 KINETIC STUDY OF THE REDOX REACTION BETWEEN FE(III) AND IODIDE ION IN 10% TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL-WATER Shazeen Iqbal and Rozina Khattak ,Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
The medium plays a key role in the electron transfer process and its mechanism wherein the redox reaction takes place. It becomes vital to study the effect of medium and variation in the dielectric constant over the redox reactions and their kinetics. It is also important that the effect of co-solvent system upon the electron exchange process is determined. The outcomes provide key information regarding the species involve in the transition state and the rate-determining step. The kinetics of the redox reaction between iron(III) and iodide ion was studied in the mixed solvent system at constant temperature (296 ± 0.5 K) and under pseudo-first order condition. The co- solvent system was adjusted at 10% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol-water. The kinetic data were obtained spectrophotometrically at 418.2 nm corresponding to iodine. The reactants and the products were characterized spectrophotometrically in the visible region. To assess the value(s) of the observed zero order rate constant, the integration method was implemented and an improved derivation was used. An overall second order kinetics was observed i.e., zeroth order and second order with respect to iron(III) and iodide ion, respectively. The value of overall rate constant (ɛ.k) was found to be 2.45 × 10–2 M–2ms–1.
pg. 65
IMRC-NS-95 ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTION BETWEEN IRON(III) AND IODIDE ION IN 7.5% TBA- AQUEOUS MEDIUM Aisha Durrani and Rozina Khattak Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
The redox reaction between Fe(III) and iodide ion was studied in 7.5% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol-aqueous medium. The rate of reaction was monitored under the maintained condition of pseudo-first order at 294 ± 0.5 K by keeping an excess concentration of iodide ion over Fe(III) ion. The reactants and the products of the reaction were characterized spectrophotometrically in the visible region. The increase in absorbance with respect to time (ms) was monitored upon the gradual formation of iodine by oxidiation of the iodide ion. Integration method was implemented to determine the rate constant. The order of reaction with respect to Fe(III) ion was found zero in the selected medium. A fractional (1.5) order was observed with respect to the iodide ion in the particular medium, which indicated an overall fractional (1.5) order of reaction at 294 ± 0.5 K. The fractional order rate constant (ɛ.b.k) was found to be 4.64 × 10–3 M–1.5 ms–1.
Poster Presentation
IMRC-NS-58 (poster presentation)
NUTRITIONAL PROFILE, METALLIC CONTENTS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE pg. 66
1Hussan Ara, 1Gul Rukh, 1Hamsa Noreen, 2Syeda Kainat Izhar,
1Rozina Khttak and 2Muhammad Ateeq
1 Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
2Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Abstract
In this study extracts of Zingiberofficinale Roscoe were evaluated for proximate analysis, phytochemical screening, heavy metals quantification, and antioxidant activity. In proximate analysis, moisture, ash, and acidity were determined for nutritional profiling. The calculated values for moisture, ash contents and acidity were found to be 8.0 ± 0.18%, 32 ± 1.8%, and 3.24 ± 0.02% respectively. The phytochemical screening was performed for the detection of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolic contents, proteins, and tannins. The aqueous extract was rich in phytonutrients by confirming the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, gum and mucilage, carbohydrates, phytosterols, and proteins. The quantitative minerals analysis was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and flame photometer for detection and estimation of five metals including (Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). The result revealed that the highest concentration was recorded for Mn (3.685 ± 0.0122 ppm). The antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts was also evaluated which showed good antioxidant activity with values of 44.21 ±0.57 μg/mL
IMRC-NS-59(poster presentation) PHYSIOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM 1Shamim Begum, 1Gul Rukh, 1Hamsa Noreen, 2Syeda Kainat Izhar, 1Rozina Khttak and 2Muhammad Ateeq 1 Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, 2Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Abstract
In the present study, aqueous extract of Cinnamomumzeylanicumwas evaluated for proximate analysis, phytochemical screening, heavy metals quantification and antimicrobial activity. In proximate analysis, moisture, ash, and acidity were determined for nutritional profiling. The calculated values for moisture, ash contents and acidity were found to be 30.0 ± 0.13%, 15 ± 0.43%, and 7.7 ± 0.71% respectively. The phytochemical screening was performed for the detection of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolic contents, proteins, and tannins. The aqueous extract was rich in phytonutrients by confirming the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, gum and mucilage, carbohydrates, phytosterols, and proteins. The quantitative minerals analysis was carried out by pg. 67
atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and flame photometer for detection and estimation of five metals including (Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). The result revealed that the highest concentration was recorded for Mn (2.870 ± 0.531 ppm). Aqueous extract of Cinnamomumzeylanicumwas also examined for anti-microbial activity against E.Coli
IMRC-NS-65 (poster presentation) SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYPYRROLE/BIMETALLIC OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES 1Hamayun Khan, 1Abdul Khan Malook and 2Mutabar Shah 1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 2Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
In the present study, polypyrrole (PPy) and its bimetallic oxide nanocomposites (PPy/V2O5-MnO2) were synthesized via a modified chemical oxidation polymerization method in the aqueous medium using FeCl3.6H2O as an oxidant. The synthesized materials were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDX, surface area analyzer and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The FT-IR study confirmed the successful synthesis of the materials while the XRD analyses showed the amorphous and crystalline nature of PPy and PPy/V2O5-MnO2 nanocomposites, respectively. The bimetallic oxides content improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites as ratified by TGA. The synthesized PPy was of globular and spongy nature while the nanocomposites were mixtures of short and long rod shape particles with desired elemental composition as confirm from the EXD spectral data. The analytical applications such as electrical and gas sensing properties of the synthesized materials were determined using LCR-meter. The results showed the semiconducting behavior of the synthesized materials where the resistance depend upon the bimetallic oxides content and temperature. The gas sensing behavior of the synthesized materials showed high selectivity and sensitivity towards NH3 using 5 to 60 ppm concentration with 5 ppm LOD at 25 oC. The sensitivity, response and recovery times of the synthesized materials were also determined.
IMRC-NS-67 (poster presentation) ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF QUERCUS INFECTORIA Shama Khan, Kausar Khan, Fatima Javed, AaliyaMinhaz, Nargis Jamila, Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Email:[email protected]
pg. 68
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of terpenoids, steroids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which play significant physiological functions in human health as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic agents. In this study, Quercus infectoria of family Fagaceae was analyzed for phytochemicals by laboratory reagents method. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity by DPPH radical assay, and antioxidant activity by disc diffusion assay were evaluated. In phytochemical evaluation, the ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol extracts exhibited the presence of phenolics and flavonoids whereas n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts were rich in terpenoids. In antioxidant activity, methanol extract was more potent as compared to other extracts having
IC50 value of 0.056 mg/mL followed by ethanol extract (IC50 0.0605 mg/mL). In bactericidal activity by disc diffusion method showed that the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the most significant inhibition against Gram-positive strains; with inhibition zones of 19.0 and 20.0 mm, and 18.0 and 19.0 mm, respectively whereas for Gram-negative strains, the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were significant inhibitors.
Keywords:Q.infectoria, antioxidant, DPPH, antibacterial, Gram-positive strains
IMRC-NS-68 (poster presentation) PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF HOLARRHENA PUBESCENS Sadaf Gul, Nadia Alam, Naseema Bibi, AaliyaMinhaz, Fatima Javed and Nargis Jamila Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
The study describes the phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial activitiesofHolarrhenapubescens belonging to Apocynaceae family. The phytochemical assessment of its seed extracts carried out using laboratory reagent and IR spectroscopic methods showed the presence of carbohydrates in methanol and water extracts, phenolics and flavonoids in ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol extracts, whereas terpenoids were detected in all extracts. In the IR spectra, peaks were exhibited at 3500 to 3200 cm-1 for O-H stretching, 3000 to 2800 cm-1 for C-H stretching, and 1700 to 1600 cm-1 for carbonyl group. In the antioxidant activity, with increasing concentrations, DPPH% inhibition was also increased. Methanol extract was found more potent as compared to other extracts having IC50 value of 0.137 mg/mL followed by the insignificant
IC50 values of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts (0.145 mg/mL and 0.153 mg/mL), respectively. In the antibacterial potential, among all the extracts, the dichloromethane extract inhibited S. aureus with the highest inhibition zone of 17.0 mm. Furthermore, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts were also active against Gram-negative bacteria; E. coli with inhibition zone of 10.0 and 9.0 mm, respectively. pg. 69
Keywords: Holarrhenapubescens, IR, DPPH, S. aureus
IMRC-NS-69 (poster presentation) ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF HELICTERES ISORA Amina Nazeer, Salma, Asia Rehman, AaliyaMinhaz, Fatima Javed, Nargis Jamila Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
Helicteresisorais one of great medicinal value thus used in cure of diarrhea, detoxification of snake biting and constipation.Inthe present investigation, its different extracts were investigated for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH radical assay whereas antibacterial activity was tested against S. aureus (Gram-positive), B. subtilis (Gram-positive), P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative), and E. coli (Gram- negative) bacterial strains. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, among the extracts of H. isora, ethanol extract at 1000 µg/mL inhibited DPPH higher concentration at 0.041.7 mg/mL, followed by methanol extract. The n-hexane extract were considered inactive as it showed weak DPPH radical scavenging activity below 50%. In antibacterial potential of the extracts showed that n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts were more active against S. aureus and B. subtilis than ethanol, methanol and water extracts. Furthermore, ethyl acetate extract was active against E. coli with inhibition zone of 10.0 mm as compared to vancomycin (12.0 mm).
Keywords:Helicteresisora, DPPH, antibacterial, E. coli
IMRC-NS-70 (poster presentation) ANALYSIS OF TOXIC METALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF TEUCRIUM STOCKSIANUM
Malka Saba, Tooba Misbah, AaliyaMinhaz, Fatima Javed and Nargis Jamila
Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,
Email: [email protected]
pg. 70
Abstract
Teucrium stocksianumhas been used in the management of diarrhea, diabetes, gastrointestinal ailments, inflammatory conditions, hypertension, sore throat, heart diseases, insect repellent, antipyretic and epilepsy. This study describes the analysis of toxic metals (As, Cd, Pb), antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of T. stocksianum fruit. The concentrations of toxic metals analyzed by ICP-MS represented that the content of Pb was high (4.51 µg/g) followed by arsenic (As). However, the obtained values are below the standard range given by World Health Organization (WHO). In antioxidant activity, methanol extract was the strongest inhibitor of DPPH radical having
IC50 value of 0.039 mg/mL followed by ethanol (IC50 0.49 mg/mL) and ethyl acetate (IC50 0.057mg/mL) extracts. In antibacterial assay, ethyl acetate extract inhibited S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli with the inhibition zones ranging from 9.0 to 19.0 mm. Water extract was inactive for the said bacteria types.
Keywords:Teucriumstocksianum, toxic metals, antioxidant, antibacterial
IMRC-NS-71 (poster presentation) PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES
EVALUATION OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA
Kainat Mutahir, Kainat Masood, Hifsa Nawaz, Fatima Javed, AaliyaMinhaz and Nargis Jamila Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Khyber Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Saussurealappabelonging to family Asteraceae has been specifically used to cure leucoderma, allergy problems, nausea, epileptic conditions, carminative, anthelmintic, general body tonic, brain tonic, hepatoprotective, renal problems, and inflammation. In the present study, different solvent extracts of S. lappa root were analyzed for major phytochemicals using laboratory reagent and IR spectroscopic methods. The phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of phenolics in methanol and ethanol extracts. Terpenoids were detected in all extracts.In IR experiments, peaks were observed in region of 3500 to 3200 cm-1 could be assigned to stretching frequency of hydroxyl (O-H), 3000 to 2800 cm-1 are confined to C-H bond, region of 1700 to 1600 cm-1 is assigned to C-O (carbonyl group). In antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ethyl acetate extract was the most active showing IC50 value of 0.049 mg/mL followed by methanol (0.066 mg/mL) and ethanol extracts (0.077 mg/mL), respectively. In antibacterial activity, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts strongly inhibited the Gram- positive bacteria; P. aeruginosa and E. coli, whereas, n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts were the most significant inhibitors of S. aureus and B. subtilis.
Keywords: Saussurealappa, IR, antioxidant, antibacterial
pg. 71
IMRC-NS-72 (poster presentation) ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF PIPER LONGUM Amina Bibi,Faryal Khan, Fatima Javed, AaliyaMinhaz and Nargis Jamila Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected] Abstract
Piper longum commonly known as long pepper is the famous cooking herb used as a spice and in several traditional medicine for digestion problems, diarrhea, asthma, sleeping disorders, muscle pain, nasal congestion, tuberculosis, tumors, menstrual problems, and pregnancy. In the study, different extracts of P. longum fruit were screened for antioxidant potential by DPPH inhibition assay, and antibacterial activity by disc diffusion assay.In antioxidant activity, methanol extract was the most active inhibitor of DPPH radical, showing IC50 value of 0.097 mg/mL followed by ethyl acetate (IC50 0.098 mg/mL) and ethanol extracts (IC50 0.101 mg/mL). Water and dichloromethane extracts comparatively weakly inhibited DPPH radical with IC50 of 0.260 mg/mL and 0.300 mg/mL, respectively. An n-hexane extract did not show any inhibition of DPPH radical even at 1 mg/mL.Concerning the antibacterial activity, dichloromethane extract was the strongly inhibited S. aureus and B. subtilis. On the other hand, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have shown significant inhibition of P. aeruginosa and E. coli.
Keywords:Piperlongum, antioxidant, DPPH, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa
IMRC-NS-79 (poster presentation) NICKEL NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL Uzma Islam, Sahira, Seema Shah, Nargis Jamila, Fatima Javed and AaliyaMinhaz Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Email id:[email protected] Abstract
Objectives: Green synthesis of nanoparticles supports reuse, reduce and recycle concept towards the environmental friendly synthesis and also produce the good results compare to chemical methods in some of the cases.
pg. 72
Method: In this work Nickel Nanoparticles were prepared by utilizing Kiwi Fruit. Kiwi fruit is available in so many forms but the one utilized in this work is actinidiadeliciosa. The obtained Nickel Nanoparticles have been characterized by UV- visible Spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).
Results and Conclusion: It was shown that the synthesized Nickel Nanoparticles of cubic phase have a spherical shape and an average size was less than 90nm. The synthesized Nanoparticles were further analyzed for their antioxidant potentiality.
Keywords: Green Synthesis, Nickel Nanoparticles, Kiwi Fruit, UV-vis Spectrophotometer
IMRC-NS-80 (poster presentation) GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF MINT PLANT
Summaya, Ayesha Noor, Hifsa Gul, Mehwish, Nargis Jamila, Fatima Javed and AaliyaMinhaz
Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Objectives: This paper reports on the biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs) using aqueous extract of the Peppermint (Mint) leaves as reductant as well as stabilizer without any further chemicals added. Copper metal ions and their derivatives have been widely used for different Medical purposes like to prevent infection, leg ulcers etc.
Method:TheCuNPs are achieved due to the reduction of Copper Salt while the aqueous leaf extract of Peppermint act as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesized Nanoparticles.
Results and Conclusion:TheCuNPs were characterized with UV-vis, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), and XRD (X-ray Diffractometer) methods. The CuNPs were further analyzed for their antioxidant activity.
Keywords: Green synthesis, Copper Nanoparticles, antioxidant activity
pg. 73
IMRC-NS-82 (poster presentation) PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT ISODON RUGOSUS (WALL.EX BENTH) CODD Shagufta Naz,Hajra Ameer Khan, Habiba , Bibi Sajida ,Naeem Khan, and Azhar ul Haq Ali Shah Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat-26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Email: [email protected] Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemicals and biological evaluation of the medicinal plant IsodonrugosusWall.exBenth; a widely employed in folk medicine to cure various types of pain such as dental, gastric, abdominal, ear pain and rheumatism. The subject plant samples were collected in May 2018, from district Swat, KPK and identified by plant taxonomist on spot. The samples were properly labelled, dried in shade and grinded. About 0.5 kg powdered plant material was dipped in sufficient methanol for ten days to obtain crude extract. The extraction process was repeated three times and the combined methanol extracts were partitioned among n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. Based on appearance of prominent spots on TLC, the chloroform fraction was subjected to repeated column chromatography to obtain pure compounds. Various stains were employed for confirmation of single and pure spots of compounds. As a result three pure compounds were obtained. Their structures were established through various spectroscopic techniques including one dimensional and two dimensional NMR techniques and by comparison with literature. The crude methanol extract, its sub fractions and the pure compounds were also subjected to biological activities to ascertain their therapeutic potentials. In nutshell the analysed medicinal plant was found to have important phytochemical constituents with potential antibacterial and antifungal activities. Keywords: Phytochemicals, biological evaluation, medicinal plant, IsodonrugosusWall.exBenth
IMRC-NS-93 (poster presentation) REDOX REACTION BETWEEN IODIDE ION AND IRON(III) IN 2.5% DIOXANE-AQUEOUS MEDIUM: KINETIC STUDY
Sadia Afridi and Rozina Khattak Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar,email: [email protected] Abstract
The kinetic study of the redox reaction between iron(III) and iodide ion was carried out in 2.5% (v/v) dioxane- aqueouse medium considering the reduction in the dielectric constant of aqueous solution by adding fraction of dioxane. The electron transfer reactions are highly affected by the effect of dielectric constant of the medium. pg. 74
The reaction was followed under the condition of pseudo-first order by keeping the concentration of iodide ion in excess over iron(III) at 296 ± 0.5 K. The kinetic data were obtained spectrophotometrically at 420.5 nm corresponding to iodine. The reactants and the products were characterized spectrophotometrically in the visible region. To assess the value(s) of the observed zero order rate constant, the integration method was implemented and an improved derivation was used. An overall second order kinetics was observed i.e., zeroth order and second order with respect to iron(III) and iodide ion, respectively. The value of the overall second order rate constant (ɛ.k) was found to be 0.0208 M–2ms–1 in the selected medium.
IMRC-NS-97 (Poster Presentation)
Phytochemical activities of Cassia fistula
Maria Karim, Rehana Masood;
Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Cassiafistula is a semi-wild plant belongs to Leguminosae family In the present work Cassia fistula fruit pulp and seeds were explored for its phytochemical along its bioactivities. The qualitative analysis of seeds and fruit pulp extract confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, antioxidant and phytosterols.Cassia Fistula fruit pulp and seeds powder were examined for quantitative phytochemical proximate and mineral analysis. Phytochemical analysis showed that Cassia Fistula fruit and seeds contains total phenolic (0.6844: 0.9232), tannins (0.00197: 0.00458), flavonoids (0.05919: 0.0851), saponins (13.98: 17.21), antioxidants (85.26: 93.22) and phytosterols (1.19: 1.32) percentage respectively. Proximate analysis showed that CF fruit and seeds contains ash content (9.731: 5.7071), moisture content (10.168: 11.094), free fats (2.7457: 6.1580) and proteins (7.9341: 29.592) percentage respectively. Minerals analysis showed that CF fruit and seeds contains phosphorus (0.2: 0.3), potassium (4; 2) and sodium (1.0: 0.6) percentage respectively. CF fruit pulp and seeds aqueous and methanolic extract were used invitro antimicrobial activity and showed positive results for bacteria including Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholera, E. coli and shigella Dysenteriae and fungi including Aspergillus flavis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium and white rot. CF fruit and seeds showed positive results for larvicidal activity against dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Further investigation are required on Cassia Fistula fruit and seeds to assess its antibacterial activity against different identified microbes which causes severe food borne diseases.
Keywords:Cassia fistula, antimicrobial, larvicidal, Aedes aegypti
pg. 75
IMRC-NS-96 (Poster Presentation)
POTENTIAL DRUGGABLE PROTEINS AND CHIMERIC VACCINE CONSTRUCT PRIORITIZATION AGAINST BRUCELLA MELITENSIS FROM SPECIES CORE GENOMES DATA
1Muneeba Aslam, 1MuhammadShehroz, 1Hizbullah, 1Munazza Ali Khan, 1Sahib Gul Afridi,
Asifullah Khan and 2Mohibullah Shah
1 Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
2Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan
Email: [email protected];
Abstract
B.melitensis is a facultative, gram negative pathogen, especially involved in Brucellosis. It resides in the proficient as well as in the incompetent phagocytes of the host. The sneaking Brucella evade the immune system by developing clever strategies. The core-genome of bacteria remain conserved throughout. The availability of the core-genome data set in database provide excellent opportunity for targeting the core-genome of a bacterial pathogen that could identify potential therapeutic targets for the combat of chronic infections. We took the core data set of 56 available complete proteome sequences of B.melitensis. The potential therapeutic targets were identified using subtractive proteomics analysis. We have followed the modern approach of reverse vaccinology to recognize potential vaccine targets from the core data set of B.melitensis. We here implemented the advanced bioinformatics resources and identified 23 druggable targets so far. Most of these protein targets act like hub proteins and some proteins like Urease subunit beta (BME_RS08230), cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase subunit I (BME_RS09415), Urease accessory protein UreG 1 (BME_RS08210) that are found to be downregulated at low pH conditions. Two important outermembrane vaccine targets i.e. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (BME_RS06325), DegP-like serine endoprotease (BME_RS06695) were identified against B. melitensis infections. There is no licensed vaccine available against human brucellosis till date. We here used the strategy of overlapped epitopes that are predicted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I, MHC-II) as well as by B-cells. The epitopes predicted from both B-cell and T-cell analysis were then used in chimeric vaccine construction. The 3D structures of these chimeric vaccine contructs were built and refined and then analyzed for antigenicity, solubility and allergenicity and further validated by docking in TLR4 and HLA receptors. The docked complex of V3 and human TLR4 receptor were simulated at 2 nanoseconds. Furthermore, the identified targets in current in-silico finding are based on core-proteome set that remain conserved throughout species and are important to put forward for experimental validations, so it might be effective also for other species including cattle etc. beside humans. pg. 76
Social Sciences
pg. 77
IMRC-SS-01
ROLE OF RELIGIOUS SEMINARIES AND DEGREE AWARDING INSTITUTIONS IN SOCIO- RELIGIO HARMONY AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION 1Mr. Sadiq Ali, 2Muhammad saffi ullah saffi and 3Dr. Qaisar Bilal 1Department of Islamic Studies, Gomal University 2Hazara University
3Kohat University of Science & Technology
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The fact that cannot be denied is to accept the importance of national integration as key of success to accomplish any National objective, whether short or long term, though it relates to social, cultural, political, religious or educational narratives within or outside the country. Among them, the religious harmony, coherence and tolerance is of countless significance across the globe in general and specifically in Pakistan and it can only be done in a better way through mature education system. Broadly view depicts the fact that in our country two types of parallel education systems prevailed, Degree Awarding Institutions and religious seminaries. The paper aims to abate the ideological gap between the stakeholders of both sectors in order to bring these religious seminaries in channel of Soci-religio National interest through educational bridging as to give awareness about the global challenges and Tolerant educational Narratives.The paper findings reveals that national integration, religious harmony and promoting inclusive and tolerant educational narratives and resolve many others global objectives regarding extremism and peace would be accomplished through firm educational bridging and eradication of isolation. The paper found the need of deep understanding of these religious seminaries linked with contemporary learning techniques, tools and instruments to bring these schools in full conformity with National & International peace narratives that gives the real and solid strength to World Socio-Religio Harmony.
Keywords: Religious Seminaries, Nationalism, Socio-religio Harmony
pg. 78
IMRC-SS-02
CONCEPT OF GOD IN “SABA MUALAQAT
Arshad khan
Arabic Department National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is a very unique and at the same time it relates to the very important aspect of the Saba Muallaqat. The paper primarily focuses on the very basic question; whether the poets of Muallaqat were familiar with the concept of (ilah) God or otherwise. If yes, what was the nature of that very concept and to which specific religion they used to follow? Most importantly; at the end it also provides a comparative study of their concept of (ilah) with the Islamic concept of ilah(God).
Method: Analytical Research Methodology
Results and Conclusions:
1. The concept of God does exist in “SABA MUALAQAT”.
.was the follower of Christianity ا ْم ُر ُؤا ْل َق ْي ِسا ْبنُ ُح ْج ٍرا ْل ِك ْن ِديِِ)) IMRU AL-QAIS BIN HUJR AL-KINDI .2 .had a belief in Deen–E- Hanif) زهيربنأبيسلمى) ZUHAYR BIN ABI SULMA .3
was the follower of the religion of prophet ( َلبيدبنربيعةبنمالكأبوعقياللعا ِمري ) (LABID (ABU AQIL LABĪD IBN RABIAH .4 IBRAHIM(A.S)
5. ṬARAFAH IBN AL-ABD IBN SUFYAN IBN SA‘D ABU ‘AMR AL-BAKRI AL- WAILI .was a secular poet (طرفةبنالعبدبنسفيانبنسعدأبوعمروالبكريالوائلي)
.was a Mushriq poet) النابغةالذبياني) AL-NABIGHAH AL-DHUBIYANI real name ZIYAD IBN MUAWIYAH .6
.used to follow the path of his Tribe (عمروبنكلثوم) AMR IBN KULTHUM IBN MALIK IBN A`TAB AL-TAGHLIBI .7
.had a great confusion regarding his religion (اَألَ ْع َشى) MAYMUN IBN QAYS AL-A'SHA .8
Key Words: Muallaqat, concept, (ilah) God, Poet, follower/follow.
