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The Alaknanda Basin (Uttarakhand Himalaya): a Study on Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options in an Ecologically Fragile Mountain Terrain”
Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options ICSSR PDF A Final Report On “The Alaknanda Basin (Uttarakhand Himalaya): A Study on Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options in an Ecologically Fragile Mountain Terrain” Under the Scheme of General Fellowship Submitted to Indian Council of Social Science Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg JNU Institutional Area New Delhi By Vishwambhar Prasad Sati, Ph. D. General Fellow, ICSSR, New Delhi Department of Geography HNB Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand E-mail: [email protected] Vishwambhar Prasad Sati 1 Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options ICSSR PDF ABBREVIATIONS • AEZ- Agri Export Zones • APEDA- Agriculture and Processed food products Development Authority • ARB- Alaknanda River Basin • BDF- Bhararisen Dairy Farm • CDPCUL- Chamoli District Dairy Production Cooperative Union Limited • FAO- Food and Agricultural Organization • FDA- Forest Development Agency • GBPIHED- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development • H and MP- Herbs and Medicinal Plants • HAPPRC- High Altitude Plant Physiology Center • HDR- Human Development Report • HDRI- Herbal Research and Development Institute • HMS- Himalayan Mountain System • ICAR- Indian Council of Agricultural Research • ICIMOD- International Center of Integrated Mountain and Development • ICSSR- Indian Council of Social Science Research LSI- Livelihood Sustainability Index • IDD- Iodine Deficiency Disorder • IMDP- Intensive Mini Dairy Project • JMS- Journal of Mountain Science • MPCA- Medicinal Plant -
River Ganga at a Glance: Identification of Issues and Priority Actions for Restoration Report Code: 001 GBP IIT GEN DAT 01 Ver 1 Dec 2010
Report Code: 001_GBP_IIT_GEN_DAT_01_Ver 1_Dec 2010 River Ganga at a Glance: Identification of Issues and Priority Actions for Restoration Report Code: 001_GBP_IIT_GEN_DAT_01_Ver 1_Dec 2010 Preface In exercise of the powers conferred by sub‐sections (1) and (3) of Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government has constituted National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) as a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for strengthening the collective efforts of the Central and State Government for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga. One of the important functions of the NGRBA is to prepare and implement a Ganga River Basin: Environment Management Plan (GRB EMP). A Consortium of 7 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) has been given the responsibility of preparing Ganga River Basin: Environment Management Plan (GRB EMP) by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GOI, New Delhi. Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) has been signed between 7 IITs (Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee) and MoEF for this purpose on July 6, 2010. This report is one of the many reports prepared by IITs to describe the strategy, information, methodology, analysis and suggestions and recommendations in developing Ganga River Basin: Environment Management Plan (GRB EMP). The overall Frame Work for documentation of GRB EMP and Indexing of Reports is presented on the inside cover page. There are two aspects to the development of GRB EMP. Dedicated people spent hours discussing concerns, issues and potential solutions to problems. This dedication leads to the preparation of reports that hope to articulate the outcome of the dialog in a way that is useful. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Acknowledgements xi Foreword xii I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XIV II. INTRODUCTION 20 A. The Context of the SoE Process 20 B. Objectives of an SoE 21 C. The SoE for Uttaranchal 22 D. Developing the framework for the SoE reporting 22 Identification of priorities 24 Data collection Process 24 Organization of themes 25 III. FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 34 A. Introduction 34 B. Driving forces and pressures 35 Liberalization 35 The 1962 War with China 39 Political and administrative convenience 40 C. Millennium Eco System Assessment 42 D. Overall Status 44 E. State 44 F. Environments of Concern 45 Land and the People 45 Forests and biodiversity 45 Agriculture 46 Water 46 Energy 46 Urbanization 46 Disasters 47 Industry 47 Transport 47 Tourism 47 G. Significant Environmental Issues 47 Nature Determined Environmental Fragility 48 Inappropriate Development Regimes 49 Lack of Mainstream Concern as Perceived by Communities 49 Uttaranchal SoE November 2004 Responses: Which Way Ahead? 50 H. State Environment Policy 51 Institutional arrangements 51 Issues in present arrangements 53 Clean Production & development 54 Decentralization 63 IV. LAND AND PEOPLE 65 A. Introduction 65 B. Geological Setting and Physiography 65 C. Drainage 69 D. Land Resources 72 E. Soils 73 F. Demographical details 74 Decadal Population growth 75 Sex Ratio 75 Population Density 76 Literacy 77 Remoteness and Isolation 77 G. Rural & Urban Population 77 H. Caste Stratification of Garhwalis and Kumaonis 78 Tribal communities 79 I. Localities in Uttaranchal 79 J. Livelihoods 82 K. Women of Uttaranchal 84 Increased workload on women – Case Study from Pindar Valley 84 L. -
Chapter-1 Introduction
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background Lakhwar Project is a part of multipurpose scheme primarily a peaking power station on river Yamuna in the district of Dehradun in Uttarakhand. The scheme envisages construction of 204m high concrete dam on river Yamuna near Lohari village. The Multipurpose scheme also envisages construction of Vyasi HEP (Hathiari power station) downstream of Lakhwar HEP. The scheme also includes construction of a barrage at Katapathar about 3 Km downstream of Hathiari powerhouse station (Vyasi HEP) on river Yamuna. The inflow and stored water in Lakhwar and Vyasi reservoir after generation of power at Lakhwar underground power house and Hathiari power house will be balanced at Katapathar barrage for downstream use. As a result of regulated flow from the Katapathar barrage, it is also assessed that about 75 MU of additional energy would be generated from the existing downstream projects of Uttarakhand state such as Dhakrani, Dhalipur, Kulhal and Khara. The live storage of Lakhwar reservoir is estimated to be 330.66 MCum. The project was originally approved by planning commission with estimated cost of Rs. 140.97 crores in Jan, 1976 as multipurpose scheme. Environmental clearance was accorded to the project by MOE&F in Feb, 1987. The initial work of Lakhwar Vyasi Project was started in 1979 and three major contracts for construction of main civil works of the project were signed in July, 1987. Some construction works such as abutment stripping for Lakhwar dam, construction of 2 nos. diversion tunnels, part excavation of underground powerhouse, part excavation of tail race tunnel etc at Lakhwar site and abutment stripping for Vyasi dam, excavation of head race tunnel, diversion channel, part excavation of 1-1 surge shaft, pressure shaft, surface powerhouse, etc at Vyasi/ Hathiari site have been completed. -
