Third National Safety Conference 18-19 February 2017, Roorkee,

EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF ON THE 2011 GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE

Nobuyuki Ichihara Tatsuo Kunieda Kentaro Kido

Japan Water Agency (JWA)

Incorporated Administrative Agency Japan Water Agency Incorporated Administrative Agency Contents Japan Water Agency

1. Emergency Response of JWA on the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

2. Safety Evaluation of JWA Dams after the Earthquake

3. Latest Achievement in India by JWA

4. Conclusions

2 Incorporated Administrative Agency Japan Water Agency

1. Emergency Response of JWA on the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

3 Incorporated Administrative Agency The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Japan Water Agency

2:46 pm 11 March 2011 Seismic Intensity * Mw=9.0Mw=9.0 7 Upper 6 Naramata Dam (JWA) Lower 6 Kusaki Dam Upper 5 (JWA) Lower 5 Epicenter 4 3 2 Tokyo Source: 1 Tone River Basin Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) * in JMA scale Ara River Basin Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 4 Incorporated Administrative Agency JWA’s Emergency Headquarter Japan Water Agency 11th March 2011 2:46pm Earthquake 2:48pm Investigation Started 2:50pm Set up the EOC 12th March 2011 Board for latest Real-time 7:30pm Decision on information Monitoring rehabilitation

Prompt Information of President the status of Dam is required

Emergency Operation Center at JWA HQ on 11 March 2011 5 Incorporated Administrative Agency Dam Safety Inspection Scheme Japan Water Agency Usual Inspection  Daily  Monthly  Yearly

Extraordinary Inspection Inspection by  After flood hit Dam Owner Dam Safety  After earthquake Inspection in occurred Japan Comprehensive Inspection Every 30 years

Inspection by Periodic Inspection External Specialist  Every 3 years 6 Incorporated Administrative Agency Extraordinary inspection aftermath of great Japan Water Agency earthquake Under 4 Seismic 5 lower and over intensity 4 Acceleration at Over 25 2 dam foundation cm/s Under 25 cm/s2 Quick check Quick check within 1 h

First check First check within 3 hrs JWA HQ Second check Second check within 24 hrs MLIT Detailed check within 3 days Cabinet End

No problems on safety in all JWA’s dams 7 Incorporated Administrative Agency Japan Water Agency

2. Safety Evaluation of JWA Dams after the Earthquake

8 Incorporated Administrative Agency Safety Evaluation of Dams Japan Water Agency based on Long-term Monitoring  Kusaki Dam (JWA, Gravity, H=140m) Situated 354 km from the epicenter Max. acceleration of dam base=77 cm2/s (upstream/downstream)

No damage in the dam body and草木ダム facilities

) 80 460 ) ℃ Water Water

60 440 m 40 420

20 400 貯水位(EL.m) 気温 0 380 貯水位 (EL. Level

外気温（℃) -20 360

Temperature ( Temperature 200 2011 Great East 東北地方太平洋沖地震

H4.1.1 H9.1.1 Japan Earthquake S52.1.1 S57.1.1 S62.1.1 H14.1.1 H19.1.1 150

100 全漏水

漏水量（L/min) 50

Total Leakage (L/min) Leakage Total 0 2 0 1 1 全漏水量 (L3含まない）1 1 1977/1/1 1982/1/1 1987/1/1 1992/1/1 1997/1/1 2002/1/1 2007/1/1 Change of leakage from the beginning of the first impounding 9 Incorporated Administrative Agency Safety Evaluation of Dams based on Long- Japan Water Agency term Monitoring 草木ダム Leakage amount after the

) 80 460 Earthquake is small enough ℃ 60 440 compared to that in the first

40 420 m) (EL. impounding.

20 400 貯 水 位 (EL.m ) 気温 2011 Great East 0 380 貯水位 Japan Earthquake

外 気 温-20 （℃ ) 360 Temperature ( Temperature 2011 Great East Japan 11Mar.2011 12Mar.2011

200 Level Water Effect of joint opening 東北地方太平洋沖地震 3/11Earthquake H 22.1.1 due to temp.H 22.7.1 down H 23.1.1 H 23.7.1 150

100 Effect of water 全漏水 level increase Leakage (L/min) Leakage 漏 水 量 （L /m50 in)

Water level (EL.m) level Water First Total Impounding 0 1977-1978 全漏水量 (L3含まない） 10 2010/1/1 2010/7/1 2011/1/1 2011/7/1 Impact of the earthquake is not large compared Total leakage (L/min) to the effects of seasonal changes. 10 Incorporated Administrative Agency Safety Evaluation of Dams Japan Water Agency based on Long-term Monitoring  Naramata Dam (JWA, Rockfill, H=158m) Max. acceleration of dam base=7 cm2/s (upstream/downstream) No damage in the dam body and facilities 900 200

850 150 貯水位Reservoir

貯水位(EL.m) 800 water level 100 Daily日雨量

Reservoir Reservoir water level (EL.m) Rainfall 750 50 Daily Daily Rainfall(mm) 700 0 日雨量（mm） 300 2011 Great East Japan 88/1/1 93/1/1 98/1/1 03/1/1 08/1/1 Earthquake PW1 200 Increase of Seepage 116→141liter/min

Seepage Seepage (L/min.) 100 浸透量（L/min) Seepage volume right after the Earthquake was kept within the regular trend. 0 2011

88/1/1 93/1/1 98/1/1 03/1/1 08/1/1 11 Incorporated Administrative Agency Comparison to the Precedents in Past Japan Water Agency Earthquakes ICOLD Bulletin 166 (2016)  Variation of leakage/seepage can be experienced at very long distances from large earthquakes.  Leakage/seepage and pore pressures often change as a result of ground shaking. Usually they increase after an earthquake.  In most cases the increase is only temporary and will decrease or become stable over time, and it may last from several days to a few years until a stable condition is reached.

Changes in the leakage/seepage of the Kusaki Dam and the Naramata Dam in the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake showed the same tendency.

12 Incorporated Administrative Agency Japan Water Agency

3. Latest Achievement in India by JWA

13 Incorporated Administrative Agency Preparation for Seismic Event Japan Water Agency  Field Drill at Ichari Dam, on 18 Oct. 2016

Assumed Earthquake M 7.4 at Uttarkashi

Ichari Dam

UJVN- Inspection of Civil / Mech. / E&T facilities Dakpathar

UJVN- HQ

Central Water Commission 14 15 16

Please visit The World Bank Site ! Incorporated Administrative Agency Japan Water Agency

4. Conclusions

17 Incorporated Administrative Agency Conclusions Japan Water Agency Key for success on emergency operation Preparedness before the disaster Organizational governance on decision making Implementation after the disaster

• Capacity development and raising awareness on risk management • Grasp of the normal state of the facility

Thank you for your attention. 18