IMRC-SS-04 pg. 79
DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF THE DOWRY AFTER SHORTAGE OF THE SILVER PRICE: ANALYTICAL JURISTIC STUDY OF PAKISTANI 1Israr Kan, 2Dr Qasim Ashraf Noor 1Phd scholar International Islamic Unvivesrsity Islamabad
2Assistant professor International Islamic Unvivesrsity Islamabad
Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper is about dower (mahar) in contract of marriage (Nikah). It shows that the minimum amount of dower is ten dirhams according to hanfi school of thought. Further it discuses that currently the value of these ten dirhams has decreased around about 138 % or 201% . Therefore, in the current era the price of ten dirhams will not be sufficient. At the end it concludes that the minimum amount of dower will be determined with the price of 4.374 grams of gold or with the price of two goats according to hanfi school of thought.
Keywords: Nikah, Mahar, dirhams.
IMRC-SS-07 عصرحاضرمیں دہشت گردی اور سیرت طیبہﷺمیںاسکاحل
1Rehana kanwal, 2Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
1National College of BusinessAdministration and Economics, Lahore
2Govt. College University, Faisalabad
Email: [email protected]
عصرحاضرِميںِدہشتِگردیِکیِاذيتِناکِلہرِنےِام ِتِمسلمہِکوِبالعمومِاورِپاکستانِکوِبالخصوصِبدنامِکرِرکھاِہے۔دہشتِگردیِکےِ قومی،ِعالقائیِاورِبينِاالقوامیِاسبابِميںِعالمیِسطحِپرِبعضِمعامالتِميںِمسلمانوںِکےِساتھِناِ ِانصافی،ِبعضِخطوںِميںِباالدستِ طاقتوںِکےِ ُدہرےِمعياراتِاورِکئیِممالکِميںِشدتِپسندیِکےِخاتمےِکےِلئےِطويلِالميعادِجارحيتِجيسےِمسائلِبنيادیِنوعيتِکےِ حاملِہيں۔دہشتِگردوںِکیِطرفِسےِمسلحِفسادِانگيزی،ِانسانیِقتلِوِغارتِگری،ِدنياِبھرِکیِپُرامنِانسانیِآباديوںِپرِخودکشِحملے،ِ مسااااجد،ِمزارات،ِتعليمیِاداروں،ِبازاروں،ِسااارکاریِعمارتوں،ِٹريڈِسااانٹروں،ِدفاعیِتربيتیِمرکزوں،ِسااافارتِخانوں،ِگاويوںِاورِديگرِ
pg. 80
پبلکِمقاماتِپرِبمِباریِجيسےِ ِانسانِدشمن،ِسفاکانہِاورِبہيمانہِاقداماتِروزِمرہِکاِمعمولِبنِچکےِہيں۔اسالمِامنِوِسالمتیِاورِمحبتِ وِمروتِکاِدينِہے۔ِ ِاساالمیِتعليماتِکےِمطاب ِمسالمانِوہیِشاخصِہےِج ِکےِہاتھوںِمسالمِوِغيرِمسالمِسابِانساانوںِکےِجانِوِمالِ محفوظِرہيں۔ِانسانیِجانِکاِتقد ِوِتحفظِشريع ِتِ ِاسالمیِميںِبنيادیِحيثيتِکاِحاملِہے۔ِکسیِبھیِانسانِکیِناح ِجانِليناِاورِاُسےِقتلِ کرناِحرامِہےِبلکہِبعضِصاااااااورتوںِميںِيہِعملِموج ِبِکفرِبنِجاتاِہےل کہذاِانِکیِمجرمانہِکارروائيوںِکوِاُنِکیِنيتوںِاورِارادوںِکیِ صافائیِميںِکھائیِگئیِقساموںِساےِجوازِاورِمعافیِنہيںِملِساکتی۔ِيہِقرآنِمجيدِاورِشاريع ِتِاساالميہِکاِبنيادیِقاعدہِہے۔ِيہیِنکتہِآي ِتِ کريمہِميںِواضااحِکياِگياِہے۔ِاورِجبِانِسااےِکہاِجاتاِہےِکہِزمينِميںِفسااادِبرپاِنہِکرو،ِتوِکہتےِہيںِکہِہمِہیِتوِاصااالکِکرنےِوالےِ ہيں۔ِآگاہِہوِجاؤ!ِيہیِلوگِفسادِکرنےِوالےِہيںِمگرِانہيںِ)ا ِکا(ِاحسا ِتکِنہيں۔ِ ِ اسالمِصرفِمسلمِرياستِکےِمسلمانِشہريوںِکےِجانِوِمال،ِعزتِوِآبروِکیِحفاظتِکیِہیِضمانتِنہيںِديتاِبلکہِغيرِمسلمِشہريوںِ اورِمعاہدينِکیِعزتِوِآبروِاورِجانِوِمالِکوِبھیِبرابرتحفظِکیِضااامانتِديتاِہے،ِشاااريعتِاساااالميہِميںِمسااالمِرياساااتِکےِغيرِمسااالمِ شااہريوںِکےِحقومِمساالمِشااہريوںِکیِطرکِہیِہيں،ِبحيثيتِانسااانِ ِانِميںِکوئیِفرمِنہيں۔ِيہیِوجہِہےِکہِ ِاسااالمیِقوانينِميںِمساالمِاورِ غيرِمساالمِشااہریِقصاااصِاورِديتِميںِبرابرِہيں۔ِغيرِمساالموںِکوِمساالمِمعاشاارےِميںِمکملِشااخصاایِاورِمذہبیِآزادیِحاصاالِہے۔ِغيرِ مسلمِشہريوں،ِانِکےِسفراءِاورِاُنِکیِامالکِوِعبادتِگاہوںِکوِمکملِتحفظِحاصلِہے۔ل کہذاِباغی،ِمجرم،ِشرپسند،ِظالمِاورِجابرِلوگِ اپنیِغلطِکاروائيوںِکےِجھوٹےِجوازِکےِلئےِجوِچاہيںِتاويالتِوضااااااا ِکرتےِرہيںِانِکاِاساااااااالمیِتعليماتِساااااااےِکوئیِتعل ِنہيںِ ہوگا۔ضارورتِا ِامرِکیِہےِکہِمل ِتِاساالميہِاورِپوریِدنياِکوِدہشاتِگردیِکےِمسائلہِپرِحقيق ِتِحالِساےِآگاہِکياِجائےِاورِاساالمِکاِ دوِٹوکِموقفِواضحِکرِدياِجائے۔ِا ِمضمونِميںِعصرحاضرِميںِدہشتِگردیِاورِسيرتِطيبہِميںِا ِکاِحلِدرجِذيلِعناوينِکےِ تحتِبيانِکرنےِکیِکوششِکیِجائےِگی۔ o عالمیِدہشتِگردیِکاِپ ِمنظر ِ o عصرِحاضرِميںِدہشتِگردیِکےاسبابِاورِمقاصد ِ o خودکشِبمباریِِاورِدہشتِگردیِِاسالمِميںِحرامِ ِ o غيرِمسلمِطبقاتِِسےِِدہشتِگردیِِکیِممانعت ِ o دہشتِگردیِکاِحلِسيرتِطيبہِﷺکیِروشنیِميں ِ
کلیدی الفاظ:عالمی،دہشتِگردی،خودکش،ِبمباری،مسلحِفسادِانگيزیِ
IMRC-SS-08
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME WORD OF MOUTH EVENTS IN 1ST HIJRAH
1Dr. Irfan Ullah
1Department of Islamic Studies & Research, University of Science and Technology Bannu
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
History means “the knowledge of past events”. And history is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon. History is a guide to navigation in previous times. History is who we are and why we are, the way we are. Its human nature that whenever anything and special event happened, it’s got place in human heart and mind, whatever it is happiness or condolence and these events change into history as the time has passed. Islam pg. 81
is religion who has everlasting and perfect history collection as there is no other religion that has his history in accurate form. One more thing differentiate Islam from other religions is that it has a vast form of collection of the achievement of its forefathers like navigators, But one thing make more confusion when two historian have different ideas about an event, which make opposite opinion at the time no one can teach of the right plan unable to make the right decision. The main points of the above mention article are these.
1. The Famous Narrators of the History. 2. Categories of books about History. 3. Some famous word of mouth events of the 1st Hijrah. 4. Critical analysis of these events. 5. Collection of correct narrations about these events. 6. Social impacts of these word of mouth events on society. Keywords: History, Collection, Hijrah, Methodology.
IMRC-SS-09
قرآنِکريمِکیِروشنیِميںِاصولِتحقي
Irshadullah1, Hafiz Abdul Majid2
Department of Islamic Studies & Arabic, Gomal University D.I.Khan
Email: [email protected]
قرآنِمجيدِہللاِتعال کیِکیِطرفِسےِانسانيتِکیِہدايتِکےِليےِنازلِکردہِِکاملِِاورِآخریِکتابِہے۔ِيہِکتابِزندگیِکےِتمامِشعبہِ جاتِکےِمسائلِکےحلِپرمحيطِہے۔ِقرآنِکريمِمحضِچندِعباداتِوِرسوماتِکاِمجموعہِنہيںِہےِبلکہِدنياِوآخرتِکیِدائمیِوِابدیِکاميابيوںِ کوِسموئےِہوئےِہے۔ِقرآنِکريمِنےِجہاںِانسانيتِکیِہدايتِکےِراستےِاورِپيمانےِمتعينِکيےِہيںِوہاںِزندگیِگزارنےِکےاصولِوضوابطِ بھیِبيانِکيےِہيں۔قرآنِکريمِکےِبيانِکردہِاصولِوضوابطِميںِسےِايکِِاہمِاصولِتحقي ِکےِمتعل ِِبھیِبيانِہواِہے۔ِقرآنِکريمِحقيقتِ کیِطرفِرہنمائیِفرماتاِہےِاورتحقي ِکےِمتعل ِجام ِاورِٹھو ِاصولِبيانِفرماتاِہے۔ِارشادِخداوندیِہے۔ِاےِايمانِوالو!ِاگرِکوئیِشخصِ تمھارےِپا ِکوئیِخبرِالئےِتوِتمِا ِکیِاچھیِطرکِتحقي ِکرِلياِکرو۔ ِ کسیِبھیِباتِکوِبغيرِتحقي ِکےِمانِليناِياِکہہِديناِايسیِسنگينِغلطیِہےِج ِسےِمتعددِغلطياںِجنمِليتیِہيں۔ِا ِليےِقرآنِ کريمِنےِبالِتحقي ِتشہيرِسےِمن ِفرماياِہےِاورِکسیِبھیِکاروائیِسےِپہلےِحقائ ِتکِرسائیِکوِالزمیِقرارِدياِہے۔نيزِقرآنِکريمِعجلتِ سےِگريزِکرنے،اہلِعلمِسےِرجوعِکرنےِاورِکسیِبھیِخبرِياِِاطالعِکیِصداقتِتکِپہنچنےِکیِتلقينِکرتاِہے۔انسانیِزندگیِمختلفِقسمِ کےِمسائلِاورِمعامالتِکیِآماجگاہِہےِج ِميںِوقتِکےِساتھِساتھِِمسائلِوِمعامالتِپيشِآتےِرہتےِہيں۔انِکےِحلِکےِليےِپوریِتحقي ِ اورِکانٹِچھانٹِسےِکامِليناِچاہيے۔ا ِمضمونِميںِقرآنِکريمِِکیِروشنیِميںِتحقي ِکےِاصولوںِکوِِِبيانِکرنےِکیِکوششِکیِجائےِِ گیِ۔ ِ کلیدی الفاظ :ِتحقي ِ،ِاصولِوضوابط،ِکانٹِچھانٹِ،ِتشہيرِ
pg. 82
IMRC-SS-10
IN THE LIGHT OF THE TEACHINGS OF ISLAM. HashmatِBegum,ِSaminaِBegum DepartmentِofِIslamicِStudies,ِShaheedِBenazirِBhuttoِWomenِUnievrsityِPeshawar [email protected]
Abstract Women of today are engaged in almost all field of life including army, politics, sports, culture, education, engineering, space and agriculture etc. Education enable women expand their scope of activities for contribution to their nation and state which is relevant to the teachings of Islam. Islam allows women outside homes for work, education & business besides giving equal economic rights as par with men. Even Quran binds women for promoting virtue and forbidding sins. Quran at many Places mentions woman is spending for sadaqa& zakat. In the life of holy prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H), women had under taken various professions like agriculture and animal husbandry, trade and small seal industrial products. Muslim women are allowed to undertake any profession but within certain limits. In this article the role of a Muslim Women will be discussed in economic activities along with their permitted and prohibited fields.
Keywords: Muslim Women,Economic Empowerment, Teaching of Islam
pg. 83
IMRC-SS-11
ROLE OF AYSHA (RAZI ALLAH O ANHA) TO EDUCATE WOMEN
عائشہِرضیِہللاِعنہاِکاِعورتوںِکیِتعليمِوِتربيتِميںِکردار Dr. Abdul HmeedArain
Govt S.S. Arts & Commerce College Hyderabad, Sindh
Email: [email protected]
Abstract Ayesha (Razi Allah o Anha) died on 68h means She lived 47 years after Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). Ayesha remained 10 years with Prophet Muhammad(Peace be Upon Him). It shows that She noticed Prophet’s Madina era very closely and She were also taught directly from Prophet. After the death of Prophet(Peace be Upon Him) Aysha (Razi Allah o Anha) remained active to teach Quran and Sunnah to the People of different class i.e women, men and children. She continued teaching till her death in 68h. Aysha(Razi Allah o Anha) put special consideration of women’s education and training.There are guidelines for women in Her life.As the husband gets the most importance for any woman, and to love Husband can be learned from Aisha (Razi Allah o Anha).If for some reason, the husband gets married again, how should 2nd wife of husband be treated can also be taught from Aisha (Razi Allah o Anha).To treat the poor people of society i.e. orphaned children can be learnt. Education of women, especially in various sciences like Medicine, Literature, Poetry, History can be guided by SeretAysha(Razi Allah o Anha). Hijab, She did not like his appreciation even person who appreciate,simplicity and contention are the attributes that are desirable for a good character, these are found in Her (Razi Allah o Anha) life. She did not swear by fate for what she didn’t got. These are the qualities of Aysha(Razi Allah o Anha). For all corner of life women should get guidance form Her life.
Key words:Hijab, Education of women, Self-appreciation, attributes, good character.
pg. 84
IMRC-SS-14
ROLE OF CO–EDUCATION IN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS WITH REFERENCE TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AT TERTIARY LEVEL
1Obaid Ullah, 1Dr. SairaNudrat and 2Amir Waleed
1Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, 2Directorate of Distance Education, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Cognition play pivotal role in development of students learning and is associated with the acquisition and utilization of knowledge. The aim of current paper was to explore the role of co-education system on the cognitive development of students at tertiary level. The nature of study was qualitative research focusing on intrinsic case study. The sample of the study constitutes 12 students from different universities among which 50% sample each was from male and female students. The data were collected through interview (open ended questionnaire) from sample and was analyzed using pre-set theme approach. The results revealed that co-education enhances the confidence level of students, develop a sense of academic competition among male and female students. The results also revealed that initiation of co-education was the violation of Pakhtoon’s cultural, traditional and religious norms. Harassment of females, inferiority complex of male and female due to financial classes in the society also affects the cognitive development of students. The study recommends the inclusion of ethics in the curriculum and provision of guidance and counseling services to university students for behavioral corrective measures.
Keywords: Cognitive development, Co-education,Academicachievement,qualitative research,
Interactive psychology
pg. 85
IMRC-SS-15
BURDEN OF BEING A WORKING WOMAN;
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION INTO SATISFACTION AND HAPPINESS OF WORKING WOMEN IN A PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY
1Dr. Hidayat Ullah Khan, 2Dr. Muhammad Asif Jan and 3Abdul Wajid
1Department of Economics, Abbottabad University of Science &Technology, Abbottaba
2Department of Mathematics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat
3Department of Mathematics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Women labor market participation in Pakistan is phenomenally low. Those women who have somehow managed to make into the market are confronting numerous odds. We attempt to assess the presence and/or magnitudes of various odds and hurdles faced by, and satisfaction and/or happiness of, women folks in the labor market. We also attempt to predict women job satisfaction and happiness in a scenario when the odds are non-existent. We use original micro-data, collected through random sapmling, of over 600 respondents to achieve our objectives. We investigate the hurdles faced by working women first. Then, we assess their job satisfaction and happiness both in the presence and/or absence of the odds and hurdles i.e. constrained and unconstrained optimization. We find striking results with both constrained and unconstrained job satisfaction and happiness.
Key words: Women, Labor Market Participation, Odds, Job Satisfaction, Happiness, Patriarchal Society, Pakistan.
pg. 86
IMRC-SS-18
THE IMPACT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION IN WOMAN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WOMEN WITH OR WITHOUT MISCARRIAGES
ParvashaMemon ,Hadikafazil and Lizna Qasim
Department of Psychology University of Sindh, Jamshoro
Email: [email protected]
Abstract he purpose of this study is to assess the Quality of life and depression in women with miscarriages and to assimilate it in women without miscarriages. After detailed literature review following hypotheses were formulated: (1) The woman with miscarriages will show high level of depression than a women without miscarriages. (2) The woman without miscarriages will show high level of Quality of life than a women with miscarriages. The sample of 200 participants (100 healthy and 100 miscarriage) was taken from the different hospitals of Hyderabad. The age range of the participants was 18 – 40 years. Demographic information was taken to get information about the participants like age, family system, education, etc. The measures of Quality of Life (QOL) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered respectively. T- test were used to see the difference level of with or without miscarriages in women. Findings demonstrate that the women with miscarriages shows high level of depression and low level of quality of life. On the other hand, the women without miscarriages show low level of depression and high level of quality of life.
Keywords: Quality of life, Depression, women with or without miscarriages.
pg. 87
IMRC-SS-19
KNOWLEDGE GRAPH BONDING WITH KEY THEMES AND CHARACTERS OF BIOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS: AN EDUCATIONAL DATA MINING STUDY
Zafar Ullah
Department of English, UML, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Several close readings of a text consume a lot of time to read big data or any voluminous texts, consequently, more time, attention and hermeneutic skills are required to establish the correct knowledge relationship among significant themes and characters. To address this problem, Links tool in Voyant constructs knowledge graphs from voluminous text instantly. The sky blue colour coding is used to point out three most frequent words while orange colour themes and characters refer to the remaining entities of the text or data. These knowledge graphs are multipronged links and they are interactive in nature to expand or shrink them according to the needs of digital natives of the contemporary postmodern age. Then further links are also developed to understand interconnectivity of sub themes and characters of the uploaded text. This study is an experiment of Links tool on intermediate English texts of five biographical essays and it employs qualitative research method during analysis and discussion. Furthermore, zooming and filtering techniques are also used to comprehend the true hermeneutic meanings of knowledge graphs. Links tool constructs knowledge graphs automatically without any programming skill, hence, this data visualization is very time saving and beneficial for learners and teachers during pedagogical phase and in autonomous learning. Major findings of this study reveal that knowledge patterns have been extracted in the form of correct construction of knowledge graphs, thus, they serve digital hermeneutic purposes with economy of time. Moreover, except first biography, remaining four names of personalities of biographical essays have got central position in the data visualization of knowledge graphs. Bonding among characters and major events have been correctly constructed. Beneficiaries of current study are students, teachers and digital natives of any domain.
Keywords: Educational data mining, knowledge graphs, digital hermeneutica, educational relation, knowledge patterns,
pg. 88
IMRC-SS-20
VIJAY TENDULKAR’S SILENCE! THE COURT IS IN SESSION: A PORTRAYAL OF THE SILENCE OF PATRIARCHY Maham Ali, Sadia Nazeer 1English Department, SBBWUP 2Assistant Professor, English Department, SBBWUP [email protected] [email protected] Abstract:
Vijay Tendulkar’s Silence! The court is in Session is a critique on the patriarchal values and institutions established in South Asian Culture. The tale is about Miss. Benare’s illicit relationship with Prof. Damle and focuses on the dilemma of the blame game when it comes to women’s right to motherhood. This study investigates the grounds on which the patriarchal society is based and the reasons why it does not care when a man is involved in an illicit relationship but accuses merely women when the product of their illegitimate relation is born. I have adapted the theoretical framework of Ruth Connell’s ‘Socialist Feminism’ to highlight the female oppression based on sex, gender, race and class. This female oppression in terms of sex and gender is being depicted in Silence! The court is in Session. Both Miss Benare and Professor Damle are equally involved in a relationship but only Ms. Benare is blamed for intending to bring up the illegitimate child. The play portrays the condition of women in 19th century in the Indian context. Vijay Tendulkar uses the stage to expose the gender discrimination and women oppression in patriarchy. This study examines the play as a reflection of male dominance in the society and highlights the silence of patriarchy when a woman is a victim and how men are consider supreme and the inequality between sexes. Keywords: Patriarchy Gender Discrimination, Women Oppression, Male dominance.
pg. 89
IMRC-SS-21
DIASPORIC CONSCIOUSNESS: FAMILY, HISTORY, IDENTITY, AND LANGUAGE IN SELECTED POEMS BY SUJATA BHATT
Mahnoor Sher and Sadia Nazeer English Department, SBBWUP Email: [email protected]
Abstract This study looks into the selected poems by Sujata Bhatt─“Partition”, “A Search for my Tongue”, and “A Different History”, with special reference to James Clifford’s ‘Diasporic Consciousness’. It aims at exploring the several different aspects of selected poems by Bhatt, such as family portraits, displacement, language, identity, history and endeavors to confirm these to the theoretical framework of ‘Diasporic Consciousness’ put forth by James Clifford. A close reading technique is undertaken in order to analyze the selected poems by Bhatt through the lens of Diasporic Consciousness. Moreover, this close reading method contributes to investigate the reasons behind Sujata Bhatt’s employment of the aforementioned concepts in the selected poems. This article follows a qualitative research methodology to inquire the notions of family portraits, dislocation etc. keeping in view Bhatt’s tendency towards diasporic consciousness and its portrayal in the selected poetic works. Hence, this study is an attempt to have a deeper insight into the traumatic experiences of an Indian layman during and after the Partition of Indian subcontinent in 1947. By presenting an account of the diasporic sufferings due to Partition 1947 in selected poems by Sujata Bhatt, this study retains its social significance for its universal relevance and validity of the concept of diaspora. It holds its importance in literature because it helps the readers easily comprehend the diasporic hardships of people like Sujata Bhatt by relating them to the major political movements in many other countries around the world, that caused their country folks to experience the same dilemma of being diasporas e.g. Afghan, Iranian, and African diasporas. Keywords: Diasporic Consciousness, Family, Diaspora, Displacement, Identity
pg. 90
IMRC-SS-22
18TH AMENDMENT AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN PAKISTAN Saba Fatima Warraichand Dr Muhammad Nadeem Mirza School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Email: [email protected] [email protected]
Abstract Ishtiaq Ahmed has dubbed Pakistan as a garrison state where military has ruled, directly or indirectly, through most of its history. However, since 2008 General Elections environment for democracy in the country is becoming conducive with each passing day, thus resulting in democratic consolidation. Among various indicators for the measurement of democratic consolidation, normative principles under the rubric of attitudinal foundations prevalent among political elite and general public play a very decisive role. This study intends to explore the causality relation between the Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment and processes of democratic consolidation in Pakistan. This research seeks to answer the questions such as: what is the 18th constitutional amendment, how is it nurturing democratic norms and institutions, and why is it taken as an optimistic factor for democratic consolidation in Pakistan. The study hypothesizes that conceptualization and operationalization of the semantics of 18th Amendment issues a provision of democratic norms, and popular support for these norms propels a normative confidence in democracy as an institution, thus paving a way towards regime consolidation in Pakistan. This qualitative research is conducted using historical sociological and case study methods. The study concludes with an expectation that – despite having several political and extra-political challenges –Pakistan is moving slowly from electoral democracy to liberal democracy, because of strengthening of normative beliefs about democracy being the most acceptable form of regime in the country. Keywords: Democratic Consolidation, 18th Amendment, Democratic Norms, Institutionalizing democracy, Devolution of Power.
pg. 91
IMRC-SS-23
STEREOTYPING OF GENDER ROLES AND NORMS BY SOCIETY: A FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF I STAND HERE IRONING
Syed Attia
Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The ideologies rampant in the societies ensure their reproduction through various means. Social institutions are employed to carry out the power structures and uphold the favourable ideologies. These ideologies always favour one over the other by means of differentiation. Gender is one such construct, which maintains the favourable hegemony of men over women by ascribing different gender roles that justify the society’s unequal treatment of men and women. Motherhood is the most natural aspect of female gender. However, society and social institutions are selective of what comprises good or bad mothering. I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen runs along the same line, where a mother is tormented by guilt of not fulfilling her role as a good mother. This study, thus, offers a critique on social stereotyping of gender roles from a social construction feminist perspective. The study specifically ventures to explore the various factors and institutions that normalize prescribed rules for good and bad mothering. The study also questions the unhelpful stance of the society with respect to child caring services, which makes women accept traditional gender roles. The aim of the study is to gain insight on social manipulation of gender as a way for upholding traditional gender values/roles.
Key Words: Motherhood, Good/bad mothering, Socialization, Gender roles, Public/social Patriarchy.
pg. 92
IMRC-SS-26
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND HOUSEHOLD WELLBEING: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
1Hina Haram, 1Dr. Khadija Shams and 2Dr. Madiha Gohar
1Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
2 National University of Science and Technology Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Women entrepreneurship is getting an ever increased attention in the recent era. Women entrepreneurs are appearing as potential players in Pakistan’s economy. Women are more than 50% of the national population and economically utilizing their potential not only leads to individual growth but household wellbeing, eventually resulting in economic growth and development. Literature has documented that women spend most of their earning on their children and household resulting in the wellbeing of the entire household, hence, the ripple down effect of their earning is greater than that of men. However, how significantly the women entrepreneurs contribute to the wellbeing of the household has not been explored yet. Current paper is a part of work in progress (PhD dissertation) that attempts to explore the impact of women owned entrepreneurial ventures on their household wellbeing. The study explores the role of the incomes earned by women entrepreneurs in their household. A Qualitative approach with a phenomenological stance is adopted in the research study. Primary data is collected through face to face in-depth interviews with 30 women entrepreneurs. Purposive and snow ball sampling techniques are adopted as sampling strategies topurposively choose women entrepreneurs who can better represent the population and give required information in less time. Data is analyzed thematically. Entrepreneurship awards women with a sense of self accomplishment, satisfaction and recognition. Moreover incomes earned through entrepreneurial ventures contribute mainly towards educational expenditures of children, other day to day household expenditures and raising living standards thereby increasing overall household wellbeing of women entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Women entrepreneurship, household wellbeing, qualitative research, KP
pg. 93
IMRC-SS-26
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND HOUSEHOLD WELLBEING: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
1Hina Haram, 1Dr. Khadija Shams and 2Dr. Madiha Gohar
1Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
2 National University of Science and Technology Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Women entrepreneurship is getting an ever increased attention in the recent era. Women entrepreneurs are appearing as potential players in Pakistan’s economy. Women are more than 50% of the national population and economically utilizing their potential not only leads to individual growth but household wellbeing, eventually resulting in economic growth and development. Literature has documented that women spend most of their earning on their children and household resulting in the wellbeing of the entire household, hence, the ripple down effect of their earning is greater than that of men. However, how significantly the women entrepreneurs contribute to the wellbeing of the household has not been explored yet. Current paper is a part of work in progress (PhD dissertation) that attempts to explore the impact of women owned entrepreneurial ventures on their household wellbeing. The study explores the role of the incomes earned by women entrepreneurs in their household. A Qualitative approach with a phenomenological stance is adopted in the research study. Primary data is collected through face to face in-depth interviews with 30 women entrepreneurs. Purposive and snow ball sampling techniques are adopted as sampling strategies topurposively choose women entrepreneurs who can better represent the population and give required information in less time. Data is analyzed thematically. Entrepreneurship awards women with a sense of self accomplishment, satisfaction and recognition. Moreover incomes earned through entrepreneurial ventures contribute mainly towards educational expenditures of children, other day to day household expenditures and raising living standards thereby increasing overall household wellbeing of women entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Women entrepreneurship, household wellbeing, qualitative research, KP
pg. 94
IMRC-SS-28
KARTARPUR CORRIDOR; A ROAD TO PEACE
Dr Sadia Fayaz and Wajeeha Khan
Department of Political Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Kartarpur Corridor: an important step (of Confidence Building Measures) in the relations of two hostile neighbors. This corridor connects the Kartarpur Sahib gurudwara in Pakistan to Baba Nanak Dera in Gurdaspur in India. Both the sites being of immense religious importance for the Sikh community can play a multi-dimensional role in harmonizing Indo-Pak rivalry. On the inauguration ceremony of Kartarpur Corridor, Navjot Singh Sidhu (Indian politician) said that this initiative will increase people to people contact and the relation between the nations will normalize. The objective of the article is to find out its religious, diplomatic, economic importance and its role which it can play in the relations of India and Pakistan. Descriptive and analytical method will be used for interpretation of secondary data. A number of issues and challenges are involved in building of this corridor as the two governments did not share good gesture still it is hoped that this step will play important part in imparting peace between the two countries. Religious attachment of sikh community being minority in both countries cannot be denied and hence some of the prominent personalities across the borders stand in front row for establishing of this corridor. Kartarpur corridor is significant economically too, increase in people to people contact will increase tourism in the area which will be a source of economic gains for Pakistan. It is estimated that it may yield economic gains of $300 million per year. Not only the visa but other facilities like food, hoteling and infrastructure will make economic benefit. Even prime minister of Pakistan proposed that it could be a first step towards better economic relations between Pakistan and India.
Keywords:Kartarpur, Corridor, Pakistan, India.
pg. 95
IMRC-SS-31
A RESEARCH REVIEW OF SHARIAH ISSUES IN CONTEMPRARY BANKING AND ITS SOLUTION IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN ISLAMICS SCHOLARS THOUGHTS TO REMOVE OBSTACLES IN BANKING
1Mulazim Khan, 2Dr. Manzoor Ahmad, 3Dr. Selahudin
1Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan
2Islamiat Department Gomal University
3Chairman Islamiat Department Gomal University
Abstract
All the praises and thanks for Allah and all greetings upon our Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW).Currently banking are knowledgeable of interest in the whole world. When concept of bank comes in the mind of any Muslim, so there are several forms of interest come in his mind. He hates absolutely bankruptcy because Allah says:
َوأَ َح َّلِ ََّّللاُِا ْلبَ ْي َ ِ َو َح َّر َمِال ِ ربَا۔۔۔الخِ)البقرۃ:275( Allah has forbidden the interest and declared the trade as lawful.
So In this research article, a form of banking will be offered by which it will be helped to clean cursing of interest and will be able to work so pure commercial based purposes. This research article will envisage the following cardinal points about contemporary Islamic banking Finance:
(1) What does Islamic banking means? and clean the banking ِ)المضاربه(How can we use the golden principles of Islamic business Partnership (2) from interest? (3) What are issues in contemporary Islamic banking? (4) What is solution to solve these issues in the light of Quran, Sunnah and the Islamic Fiqh? Key words: Prophet, Quran, Sunnah , Islamic Fiqh, issues, contemporary, interest, trade, business, commerce
pg. 96
IMRC-SS-33
ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC FACTORS BEHIND CHILDREN’S INVOLVEMENT IN DELINQUENT ACTS
1Asif Khushhal, 1Prof. Dr. Niaz Muhammadand3Muhammad Zahid
1Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar
2Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The study at hand was designed to examine economic factors that push children toward delinquent acts. Data was collected from n=150 respondents out of N=250 through interview schedule. In this research study the researcher intended to interview a particular age group of delinquent children ranging from 12 to 18 years and for that purpose he used purposive sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS- Version 20). Chi-square test was used to measure the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Among the variables existence of poverty in the family, low living standard of life, unlimited lust of youth for material wealth, lack of recreational facilities, lack of access to quality education due to poverty, non-earning status of family members, land disputes and child labor were found to be significantly associated with juvenile delinquency. It was suggested that government should support destitute parents and provide them enough funds for rearing and caring of their children. Government institutions and individual organizations working for the rights and welfare of children should raise the existing standard of life of the impoverished kids. Awareness campaigns should be launched by government and non-government organizations to discourage the craze of becoming rich in a night among the youth. Proper arrangements should be done to provide recreational facilities to the children across the country and child labor should be banned and laws against it should be implemented in its true spirit.
Keywords: Juvenile Delinquent, Delinquent Acts, Economic Factors
IMRC-SS-34 pg. 97
HEC RESEARCH JOURNALS AND THEIR CATEGORIES (Z Y X W)
Dr Bismina Siraj
Department of Urdue, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
Abstract To promote research culture HEC initiated research journals in Universities and released funds for their printing .Some of the Universities have published really excellent research journals. These research journals have become a trademark of these Universities .These research journals have developed the culture of research among students and teachers. HEC has divided these research journals to different categories according to the scope of the research. Some of the renowned journals have been banned due to noncompliance of HEC rules.
IMRC-SS-35
PAKISTAN’S LANGUAGE POLICY DILEMMA
Atif Khalid Butt Department of Urdu, University of the Punjab, Lahore
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
English is the official language of Pakistan, and it has also become a status symbol over the years. Although only a small number of the country’s population is well-versed in it, but it has deep roots in Pakistan’s bureaucratic system which draws its strength from the colonial traditions. The imposition of English as the official language under the 1973 Constitution of the country has been proved less productive, if not counterproductive, in the case of Pakistan. It is perhaps only country in the world where national language, i.e. Urdu, does not enjoy the status of official language. Successive governments have never paid any heed to the core issues of language policy and different policies have been made to temporarily address the issues that had a permanent impact with reference to the country’s development. A back and forth shift in the language policies has also impaired the educational system, and it has given rise to the general public’s distrust in the system. As English was promoted at the cost of Urdu and regional languages, so a sense of hostility, naturally, developed against it among particular sections of the society. This article discusses the history of Pakistan’s language policy, especially with reference to education, and indicates the problems that could be tackled by rationalizing the role of English in the educational as well as pg. 98
official spheres. The author has analyzed different language based movements that played a role in shaping the ethno-political mindset of the masses belonging to certain regions of the country. The article also suggests some possible remedial measures that could be adopted as a damage control exercise to create a balance between English, Urdu and regional languages without causing harm to any of them or arousing a sense of displeasure among different classes associated with these languages.
Keywords: English, Urdu, Regional languages, Language policy, Education
IMRC-SS-38
A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF COLLOCATION NETWORKS AND SEMANTIC ASSOCIATIONS IN PAKISTANI AND AMERICAN ENGLISH SONGS
Memoona Khatoon and Dr.Tehseen Zahra
Department of Humanities, Air University, Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Exploration of collocation networks and semantic associations using corpus based techniques have become an important focus of research studies in corpus linguistics. The current study aims to build a link between corpus linguistics and semantics by exploring collocation networks and semantic associations using the corpora of American and Pakistani English songs. Limited corpus-based researches have been conducted on Pakistani and American songs. This research explored the semantic associations and collocation networks in Pakistani and American English songs using the theory of lexical priming (Hoey, 2005). According to Hoey (2005) the word combinations are not isolated rather they are semantically associated whereas the collocation networks are the networks of node and collocates (Brezina, McEnery &Wattam, 2015). A comparative analysis of American and Pakistani English songs by exploring semantic associations and collocation networks has been conducted. The lyrics of the songs of both countries released from 2000 to 2015 have been transcribed building the corpus of 39436 words for American songs and 16877 words for Pakistani songs. American songs have been selected from American billboard while all Pakistan English songs have been selected because they are limited in number. Initially, we compiled wordlist from both corpora. Later, we selected content words for analysis. Lancsbox is used to extract the frequency and collocation networks of the selected content words. Selected words are analyzed using mixed method approach to achieve the research objectives. The findings of the study reveal the meanings pg. 99
of lexical items in different semantic environments and the themes associated with the networks of these lexical items.
Keywords: Collocations, Corpus, Lancsbox, Semantic Associations
IMRC-SS-41
SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF VISUALS IN ENGLISH BOOKS OF KHYBERPAKHTUNKHWA TEXTBOOK BOARD (PAKISTAN) WITH GENDER LENS: EXPLORING THE GENDER SENSITIZATION LEVEL OF KHYBERPAKHTUNKHWA
Tahira Akbar
Department of gender Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract
Semiotics is visual literacy which is an important aspect of learning process involving various social aspects of a society. Visuals are used dominantly in all books of early learners because it is considered the most efficient way of learning and teaching. Representation of gender through visual literacy is the most current and debatable social issue in the contemporary world. Though in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, the books of almost all subjects including English Textbooks of all classes are supplemented with visuals .But unfortunately this aspect of gender is being neglected in the English textbooks of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan. An interview is conducted from the officers of textbook board to explore the level of sensitization which revealed that they are still unable to understand the true concept of gender due to which male and female are still presented in stereotypical way. Through interviews it is made clear that this inability is due to the officials’ unawareness, cost constraints of management and social norms.
Keywords: Visual literacy, Gender, Textbooks
pg. 100
IMRC-SS-42
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE LIGHT OF THE RELIGIOUS LITERATURE OF JUDAISM & ISLAM
Dr Fatimaand Dr Samina Begum
Department of Islamic Studies, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar
Abstract
Human Rights are basically the protectors of the fundamental rights of humanity. Human Rights lead the society towards the human wellbeing. These rights enhance the dignity of individuals and maintain their social and political freedom. These are actually the pillars to ensure peace and justice in the society. It’s a universal fact that in the absence of Human Rights Law, violation, injustice and deprivation from all fundamental rights occupy and exploit the nations. The violation of moral principles and social law have been observed where human rights are not practiced. The Followers of Judaism claim that a fundamental Jewish principle is the equality and unity of humanity. They believe that all human beings have one Creator and he is the only one Divine Parent of every person. Jew scholars believe that this is a universal religion that condemns discrimination based on race, color, or nationality. God endows each person with basic human dignity. Similarly, the concept of Human rights in Islam is basically affiliated with the respect, dignity and equality of human beings. The upcoming article will explain human rights in the light of the Holy Scripture of Judaism and Islam and in this connection consequences will be made that how to bring peace and tolerance through implementing these teachings in a diverse society.
Key words: Human Rights, Judaism, Islam, Peace & Harmony.
pg. 101
IMRC-SS-44
CORPUS-BASED CDA OF “THE NEWS" EDITORIALS ON TRIBAL DISTRICTS
Nusrat Gul and Dr.Tehseen Zahra
Air University Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Media discourse is a source of information for us about any issue whether it is local, regional or global. It is the leading contributor of public opinion (Van Dijk, 2000). It also builds the insight of the community and leaders (Saeed, Paracha&Ali, 2017). Being a source of information, various ethnic groups and conflicting regions are also represented through print media discourse. Such as Pakistan’s tribal districts and their residents. They have acquired special attention and have been under limelight after 9/11. They are represented, treated and reflected through print media discourse. This study explores print media discourse specifically the discourse of editorials on tribal districts. Its objectives are: to critically analyse the lexical choices that are employed for the representation of tribal districts and their residents and to investigate their image construction in the editorials. The data of the study have been collected from one of the Pakistani English leading newspapers “THE NEWS”. Two methodological strands (i.e. CDA and CL) have been incorporated. Van Dijk ideological model of” Us” versus “Them” ( 2006) along with their strategies have been employed with corpus analysis tools such as sketch engine software. The analysis of the study revealed that “THE NEWS” editorials have ideologically generated particular lexical choices for the representation of tribal districts and their people in different periods of time. They have showed the” US” versus “them” sentiments in the image construction of tribal districts (ex- Fata region). The study concludes, that print media editorials are an ideological construction that serve the interest of newspapers agenda. Such ideological construction through lexical choices or words create negative attitudes and reality about them.The choice of words or language that are employed for them make a great impact since “language create worlds, institutions, and human relationships” (Gee, 2011, p.19). Keywords: Print media, CDA, Corpus, Van Dijk
pg. 102
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF SPIRITS IN COELHO’S BRIDA WITHIN HARNER’SCORE SHAMANIC THEORY OF DREAMS Ayesha Ijaz1, Humaira Riaz2 1Department of English, SBBWUP 2Assistant Professor, Department of English, City University, Peshawar [email protected]
Abstract Spirits play a vital role and are capable to influence a desired practitioner’s life. Different cultural groups perceive the idea of spirits contradictory. The present study aims to investigate the Shamanic Trance reflected in Brazilian writer Coelho’s Brida(2008), by following the theoretical framework of Harner’s “Core Shamanist theory of Dreams”. Qualitative in nature, the present study supports the selected principles and relates them to the notion of spirits and their connection found in Brida(2008). The selected novel stands as an appropriate depiction of shamanic study and reflects the traces of Harner’s “Shamanic Dreamwork”. The study employs the selected six principles by Harner to emphasize the existence of spirits in the form of soul mates in Coelho’ Brida(2008). The concept of “Spirit” is illustrated in Brida(2008) through the characters of Magus and Micca being mental instructors to the protagonist Brida, thus encouraging her in voyage of self-discovery. The term “Spirit” in itself is conflicting but Coelho’s opinion and representation of spirits correspond to the principles’ representation by Harner (2010). The study is significant as it takes inspiration from the shamanic trance that a common person prefers to pursue in his/her life. It therefore, unveils the mystic approach that any individual belonging to any culture or faith can practice. This study highlights the existence of the life-forcing elements and relates them to the principles presented by Harner (2010). In future, a study can be conducted to see if Coelho (2008) reflected mysticism or sorcery in his fiction books.
Keywords:Shamanism, shamanic Trance, spirits, dreams, Soulmate
pg. 103
IMRC-SS-47
HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS PERCEPTION ABOUT ANDROGOGY
AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Dr. Umar Khitab Subject Specialist in Chemistry, Education Department K.P.K [email protected]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the perception of higher secondary teachers about androgogy and their professional development in higher secondary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The research questions included were the Role play method for turning knowledge into action, connections field experiences, students' performance in the class and solve problems, self direction in learning, assignments for willing to learning, generalization of knowledge and critical thinking, and perception about sharing of learning in class and to provide new ideas to students. Data sources were 20 higher secondary school teachers and 10 principals of ten higher secondary schools in district Malakand and district Dir (Lower). Data analysis included line-by-line-coding, open coding and then emerging themes were made. The themes were (a) students experience in the class and exploration of their feelings and reaction (b) Teacher contributions to professional developmentin the form of connections field experiences, readings and class discussion (c) Student performance due to professional development. (d) Generalize of knowledge (e) Teachers perception about the students to share learning in class and provide new ideas to the students. Results indicated that although the teachers perceive professional development as a tool but still more improvement is required to increase its effectiveness. This study may contribute to provide enhancement of the students’ academic performance. Based on the findings of this study several recommendations were made for the further improvement.
Key words: Androgogy, professional development, self-efficacy, instructional strategies
pg. 104
IMRC-SS-48
An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors on Demand for Female Higher Education in Rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sonia Iqbal1, Dr. Khadija Shams2 1,2Department of Economics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Pakistan. Email: [email protected]
Abstract Higher education plays a substantial role in the development of a country. In the modern era of rapid globalization and economic interdependence, the higher education is considered as a capital investment because it gives benefits in the future. The developed nations pay equal attention to their males and females in providing them higher education but in conservative societies higher education is the most neglected sector. Same is true for Pakistan. Specifically, in rural areas of KP and Baluchistan along with gender discrimination social values, racism, religious values, personal preferences and culture also plays an important role when it comes to take decisions regarding allowing their daughters to go for higher education. Due to the rise in the importance being projected in the academic and non-academic discourses, the percentage of women pursuing higher education is increasing too, so is the increase in number of women universities from none in 1990’s to over 15 HEC recognized universities till 2019. The present study aims to explore the antecedents behind the rising demand for female higher education in rural KP and to analyze the effects of socio-economic and cultural factors on demand for female higher education in rural KP. To support the argument primary data will be collected through questionnaires from the households of rural KP. Samples will be selected through multistage sampling technique. Keywords: Women Education, Higher Education, Culture, Gender Norms, Social values, Economic Factors
pg. 105
IMRC-SS-53
EXPLORING BADAL AS ZEEST-O-RIWAJ IN PUKHTUN CULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF VILLAGE GALOCH SWAT
Rahila
Department of Anthropology, Islamic International University, Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper deals with an often discussed theme ‘Badal’ or revenge among Pashtuns. Albeit; this paper provides the insights into a gendered domain of ‘Badal’ that is the cultural and ritualistic aspect of reciprocity. There are multiple lenses that could be used to explore the ontology of this gendered ‘Badal’ including symbolic violence or the reciprocity through gift and exchange. This paper will explore these layers of epistemological meanings that are embedded in Pashtun Zeest o riwaj or the Pashtun culture and rituals. Badal is what completes a Pashtun and making of Pashtun needs to be understood in its idiosyncratic feature of extended self through her commune. Personal identities are submerged and masked by the family or clan identities that constitute the communal and national identity for Pashtuns. Objectives of the study are to provide women centric account of reciprocity (Badal) and understand the economic burden of reciprocity as a mean to main Latin social networks among relatives and neighbors (symbolic violence). Further, to explore the nature of the assimilation of ghairat and Pakhtunwali into daily routine of women. This paper is based on the ethnographic fieldwork done in a Yousafzai Pashtun community in the rural setting of Swat district in post-Taliban era. There is a trend of literacy among females, particularly the younger ones, however, they are often not part of the office going cohort. Usual profession for females is teaching at school or college. Majority is working within the domestic sphere of home. Social networking with relatives and neighbor’s is one of the primary tasks apart from errands and cooking at home; hence a lot of time and energy is spent in strategizing and carrying on this task. Badal as reciprocity is often a slipped topic when etic studies tried to understand the Pakhtunwali. Albeit, when an emic perspective of this ethnography explored the Badal from female perspective; new insights about burden and invisible symbolic violence were made overt.
Keywords: Pukhtun, Pukhtunwali, Badal, Honor & Taunt
IMRC-SS-54
pg. 106
IN NEW PASHTO LITERATURE, THE CRITICAL REVIEW OF THOSE BOOKS TITLES (NAMES) THAT REFLECT OUR SOCIAL PROBLEMS. د پښتو د جدید ادب د هغې کتابوںو د ںوموںو څېړںه،چې سماجي مسئلې پکښې مںعکس شوې وي نورالبصرِامن ِ
Deptt of Pashto, Department of Pushto, University of Malakand,
Email:[email protected]
خالصه:ِاديبِاوِشاعرِډېرِزيرکِاوِدِحسا ِذهنِخاوندِويِـِِپهِمعاشرہِکښېِچېِڅۀِکيږيِدِنوروِخلقوِپهِنسبتِدِقلمِخاوندانِيېِډېرہِپهِ زيرکتياِاوِباريکِبينۍِسرہِجايزہِاخليِاوِدغېِحاالتوِاوِواقعاتوِلهِبياِپهِخپلوِليکونوِکښېِنيغِپهِنېغهِياِپهِاشاروِاوِکنايوِکښېِځاےِورکويِِ ـِځکهِخوِدِادبِيوِتعريفِِداِهمِشوېِدےِچېِادبِدِژوندِانعکا ِاوِترجمانِويِـِ ِ هسېِخوِپهِټولِادبِکښېِدِمعاشرېِترجمانيِپهِډېرِښۀِاندازِکښېِتصويرِشوېِويِخوِدِپښتوِپهِجديدہِشاعرۍِکښېِِيوِنوېِرجحانِشروعِ شوېِدےِچېِهغهِډېرِدِفکرِوړِدےِـِدغهِرجحانِدِکتابونوِدِنومونوِدےِـِپهِدېِنويِرجحانِاوِاندازِکښېِداسېِسماجيِاوِمعاشرتيِمسئلوِ تهِپامِلرنهِشوېِدہِچېِدغهِنومونهِدِادبياتوِاوِسوشلِسائنسزِدِمحقيقينوِدِپارہِډېرِتحقيقيِسوالونهِراپورتهِکويِ،ِلکهِدِمثالِپهِتوګهِ"زمونږِ پهِکليِکښېِشرِمۀِجوړوہ"،"ِتۀِدِغوږونوِوالۍِمۀِخرڅوہ"،"اميدِمېِشتهِامنِبهِراشي"،ِوغېرہِدغهِسوالونهِدومرہِمھمِديِچېِدِدېِپهِشاِ کومېِمسئلېِويِدِهغېِدِحلِکولوِدِپارہِالرېِچارېِلټولِدِوختِضرورتِدے ِ پهِدېِمقالهِکښېِبهِدِپښتنوِادبِدِدغهِکتابونوِدِنومونوِجاجِاخستلےِشيِچېِداِبهِدِادبياتوِاوِسوشلِسائنسزِدِسکالرانوِدِپار
IMRC-SS-55
TRADE POTENTIAL IN PESHAWAR UNDER CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC)
Muhammad Bilal
MPhil, Madina Institute of Contemporary Studies Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
CPEC as an extension of China’s ambitious One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative is an attempt to reproduce the ancient silk route trade links that were severed during colonial times. Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, acquires importance in this connection as for centuries Peshawar was the prosperous hub for the trade and commerce between South Asia and the Central Asia. CPEC provides two opportunities for growth of trade in Peshawar: first, access to markets in various parts of the country, region and beyond; and second, the chance to diversify Peshawar’s trade products. This research study seeks to identify and explore trade potential of Peshawar under CPEC and to propose a set of recommendations to government authorities and relevant stakeholders to overcome the hurdles in increasing trade in Peshawar. The Research for this study was conducted
pg. 107
through critical analysis of official reports, documents and Journals. Structured and semi-structured interviews with policy makers, businessmen, traders, intellectuals and academicians were also conducted to collect data for CPEC related projects and its trade prospects in Peshawar. It is argued that the prudent use of trade can drive economic development of Peshawar, which is one of the most affected cities by terrorism in Pakistan.
Keywords: OBOR, CPEC, Trade, Peshawar, Economic Development
IMRC-SS-56
PAKISTAN’S LAW ENFORCEMENT AND DIPLOMATIC STRATEGIES IN THE ‘WAR ON TERROR’ Dr. Sadaf Bashir Department of Political Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected]
Abstract After joining the US-led coalition in the ‘War on Terror’ in the wake of 9/11 attacks, Pakistan took several measures to boost its internal security and to establish the writ of the government. Islamabad banned several militant groups and extremist religious parties, curbed the publication and sale of hate material, suppressed financing of terrorism and strengthened its law enforcement agencies. However, there are a number of limitations upon Pakistan’s ability to combat militants. Some of these limitations arise from Pakistan’s domestic political situation and its policies on Kashmir and Afghanistan. Others emerge from Pakistan’s financial limitations and persistent lack of resources, including training and equipment facilities, law enforcement capacity and effective bureaucratic culture. Besides adequate counterterrorism legislation, judicial capacity and better coordination among intelligence agencies are lacking. This study seeks to detail Pakistan’s diplomatic, law enforcement and internal security strategies in its fight against terrorism and extremism. It also highlights the gaps between crafting and execution of these strategies. This qualitative research was conducted through scrutiny of documents and structured and semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders and policymakers. The study concludes by suggesting that Pakistan needs a balanced counter-terrorism and counter-extremism approach which should focus on “people-centric” rather than “enemy-centric” operations. Furthermore, Islamabad also needs international support and assistance to strengthen its law enforcement institutions in order to curb the scourge of extremism and terrorism.
Keywords: ‘War on Terror’, Counter-Terrorism & Counter-Extremism, Law Enforcement, Diplomatic Strategies.
IMRC-SS-57 pg. 108
USING BLOOM TAXONOMY: ANALYSIS OF THE LEVELS OF QUESTIONS IN THE TEXTBOOK OF ENGLISH AT SECONDARY LEVEL IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWADr. Wilayat Bibi
Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto,Women University, Peshawar Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The nature of textbook questions has received frequent attention. Research has positively proved that there is a preponderance of lower level questions, generally in all text books and particularly in English text books. Though such questions can enable students to memorize certain facts written in the text books, but they are unable to enable the students think critically. The study was conducted with a view to analyze the cognitive levels of questions in the English text books at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by using Bloom’s Taxonomy. The content of the study analyzed two themes i.e. critical thinking and questioning. In the area of critical thinking, main focus was given to the topics like: nature of critical thinking, developing critical thinking through questioning. In the second theme, the following issues were addressed: The importance of questions, effect of higher and lower level questions on students’ achievement, teacher and text book questions and research on English text book questions analyzed via Bloom’s taxonomy. More than 400 questions in 9th and 10th grades English text books were analyzed according to sub categories of Bloom’s cognitive Domain (1956). Both frequency/percentage of incidence tables were employed to analyze the data. Hypotheses were tested at the.05 level of significance. Analysis of the data indicated that 83% of questions were at the lower cognitive levels (i.e. knowledge 35%, and comprehension 48%), and 17% at the higher cognitive levels (i.e. application 1%, analysis 9%, synthesis 4%, and evaluation 3%). Higher level questions that help to develop students’ thinking skills were not well-represented in the textbooks of English. On the whole, it was recommended that teachers, textbook authors, and curriculum makers should become familiar with various levels of questions and the usefulness of employing each level.
Keywords: Textbook, Bloom Taxonomy, Lower level questions. Higher level questions, Critical Thinking
IMRC-SS-58
اقبالِکےِکالمِميںِابراہيمِِِِِکاِکردار۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ِايکِنمون ٔہِعمل Farhana Qazi
pg. 109
College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar
شاع ِرمشرمِعالمہِمحمدِاقبالِکےِکالمِميںِبہتِسےِِکردارِنماياںِطورِپرِسامنےِآےِہيں۔ِانِکرداروںِکیِکثيرِتعدادِکاِتعل ِدنياِکیِ مذہبیِاورِسياسیِتاريخِسےِہے۔باالفاظِديگرِيہِايسےِکردارِہيںِجنہوںِنےِعالمِانسانيتِپرِانمٹِاورِمستقلِاثراتِمرتبِکيےِہيں۔ِانِميںِ سےِايکِکردار"ابراہيم"ِہےِجسےِاقبالِنےِکبھیِخليلِہللاِاورِکبھیِبراہيمِکےِنامِسےِپيشِکياِہے۔ِيہِکردارِاقبالِکےِکالمِميںِايکِ منفردِاورِجداگانہِاہميتِاورِحيثيتِرکھتاِہے۔يہِکہناِبجاِہوگاِکہِيہِاقبالِکےِپسنديدہِکرداروںِميںِسےِہے۔زيرِنظرمقالہِکالمِاقبالِميںِ موجودِا ِکردارِکےِتعارف،تفہيم،ِتجزيہِاوراہميتِپرِمبنیِہے۔
IMRC-SS-59
سواتِکےنمائيندہِشعراءِکیِشاعریِميںِدہشتِگردیِکاِبيان ڈاکٹرِانتلِضياء ِ
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawer
وادیِسواتِجوِپھولوںِاورِپربتوںِکےِحوالےِسےِمشہورِرہی،ِبيرونیِاورِاندرونیِحاالتِکیِبدولتِسن۲۰۰۰ِءِميںِايکِايسیِکيفيتِ سےِدوچارِہوئیِج ِميںِامنِوِسالمتیِ،ِدہشتِگردوںِکےِہاتھوںِتاراجِہوگئی۔ِاکِخاصِمنصوبےِکےِتحتِ'تالبانائزيشن'ِکےِذريعےِِ مقامیِافرادِکیِزندگیِاجيرنِہوئی۔ِرياستِکےِقانوںِنافذِکرنےِوالےِاداروںِاورِدہشتِگردوںِکےِدرميانِجنگِکیِبدولتِيہاںِکےِباشندوںِ کوِاندرونِملکِہجرتوںِسےِدوچارِہوناِپوا۔ِاپنےِہیِملکِميںِاندرونیِپناہِگاہوںِکیِتالشِنےِفردِکوِمختلفِنفسياتیِکيفياتِميںِمبتالِکيا۔ِ مقامیِشعراءِنےِا ِجنگِاورِخوفِکیِکشمکشِکوِبيانِکرنےِکےساتھِساتھِہجرتوںِاورِمسافتوںِکیِداستانِبھیِبيانِکی۔ِفردِبيکِوقتِ نفرتِ،ِمحبت،ِانسانِدوستیِاورِدشمنیِکیِکيفياتِميںِمبتالِہوکرِج ِکشمکشِسےِگزرا،ِشعراءِنےِا ِکیِبھرپورِترجمانیِکی،ِجنِکاِ تذکرہِا ِمقالےِميںِکياِجائےِگا۔
IMRC-SS-60
THE EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON FUNCTIONABILITY OF PROVINCES pg. 110
1Syed Akhtar Ali Shah and 2Dr. SaimaParveen
Former Home Secretary, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ,
Department of Political Science, Women University Swabi
Abstract
The issue of federalism has remained one of the thorniest issues in the history of Pakistan. The 1973 constitution based upon the consensus tried to resolve the issue by insertion of the lists of Federal, Concurrent and Residue realizing that denial of participation and ignoring cultural identities and the smaller provinces causes alienation and consequently separatist tendencies such as the separation of East Pakistan. Even afterwards the distribution of powers between the federation and the provinces has been a contentious issue. All well-wishers believed that finally 18th amendment had buried the controversies. It is considered that it heralded a real federal democracy with the abolition of concurrent list giving the provinces access to their resources, their right to make policies for revenue generation. However, still questions are been raised about the capacity of the provinces to deliver. In this context this research article assesses impact of 18th amendment on the function ability of provinces in terms of strengthening national integration and good governance. Moreover, the research examines exact nature and extent of the autonomy allowed to the provinces and its implementation. This research is conducted by using qualitative and case study methods with Interviews and questionnaires as data collecting tools. The province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been selected as case study.
The research establishes that 18th amendment is headway towards provincial autonomy enabling the provinces enough legal and financial autonomy with allocation of resources in, as well as capacity to expand the revenue base; and above. Conclusively the amendment imparts decentralization leading to true federalism and national integration
Keywords: Constitution, Federation, Provincial Autonomy, 18th Amendment, Concurrent List.
IMRC-SS-63
سلم ی لیکچرار شعبہء اُردو شہید بیںظیربھٹو خواتین یوںیورسٹی پشاور
pg. 111
03466273201 ںاصر علی سید کے افساںوں کا موضوعاتی مطالعہ
Nasir Ali syed is a popular poet and prose writer .celebrated for his skills in short stories and Nazm .he excus his contemporary writers both in prose and poetry.his short stories reflect the contemporary norms and cultural values .his short stories present an inspiring blend of issues related to broken families ,materialism,individualism,romance and realism.in addition,he thematizes western culture,society and western bias against muslims in his works.his works are true reflection of social themes highlighted to an excellence.this article examines intellectual and literary skills of nasir ali syed as a prose writer.
IMRC-SS-64
THE CHANGING IDENTITY OF WOMAN IN ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION PERSPECTIVE: (A CASE STUDY OF ISLAMABAD /RAWALPINDI)
Sadia Rana
Department of Development Studies, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper investigates the post-industrial phase which markedly consisted of female workers and the work opportunities for them offered by economic globalisation with changing structural trends of development. Global economic integration and interdependence has promised to bring human welfare and employment opportunities around the world without being considering satisfactory globalisation effects on gender equality. While development in cross-cultural perspectives means little choices and opportunities to be exercised. Amartya Sen extensive research on “development as freedom” aspect recognise the economic and social participation of women in the market. This paper approaches the phenomenon of growing fast food culture in Pakistan with increasing demand of customer care services that bring equal opportunities of employment for both genders. This not only impacts on growth but also provides an identity to a woman to enjoy equal socio-economic status in society. This study use qualitative sampling techniques to observe the existing phenomenon with in-dept interviews. Further this study use framework analysis to better analyse the data in themes.
Globalisation is where cultures interact and specialisation lowers the lack of competition. Improved quality in food and customer care services are in trend, where waitresses and waiter are getting importance in providing relaxed pg. 112
and friendly dinning. Exposure of women towards resources with their economic and social empowerment requires collective changes in institutions and social relationships. Contribution of women in labour force which is question on their ability and decision making is one indicator of development that shifts economic activities from agriculture to industry, and it may requires the shift of gender labour supply by weakens the social stigmas. The crucial phenomenon of developing countries is to understand regarding quality of employment both for the purpose of productivity and human development to meet the expanded needs of country.
Keywords:Globalisation, woman identity, fast food culture, gender discrimination
IMRC-SS-65
پاکستاںی جامعات میں اردو تحقیق کی صورت حال
صدف عںبرین لیکچرار شعبہء اُردو شہید بیںظیربھٹو خواتین یوںیورسٹی پشاور Email: [email protected]
تحقي ِميںِيہِباتِبویِاہميتِکیِحاملِہےِکہِکسیِبھیِمسئلےِکےِحلِکےِليےِصحيحِطورِپرِتحقي ِکاِطريقہِاپناياِجائے۔اگرِمحق ِصحيحِ طريقہِاختيارِنہيںِکرتاِتوِوہِک ِطرکِدرستِنتائجِحاصلِکرئےِگا۔ِلہذاِکسیِبھیِمحق ِکےِليےِيہِباتِخصوصاًِتوجہِکےِالئ ِہےِکہِ وہِکامِشروعِکرنےِسےِپہلےکامِکےِطري ِپرِبخوبیِغورِوِفکرِکرئےِ۔کيونکہِاسکاِتحقيقیِتجربہِاورِا ِتجربےِسےِپيداِہونےِوالیِ مہارتِرفتہِرفتہِاسےاُسےِدرستِسمتِتکِپہنچاِسکتیِہےِاورِيوںِوہِصحيحِطريقےِميںِتحقي ِکےِفنیِاُصولِآزماِکرِنتائجِحاصلِکرِ سکتاِہےِ۔يہِالگِباتِہےِکہِوہِمحضِحقائ ِِواقعاتِکیِتالشِکرِتاِہےياِاُ ِسےِآگےِاپنیِتنقيدیِبصيرتِکےِپ ِمنظرِميںِتشريحِوِ توضي ِکاِعملِبھیِشروعِکرناِچاہتاِہےِ۔يہِسبِاُ ِسوچِاورِرفتارِپرِمنحصرِہے۔ا ِباتِکاِمکملِتعينِممکنِنہيںِکہِتحقي ِکیِمنزلِ تکِپہچنےِکےِليےکنِکنِراستوںِکاِِانتخابِکياِجائےکيونکہِہرِمحق ِکاِاندازِفکرِسوچ،مطالعاتیِرويہ،اورِنتائجِاخذِکرنےِکاِطريقہِکارِ مختلفِہوتاِہے۔جہاںِتکِپاکستانیِيونيورسٹیِِميںِتحقي ِکےِمعيارِاورِرفتارِکاِتعل ِہےِاسےِہمِقابلِاطمينانِقرارِديتےِہوئےِبھیِمکملِ قاب ِلِاعتبارِقرارِنہيںِدےِسکتےِا ِموضوعِپرِباتِکرتےِہوئےِانِتمامِباتوںِکاِجائزہِا ِمقالےِميںِلياِجائےِگاِ.ِ ِ
IMRC-SS-66
RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL THEORY OF MIND AND PARENTING PRACTICES WITH CHILDREN’S EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES
pg. 113
Dr. Rabia Khawar, Ali Haider, Maryam Nadeem, Noor Fatima, Sadia Kanwal and Hina Fatima Department of Applied Psychology, Govt. College University Faisalabad Email: [email protected] Abstract
The current study investigated the role of maternal theory of mind skills and parenting practices in developing emotional and behavioral problems among children. Sample of 171 mothers of children (3 to 12 years; Mage = 7.61 SDage= 2.73) was drawn from general population by using purposive sampling technique. Theory of mind and parenting practices of mothers were assessed through Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET; Cohen et al., 2001) and Parenting Scale (PS; Arnold, 1993). Emotional and behavioral problems of children were measured by using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 2002). Findings of Pearson Product Moment Correlation indicated that maternal theory of mind skills had significant negative relationship with dysfunctional parenting practices (over-reactivity) and behavioral problems in children. Results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal theory of mind and over-reactive parenting was significant predictor of externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems in children. Mediation using PROCESS (Hayes, 2018) indicated that over-reactive parenting practice partially mediated the relationship between maternal theory of mind and emotional and behavioral outcomes in children. The study provides insight to the parents for focusing on their social cognitive skills and parenting practices to develop better emotional and behavioral outcomes in their children.
Keywords:Theory of mind, Parenting, Emotional and behavioral problems.
IMRC-SS-68
ماحولیاتی آلودگی اور اس کا سدباب: سیر ِت ںبویﷺکی روشںی میں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND ITS PREVENTION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF SEERAH STUDIES pg. 114
Dr. Karim Dad and Saeedulhaq Jadoon
Department of Islamic studies, Abdul Wali Khan University. Mardan
Abstract
Today, the whole world is facing the dangerous issues of environmental pollution. There is a lot of piles of garbage, plastic bags and waste are found in common routes and streets, the use of bacterial and antiseptic chemicals, smoking as well as the excessive use of machinery causes the abundance of smoke and due to the noise of vehicles, rugs, motorcycles, factories and airplanes, our daily pollution is increasing daily. As a result, many problems including various types of illness and seasonal variations are becoming a major challenge for today's modern era. In order to deal with it, it is important for us to study and follow the instructions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Prophet (PBUH) has taken important measures to protect environmental pollution. The Prophet has prescribed some precautionary measures to prevent the spreading of dirt in society and keeping the environment clean to avert the soil pollution. For the purpose of aviation of air pollution, the prophet ha ordered to populate it with the livestock and plantation. To cope with water pollution, it was emphasized to keep water clean and cleanness of air from odor and dirt.
These teachings of Prophet Karim can play a significant role in preventing environmental pollution. Therefore, in this modern era, prevention of environmental pollution without following these instructions is impossible. This article has investigated on in light of the life of holy prophet and his teachings that how environmental pollution can be prevented and environment can be kept cleaned.
Keyword: Environmental pollution, soil pollution, Air pollution, water pollution, plantation, smoking, chemicals
IMRC-SS-69
CYBERSPACE AS SOCIAL ARENA: DYNAMICS AND CONSEQUENCES
1Rao Nadeem Alam and2Hummayun Raza Shakoor Watoo
pg. 115
1Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
2Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, National University of Modern Languages
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Technology is taking over the time of social interaction from physical to cyber interaction. Therefore it is required that one should learn the new social arena where identities are in flux and contested. This study brings forth the risks and challenges one face while wandering in cyberspace. The primary objective of the research is to abridge the research gap between technology and the social. Research augments the understanding of dynamics of social interaction that is not face-to-face. The secondary objective is to explore the social reality and cyber reality within the domain of contested identities, cyber literacy, and cyber security. This research paper is an output of qualitative research. Narrative was the primary methodology and data collection was done using conversational interviews with the help of thematic interview guides. Subjective stories for thematic codes were translated and transcribed. Unit of data collection was ‘individual’ and unit of analysis was ‘thematic episteme’. The major findings of the research include the intentionality of the user that leads to contestation. Control of the user on interaction is conditional, conditioned by the factors including cyber skills, computer literacy, level of English language comprehension, and so on. Gender orientation is a leading cause of contestation in quasi-conversational interaction. Visuals are one of the major areas where cultural influences could be traced overtly, and visuals are the most contested content of cyber space. Cyber security is a major threat in three domains identity theft, misuse of visuals, account (economic and social) hacking.
Cyberspace is one of the most vibrant and vital arena in the ICT dependent environment. Contemporary social fabric is becoming more complex because of the hyper-flux of identities in cyber-social arena. Threats within this arena are pan-nations and domestic solutions often fail to address this challenge. Focus on resolving issues need more microscopic understanding of the dimensions of the problems that could be achieved through epistemic probing. Key words: Cyberspace, Cyber Security, Virtual Sociality, Virtual Reality, Hyper Social Arena
IMRC-SS-70
EFFECT OF ACADEMIC ANXIETY ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA pg. 116
1Uzma Rehman Khattak and 2Mubasher Rehman Khattak
1Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, University of Peshawar 2Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of academic anxiety on students’ academic achievement at secondary school level in Peshawar District. The objectives of the study were; to explore academic anxiety levels of the students studying in Government schools of Peshawar District; to correlate the academic anxiety level with the student academic achievement at secondary school level; and to compare the academic anxiety level of male and female students at secondary school level. A total of 200 students from 10 secondary schools constituted were selected through a multistage sampling technique. The study was quantitative and correlative in nature and survey research design was used for data collection. Data was collected through self-reported standardized tool “Academic Anxiety Scale for Children (AASC)” from the participants. Data was analyzed on the basis of simple percentage, bar graphs and inferential statistics i.e., Pearson’s product moment correlation. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the level of academic anxiety of male and female students which clearly indicates that female students suffer significantly more with Academic Anxiety than male. A negative strong correlation was found between academic anxiety and academic achievement among secondary school students. In case of female students, a significant negative correlation was found between academic anxiety and academic achievement while in case of male students, surprisingly, no correlation was found between academic anxiety and academic achievement. Based on findings it was recommended that academic anxiety in educational institutes especially at secondary school level should be assessed consistently to deal with this problem, its possible adverse and detrimental effects on students’ achievements. For this purpose, not only teachers and students but also parents, educational leaders, and counselors should be involved in the process to provide adequate support regarding academic anxiety accessible to each student.
Keywords: Effects, academic anxiety, students’ academic achievement, secondary school level
IMRC-SS-71
ALLEGATION (QAZAF) AND PAKISTANI SOCIETY
(ANALYTICAL STUDY FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE)
Dr. Naseem Akhter
Department of Islamic Studies, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar
Email:[email protected]
pg. 117
Abstract
Arbitrariness, unpredictability and instability of the present society are the consequences of alleging and accusing each other, absurdly and misleadingly. It is crucial to stop such felony to rescue standards of living in the society and to prevent the society from the destroyer blazing of this evil deed. Islam is a peaceful and perfect religion and helps to circumvent all the problems of the society. Therefore Islam is the only religion which punishes with eighty stripes for false accusation. The chastisement is ruled to prevent people from such delinquencies and to keep morality in the society. The aim of this article is to discuss the accusation from the Islamic perspective and to highlight the real circumstances of the society.
Keywords: Accusation; Society; Islam; Eighty Stripes; Punishment
IMRC-SS-73
FROM CLASSIC TO NEO PATRIARCHY: SOCIO-CULTURAL CHALLENGES TOWARDS WOMEN POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Dur E Shawar, Bahadar Nawab Khattak and Abda Khalid
Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
Women political empowerment is often obstructed by wider patriarchal structures prevailing in society. This study attempts to answer what are the existing wider patriarchal structures that surround women political empowerment in KP? How these norms impact substantive participation of women in politics? How these patriarchal norms impose socio-cultural constraints towards women participation in politics? This study was conducted in Peshawar. We conducted 34 semi structured interviews from men and women belonging to politics. In addition this study presents 5 case studies of women in politics to analyze how they faced wider patriarchal structures during their political struggles and careers. The Study concludes that in public sphere like politics new form of patriarchy i.e. neo patriarchy has suppressed and repressed women through systematic exclusion from council meetings, patrimonial politics and harassment. Historical and structural components of society for example; Hujra culture, tradition of Honor and Purdah, shifts classic patriarchy i.e. patriarchy within the household to neo-patriarchy in Politics. Patrimonial politics further strengthens the patriarchal politics in the area and ordinary women seldom have a chance of moving up the ladder to empowerment.
pg. 118
IMRC-SS-74
THE ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL PROBLEMS FACED BY THE ADDICTS OF MAJUN-E-FALAK SAIR
1Sameer Ul Khaliq Janand2Dr. Ahmad Ali
1Department of Social Work, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper,
2Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the psychological and physical problems faced by the addicts of a high addictive cannabis based local narcotic drug known by Majun-e-Falak Sair.
Methods: An exploratory study was conducted by taking 150 addicts through sequential and snowball sampling technique to trace the unknown respondents through known.
Results: At uni-variate level the results showed that majority i.e. 35% of the respondent ages were between 19 to 25 years, 65% were found married, 60% use for euphoric purpose, 70% are still hooked by the drug, 77% respondents increased the drug dose with passage of time. At bi-variate level, a significant P=00.5 relationship were found between psychological & physical problems and Majun-e-Falak Sair use i.e. nausea, dysentery problem, memory problem, constipation, convulsion, kidney problems, teeth/gum problem, weight loss and physical weakness. In addition, a highly significant P=00.5 relationship were found between psychological & physical problems and Majun-e-Falak Sair withdrawal syndromes i.e. insomnia, aggressiveness, body pain, cramps, headache, watery eyes, dysentery, constipation, rectal bleeding/hematuria, shivering, cold sweating, runny nose, diarrhea and sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion: Majun-e-Falak Sair has the potential of craving, relapse, physical and psychological dependence, tolerance (to increase the dose with passage of time) and withdrawal syndromes.
Key words:Majun-e-FalakSair; Tolerance; Dependence, Craving; With-drawal Syndromes.
IMRC-SS-77
pg. 119
CONSUMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR TOURIST SPOT IN SWAT Shehnazand Zia Urrehman
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
Research study was conducted in district swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Aim of study was to find consumer willingness to pay for new discovered tourist spot and to find factors that affect consumers’ willingness to pay. Primary data was collected from 160 local and nonlocal respondents through prescribed questionnaire. Contingent Valuation Method was used to collect data. Binomial logistic regression was used to find results. Results show that 58.7% respondents were willing to pay a small amount for the tourist spots. It further shows that as age increases by one-unit consumers’ probability of willingness to pay decreases by 28%. Education is positively related with willingness to pay and as education increases by one-unit probability of consumer willingness to pay increases by 44%. Gender is also a crucial factor in decision making and results shows that males are three times more willing to pay then females. Data was collected for locality and it shows that nonlocal people are four time more willing to pay then local people. Income was insignificant because increase and decrease in income didn’t have any effect on consumers’ willingness to pay. Study further suggested that government can implement a small tax on tourist spot as most people are willing to pay it will help to create some revenue for the area.
Key words: Willingness to pay, Contingent Valuation Method, Green Revolution
IMRC-SS-79
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING: USE OF CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT PRACTICES FOR LEARNING
Shahzadi Seema1,Dr. Muhammad Suhail2, Dr. Rukhshanda Mushtaq3, Muhammad Asghar4
1Institute of Education & Research University of Peshawar
pg. 120
2Department of Education, Abdu Wali Khan University, Mardan
3Department of Education, University of Wah
4Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
Assessment is practiced just for auditing the learning while neglecting all of its effectiveness for improving students’ learning. Assessment certainly is the bridge between learning and teaching. The current study explores the views of teachers about the use of classroom assessment practices for enhancing students’ learning at public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) at Undergraduate four years programs. The sample of this qualitative research comprises 20 teachers, 4 teachers each from five sampled public sector universities in KP. A semi-structured interview schedules were used to get the relevant information from the respondent teachers of the sampled universities. Thematic approach was used for the analysis of data. Interviews with teachers indicated that the use of classroom assessment practices for enhancing students learning demonstrates not only general achievements in academic accomplishment but also improvement in the quality of students’ work, life skills development along with increasing their engagement in self-learning approaches.
Key Words: Assessment for Learning; Students Long Term learning; Teachers Views; Under-
Graduate Program; KP Universities
IMRC-SS-81
IMPACT OF PHYSICAL DISABILITIES ON BODY ESTEEM AMONG MALE AND FEMALE UNIVERSITIES STUDENTS IN PESHAWAR
RaheelaBegumand Dr Saima Perwez
Department Psychology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
Email:[email protected]
pg. 121
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of physical disabilities on body esteem among male and female physically disabled, universities students. A sample of (N=100) physically disabled students was included in this study, which was selected by purposive sampling technique, consisting of an equal number of male and female, (n=50) physically disabled, universities students in Peshawar. It was assumed that male physically disabled students will score higher on the Body Esteem Scale as compared to female physically disabled students. Body Esteem was determined by the Body Esteem Scale. The Body-Esteem Scale was developed by Franzoi and Shields (1984). Detail of the onset of the disability was obtained by demographic sheet. Independent sample t-test was run when to determine the significance of difference between two groups. Result showed that male disabled students obtained higher score on the the Body Esteems Scale as compared to female disabled students. Our finding concludes that male physically disabled students have higher body esteem than female physically disabled. Result can leads to the conclusion that because in Pakhtoon society female are more conservative and not expressive so they internalized a negative concept of their body. As the concept of beauty is attached more the female than male, so disabled female feel body ashamed and take their self-unable to appeal by someone else therefore their body esteem get lower as compared to disabled male students. Keywords: Physically disabled students, Body esteem , general positive or negative assessment of the body
IMRC-SS-83
TOURISM AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
Dr. Ahmad Ali, Sameerul Khaliq Jan, Prof. Dr. Mussawar Shah,
Dr. Syed Rashad Ali and Dr. Hussain Ali
Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
The Present Study “Tourism and Social Structure in Swat, Pakistan” was carried out in District swat. The study proceeded with the objectives, to investigate about tourism and hotel industry A sample size 288 respondents, associated with this industry was selected on random sampling procedure for this study. The study found that tolerance, education especially of female, exnocentrism, social cohesion, harmony, skilled people majority, primitive symbols, natural ecosystem and native customs, native traditions and native social structure as well as physical infrastructure has a positive and significant association with tourism and hoteling industry promotion . On the basis of study findings, loans on soft term, for small and medium enterprises, special packages for affected industry employee, propagation of local values, which entails hospitality for non-locals through media, with strong participation of local’s leaders were recommended as policy guidelines. pg. 122
Key words: Tourism; Social structure; Social Cohesion; Tolerance; Education
IMRC-SS-83
TOURISM AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
Dr. Ahmad Ali, Sameerul Khaliq Jan, Prof. Dr. Mussawar Shah,
Dr. Syed Rashad Ali and Dr. Hussain Ali
Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
The Present Study “Tourism and Social Structure in Swat, Pakistan” was carried out in District swat. The study proceeded with the objectives, to investigate about tourism and hotel industry A sample size 288 respondents, associated with this industry was selected on random sampling procedure for this study. The study found that tolerance, education especially of female, exnocentrism, social cohesion, harmony, skilled people majority, primitive symbols, natural ecosystem and native customs, native traditions and native social structure as well as physical infrastructure has a positive and significant association with tourism and hoteling industry promotion . On the basis of study findings, loans on soft term, for small and medium enterprises, special packages for affected industry employee, propagation of local values, which entails hospitality for non-locals through media, with strong participation of local’s leaders were recommended as policy guidelines.
Key words: Tourism; Social structure; Social Cohesion; Tolerance; Education
IMRC-SS-87
ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS IN SCIENCE PRACTICAL WORK
AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL.
Shahzad Ahmadand Dr Khisro Kaleem Raza
pg. 123
Department of Education, Sarhad University Peshawar
Abstract
The study attempted to analyze problems in science practical work at secondary school level in District Peshawar. The objectives were to find out basic facilities available for practical work, to assess the actual lab practical in the sample institutions and to identify problems of teachers and students in conducting science practical. It was a descriptive study. All 85 Government Boys’ Secondary Schools, 332 Science Teachers and 7570 Science Students of District Peshawar constituted population of the study. Proportionate sample of 50% (16 Urban & 27 Rural) schools were selected as sample of the study based on stratified random sampling technique. Forty three Science Teachers and 860 Students were randomly selected from 43 sample schools. Data were collected from science teachers and students through questionnaires based on five-point Likert scale. A checklist was used to find physical facilities and condition of Science Laboratories. The data were analyzed statistically via chi-square test for homogeneity at 0.05 significance level. The identified gaps included teachers’ failure to conduct experiments. One-third schools did not possess science labs, absence of time table for practical work, lack of practical training of science teachers, shortage of lab facilities, overloaded syllabus, overcrowded classrooms, mismanagement of resources, lack of interest of teachers, inadequate internal and external assessment of students, dependence on readymade practical notebooks in market and malpractices in examination. It is recommended that science teachers should be trained in conducting science practicals and designing low cost practical aids. Moral and professional development of teachers. Science labs should be provided where they are needed. Facilities and e- learning/simulation technologies should be provided. At least two periods per week should be allocated for practical work. Performance of science students should be assessed in regular manner. Proper weighting should be given to practical marks. Selling of readymade practical notebooks in market should be stopped. Proper inspection system should be ensured to eliminate malpractices in practical examination.
Keywords: Science Problems, Practical Examinations, Experiments in Schools
IMRC-SS-88
THE EFFECT OF INTEGRATIVE PEDAGOGY ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY STUDENTS
1Dr. Khisro Kaleem Raza and 2Dr. Niaz Muhammad Aajiz
1Department of Education Sarhad University Peshawar
pg. 124
2Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar
Abstract
The study in hand aimed to determine the effects of integrative pedagogy over the academic performance of secondary school students in the subject of chemistry. The study was conducted in an experimental framework following the Solomon Four Group Design. A total sample of 120 students of 10th class was randomly taken from 4 private sector secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The sample was divided into 4 groups, each having 30 students. Giving a randomized treatment to the groups, two groups were taken as experimental while two were taken as controlled. One experimental and one controlled group were pre-tested for chemistry subject performance through objective achievement tests, while others were not pre-tested. Both of the experimental groups were taught through integrative pedagogy while the controlled groups were taught through traditional method for three months. After regular monthly post-testing, the triplicate data revealed an 11 point average increase in academic performance of chemistry students in both the experimental groups.
Key Words: Integrative Pedagogy, Achievements in Chemistry, Science Pedagogy, Integrative
Learning in Chemistry, Correlates of Achievements in Chemistry
IMRC-SS-89
MINDFULNESS FOR TEACHERS, AN EQUITABLE SKILL FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING
1Tahira Roohi, 1Khisro Kaleem Raza, 2Rakhshanda Mushtaq
1Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar
2University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan3 pg. 125
Email: [email protected].
Abstract
Purpose – Mindfulness is a well-studied phenomenon in many disciplines. Little is known about its impacts on teachers at work. The purpose of this paper is to focus on mindfulness at working in classroom practicing, defined as a psychological state in which educators intentionally pay full attention to the present moment while executing job tasks. The research model, grounded in conservation of resources theory, depicts how mindfulness at classroom practicing may help practitioners develop the emotional art of teaching through understanding the negative emotions and enjoying the power of positivity.
Design/methodology/approach – qualitative action research develop understanding of orchestrating classroom dynamics.
Findings – Results supported the full research model, suggesting that mindfulness at classroom practicing is an important antecedent to resource accrual, well-being, and attitudes. Mindfulness at work exerted direct and indirect effects on turnover intentions and affective commitment.
Research limitations/implications – The inclusion of job engagement as a mediator provides an interesting counterpoint and extension of prior studies suggesting that job engagement negates the effects of mindfulness on turnover intentions (Dane, 2014).
Practical implications – The research suggests that mindfulness at work is highly trainable and may enhance a variety of career outcomes.
Originality/value – This study extends emerging literature on mindfulness at work by offering models in established theory and the practice of mindfulness.
Keywords: Attitudes, Mindfulness, Conservation of resources, Well-being
IMRC-SS-92
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND PRIVATE SECTOR EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS’ PERFORMANCE; A STUDY OF THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
1Ms. Tazeem Akhtar, 2Yasir Khalil and 1Dr. Khisro Kaleem Raza
pg. 126
1Department of Education, Sarhad University, Peshawar
2Qurtuba University, Peshawar
Abstract
Educational organizations, especially private sector required strong corporate strategies. In order to get success in the globally competitive environment they must adopt the strategy of Corporate Social Responsibility. This study was aim to analyze corporate social responsibility and its impact on private sector educational organizations. So the present study investigates relationship between corporate social responsibility and private sector educational organizations’ performance in Pakistan. This is primary nature research and the primary data was collected through five pointlikert scale questionnaire distributed in private sector high school teachers to get the data about the impact of corporate social responsibility on organizations’ performance. The total population was 184 .ed private sector high schools (total 140 boys high schools and 44 girls high schools) consisting of 900 teachers (who had taught to class 10th students during session 2015-16) of district Peshawar. A sample of 280 teachers (total 140 male and 140 female teachers) in 70 private sector high schools (total 35 boys and 35 girls schools) were selected through equal allocation sampling formula. The 280 responses from the population received which is according to yomi and israel table best fit for 5% precision level. Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test were applied for analyzing the data. The Pearson’s correlation r was used to evaluate the variable effects. The result from the data shows that all the four aspects of CSR have positive significant impact on organization performance.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Private Sector Education Organizations, Secondary Level, District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
IMRC-SS-93
IMPACT OF CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK ON WRITING ACCURACY OF ENGLISH LEARNERS AT HAZARA
Rabia Gul and Ayesha Kiran
pg. 127
Linguistics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Under the influence of interactionist theories of language learning, errors were seen treatable through the feedback that arises naturally during interaction. These theoretical problems can only be resolved empirically through studies that examines impact of written corrective feedback. Whereas written Corrective feedback (WCF) deals with the teacher responses to learners’ erroneous second language (L2) writing. This article will show how CF has been viewed in ESL classrooms, how errors should be dealt to improve the accuracy in writings. Experimental research design has been used and the data gathered by pretest and posttest demonstrates the effectiveness of WCF at secondary level in Hazara. Teachers and students both will benefit from the findings of this research. Teachers will learn to know how to effectively provide feedback and students will learn how to incorporate that feedback in their writings. They will be aware of achieving accuracy in academic writings by giving and receiving feedback. In order to make the learners effective writers, the outcomes of this research will be effective in the process of providing the corrective feedback. The curriculum planners can integrate the findings of this research in the curriculum to show the importance of feedback. Lesson designers can plan activities to benefit the learners by providing them with feedback. Society will be enlightened by the outcomes of this research and will get to know how effective feedback improves the writing accuracy. This study proposes a model which may serve as a pedagogic image to help the students in using appropriate articles in more efficient manner.
IMRC-SS-94
EXPLORATION OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES IN PLURALIZATION
OF PAHARI LANGUAGE
Shabina Rashid, Dr. Arshad Mehmood, HaleemaShaheenand Khurram Jehangir pg. 128
University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Study of morphemes in renowned languages is a debatable issue among linguists of the world for last two decades. At present, there is a wave to investigate regional languages and various serious attempts are being made in this direction. In recent times, a significant work has been done on Pahari literature. It is a significant language of South-Asian region spoken mostly in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. This language has its importance from every aspect especially morphological view. Pahari is among the regional languages. It has its roots in Indo-Aryan family of languages. Pahari is morphologically opulent language. A word has its different variant forms. Morphology, the study of word structure plays its essential role while studying any language. This socio-linguistic study is focused on exploring the inflectional morphemes of Pahari language. Every language has its own process and pattern of pluralization. This study is focused on grammatical formation of the words through the inflectional suffixes. The data has been collected from 30 native speakers of District Kotli through interviews. The collected data has been analyzed by using simple statistical tools. The findings of the study indicate that /aan/ and /ei/ are mostly found morphemes in Pahari language.
IMRC-SS-96
GENDER WISE VARIATIONS IN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Yusra Ishtiyaq, Dr.Sidra Iqbal
Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar
pg. 129
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence is a capacity to perceive, express, recognize, use and manage one’s emotions, and others. Emotional Intelligence affect each and every person in terms of thoughts, relations, emotions and plays a vital role in the decision making and equips to think wisely. The present study aims to investigate gender wise differences in emotional intelligence and academic achievement of students at secondary level. Using random sampling technique, 600 students (including 300 boys and 300 girls) selected from secondary level in different system of schooling, namely English Medium Schools and Urdu Medium Schools of district Peshawar. A standardize test TEIQUE-SF (Petrides& Furnham, 2006) has been used to assess the emotional intelligence. Marks obtained by students in the last annual examination were used an index of academic achievement. Beside a demographic sheet was used to collect personal information. Data collected is subjected to statistical analysis i.e. Mean, Standard Deviation, independent t-test, and correlation. Results show no association between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among students. It was further found that there is no difference in emotional intelligence of students studying under different schooling systems. Our findings suggest that boys and girls are equivocal in terms of their academic achievement and emotional intelligence. The study recommended that organization of educational program in such a manner that inculcate emotional skills among learners so that they are able to manage their feelings and emotions and reinforce their self- esteem.
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Academic Achievement, Schooling System
IMRC-SS-97
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS INITIATIVES FOR STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE AND THE CAUSES OF THE SUB-STANDARD CONDITIONS OF THE STUDENTS AND THE PARENTS’ ROLE FOR THEIR CHILDREN’S PROGRESS
pg. 130
Abdul Shakoorand Muhammad Javed Iqbal
Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This research is focused on the school principals’ measures for the success in academic performance of the students, investigated the causes of the unsatisfactory results of the public sector schools, and the role of the parents in the progress of their children. It was a descriptive and non-experimental study and the population and sample of the study were 85 Peshawar district schools and the sampling was made on ‘census sampling’ and ‘purposive sampling’. The tools of the study were questionnaire and interviews. In this study the questionnaire was administered for the principals while the interviews were structured for 10 school teachers. The quantitative data were analysed on frequency, mean, standard deviation and one sample t-test while the qualitative data were analysed on the suggested method of Miles and Huberman. The tools of the study were validated by sending to the panel of experts for necessary corrections and their reliability were tested on ‘Cronbach’s alpha’ and ‘Factor analyses’. The findings of the study revealed that school principals struggled a lot in their own domain for the students’ progress but in vain due to the poverty of the students. Most of the students earned money for their parents after school timing and they did not have time of study and due to that they did not concentrate on their studies. Parents remained careless about their children’s future and there was no vision in their minds for their children’s secure future. Keywords: Initiative, causes, sub-standard conditions, parents’ role, children’s progress
IMRC-SS-98
CHALLENGES TO LOCAL LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD: LANGUAGE SHIFT IN KASHMIRI PAHARI VARIETY
pg. 131
Dr. Arshad Mehmood1, Sabir Naqvi2 , Bushra Sabir3
1Department of English, Women University, Bagh Azad Kashmir
2Azad Jammu and Kashmir University, Muzaffarabad
3Department of English, University of Kotli AJ&K
Abstract
International lingua franca is a great challenge to the local languages of the world. Out of hundreds of these local languages, Kashmiri Pahari variety is the one spoken in ten districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir which makes around four and half millions of population which communicates in this language. This language variety already has influences of Punjabi language, Saraiki language and Pothohari language spoken alongside the river Jhelum, some regions of Rawalpindi and Abbottabad. However, for last couple of years, Kashmiri Pahari language variety is coming under the rapid influence of English, Urdu and Hindi languages. Thus, present study has been conducted to investigate the extent to which incorporation of the words from other languages are taking place in language variety under consideration. For this purpose, 10 native speakers of District Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir were selected randomly to obtain the data through structured interview technique. The data was recorded and transcribed. The respondents were given the questions related to language shift. Their talk provided a great bulk of required data. The data in the form of words of other languages had been presented in tabulated and then graphical form which was analysed by using simple descriptive statistical analysis. Moreover, data obtained through the interview questions was analysed by using thematic analysis. The results indicate that if language shift in Kashmiri Pahari language variety continues with the same pace, this variety may result in extinction from the globe.
Key Word: Language shift, Kashmiri Pahari variety, Local languages, Language death,
Challenges to local languages
IMRC-SS-101
CITIZEN’S PARTICIPATION AND E-GOVERNANCE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA; PROSPECTS & CHALLENGES
ShaguftaAma
Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar
Email: [email protected] pg. 132
Abstract
Exploring the various ICT measures adopted by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and their limitations in ensuring ‘good and effective governance’ of the province, this paper aims to understand the level and nature of citizen’s participation and their interaction through e-governance measures. The main questions investigated in this paper include how the digitization of e-governance practices by the KP government is improving service provision to the public, what limitations are problematizing these measures and in what manner these are resulting in greater government control and less public participation in policy making. Since the research question is exploratory and analytical, therefore, the paper makes use of qualitative method of data collection from secondary sources (books, journal papers, newspaper reports, internet sources and electronic media) and primary data collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews from 21 respondents selected through purposive sampling from relevant KP government IT departments. Applying the theoretical framework developed by Andrew Chadwick and Christopher May (2003), it argues that the use of e-governance initiatives in KP is steered towards greater government control and less public participation in policy making, and therefore, suffer from the ‘limitations of unilinear flow of information’ to the public. The KP government’s more than140 plus IT based applications are mostly electronic versions of paper-based information posted on the websites, making it an information dissemination system, rather than a fully interactive technology, therefore, corroborating Chadwick and May’s argument that democratic interaction, which is the basis of e-governance is being sidelined by ‘managerialism’. Research findings indicate problems in ICT management, including: issues of ‘change management’; ‘resistance issues’ on the part of officials to use ICT tools from fear of curtailment of official powers, or greater transparency; ‘ownership dilemmas’ and ‘personality driven approach’, which translates in lack of legal coverage for the entire ICT exercise; lack of awareness and understanding, on account of quick changes in ICT software gave rise to ‘adaptation issues’. Add to it the deficiencies of essential infrastructure, lack of public trust in online service provision and timely official response and public awareness deficits; all issues that confounded the application of ICT tools in the KP government.
Key Words: Information and Communication Technology, e-governance, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government, ownership dilemmas, managerialism
IMRC-SS-102
A CORPUS-BASED GENRE ANALYSIS OF STATEMENT OF PROBLEM OF MPHIL AND PHD THESIS
RidaAbidandDr. Akhtar Abbas
pg. 133
Department of English at Air University, Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
English for academic purpose in general and English for research purpose, in particular, has been a focus of attention of researchers, academicians and students (Starfield, 2007). Students at all levels, especially at postgraduate level, face several problems in writing their research reports i.e. thesis. Starting from developing title to writing conclusions the statements are expected to follow certain conventions of thesis writing set by experts from academic writing. Based on ethnographic observations and pilot interviews conducted by me it is found that writing statement of the problem as a part genre of the thesis is a challenging task. Therefore the current proposed study aims at finding out the problems with the statement of the problem written by novice scholars for their thesis. This issue is a purpose to be addressed by identifying conventional and prevalent problems faced by the scholars specifically in rhetorical structure and formulation of problem statement in their thesis. Proposed research is based on mixed method approach employing corpus techniques for genre analysis of statement of the problem written by scholars of Pakistani Universities. Rhetorical move occurrence in statement of the problem will be analyzed quantitatively, in addition, rhetorical move employment and sequencing will also be seen from a qualitative lens. Genre analysis of collected statement of the problem from soft sciences will be carried out by using corpus tool AntConc 3.2.4, Genre theory by John Swales (1990) and an adapted version of CARS model of John swales (2004). The findings of the study reveal that, on the basis of linguistic and cognitive variation in the schematic structure and rhetorical organization of statement of the problem, there is no uniform pattern employed by the scholars to write statement of the problem while doing their academic research. Keywords: Academic writing, CARS model,Corpus, Genre theory, Problem statement, Rhetorical moves and structure.
IMRC-SS-104
FROM MARX TO KEYNES AND BEYOND
Dr Idrees Masood
Planning & Development, G.O KPK, Alumnus Area Study Centre Russia China Central Asia University of Peshawar pg. 134
Abstract
Keynes incarnation could in all probability handle the 21st century Economics. The embodiment of Karl Marx would most certainly fine tune the global perspectives on sustainability. This paper would try to offer solutions to the current economic issues philosophically through historical interpretation of the modern day world economic order. Whether we Can set free the world making countries self-sustainable? Yes only if we stop the flagrant misuse of Economics. Can we prevent creating fake, redeemers? a tendency which has destroyed the purity, spotlessness, clarity, and in-built transparency enshrined in the subject of economics naturally by evolution. The philosophy of Economics itself is imbued with the superiority of redemption, much deeper than seen in the shallow policy twists and turns believed to be the savior. Yes only one has to be well versed in philosophy to see that it is so. Then Lets rekindle human dignity, stateliness and honor. Let’s put an end to plunder, and profligacy, of wealth by those countries who have no respect, reverence and admiration for Economics. Can we put all those countries of the present century under the contempt of Economics? Yes it might be possible to do so, only if Philosophy is the judge, modern day crisis is interpreted by history the executioner of the judgment. Instead of the economic doctrines of the well-established economists –developed as well as developing countries rely on amateurs. Consequently the global economic system has weakened, become more exploitative than ever before. Developing countries suffer because the new world economic order is nonexistent. But who would be the regulator of the new order? Rethinking economics should be our priority. Let’s make an effort to locate the family of prominent economists of the past and let our policies get filtered, re-assessed through their pioneering works kept alive by their kinfolk today and let them give their verdict. My paper is one such attempt.
IMRC-SS-105
REVIVAL OF WHEAT STRAW ART MARQUETRY IN THE KP,
PAKISTAN CREATIVE INDUSTRY
SyedaAneela Mudassar
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Pakistan pg. 135
Abstract
Wheat straw designed products and paintings is a world renowned art. It is a technique of decorating flat surface with variety of patterns and compositions. China, Mexico and Southern California is on the top of the list.KP (Peshawar) is a small province of Pakistan but has variety of talent and skills which need to bringin the notice of Creative Industry out there.The researcher try to bring the point under discussion that the creative industry take notice of such things in general or regional level to bring out the skilled people and polish the talent and also provide platforms or opportunity to the artisans (skill man) to earn their bread and butter.Wheat Straw, Marquetry is a medium of decorating flat panels in an innovative ideas.An effort is made by the researcher where the flat marquetry treated panels were redesigned in a product to attract the Creative Industry. A Corner lamp is designed on the theme of KP culture, the typical Qewa khana the Truck (Transportation vehicle) and the headgear (Paghri) of the Pathans &Pushtoons.
The product can be designed on various themes accordingly
But the main focus is to highlighting the very own culture of KP with the uniqueness of dying art and that is Art marquetry.
Keywords: wheat straw, marquetry, creative industry, Artisan and KP Culture.
IMRC-SS-106
اشفاق احمد کے مخصوص فکری رویے
روبينہِرشيد,ليکچرارِِشعبہِءِاُردو,شہيدِبينظيرِبھٹوِخواتينِيونيورسٹیِپشاور Email:[email protected] ِ
pg. 136
دنياِميںِہرِانسانِکےِاندردوسروںِسےِمختلفِنظرِآنےِکیِخواہشِجبلیِطورِپرِموجودِہوتیِہےاورِيہیِخواہشِا ِسےِوہِسارےِکامِ کرواتیِہےِجنِکیِوجہِسےِوہِسماجیِطورِپراپنیِشخصيتِاورِاپنےِکرداروِافعالِکوِدوسروںِکےِسامنےمنفردِاندازِميںِپيشِکرنےِکیِ کوششِکرتاِہےہرِشخصِکاِآئيڈيلِدوسروںِسےمختلفِہوتاِہے۔سماجیِرويوںِميںِمختلفِعواملِاپناِکردارِاداِکرتےِہيںِجنِميںِخاندانیِ پ ِمنظرِ،ِتعليمِوِتربيت،ِافکارِوِنظرياتِاورِمذہبِوِمطالعہِکاِکردارِاہمِہوتاِہے۔يہیِرويےِاشفامِاحمدِکیِشخصيتِبنانےِميںِاہمِکردارِ اداِکرتےِہيںِ۔موجودہِمقالےِميںِاشفامِاحمدِکےِانہیِِمخصوصِفکریِرويوںِکاِجائزہِلياِجائےِگا۔
Every person has certain behavieours that are prominent in his life . Literary writers are also not excempted from this paradiagm . Their specific behaviours become a part of their writings . Ashfaq Ahmad is one of the best drama writer of Pakistan . His dramas have got a lot of fame and success in all fields and his particular behaviours are prominent in his dramas . In this essay arguments is made on this element.
IMRC-SS-108
ضلع صوابی میں اردو شاعری کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ ڈاکٹر تحسین بی بی شعبہ اردو ، ویمن یوںیورسٹی صوابی
اُردوِزبانِميںِابِتکِکئیِايسیِتخليقاتِتحريرِہوِکرِزيورِطب ِسےِآراستہِہوِچکیِہيںِجنہيںِعالمیِادبِکیِکسیِبھیِمعياریِصنفِکےِ آگےِبوےِفخرِيہِاندازِميںِپيشِکياِجاِسکتاِہےِ۔عالقائیِزبانوںِميںِطب ِآزمائیِکرنےِوالوںِميںِشايدِہیِکوئیِايساِاديبِياِشاعرِہوِگاِ ج ِنےِاردوِزبانِميںِطب ِآزمائیِنہِکیِہوِ۔ا ِليےِاردوِادبِپرِمقامیِاثراتِپوےِاورِپاکستانِکےِہرِعالقےِاورِزبانِکیِخصوصيتِ اورِخوبصورتیِا ِميںِشاملِہوِکرِاردوِزبانِکوِاورِزيادہِنکھارِديا۔ِِِہرِزبانِکاِادبِا ِکیِاصنافِکیِتشکيلِکےِپ ِپردہِا ِعالقےِ کیِجغرافيائیِخصوصياتِ،ِسياسیِ،سماجیِ،اورِتاريخیِحوالوںِکےِنفسياتیِعواملِبھیِشاملِہوتےِہيں۔ِ ِ اردوِادبِکےِميدانِميںِخيبرِپختونخواِکےِاديبوںِاورِشاعروںِنےِبہتِاہمِکردارِاداِکياِہے۔ِضل ِصوابیِکےِزيادہِترِعالقوںِميںِپشتوِ زبانِاستعمالِہوتیِہےِليکنِصوابیِکےِادباِوِشعراِنےِپشتوِزبانِکےِساتھِساتھِاردوِزبانِميںِبھیِاپنیِقابليتِکاِلوہاِمنواِرہےِہيںِ۔ِضل ِ صوابیِميںِاردوِشاعریِکاِارتقاِانيسويںِصدیِکےِآخرِميںِہمارےِسامنےِآتاِہےِاورِبيسويںِصدیِکےِآغازِسےِلےِکرِتاحالِقومیِسطحِ کےِساتھِساتھِبينِاالقوامیِسطحِپرِبہتِسارےِادبِپاروںِنےِشہرتِحاصلِکیِہے۔ِاورِايسیِالِزوالِتحريريںِسامنےِآئیِہيںِجنہيںِ عالمیِادبِکےِمقابلےِميںِپيشِکياِجاِسکتاِہے۔صوابیِکاِادبِايکِمخصوصِفضاِ،ِماحولِ،رنگِاورِايکِمخصوصِلبِوِلہجےِکاِحاملِ ہے۔اديبوںِبالخصوصِشاعروںِنےِاپنیِنگارشاتِميںِقومیِتشخصِ،صوابیِکیِروايات،تہذيبِوِثقافتِ،پ ِمنظرِاورِپيشِمنظرِکوِنہايتِ خوبصورتیِسےِپيشِکياِہے۔ِصوابیِکیِشاعریِميںِخطابتِاورِعلمیِوادبیِاندازِنماياںِہے۔ا ِليےِلفظِکوِجذبےِکےِمتنوعِپہلوؤںِکوِ پيشِکرنےِکےِبجائےِخيالِاورِعملِکیِعکاسیِکےِليےِاستعمالِکرنےِکاِرحجانِيہاںِعامِہےِ۔ِصوابیِکیِادبیِتاريخِکئیِاتارِچوهاؤِِ سےِگزرِکرِکاميابیِسےِہمکنارِہوئیِہے۔ِصوابیِميںِجنمِلينےِوالےِشعراِميںِموالناِحافظِمحمدِابراہيمِفانی،ِموالناِمفتیِرضاِالح ِرضا،ِ فضلِخال ِہمدردِ،ِگلدازِرشيدِ،ماسٹرِشيرافضلِ،ِعابدِودو
pg. 137
IMRC-SS-111
Adeel Qureshi
مل خص:
اردوِتحقي :اکيسويںِصدیِميں)رحجانِاورِعصریِتقاضے(ِکئیِاہمِتقاضےِاورِچيلنجزِرکھتیِہےِجنِکاِلحاظِرکھِکرِہیِاعل کیِِتحقي ِ کےِمعياراتِاورِرواياتِکوِبرقرارِرکھاِجاسکتاِہے۔تحقي ِسندیِہوِياِغيرِسندیِا ِکےِمزاجِاورِمقاصدِميںِکوئیِنماياںِتفومِوِتفري ِ نہيںِہےلہذاِِِِاکيسويںِصدیِکےِکوےِتقاضوںِسےِنمٹنےِکےِليےِاردوِتحقي ِکوِانِميدانوںِميںِدادِتحقي ِديناہوگیِجوِابِتکِکسیِ قدرِاہلِتحقي ِکیِنظروںِسےِاوجھلِرہےِمثالًِلسانياتِکاِميدان،قواعدِوِلغت،ِادبِکاِسماجیِوِعمرانیِِاورِثقافتیِحوالوںِسےِتحقيقیِ مطالعے،کمپيوٹيشنلِتحقي ِاورِاردوِتدريسياتِکوِخاصِطورِپرِتوجہِديناِہوِگی۔اردوِتحقي ِکےِِطلبہِسکالرزِِاورآزادِِتحقي ِکےِميدانِ کےِشناورِوںِکوِا ِحوالےِسےِکامِکرناِہوِگاِتاِکہِاکيسويںِصدیِکےِتقاضوںِکوِعملیِپوراِکياِجاسکے۔ا ِمقالےِميںِاردوِتحقي ِ کےِاسیِپہلوِسےِايکِمطالعہِکياِگياِہےاورِتجاويزِبھیِپيشِکیِگئیِہيں۔
Abstract
Urdu Research has varied and serious challenge to meet in the 21st Century which demand to be treated with a mature and rational frame of mind so that Urdu can be kept on its right track to keep achieving its goals. The Pakistani Universities are doing their job in an excellent manner and likewise the independent researchers are also doing their best in this regard. But a few fields are such which need more concentration and attention in the perspective of modern era like research in Linguistic, literature and society, sociology and culture, in the field of teaching of Urdu and more importantly research in computational fields. Here in this article these angles are in focus to be studied in detail for quality research and some humble recommendations have also been made for consideration and comments.
IMRC-SS-112
HAGIOGRAPHY OF MASOOD BAKK AND REVIEW OF HIS POETRY
Anjum Tahira
Department of Persian LCWU, Lahore
Email: [email protected]
Abstract pg. 138
However Sufi Martyr ology is a controversial subject for Ulama, jurists. Even many Sufis also ignore and avoid this topic and supported the ruling authorities with a view that martyrs should not reveal the secrets of divine and Allah. گفتِآنِيارِکزوِسرِدارِبلندِگشتِِِِِِِِِِِِِجرمشِاينِبودِکہِاسرارِهويداِمیِکرد
( That friend by whom the gibbet’s peak was ennobled…His crime was this , that he made the secrets public.)
Muslim Sufism has many striking examples of Martyrdom such as Husain bin Mansur Hallaj( d: 922 ); Ain ul QudhatHamadani, Sayyedi Maula, Masood Bakk, Ahmad Bihari and Sarmad Kashani . All these are martyred by their own Muslim fellows.
This write-up is actually planned to discuss the conflicted life, martyrdom and poetry of a brilliant and vocal mystic writer and poet of Saltanate period in the reign Firoz Shah Tughlaq named : Masood Bakk. He was a young rich person of Royal family of Bukhara and also said to be relative of Firoz Shah Tughlaq. Soon he turned to Sufism in Silsila Chishtiya and received Sufi instructions from Sheikh Rukn ud Din bin Shahab ud Din Imam. In his biographic profile Masood was strongly influenced by the ideas of Hussain bin Mansoor Hallaj , Ainu l QudhatHamadani and Ibn e Arabi. The most prominent of his Persian works is Mirat ul Arifin and Tamhidat and Diwan.(” Nukat u Ashiqin” , letters and less known “Rawaieh or Ishqnama” are also his writings.) His writings covers the vast range of mysticism especially his thoughts about “ Wahdat ul Wajood” in his poetry. He reveals the secrets of the spirit and beauties of eternity. His views and ecstatic utterance actually resulted his trial and torturous martyrology.
Sufi Tazkiras, biographies and hagiographies initially avoided any reference of Masood ‘s martyrdom but later on he was discussed and gain the popularity as Hallaj of Hindustan. He became a personal inspiration for other saints.
Key Words: Masood Bakk, Martyrdom, Firoz Shah Tughlaq, Poetry
IMRC-SS-113
احمد فراز کی اُردو شاعری میں فارسی رںگ آمیزی
ڈاکٹرِعلیِکميلِقزلباش,شعبۂِاُردوِ،ِوفاقیِاُردوِيونيورسٹیِاسالمِآباد Email: [email protected] ِ ِ
pg. 139
برصغيرِکیِکوئیِبھیِزبانِفارسیِزبانِوِادبِکےِاثرِسےِخالیِنہيں۔ِاگرِہمِاردوِکےِعالوہِديگرِزبانوںِاورِانِکےِادبياتِکاِبھیِجائزہِ ليں۔توِآسانیِسےِا ِنکتےِتکِپہنچيںِگےِکہِلغات،ِتراکيب،ِاساليبِاورِاصنافِکےِعالوہ موضوعاتِکےِحوالےِسےِبھیِيہِزبانيںِ فارسیِکےِبغيرِادهوریِہيں۔ اردوِکےِکالسيکِادبِميںِتوِالفاظِوِتراکيبِکےِعالوہِمکملِشعر،ِمصرعےِاورِحکاياتِتکِفارسیِ سےِاخذِشدہِہيں۔ِخصوصاًِعرفانیِ)صوفيانہ(ِشاعریِپرِتوِموالناِرومی،ِخيام،ِحافظ،ِسعدی،ِحکيمِسنائی،ِعطار،ِجامی،ِصائبِاورِبيدلِ وغيرہِکیِتعليمات،ِموضوعاتِاورِتراکيبِکاِاثرِنماياںِہےِجبکہِِنکھارِاورِچاشنیِکیِبویِوجہِبھیِيہیِفارسیِکیِآميزشِاورِا ِسےِ استفادہِہے۔ ِ ِعہدِجديدِکےِشعراءِميںِايکِآدهِکوِچھووِکرِجوِہندیِفضاِکےِزيرِاثرِرہےِپوریِطرکِمغربِکےِپيروِہونےِکےِباوجودِفارسیِکےِ بغيرِمصرعہِتکِموزوںِنہِکرسکے۔ِِن۔ِم۔ِراشدِا ِکیِبہتِاہمِمثالِہيں۔ِانکےِعالوہِفيضِکےِہاںِبھیِپورےِکےِپورےِمصرعےِ فارسیِکےِملتےِہيںِجبکہِا ِعظيمِسرمائےِکےِتسلسلِکیِايکِاہمِکویِعصرِحاضرِکےِہرِدلعزيزِشاعرِاحمدِفرازِہيںِجنِکےِہاںِ فارسیِاپنےِتمامِترِخوبيوںِاورِتوانائيوںِکےِساتھِموجودِہے۔ يہِکہناِبےِجاِنہِہوگاِکہِفرازِکیِشاعریِکاِحسن،ِا ِکیِشيرينیِاورِ چاشنیِفارسیِہیِکیِمرہونِمنتِہےِانِکےِاشعارِکیِمرص ِسازی،ِانِميںِجوےِہوئےِنگينے،ِتمامِترِفارسیِکےِہيں۔ِجبکہِا ِميںِ اردوِکیِکشادہِظرفیِکےِعالوہِفارسیِسےِقربتِبھیِايکِوجہِہےِکہِجہاںِجتنیِفارسیِکیِآميزشِہوئیِہےِوہاںِاتنیِہیِشستگی،ِ شگفتگی،ِصفائیِاورِشيرينیِنظرِآئیِہےِاسیِلئےِتوِفرازِياِفارسیِسےِمتاثرِديگرِشعراءِکےِہاںِمصرعوںِکےِمصرعےِفارسیِکےِ نظرِآتےِہيں۔ِبلکہِاردوِنظموںِکےِدرميانِمکملِشعرِفارسیِکےِشاملِہيں۔جبکہِاشعارِميںِايسےِفارسیِالفاظِجوِياِتوِاردوِميںِمستعملِ ہیِنہيںِہيںِياِپھرِشاذِوِنادرِکہيںِکسیِکالسيکِشاعرکےِہاںِنظرِآتےِہيں،ِفرازِکےِہاںِبکثرتِملتےِہيں۔ِجيسےِ’’بزغالہ‘‘ِگرسنہ‘‘ِ مغبچہ‘‘ِ’’زرتاب‘‘ِاورِ’’فرخندہِ‘‘وغيرہِجنِکےِاستعمالِميںِبھیِانِکےِہاںِنياپنِملتاِہے. ِفرازِکیِاکثرِنظميںِايسیِہيںِجنِکیِپيشانیِپرِفارسیِعنوانِکاِجھومرِآويزاںِہےِانِميںِسےِچندِايکِکاِذکرِکرتےِہيںِ جيسے:ِِ’’آئينہ‘‘ِديوارِگريہ‘‘ِزيرِلب‘‘ِيادشِبخير‘‘ِاورِپيغامِبر‘‘ِوغيرہ۔ ِ ِِِِِِِِِکتابوںِکےِيہِنامِمالحظہِہوں:ِِ’’ميرےِخوابِريزہِريزہ‘‘ِبےِآوازِگلیِکوچوںِميں‘‘ِنابيناِشہرِميںِآئينہ‘‘ِخواِ ِبِگلِپريشاںِہے‘‘ِ اورِغزلِبہاِنہِکروں‘‘،ِانِعنواناتِکےِلفظوںِسےِاندازہِہوِجاتاِہےِکہِفارسیِسےِک ِحدِتکِاستفادہِہواِہے۔ ِ کليدیِالفاظِ:ِاحمدِفراز۔فارسی۔ِبرصغير۔چاشنیِوِشيرينیِ
IMRC-SS-116
ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS FACED BY PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
DURING TEACHING PRACTICUM
1Mir Ahmad Shahand2Dr Khisro Kaleem Raza
1Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar
2Department of Education, Sarhad University, Peshawar pg. 140
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This study analysis of problems faced by prospective teachers during teaching practicum aimed to determine the difficulties faced by prospective teachers during their teaching practicum. The study was based on collection of data from a total of 100 prospective teachers belonging to University of Peshawar and Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, who have already been passed through the experiences of teaching practice. Data were generated through the use of standardized mechanism following Extended Practicum Learning Environment Inventory (EPLEI). Collectively, the study found a number of problems related to teaching practicum among prospective teachers, including the ambiguous role of prospective teachers in determining their likelihood in the eyes of their students, anxiety of facing class for the first time, class control, parental involvement, expectations of the school head, social bias, work load, lesson planning, lack of triad meeting of prospective teachers, mentors and schoolteacher, meetings at different intervals of teaching practicum phase to assess the ongoing process, lack of seminars to address students’ problems, rare visits of supervisor to schools and improper evaluation and guidance of prospective teachers, limited opportunities of experience in school, choice of lesson selection, unavailability of teaching aids, irregular visits of supervisor, unfair evaluation, restriction over prospective teachers to sit in each other’s class for observation and acquisition of experience and knowledge. The highlighted problems were subjected to discussions and suggestions were presented to minimize them within the framework of prospective teachers for future plan of action.
Key words: Teaching Practice, Pre-service Teacher Training, Prospective Teachers Support
IMRC-SS-119
IMPACT OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC
ACHIVEMENT AT PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Tanveer Ul HaqandSaira Akhtar
National University of Modern Languages
pg. 141
Abstract
The study is descriptive in nature. It intends to highlight the importance of parents in providing environmental, social and academic factors, at primary level , that have powerful effect on pupil’s academic lives. Impact of parental involvement on student academic achievement has been accepted by teachers, parents, administrators, and policy-makers who consider parental involvement to be one of the fundamental parts of new educational reforms. The objectives of the study were to examine the existence of parental involvement in public and private schools and then to analyse its impact on the students’ academic performance. Population of the study consisted of public and private primary schools of district Peshawar. The data was collected through information sheet filled in by the school principals and an interview with parents. The results were analyzed through inferential statistics . It was found that there is strong relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement of the students. The interviews revealed that most of the parents do not take primary education as serious in comparison to the higher classes.
Key words: Academic Achievement, Parental Involvement, Primary Education,Information sheet
IMRC-SS-120
موضوع:ِپاکستانیِجامعاتِميںِاُردوِتحقي ِکیِصورتِحال پروفيسرِڈاکٹرِسلمانِعلی ِ
Department of Urdu, University of Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
زي ِرِنظرِمقالےِکےِلئےِج ِموادِکوِبنيادِنياِکرِنتائجِمرتبِکئےِگئےِہيںِوہِخيبرِپختونخواہِکیِنجیِاورِسرکاریِجامعاتِہيں،ِجہاںِايم۔ِ اے،ِبیِ۔ِاي ،ِايمِ۔اي ،ِايمِ۔ِفلِاورِپیِ۔ِايچِ۔ِڈیِسطحِکیِتحقي ِشاملِہے۔ِمزکورہِمقالےِميںِجامعاتِکیِسندیِتحقي ِکوِسامنےِرکھِ کرِا ِکےِمعيارِاورِمقامِاورِمشکالتِکاِاحاطہِکياِگياِہےِاورِآخرِميںِانِتمامِاُمورِکوِسامنےِرکھِکرِجوِنتائجِسامنےِآئےِہيںِا ِکےِ سلسلےِميںِکچھِگزارشاتِاورِتجاويرِبھیِپيشِکئےِگئےِہيں۔
pg. 142
IMRC-SS-122
CORPUS-DRIVEN STUDY OF THE REFLECTION OF ADGER ALLAN POE’S DISORDER ON HIS WRITING
Ayesha Jamal, Sahar Gul and Dr.Tehseen Zahra
Air University, Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract Adger Allan Poe repetitive depression suggested a Bipolar disorder (Teive, Paola, &Munhoz, 2014). Bipolar disorder is a genetic disorder characterized by severe disturbance in mood ranging from extreme ecstasy to severe depression (Craddock & Jones, 1999). The present study follows a corpus driven approach to examine the reflection of Poe’s disorder in his writings. For doing this, the researchers applied the neuroticism factor of Five Factor Model (FFM). The data of this study consisted of a corpus of seven random short stories of Adger Allan Poe. Qualitative and quantitative both approaches were applied for data analysis. Researchers analyzed frequently used nouns of the corpus through a corpus tool named AntConc and found some interesting results. Night, fire, blood, dead and death etc. were among the most frequent nouns in his short stories. Similarly, on the other side he also frequently used the words like day, morning, party, and life etc. This study is significant in a sense that it revealed to some extent the writing style of Poe.
Keywords: bipolar disorder, corpus, corpus-driven, neuroticism.
IMRC-SS-121
MISINTERPRETING THE ORGANIZATION: THE CASE OF SECURITIES EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN
Tauseef Iqbal
Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bahria University Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The paper analyses some recent judgments of superior judiciary of Pakistan in which the term promoter in corporate organization has been interpreted. The term promoter, in corporate law context, has always been referred to individuals who partake in the developing phase of a company by acting in variety of ways i.e.
pg. 143
investment, direction or facilitation. Peshawar High Court, in a judgment, held that corporate law regulator (SECP) is also a promoter because SECP, by providing facilitation to corporate sector, indirectly influences or persuades aspirant investor to invest in companies. The paper makes critical analysis is simple term. The paper analysis the reasoning of both HC and SC and put forth critical analysis thereof.
Keywords: Corporate Organization, Company, Promoter, Regulator
IMRC-SS-123
THE EFFECTS OF CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING
IN PAKISTANI SONGS ON YOUTH
Sahar Guland Ayesha Jamal
Department of Humanities, Air University, Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Code-switching and code-mixing are used in songs to add a rhetorical and aesthetic effect to the lyrics of the song (Davies and Bentahila, 2006). Code-switching and code-mixing are more common among bilinguals, where their mother tongue is in contact with a second language (Roni, 2008). The reasons of code-switching and code- mixing are poetic creativity modernization, westernization, efficiency, professionalism and social advancement (Muhammad Moneeb Ali, 2010). Media, society and culture are interrelated and affect each other.Media plays an important role in making or changing the linguistic preferences of the people (Rasul, 2006). The present research aims to know the perceptions of youth about code-mixing and code-switching in Pakistani songs and to know about the effect on their language. The data for the study is collected from the students of mass media in two Pakistani universities. A structured survey questionnaire is formulated for the collection of data from a predetermined population. Mixed method approach and SPS software is used for the analysis of data. We found from the collected data that people of different institutions, ages and genders have the same perceptions about the effects of songs on them. According to them code-mixing and code-switching make the songs more fascinating and affect their regional language. They almost all agreed on the negative impacts of using English in Pakistani songs. They were of the view that high status of English promotes western culture and is a threat to their regional languages. Future researchers can do this study qualitatively by taking the interviews of the respondents. Those interviews will give a deep insight into the study.
Key words: code-mixing, code-switching, bilingual
pg. 144
IMRC-SS-124
پاکستانیِجامعاتِميںِاردوِتحقي ِکیِصورتِحال؛تنقيدیِِمطالعہ
ابرار خٹک:ایم اے اردو،فارسی،ایم فل اقبالیات،پی۔ ایچ ڈی اردو)محقق(,اسسٹںٹ پروفیسر، شعب ٔہ اردو،گورںمںٹ پوسٹ گریجویٹ کالج ،ںوشہرہ
:[email protected] ِ ِ ِ ِ زبانِوادبِانسانِکیِروحانی،علمی،فکریِ،نفسياتی،جذباتی،اخالقی،ِمعاشی،ِمعاشرتیِاورِجسمانیِنشوونماِاورتعميرِوِِتشکيلِميںِکليدیِ کردارِاداِکرتےِہيں۔کسیِبھیِمعاشرےِکیِہمہِجہتِترقیِميںِِزبانِوادبِکیِِثروتِمندیِِاورِتحقي ِوِتنقيدکےِقاب ِلِعملِنتائجِکااہمِترينِ حصہِہوتاِہے۔ِِجامعات،محققينِاوراساتذہِِکاِبنيادیِوظيفہِِتحقيقاتِاورِنتائچِسےِخودِادبِوِلسانيات،ِِا ِسےِوابستہِافرادِ،ِِِِاِداروںِ،ِ قومِوِملکِيہاںِتکِکہِعالمیِسطحِکیِضرورياتِِوِلوازماتِ)متعلقہِِشعبہِجات(کےِتقاضوںِکوِملحوظِرکھتےِہوئےِعلمیِوِتکنيکیِ معاونتِکےِساتھِساتھِپاليسیِسازیِ،ِطريقۂِِکارِاورنتائجِِکےِپرکھِميںِاپناِکردارِاداِکرناِہوتاہےِ۔ِجديدِدورِميںِزبانِوِادبِکوِٹيکنالوجیِ کےِتقاضوںِِسےِہمِآہنگِکرنا،علمِکیِدريافت،بازيافت،امکاناتِکیِتالش،ِزبانِِوِادبِکیِہمہِجہتِترقیِوِطاقتِکوِبوهاناِِا ِکاِالزمہِ ہے۔ پوریِدنياِميںِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِتحقي ِکواندرونِملکِِوِبينِالممالکِعلمی،تکينکیِمعاونت،ِِمعاشرتیِوِتجارتیِتعلقاتِ ،بينِالثقافتیِہمِآہنگیِ،معيشتِاورسائن ِوِٹيکنالوجیِکیِترقیِکےِليےِاستعمالِکياِجاتاہےِ۔عالوہِازيںِعالمیِمعيارِکےِادبِکیِ ترويجِوِاشاعت،تراجمِکیِمعياربندیِِاورنتائجِکےِاستحسانِوِِانطبامِکےِذريعےِہمہِجہتِفوائدِحاصلِکيےِجاتےِہيں۔ا ِکیِ بنيادِپرِممالکِِاورخطوںِِکےِاندرِپاليسيوںِکیِتشکيلِکیِجاتیِہے۔گوياِانِکاِمقصدِمحضِايمِفل،ِپیِايچِڈیِافرادوِمقاالِِتِاِ ورجرائدِکیِتعدادِميںِاضافہِِکرنانہيںِہوتا،بلکہِِٹھو ِنتائجِوِاہدافِہوتاِہے۔ِہمارےِہاںِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِتحقي ِکےِمقاصدِوِِ ترجيحاِتِکياِہيں؟جامعاتِکنِمقاصدِکوِملحوظِرکھِکرِتحقي ِکیِشاہراہِپرِگامزنِہيں؟ابِتکِتحقي ِکےِمعياراتِکياِہيں؟ِمعيارِ ومقدارِِکياِہے؟انِسےِمتعلقہِسواالتِجيسے)ايچِایِسیِکےِمعيارت،ِِِپبلکِوِپرائيويٹِاداروںِميںِداخلےِکےِمعيارات،ِمقاالتِ کےِمعيارات،ماہرين؛اساتذہِکاِمعيار،محققينِکیِتياریِاورِمعيارِ،کور ِورکِکیِتکميلِاورِمعيارات،تدري ِوِآموزشِِکےِ معيارات،اساتذہِکےِمسائل،اسکالرزِکےِمسائل،ِموضوعاتِوغيرہِکاِانتخاب،سرقہِوجعلِسازی،جامعاتِِميںِٹھو ِمنصوبہِبندیِ کاِفقدان،ِغيرِمعياریِرجحانات،االون ِکاِحصولِ)پیِايچِڈی،ايمِفل(،ِاگلےِگريڈِونکاِحصول،ِجانچِپرتالِکیِفي ِِکیِمحدودات،ِ اقربہِپروری،غيرِتحقيقیِرويے،ِامتيازات،ِامکاناتِتحقي ،ضرورياتِِِتحقي ِ،مثبتِِومنفیِپہلوِوغيرہ؛ِہمارےِہاںِجوِمحقيقينِ فارغِہوتےِہيںِانِکاِمعيارِکياِہوتاِہےِ؟پبلکِسرو ِکميشنِسےِلےِکرِتمامِشعبہِجاتِجہاںِانِکیِکھپتِہوتیِہےِکیِرپورٹوں،ِ اعدادِوِشماراورِنتائجِکوِديکھناِہوگا۔ا ِسلسلےِميںِيہاںِِصرفِايکِرپورٹِکاِحوالہِديناِمناسبِہوگاِکہ2019ِِکیِايکِمصدقہِ خبرِکےِمطاب ِِآجروںِنےِا سیِفيصدِيونيورسٹيوںِِکیِاسنادِاورِفارغِالتحصيلِطلبہِکیِصالحيتوںِاورِمہارتوںِپرِعدمِاعتمادِ کاِاظہارِکيا۔ِکالج،يونيورسٹيوںِميںِِسکالرزِکیِپوهائیِاوربنيادیِلسانیِوِادبیِمہارتوںِاورِآموزشیِعملِکیِاہليتِکےِتقاضوںِ سےِعہدہِبرآِہونےِکیِصالحتيوںِِِکاِجائزہِاورِادبِوِلسانياتِکےِشعبوںِميںِيونيوِرسٹيوںِکےِدرميانِکسیِمرکزیِرابطےِ کےِنظامِِکیِعدمِموجوِدگیِوغيرہِ۔۔(ِموضوعِکاِتنقيدی،تجزياتیِ،ِتقابلیِمطالعہِوقتِکاِتقاضاِہےِاورِيہِا ِمقالےِکاِبنيادیِ وظيفہِہوگا۔ِبادیِالنظرِميںِيہِاعدادِوِشمارِاستثناِِِِِکےِباوجودمعيارِِکےِِلحاظِسےِانتہائیِمايو ِکنِہيں۔ِا ِمقالےِميںِاعدادِ شمارِکوِملحوظِرکھِکرِتحقيقی،تنقيدیِاورِتجزياتیِاندازميںِپاکستانیِجامعاتِميںِتحقي ِکےِمعياراتِکاِجائزہِپيشِکياِجائےِگاِ اورِا ِسلسلےِميںِتحقيقیِامکاناتِاورِسفارشاتِکیِنشاندہیِبھیِکیِجائےِگی۔ ِ کليدیِالفاظ: ِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِاہميت،کردار،جامعاتِکاِبنيادیِوظيفہ،ترقیِيافتہِممالکِميںِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِتحقي ِکےِ رجحانات،اہداف،مقاصد،پاکستان ِميں ِتحقي ِکی ِصورت ِحال،معيارات،مقدار،،مسائل،امکانات،مختلف ِرپورٹوں ِاور ِجائزوں ِکیِ صورتِحال،مسائلِکیِنشاندہی،ِامکاناتِِِتحقي ِ،تنقيدی،تجزياتی،تقابلیِمطالعہِ،سفارشات ِ ِ pg. 145
IMRC-SS-124
پاکستانیِجامعاتِميںِاردوِتحقي ِکیِصورتِحال؛تنقيدیِِمطالعہ
ابرار خٹک:ایم اے اردو،فارسی،ایم فل اقبالیات،پی۔ ایچ ڈی اردو)محقق(,اسسٹںٹ پروفیسر، شعب ٔہ اردو،گورںمںٹ پوسٹ گریجویٹ کالج ،ںوشہرہ
:[email protected] ِ ِ ِ ِ زبانِوادبِانسانِکیِروحانی،علمی،فکریِ،نفسياتی،جذباتی،اخالقی،ِمعاشی،ِمعاشرتیِاورِجسمانیِنشوونماِاورتعميرِوِِتشکيلِميںِکليدیِ کردارِاداِکرتےِہيں۔کسیِبھیِمعاشرےِکیِہمہِجہتِترقیِميںِِزبانِوادبِکیِِثروتِمندیِِاورِتحقي ِوِتنقيدکےِقاب ِلِعملِنتائجِکااہمِترينِ حصہِہوتاِہے۔ِِجامعات،محققينِاوراساتذہِِکاِبنيادیِوظيفہِِتحقيقاتِاورِنتائچِسےِخودِادبِوِلسانيات،ِِا ِسےِوابستہِافرادِ،ِِِِاِداروںِ،ِ قومِوِملکِيہاںِتکِکہِعالمیِسطحِکیِضرورياتِِوِلوازماتِ)متعلقہِِشعبہِجات(کےِتقاضوںِکوِملحوظِرکھتےِہوئےِعلمیِوِتکنيکیِ معاونتِکےِساتھِساتھِپاليسیِسازیِ،ِطريقۂِِکارِاورنتائجِِکےِپرکھِميںِاپناِکردارِاداِکرناِہوتاہےِ۔ِجديدِدورِميںِزبانِوِادبِکوِٹيکنالوجیِ کےِتقاضوںِِسےِہمِآہنگِکرنا،علمِکیِدريافت،بازيافت،امکاناتِکیِتالش،ِزبانِِوِادبِکیِہمہِجہتِترقیِوِطاقتِکوِبوهاناِِا ِکاِالزمہِ ہے۔ پوریِدنياِميںِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِتحقي ِکواندرونِملکِِوِبينِالممالکِعلمی،تکينکیِمعاونت،ِِمعاشرتیِوِتجارتیِتعلقاتِ ،بينِالثقافتیِہمِآہنگیِ،معيشتِاورسائن ِوِٹيکنالوجیِکیِترقیِکےِليےِاستعمالِکياِجاتاہےِ۔عالوہِازيںِعالمیِمعيارِکےِادبِکیِ ترويجِوِاشاعت،تراجمِکیِمعياربندیِِاورنتائجِکےِاستحسانِوِِانطبامِکےِذريعےِہمہِجہتِفوائدِحاصلِکيےِجاتےِہيں۔ا ِکیِ بنيادِپرِممالکِِاورخطوںِِکےِاندرِپاليسيوںِکیِتشکيلِکیِجاتیِہے۔گوياِانِکاِمقصدِمحضِايمِفل،ِپیِايچِڈیِافرادوِمقاالِِتِاِ ورجرائدِکیِتعدادِميںِاضافہِِکرنانہيںِہوتا،بلکہِِٹھو ِنتائجِوِاہدافِہوتاِہے۔ِہمارےِہاںِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِتحقي ِکےِمقاصدِوِِ ترجيحاِتِکياِہيں؟جامعاتِکنِمقاصدِکوِملحوظِرکھِکرِتحقي ِکیِشاہراہِپرِگامزنِہيں؟ابِتکِتحقي ِکےِمعياراتِکياِہيں؟ِمعيارِ ومقدارِِکياِہے؟انِسےِمتعلقہِسواالتِجيسے)ايچِایِسیِکےِمعيارت،ِِِپبلکِوِپرائيويٹِاداروںِميںِداخلےِکےِمعيارات،ِمقاالتِ کےِمعيارات،ماہرين؛اساتذہِکاِمعيار،محققينِکیِتياریِاورِمعيارِ،کور ِورکِکیِتکميلِاورِمعيارات،تدري ِوِآموزشِِکےِ معيارات،اساتذہِکےِمسائل،اسکالرزِکےِمسائل،ِموضوعاتِوغيرہِکاِانتخاب،سرقہِوجعلِسازی،جامعاتِِميںِٹھو ِمنصوبہِبندیِ کاِفقدان،ِغيرِمعياریِرجحانات،االون ِکاِحصولِ)پیِايچِڈی،ايمِفل(،ِاگلےِگريڈِونکاِحصول،ِجانچِپرتالِکیِفي ِِکیِمحدودات،ِ اقربہِپروری،غيرِتحقيقیِرويے،ِامتيازات،ِامکاناتِتحقي ،ضرورياتِِِتحقي ِ،مثبتِِومنفیِپہلوِوغيرہ؛ِہمارےِہاںِجوِمحقيقينِ فارغِہوتےِہيںِانِکاِمعيارِکياِہوتاِہےِ؟پبلکِسرو ِکميشنِسےِلےِکرِتمامِشعبہِجاتِجہاںِانِکیِکھپتِہوتیِہےِکیِرپورٹوں،ِ اعدادِوِشماراورِنتائجِکوِديکھناِہوگا۔ا ِسلسلےِميںِيہاںِِصرفِايکِرپورٹِکاِحوالہِديناِمناسبِہوگاِکہ2019ِِکیِايکِمصدقہِ خبرِکےِمطاب ِِآجروںِنےِا سیِفيصدِيونيورسٹيوںِِکیِاسنادِاورِفارغِالتحصيلِطلبہِکیِصالحيتوںِاورِمہارتوںِپرِعدمِاعتمادِ کاِاظہارِکيا۔ِکالج،يونيورسٹيوںِميںِِسکالرزِکیِپوهائیِاوربنيادیِلسانیِوِادبیِمہارتوںِاورِآموزشیِعملِکیِاہليتِکےِتقاضوںِ سےِعہدہِبرآِہونےِکیِصالحتيوںِِِکاِجائزہِاورِادبِوِلسانياتِکےِشعبوںِميںِيونيوِرسٹيوںِکےِدرميانِکسیِمرکزیِرابطےِ کےِنظامِِکیِعدمِموجوِدگیِوغيرہِ۔۔(ِموضوعِکاِتنقيدی،تجزياتیِ،ِتقابلیِمطالعہِوقتِکاِتقاضاِہےِاورِيہِا ِمقالےِکاِبنيادیِ وظيفہِہوگا۔ِبادیِالنظرِميںِيہِاعدادِوِشمارِاستثناِِِِِکےِباوجودمعيارِِکےِِلحاظِسےِانتہائیِمايو ِکنِہيں۔ِا ِمقالےِميںِاعدادِ شمارِکوِملحوظِرکھِکرِتحقيقی،تنقيدیِاورِتجزياتیِاندازميںِپاکستانیِجامعاتِميںِتحقي ِکےِمعياراتِکاِجائزہِپيشِکياِجائےِگاِ اورِا ِسلسلےِميںِتحقيقیِامکاناتِاورِسفارشاتِکیِنشاندہیِبھیِکیِجائےِگی۔ ِ
pg. 146
کليدیِالفاظ: ِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِاہميت،کردار،جامعاتِکاِبنيادیِوظيفہ،ترقیِيافتہِممالکِميںِادبِوِلسانياتِکیِتحقي ِکےِ رجحانات،اہداف،مقاصد،پاکستان ِميں ِتحقي ِکی ِصورت ِحال،معيارات،مقدار،،مسائل،امکانات،مختلف ِرپورٹوں ِاور ِجائزوں ِکیِ صورتِحال،مسائلِکیِنشاندہی،ِامکاناتِِِتحقي ِ،تنقيدی،تجزياتی،تقابلیِمطالعہِ،سفارشات ِ ِ
IMRC-SS-128
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF BLACKBOARD AND SMART BOARD ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OF SCIENCE IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR 1Kifayatullah Khan, 2Shaista Aziz, 3Dr.Wasal Khan, 4Yousaf Hayat 1,2,3 Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar-Pakistan. 4 Department of Maths, State and Computer Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Email: [email protected]
Abstract Education in the modern world of technology has become more challenging and dependent on the effective use of instructional tools. This study investigated the difference between the effects of blackboard and smart board on students’ learning of science in district Peshawar. The sample included (N=50) students from private schools in Peshawar. Data were collected through achievement tests designed in the units taught to the students through two different instructional tools. Students were randomly distributed into two groups (control and experimental). Group 1 (control group) was given lectures through blackboard and Group 2 (experimental group) was taught the same contents of science through smart board. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Results indicated a statistically significance difference between the achievements of the two groups. Group 2 scored higher than group 1 in the achievement tests. Hence, it is proved by the study that students who attended the Smart board classes, performed better than the control group.
Keywords: Academic performance, private schools, blackboard and smart board technology.
IMRC-SS-129
RELATING ERROR ANALYSIS TO TEACHING ENGLISH COMPOSITION AT B.ED (HONS.) LEVEL 1Irfan Ullah, 2Arshad Javed, 3Dr.Wasal Khan
pg. 147
1,2E & S E Department, Education Department, Peshawar, Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 3Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar [email protected]
Abstract:
The current inductive-qualitative-inquiry aimed to identify the most common errors in the English writings of a B.Ed (Hons.) student who went through new English course under the umbrella of B.Ed (Hons.) scheme of studies - a newer initiative for effective teaching force development by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. B.Ed (Hons.), being an updated Scheme of Studies of 21st century, is considered to be a cutting-edge milestone towards teacher development augmented by National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan, 2008 and Curriculum of Education, 2010, supported by HEC Pakistan and USAID. The key area of exploration was English language composition skill, particularly, the categories of errors that appeared due to various reasons in the writings of a topper student of a notable public sector university of Pakistan. Being exploratory in nature, the study attempted to go through the writings to investigate what lacked in composition skill development that is required to be reinforced. Data collected were the assignments given to the subject who was selected through purposive sampling with the condition of being both topper in English and the overall B.Ed (Hons.). Errors were identified, investigated and categorized through content analysis method. The results from qualitative error analysis revealed that the subject concerned commit the errors more frequently in the following areas: use of definite and indefinite articles, spellings of confusing words, capitalization inside the sentence only, use of commas, use of coordinating conjunction, number of noun, subject-verb agreement, possessive pronouns, indefinite pronoun, use of present tense instead of past tense, verb-noun interchange, unnecessary use of ‘that’, use of present continuous tense instead of present indefinite. The findings are more helpful for English language teachers, trainers and textbook authors to be aware of what is lacking in the implementation of the most updated Scheme of Studies of 21st century that is B.Ed (Hons.).
Keywords: Error analysis, qualitative research, writing skill, B.Ed (Hons.), language development, Composition skill
IMRC-SS-131
جدید اردو افساںہ اورعصر حاضر کےتقاضے محمد ںاصر آفریدی pg. 148
پی ایچ ۔ڈی سکالر اردو ، سرحد یوںیورسٹی پشاور
تلخيص: اردوِافسانویِادبِميںِبالخصوصِافسانےِنےِوقتِکےِساتھِساتھِبہتِسیِجہتوںِسےِِقبوليتِحاصلِکرتےِہوئےِموضوعاتیِوِفنیِاورِ تکنيکیِہراعتبارِسےِوسعتِوترقیِسميٹیِہے۔ِآجِاردوِافسانہِبرا ِہِراستِمغربِسےِمستفيدِِِہوِرہاِہے۔آجِکےِاردوِافسانےِنےِايکِ منفردِاورِخودِمرتکزاکائیِکیِصورتِاپناتےِہوئےِِقاریِکوِتحير،تجس ِاورِانسباطِکےِجذباتِسےِآشناِکرواياِہے۔افسانےِکاِيہِجديدِ روپِہميںِِجديدِنسلِکےِہرِافسانہِنگارِکےِہاںِواضحِدکھائیِديتاِہے۔يہِواحدِصنفِہےِج ِنےِعصرِحاضرِکےِہرايکِپہلوِکےِ حوالےِسےِالِتعدادِاورِبےِمثلِنمونےِفراہمِکيےِاورِاردوِادبِکوِنہِصرفِِفنیِوِفکریِعروجِتکِپہنچاِکرِِماالِمالِکيابلکہِاسےِ عالمیِادبِکےِشانہِبشانہِالِکھواِکياہےِ۔ عصرِحاضرِکےِافسانوںِميںِزندگیِکےِتلخِحقائ ،اقدارِکیِشکستِوريخت،زندگیِکیِبےِمعنويت،سياسیِوِسماجیِجبرِوستحصالِکےِ خالفِصدائےِاحتجاجِبلندِکياِگيا۔آجِکےِاردوِافسانےِنےِِلمحہِبہِلمحہِبدلتیِزندگیِکےِروپِبہروپِکوِاپنےِاندرِا ِطرکِجذبِکرِلياِ ہےِکہِجيسےِمشينیِزندگیِکاِتہذيبیِانقالبِاسیِکےِفروغِکےِليےِرونماِہوا۔انسانِکاِجذبہِورومانِا ِکیِآسودگياںِاورمحرومياںِ،ِ معاشرےِميںِپنپنےِوالیِِگھٹنِوِناِانصافياںِِ،ظاہریِانارکیِ،ِِجمہوريتِکشیِ،عالمیِسامراجيتِ،طبقاتیِکشمکشِ،ِمعاشیِاستحصالِ اورِہرِطرفِپھيلےِظلمِوبربريت،دہشتِگردیِاورِسياسیِظلمِواستبدادِِکوِادروِافسانےِميںِا ِخوبصورتیِسےِسميٹاِگياِہےِکہِہرِ کردارِگردوِپيشِِکیِحقيقتِکاِعلمِاٹھائےِِہوئےِہے۔ِغرضِعصرِحاضرِکےِتمامِمسائلِآجِکےِاردوِافسانےِِميںِجھلکتےِہيںِ۔ِافسانہِ نگاروںِنےِانِتمامِمسائلِکوِکئیِسطحوںِپرِبرتِکرِافسانےِکےِفنِوِاسلوبِکیِسطحِپرِنئےِلمئحہِرواںِميںِافسانےِکوِہمہِگيريتِ عطاِکی۔ِجنِکاِتذکرہِزيرِمطالعہِمقالےِميںِتفصيلِسےِکياِجائےِگا۔
IMRC-SS-132
NEXUS BETWEEN CORRUPTION TERRORISM AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN
Tayyaba Rani
Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Terrorism and corruption are two broad issues that affect the economic performance of a country significantly. The current study investigates and explores the nexus between terrorism, corruption, and the economic performance in the context of Pakistan. The aims of the current study are to analyze and investigate the short-run and long-run association between terrorism and corruption with economic performance by using cointegration analysis. For the purpose, the data is obtained for the period of 1980-2017 from the data base of World Bank Catalog, Transparency International, International Country Risk Guide and Global Terrorism. It uses ARDL-Bound test approach to meet the objectives of the current study which has yielded that corruption and pg. 149
terrorism are having long-run cointegration with economic performance and the scenario is alarming in the context of Pakistan.
Key Words: Corruption; Terrorism; Economic Performance
IMRC-SS-133 سندیِتحقي ِاورِتدوين
متنِِِِِِِِِِِِِِ ڈاکٹررخسانہِبلوچ اسسٹنٹِپروفيسرِشعبہِاردو گورنمنٹِکاِلجِيونیِورسٹی،فيصلِٓاباد ِِِتنقيدِاورِتجزيےِکےِليےِهميشہِدرستِمتنِدرکارِهوتاِهےاورِدرستِمتنِکےِليےِتدوينِکیِضرورتِهوتیِهے۔اردوِسندیِتحقي ِميںِ تدوينِمتنِپرِکامِکیِرفتارِتسلیِبخشِنھيں،ا ِوقتِميںِجاِمعاتِميںِسندیِتحقي ِکاِغالبِحصہِفکشنِپہِتنقيدِاورِتجزيےِپرِمشتملِ هے،ا ِسےِجھاںِِِموضوعاتِکیِتکرارِهوتیِهےِوهاںِغيرميعاِریِمقاالتِکاِايکِانبوہِکثير،تحقي ِوتنقيدِکےِنامِپرِبدنامیِکاِباِعثِ هے،ضرورتِا ِامرِکیِهےِکہِايمِفلِکیِسطحِپرِهیِنہِصرفِتدوينِمتنِکیِمش ِکرائیِجاِئےِبلکہِطالبِعلموںِسےِانيسويںِصدیِ کےايسےِمتونِکیِتدوينِِکرا ٗیِجا ٗےِجوِابِايکِعامِقاریِکےِليےِقابلِفھمِنھيںِا ِطرکِمدونينِکیِا ِکمیِکاِازالہِکياِجاِسکتاِهےِ ج ِکاِاردوِادبِشکارِهےِيہِمقالہِسندیِتحقي ِميںِاردوِتدوينِکیِضرورتِوِاهميتِکوِاجاِگرِکرےِگا
IMRC-SS-134
اکیسویں صدی میں اردو تحقیق:رفتار اورمعیار
ڈاکٹرمطاہرشاہ اسسٹنٹِپروفيسر،شعبہِاردو،ہزارہِيونيورسٹی،ِمانسہرہ Email: [email protected]
اردوِميںِتحقي ِکیِروايتِزيادہِپرانیِنہيں۔ِابتداءِميںِانفرادیِسطحِپرِاورِپھرِآزادیِکےِآ ِپا ِسندیِتحقيقاتِکاِايکِنہِختمِہونےِواالِ سلسلہِشروعِہوا،ِجوِابِتکِجاریِہے۔ِپاکِوہندِکیِيونيورسٹيوںِميںِاردوِتحقي ِکےِآغازِسےِہیِاردوِتحقي ِکیِروايتِکاِعہ ِدِزرينِ شروعِہوتاِہے۔ِاکيسويںِصدیِتکِآتےِآتےِيہِروايتِابِخاصیِمستحکمِہوِگئیِہے۔اورِا ِميںِروزِافزوعِاضافہِہوِرہاِہے۔نئےِنئےِ شعبہِہائےِاردوِکےِاجراءِکےِساتھِنہِصرفِا ِروايتِکیِرفتارِميںِزبردستِاضافہِہواِہے،ِبلکہِا ِکےِمعيارِميںِبھیِبہتریِنظرِ آرہیِہے۔تاہمِا ِکےِباوجودِبعضِعواملِايسےِضرورِہيںِجوِاردوِتحقي ِکوِا ِمعيارِتکِپہنچانےِميںِرکاوٹِہيں،ج ِتکِترقیِيافتہِ ممالکِکیِتحقي ِپہنچیِہے۔ِزي ِرِنظرِمقالےِميںِاکيسويںِصدیِميںِاردوِتحقي ِکےِنسبتاًِجديدترِمنظرنامےِاورِا ِکےِرفتارِومعيارِکاِ جائزہِلياِگياِہے۔
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IMRC-SS-135
NETWORK PATTERN AND ROADS DEVELOPMENT IN LAHORE
Shazia Sarwar
Lecturer Department of Geography University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract
Overall roads affiliated paths develop man, movement and search applied sides earning ambitious and moving pressures idicate settlement character living style. Roads always along with traffic can move smoothly are vital to economic life of any community. Idicated and directed points. Settlement sideways path’s distributed sides zones locations image and satellite design coordination and techniques and proved facilitated pattern. Road design techniques setting always impact the geography of settlement. Impacts facts and technical sides Indicate true nature of road importance. Satellite communicated signals trunk routes, traffic grounds route traffic, and road design chartered the nature of traffic regularities. Major roads their output input and impressions expose the overall setting of the true radar. Traffic pole road design i.e. Broad marks lines path impact the traffic pressures and traffic units. Modern road and affiliated localities their promoted impressions indicate true picture of the network techniques.
Network design techniques idicate major and secondary pattern mala adjustment Roads direct Routes Link Routes and points all abbreviated segment of secondary setting data require and inside Route grid sufficient traffic tools and design primarily idicate satellite point coordination and technical development with modern impressions. Emphasis point and design its salient features and techniques land marks running roads link routes, point inside communities appointment trip routes design idicate complete picture of the literature.Network explanation according to picture one major Route and its components modern path and under pass bridge i.e Floor Roads and design inside Routes upward pattern and down tracks grid and design both important. Campus canal link road routes Jinnah Bridge underpass thirty kilometers towards inside localities other emphasis sides design and updated developed path Raiwind Ring Road surroundings routes all proved man’s capabilities.
Emphasis design inside localities other emphasis side design and updated developed path Ring Road surroundings technical patches Bridge Underpass link routes inside localities toad instrument vehicle type, Flow roads running design other components. Matter radar techniques and utilization inner routes imaginary view the whole side grid and routes all proved technical promotion. Other impressions development pace and time always authorized to maintain man’s activity and totally dependency living impressions and standard distribute movement markets shopping distance and designed luxuries trends routes and approachable points impact the network and design.
Keywords:Urbanarea,Primarydata,Secondarydata,Techniques ,Analysis
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IMRC-SS-136
CUBIC TRANSMUTED INVERSE RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION: ITS PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 1Najma, 2Alamgir and 2Salahuddin 1Department of Statistics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar 2Department of Statistics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Abstract The manuscript aims to propose a new generalization of the inverse Rayleigh distribution, known as Cubic Transmuted Inverse Rayleigh distribution. Some mathematical properties of the cubic transmuted inverse Rayleigh distribution have been derived like moment generating function, stress strength reliability, mean residual life function, entropy, order statistics and harmonic mean etc. The Maximum likelihood technique has been used for parameter estimation. Two real data sets have been used to check the applicability of the proposed model. This application identifies that the Cubic transmuted inverse Rayleigh distribution performs better as compared with the other sub models of the inverse Rayleigh distribution. Keywords: cubic transmuted, maximum likelihood estimation, moment generating function, Rayleigh distribution.
IMRC-SS-137
ESTIMATION OF MISSING OBSERVATIONS IN HYPER GRAECO LATIN SUDOKU SQUARE DESIGN
1Sundus Hussain, 2Sareer Badshahand3Sher Aslam 1Department of Statistics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 2Department of Statistics, Islamia College Peshawar 3Govt. Degree College Ara Khel, FR Kohat, Pakistan Email: [email protected]
Abstract
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Hyper Graeco Latin Sudoku Square Design or Hyper GLaSS Design introduced by Hussain et al. (2017) as the new experimental design providing minimum mean square error when blocking attribute of Sudoku Square design fused in Hyper Graeco Latin Square design. The proposed design permits the study of six factors and examines three arrays of treatments all at the same time. In this paper explicit expressions are obtained for Hyper GLaSS Design when one value is missing, two values are missing with different cases and several values are missing; also the case is proved vice versa. The technique proposed by Yates (1933) for calculating missing terms of Latin Square Design is used to attain equivalent formulae for calculating Hyper GLaSS Design missing values. Daily life applications of Hyper GLaSS Design are also given and with the help of hypothetical data when two observations are missing is estimated through numerical example. Keywords: Experimental Design, Hyper GLaSS Design, Missing Value, Non-iterative method, Yates Iterative Procedure
IMRC-SS-138
CLASS MEMBERSHIP PROBABILITY ESTIMATION THROUGH
PENALIZED LOGISTIC MODELS ENSEMBLE
1Musarrat Ijaz, 2Zahid Asghar, 1Asma Gul
1Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar
2Quaid E Azam University, Islamabad
Abstract pg. 153
Classifiers aggregation known as ensemble method improves classification accuracy in a wide range of applications. This method can also be used for class membership probabilities estimation. Class membership probabilities are often required in medical fields rather than only class labels. In this study we propose an Ensemble of Penalized Logistic models (EPL) for class membership probability estimation in high dimensional data. EPL employs Ridge regression, Lasso and Elastic net as base learners for ensemble generation. The EPL is assessed on both simulated data and bench mark microarray data sets. Brier score is used for performance measure of the ensemble. Performance of EPL is compared with state of the art classifiers, i.e., Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour Classifier (KNN) and Random Forest (RF). The experimental comparisons reveal that EPL gains high predictive performance in terms of minimum Brier score as compared to the other classifiers considered. Keywords: Class membership probability, High dimension data, Ensemble methods, penalized Logistic models
IMRC-SS-139 JARED DIAMOND’S EVOLUTIONARY PARADIGM OF HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY, TOWARDS NATURE AND GLOBALIZATION: (Its application on District Chiniot)
Syed Munwar Abbas, Assistant Professor of History,
Govt. Islamia Post-Graduate College Chiniot.
Abstract
This research shows that how and what role geography, environment and genetical basis [instincts] of human beings plays in making history, forming culture of humanity and the pathways of individual and collective socio-politics along with human evolution and the journey towards civilization. Jared Diamond theorized this hypothesis with his observations in European boundaries on behalf of the comparison of presently prevailing [day
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by day deep-rooting] blind modernism and past natural growth of humanity. He presents his thoughts that how human beings evolved from his forefathers who are very much genetically close to their cousins, the chimpanzee and still what similarities they have [show through their actions] with them on behalf of their genetic nearness. Similarly, he also points out the dissimilarities between these two cousin creatures, which is the Wisdom/Reason [possessed by the human beings only]; and this distinction has mainly been used for inhuman development of guns, germs and steel. He also describes the differences in human societies and their psychological approach towards nature and with this approach what they have found, what they have lost and most importantly what would be the ways through which the completion of journey towards Collapse can be halted and prolonged only, not stopped.
Here, the objective is to show the universality and very much suitable [relevant] precedent oriented human activities [of almost all societies] through Jared Diamond’s theory as well as to prove its validity by applying on a very small area e.g. District Chiniot of Western Punjab, located in Pakistan. The focus is to find the results those will contribute the nature friendly and Collapse-halted development of this local area if Diamond’s theory is applied here.
Keywords:
Class Differences, Collapse, Evolution, Existential Threat, Exploitation, Human beings.
IMRC-SS-140 اردو تحقیقی مقاالت )ایم فل۔پی ایچ ڈی(کی ضخامت اور ہئیت کی معیار بںدی
Muhammad Rahman Hazara University, Mansehra اردوِزبانِميںِتخليقیِسطحِکےِعالوہِتحقيقیِطورِپرِبھیِِکارِہائےِنماياںِِانجامِ ديےِِگئےِہيںِليکنِمسئلہِِيہِہےِکہِا ِکےِحوالےِسےِسندیِتحقي ِميںِجاِمعاتِ کےِہاِںِکئیِطرکِِکےِمسائلِنظرِآتےِہيںِ۔جامعاتِميںِايمِفلِِاورِِِپیِايچِڈیِ کےِتحقيقیِمقاِالتِميںِضخامتِکےِحوالےِسےِخاصاِتضادِِپاياِجاِِِتاہے۔موجودہِ مضمونِميںِا ِتضادِکوِختمِِکرنےِاورِاردوِِِِکےِتمامِشعبہِجاتِميںِايکِہیِ طرکِکاِطريقہِکارطےِکرنےِاورِانِتمامِِمسائلِِکوِختمِکرنےِِکےِحوالےِسےِ مختلفِامورِپربحثِکیِگئیِہے۔ pg. 155
IMRC-SS-141
نازيہِپروين ِ )پیِايچِڈیِسکالر( ِ اکيسويںِصدیِميںِاردوِتحقي :ِرفتارِاورِمعيار ِ Abstratc: In the age of technology of 21st century, what is the cachet of urdu research and how has it been made progress? In this article research methodology of urdu , it's quality and probability has been discussed ,it's standard and how is it effected in this present era of 21st century. In an ancient time period, people move from place to place for authentic research but now a days people rely only on online research.Standard and quality of urdu research are discussed. تحقي ِجانچِپرکھِاورِسچِکیِبازيافتِکاِنامِہے.ِتحقي ِفکرِانسانیِکےِنکھارِاورِاستحکامِکاِاستعارہِہے.ِ مہذبِمعاشروںِميںِتحقي ِسےِہیِافرادیِقوتِاورِکمياتیِعنصرِتشکيلِپاتاِہے.ِتاريخِکیِبازيافتِہو،ِسائنسیِ ترقیِہو،ِتہذيبیِفلکِآفرينیِياِمذہبیِرواياتِکاِمتمکنِنکھارِتحقي ِکاہیِمرہونِمنتِہے.ِاکيسويںِصدیِجسےِ ترقی،ِتبديلی،ِسائنسیِايجاداتِِاورِانسانیِعقلِکےِعروجِکاِزمانہِگرداناِجاِرہاِہے.ِکمپيوٹرِاورِانٹرنيٹِکےِ دورِنےِپوریِدنياِيکجاِيعنیِدرياِکوِکوزےِميںِبندِکردياِہے.ِچھوٹےِسےِکلکِپرِپوریِدنياِِکےِمتعل ِ مخفیِسےِمخفیِمعلوماتِاورِزندگیِکےِمتعلقہِعلومِکےِخزينےِکھلِجاتےِہيں.ِسائنسیِعلوم،ِمعاشرتیِوِ سماجیِکےِساتھِساتھِزبانِوِادبياتِہیِوہِوسيلہِہيںِج ِسےِتہذيبیِاستحکامِممکنِہے.ِوقتِکیِدووِاورِ تيزِرفتاریِميںِاردوِتحقي ِکاِمعيارِاورِمقامِکيساِہے.ِپرانیِرواياتِتحقي ِکےِاصولوںِپرِک ِقدرِعملِ پيرايہِہےِاورِبوهتیِہوئیِٹيکنالوجیِکےِاستعمالِسےِاردوِتحقي ِکےِميدانِميںِک ِقدرِپيشِرفتِہورہیِ ہے.ِا ِمقالےِميںِاردوِتحقي ِکیِرفتارِاورِمعيارِکوِزيرِبحثِالياِجائےِگا۔ ِ ِ
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Management Sciences
IMRC-MS-01
CHALLENGE-HINDRANCE STRESSORS AND WORK BEHAVIOR; THE MEDIATING
ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION
Muhammad Tufail
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
To examine the mediating role of job satisfaction between stressors and organization citizenship behavior, the current study was conducted. By using time lagged data collection technique, data was collected at two points from 448 employees working in head offices of four cellular services provider companies working in Pakistan. Results showed that challenge stressors have positive while hindrance stressors have negative relation with job satisfaction and OCB. Further, the results supported the mediating role of job satisfaction in a link of challenge and hindrance stressors with OCB. Avenues for further research have been given at the end.
Keywords: Challenge Stressors, Hindrance Stressors, Job Satisfaction, Organization Citizenship Behavior.
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IMRC-MS-04
NURSING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY’S CONTEXT; EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PERCEPTION OF POLITICS BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND VARIOUS JOB OUTCOMES IN HEALTH SECTOR
1Muhammad Naveed Iqbal, 1Dr. S.K. Shahzad, 1Muhammad Naeem,
2Dr. Fayaz Ali Shah and 2Dr. Anjum Ihsan
1Department of Management Sciences, Islamia College University, Peshawar
2Air School of Management Sciences, Air University Islamabad Abstract Nursing demands very high degree of emotional composition and is also very sensitive to perception of politics. Therefore, nursing provides an interesting but unexamined site to study the interplay of Perception of Politics (POP) between Emotional intelligence (EI) and myriad job outcomes (job satisfaction, turnover intention, negligent behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, task performance and absenteeism). To examine these relationships, data was collected from 313 nurses of private and public sector hospitals and health care units in Pakistan using questionnaire measuring each variable on five points Likert scale. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence is inversely associated with perception of politics in the nursing sector. Results also indicate that perception of politics mediates between emotional intelligence and various job outcomes except turnover intention that was excluded from analysis owing to low reliability. Finally, recommendations and future research directions have been documented at the end of the study.
IMRC-MS-08
IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES’ EMPOWERMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR IN KHYBERPAKTUNKHWA
1Dr. Pervez Akhtar and 2Sajad Ali
1Assistant Prof, PICO, HMC, Peshawar
2PICO, HMC, Peshawar
Abstract
The research study examined the impact of employees’ empowerment practices on the organizational commitment of full time employees belonging to different telecommunication sectors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Purpose of the study was to see the relationship between employees’ empowerment and their commitment with the organizations. Non-Probability Sampling technique was employed on the basis of convenience. Aself- administered questionnaire were distributed among 280 employees working in different companies of the telecommunication sector, from which 250 employees participated to fill the complete questionnaire. Cronbach’s α co-efficient was used to estimate the reliability of questionnaire and was found above 0.70.The data was analyzed on the basis of hypotheses through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Correlation and regression techniques were employed to establish the relationship between the variables. The finding of Pearson’s Correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between the variables. Moreover the results of regression analysis indicates a positive and significant impact of empowerment practices on all types of organizational commitments.
Keywords: Employees Empowerment, Organizational Commitments, Telecommunication, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
IMRC-MS-09
ROLE OF LEADER’S SENSE OF HUMOR ON WORK INVOLVEMENT: A MODERATED MEDIATION ANALYSIS OF LEADER’S AGGRESSIVE HUMOR AND LMX
Sehrish Munaf1, Noor Ul Hadi2 and Sadia Aftab3
Department of Business Administration, Foundation University, Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Humor adds joy to our lives, it is observed to be an effective tool in reducing tension and adding beauty to human interactions. It is part of our daily lives, yet little research is conducted upon the outcomes of humor in organization. Work involvement is an important construct, yet its antecedents are not being studied by much of the researchers, therefore, the objective of this research is to examine the association between leader’s sense of humor, Leader Member Exchange and work involvement with moderating role of leader’s aggressive humor. With justification this study is based on four theoretical underpinnings; LMX theory, Affective event theory, social information processing theory and Hofstede’s cultural model. To test the hypothesized relationships, data was collected from full time employees working in different institutions in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Data was conveniently collected through self-administered questionnaires. Moreover, all valid responses were analyzed via SPSS with the application of PROCESS macro. All the hypotheses of study were found to be considered, except the
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moderating role of leader’s aggressive humor. The reason for rejection of this hypothesis is justified through Hofstede’s cultural differences Model. This study concluded that leader’s aggressive humor does not moderate the relationship between leader’s sense of humor, LMX and work involvement, however leader’s positive humor is an effective tool in enhancing employees’ work involvement. The study further concluded that Pakistan is high power distant country, therefore employees do not mind harsh behavior of their leader. The study also discussed limitations and future research directions.
Keywords: leader’s senses of humor, leader-member exchange (LMX), work involvement and leader’s aggressive humor.
IMRC-MS-11
THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (LIQUIDITY NEXUS RATIO) ON PROFITABILITY EVIDENCE FROM MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN (COMPARATIVE AND TREND ANALYSIS)
Naveed Khan
Department of Management science, Islamia College Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of WCM on Profitability for a sample of 30, Cement and Sugar industries that are listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). This research will expand the horizon of knowledge in comparative and analysis of manufacturing sector (Cement and sugar). In this study Panel data is used and time of the study is FY 2014 to FY 2018, Secondary data is used and sources of data were taken from financial annual report of industry, STATA software is used for Pooled Ordinary Least Square to measure the effect. In this research NPM is taken as dependent variables and WCM independent which is measured by liquidity ratio while Size of Firm is taken as control variable. The key finding of analysis shows that CR has positive and significant effect on profitability in both sectors. However CCC has negative and significant but positive and insignificant effect on profitability in both sectors. ITR has positive and insignificant effect on profitability, Size has positive and significant effect on profitability in both sectors. The final discussion comprehend that increase in CCC leads to decrease in Profitability, while decrease in CCC leads to increase in Profitability. The quicker the firm converts its assets in to liquidity the better the firm will assume profitability. It concluded that profitability can be pg. 161
enhanced if industry manager manage their working capital in a more efficient way. At last test equality of matched pairs was applied to measure the trend effect which shows that both industries have different operation, techniques and infrastructure, which has significant difference between firm variables and ITR has insignificant effect. Which show that both industries has different inventories turnover.
Keywords: Net Profit Margin, Current Ratio, Inventories Turnover Ratio, Cash Conversion Cycle, Size of Firm.
IMRC-MS-12
THE IMPACT OF IFPMA NEW CODE OF PRACTICE ON PHARMACEUTICAL MULTINATIONALS IN PAKISTAN.
1Abid Shahzad, 1Syed Gohar Abbas and 2Muhammad Wahab 1Sarhad University of Sciences and Information Technology, Peshawar
2Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan3
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Recognizing the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association’s (IFPMA) new code of practice, this paper sheds light on the pharmaceutical companies’ promotional interactions with healthcare professionals in Pakistan. The critical overview further explains the significant development of IFPMA new code of practice for interactions with healthcare professionals under the article 7 of the code. The recent development can be a paradigm shift in Pakistan for the promotional interactions either of as vulnerable to corruption or correction of the beast.
Keywords: Healthcare professional; Promotional interactions; IFPMA; WHO; DRAP.
IMRC-MS-14
THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS EFFECT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN MICROFINANCE BANKS: A STUDY OF HYDERABAD REGION
Syed Nadeem Juman Shah, Riaz Hussain Shah and Prof. Dr. Muneeruddin Soomro pg. 162
Commerce and Business Administration University of Sindh, Jamshoro
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This research paper main focused and its main purpose was to explore how risk factors impact on Microfinance Bank employee’s performance. This research based on quantitative nature and 120 closed ended Questionnaires were distributed to microfinance bank’s employees, among them 110 were returned and used for the data analysis process. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS Software Version 23 with the help of a risk management checklist. Its main research finding shows the empirical analysis of various risk factors that are affecting microfinance bank’s employee’s performance. Conclusion provided information that risk factors not focused on risk management due to these microfinance bank employees facing such risks (Hazard Risk, Financial Risk, Safety Risk, Operational Risk, and Financial Risk) during their job period and performance. I recommended that this research was limited in the Hyderabad region, its research may be conducted in other regions of Sindh as well as other provenance of Pakistan with the same factor with increasing sample size.
Key Words: Risk Management, Microfinance Banks, Employee Performance, Hyderabad Region
IMRC-MS-15
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, JOB COMMITMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM AMONG NURSES IN HEALTH CARE SETTINGS
1Dr. Afsheen Masood, 2Arooj Arshad, 2M. Sulman and 2Sajida Awais
1Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore
2University of Lahore
3 University of Central Punjab, Lahore.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The nursing job in most health care settings is task-oriented and physicians centered. In Pakistan, organizational structure of most of the hospitals clashes with the practice of professional commitments of nursing that ultimately affects adverse patient outcomes. Idyllically the nurses must be autonomous enough to operate in the best fervor and zest of their specialized knowledge and expertise for which they are trained for many years during their academic pursuits but unfortunately the bureaucratic set ups in hospitals make them vulnerable to poor organizational cultures that is likely to reduce their job commitment, professionalism and job satisfaction. Although personal attributes may also pay significant role still culture based factors are pivotal. Personal investment theory was used as the conceptual framework in current study as this theory has the knack for pg. 163
amalgamating the environmental and personal contexts. This was hypothesized that organizational culture, job commitment and professionalism are likely to be associated and perceived organizational culture is likely to predict the job commitment and professionalism among nurses. Non probability sampling technique was used to collect the data from nurses of various hospitals of Lahore. Standardized instruments were used for data analysis that was undertaken through SPSS version 23.00. Multiple regression analyses showed that organizational culture predicted over 36% variance in job commitment and 27% variance in nursing professionalism. Thus in order to improve the dynamics of better health care of patients by nurses, the role of hospital environment featuring a strong organizational culture has been highlighted in the current insightful research.
Keywords: Job Commitment; Nursing; Organizational Culture; Professionalism
IMRC-MS-16
RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION. A RITICAL ANALYSIS OF AKRSP COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT
CDD APPROACH IN CHITRAL
1Bahar Ahmadand2Umar Hayat
1Program Officer Sarhad Rural Support Programme, Swat
2Department of Economics and Dev. Studies, University of Swat
Abstract
Three quarters of the world poor are living in rural areas. Over the past decades the community driven development (CDD) approach has been used by many national and international organizations and governments as key operational strategy for sustainable rural development. (World Bank) One of the pioneer development organization working with CDD approach is AKRSP. The key development strategy of AKRSP is based on social capital formation for rural development. The study aims at understanding the effectiveness of the CDD approach of AKRSP. The study also critically analyzes the factors which adversely affecting the effectiveness of the program. The Study argued that social capital formation is the main vehicle for developing transparency, accountability, and community empowerment. The study also reveals that AKRSP social capital formation model is effective but there are also factors which adversely affecting the effectiveness of the programme. Some of the key factors, adversely affecting the effectiveness are, lack of continuous interaction of AKRSP with community V/WO, Lack of formal byelaws and legal entity of V/WOs, duplication of V/WOs in a same village. The study recommends continuous interactions, social and financial audit of V/WOs.In the article an overview of social capital formation, its role in development, challenges faced and a vision for the future has been presented in a logical fashion.
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Keywords: Social Capital Formation, CDD, AKRSP, Community empowerment
IMRC-MS-17
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND SMES PERFORMANCE IN PESHAWAR
Inam Ud Din
Business Administration, Sarhad University of Science & IT Peshawar
Email:[email protected]
Abstract
The Government stands up with policies that can stimulate and boost up the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. Numerous Government support programs are launched to create appropriate environment and facilitate the SMEs to perform more actively in the development of country economy. On the other hand, regardless of the government support policies the number of SMEs failure increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Government financial support policies on the performance of SMEs in Peshawar City of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Questionnaire is used to collect data from respondents through simple random sampling technique. Out of 250 questionnaires 237 returned back and found correct for analysis. SPSS software is used in the study for data analysis where descriptive statistics and regression analysis is used. According the result of the study financial support from Government side has positive effect on the performance of SMEs in Peshawar. The study further recommended more financial assistance and favorable policies for the better performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Keywords: Government Support, SMEs, Financial Performance
IMRC-MS-19
THE TIRING JOURNEY FROM MDGs TO THE SDGs, AND WAY OFF Zill-i-Jannat, Sarhad University of Information Technology, Peshawar
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Abstract Pakistan signed the MDGs declaration but have we been able to meet all these targets on time? The paper presents a critical analysis. Pakistan dependence on financial inflows today with implementation of Sustainable Development Goals on the anvil, have amplified. Consequently further resumption of the same goals with some additional ones as SDGs, from 2015 to 2030 means another 15 years backbreaking journey to undertake. The reminiscences of the past voyage still saddens us because the country had to cope up with the abominable earthquake of 2005, the flash floods of 2010, which retarded growth and reversed social indicators, some of which still need to be pulled alongside the SDGs. At the sustainable development summit held in September 2015 all the UN member states decided to follow the SDG agenda 2030 for eradicating poverty, counter climate change effects, strengthen peace and justice, etc with 17 goals in all. Pakistan adopted the sustainable development agenda in February 2016 to be absorbed in our policies, localized and mainstreamed into the planning cycle. The main SDG priorities focus upon climate change, water & food scarcity, trade, better livelihoods, inequality, innovation, infrastructure development, sustainable consumption, peace and justice, however source of funding has not been spelt out neither internationally (by not fulfilling promise on goal 8 for offering financial support) nor domestically. Theory building or hypothesis testing is not required as it’s a research based on judgment method. Consultant research, reports of the government departments, telephone interviews as time is very short would be undertaken. Besides I will gather information on focused group discussions, panels and bring all the effort under one umbrella, a thorough evaluation of the MDGs in Pakistan and SDGs future, as the main objective of my paper.
Keywords: MDGs, SDGs, WAY OFF, Reminiscences,Backbreaking
IMRC-MS-20
MARKET LIQUIDITY, MONETARY VARIABLES AND STOCK RETURNS IN PAKISTAN
Amber Rani
Department of Management Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Objectives/Purpose: Theoretically stock returns are sensitive towards financial asset liquidity and monetary variables, however, empirical investigation gives mixed results to prove this sensitivity. Therefore, the question of relationship between monetary variables and market liquidity with stock returns remains a debatable concern for decades. The aim of this paper is to investigate theoretical and empirical aspects of the interlink age between market liquidity, monetary variables and stock returns in Pakistan. pg. 166
Method:The regression analysis technique is used for data analysis. The specific model is rooted into Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) for capturing the effects of liquidity and monetary variables on stock returns. For investigation purpose, stock returns, market liquidity, money supply M2 and interest rate are used as study variables. This study used the monthly secondary data for period of 2008 to 2018. All firms listed on PSE considered for stock returns and market liquidity data expect those which have been delisted from PSE.
Results: The calculated results are consistence with the pervious literature. Market liquidity showed negative and significant relation with stock market while monetary variables indicated positive results with stock returns in presence of market liquidity.
Conclusion: This study concluded that market liquidity is more sensitive towards the monetary variables. Moreover, increase in money supply and decrease in interest rate make stocks/shares more attractive investment option for investor. However, this change makes stocks more illiquid in emerging markets like Pakistan, which cause a negative relationship between stock returns and market liquidity.
Keywords: market liquidity, monetary variables, stock returns, monetary system, emerging market.
IMRC-MS-21
KNOWLEDGE SHARING CULTURE INFLUENCES ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT. THE MEDITATING ROLE OF PAY SATISFACTION
Dr. Naveed Farooqand Dr. Muhammad Tufail
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Public sector universities are preliminary knowledge intensive and to stunt their information, effective knowledge sharing among faculty is required. We focus on the faculty of public sector universities that share or limit knowledge sharing interdepartmentally. Determining which factors promote, influence or impede the sharing of knowledge in institutions constitute important avenues for exploration. This paper focuses on three such influences; “knowledge sharing,” “organizational commitment,” and the role of “pay satisfaction” between knowledge sharing and organizational commitment. In this regard, a conceptual model was developed in which pay satisfaction serves as mediator between knowledge sharing and organizational commitment among faculty members. Data determining the above mentioned variables was collected from 300 faculty members through standardized questionnaires. Data analysis revealed that knowledge sharing has positive impact on organizational commitment and on pay satisfaction. Furthermore, pay satisfaction mediated the relation between knowledge sharing and organizational commitment. This study recommends a knowledge sharing culture through pay
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satisfaction to maintain and enhance level of commitment among faculty. As knowledge sharing enable better and faster decision making, reduces the loss of know-how, and stimulate innovation and growth.
Key words: knowledge sharing; organizational commitment; pay satisfaction; Public Sector University
IMRC-MS-22
IMPACT OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHIC ON JOB PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE MEDIATORY ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR, INNOVATIVE CAPABILITY AND JOB STRESS IN PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA - PAKISTAN Sajjad Ali Khan, Dr. Wali Rahman
Sarhad University of Science and Technology Peshawar
Abstract
The paper studies the relationship of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Job Performance, Innovative Capability and Job Stress under a single framework in the Public sector Bank of Khyber Pakhtonkhwa (KP). It also examines the mediating effect of OCB, Innovative Capability and Job Stress in between IWE and Job Performance. Data was collected from 330 respondents with the help of structure questionnaire in which the items were adapted from already developed instruments by well-known researcher with sound validity and reliability. Collected data was analyzed with the help of AMOS. Finding of the present study shows that IWE positively and significant effect OCB, Job Performance and Innovative Capability but Job stress was negatively associated with IWE and Job Performance. Study also reveals the mediating effect of OCB and Innovative Capability between IWE and Job Performance such that for higher IWE, OCB and Innovative Capability the Job Performance is higher. On the contrary, Job stress act as mediator between IWE and Job Performance such that for higher IWE the Job Stress is lower which results into higher Job Performance. The finding of the study have a number of implications for the organizations, practitioners and academicians to foster IWE, OCB and Innovative Capability and to reduce Job stress, to maximize Job performance. The finding of this study is limited to the Public sector banks of KP so the generalizability of the study is limited to the banking sector only due to its own style of functioning, culture and environment. The role of demographic variables in effecting the relationship among the variables of study has not been considered for this study. Further research may be carried out on the variables of workforce deviant behavior, Organization politics, job engagement, organization culture, emotional well-being, organizational performance and locus of control in relationship with IWE. Platform should be provided for the top management and employees in the form of regular training and seminar on the propagation of Islamic ethical values and its amalgamation with work to ensure OCB, innovative capability among them. These values will make a work force which is mandatory for the sustainable competitive advantage of the organizations in long run. The study enhanced our understanding on the impact of IWE on the OCB, Innovative Capability, Job Stress and Job performance in the context of Public sector Banks of KP. The findings and methodology used in the study is original and unique in its nature.
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