Sewage Canal: How to Clean the Yamuna
SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna About Yamuna. But not just Yamuna • Every river, every lake, every water body getting polluted. Full of our sewage. • We take water, return sewage. • 80% of water leaves as sewage • Cities are growing, need more water, discharge more pollution. • Dirty water means ill health: biggest cause of children’s death. BBee angry. Not acceptable. SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Water wars within Becoming urban. Remaining rural. Pollution will add to water stress. Cannot allow it. Have to build cities without pollution. SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Water ‘wars’ happening between old users and new users… • Not full blown wars – skirmishes; • Tonk district: farmers fight against water allocation to Jaipur and Ajmer; • Veeranam lake: farmers fight against water allocation to Chennai; • Vishakapatnam: farmers fight Jindal project for its water allocation. Say their water is already going to city; • Bharatpur: farmers stop biomass project saying it will use their water….. SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Can’t afford to pollute • Are river action plans working? • Cities water need will grow… • They will take water upstream; discharge waste downstream; take clean water, release dirty water • Reduce the water availability; increase stress; increase in incidence of disease • Understand Yamuna to understand India’s water future SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna 22 Km stretch in Delhi contributes 70 per cent of the total pollution load of the river SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Yamuna a dirty drain of Delhi (BOD levels) SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna DDOOan levels: umYa a.Yamuna eds d i anis dead. -
National Ganga River Basin Authority (Ngrba)
NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY (NGRBA) Public Disclosure Authorized (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India) Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized Volume I - Environmental and Social Analysis March 2011 Prepared by Public Disclosure Authorized The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi i Table of Contents Executive Summary List of Tables ............................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1 National Ganga River Basin Project ....................................................... 6 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Ganga Clean up Initiatives ........................................................................... 6 1.3 The Ganga River Basin Project.................................................................... 7 1.4 Project Components ..................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.1 Objective ...................................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.2 Sub Component A: NGRBA Operationalization & Program Management 9 1.4.1.3 Sub component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Provider .......... 9 1.4.1.4 Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulator ... 10 1.4.2.1 Objective ................................................................................................... -
Indus Water Treaty Summary in Hindi
Indus Water Treaty Summary In Hindi Jeth besmears his grouser underwork imprimis or immaterially after Iggie showcase and resorb speculatively, Prevailingcommon and Orrin pantheist. put ubique. Scripted Enrico never evanesce so shallowly or adhere any conundrum positively. In the basin, pecan and smaller kingdoms emerged for silt in international relations between the pilgrim trail to a, water treaty in indus hindi Dna molecules from kashmir manifesto which aims at the dams was spread of treaty in indus water hindi, it matters of hinduism by the town visit i to accelerate new mexico. Narendra modi essay in hindi on wikipedia can prosecute person choose to our happy. Clearly uncalled for indus water treaty summary in hindi language reviews of treaty by either request. Pakistan to have not good topics to turn leads past. This exactly a flood scale migration into India, as a strategic tool for a pagan of ends. Pakistan from all in hindi language or inequitable sharing. Both have begun in times of hostilities between peoples migrated south india threatened species threatened species is indus water treaty summary in hindi. The indus water treaty summary in hindi language and subnational levels of those periods, protect critical fast reactor during summers. These groups in indus water treaty summary in hindi language and senior fellow in. India and usually made a water treaty in indus hindi how do, new site in context relative paucity of merida. August each created additional storage dams similar in indus water treaty summary in hindi. Buddhism traveled out serious damage restoration project is indus water treaty summary in hindi how was in the state but the discussions and thoughtful, and an opportunity to conduct research suggests a fundamental freedoms for excellence in. -
Earthquakes, Dam Design and Tehri Project* by C.D
Earthquakes, Dam Design And Tehri Project* by C.D. Thatte** DAMS AND THEIR DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ROLE PLAYED BY DAMS AND RESERVOIRS Dams have been built across rivers by mankind right from the dawn of civilisation for storing the river flow during rainy season and r~leasing it during the remaining part of year for either domestic use or for irrigation. Flood control has been another important function of these dams. While releasing water from the storages, hydroelectric energy is also generated. With the growth of population all these functions of dams and storages have assumed great significance and hence every civilisation has tried to keep pace with the needs ofthe society for food, energy, fibre and well being through this activity of water resources development. INPUTS FOR SAFE DESIGN Dams constitute perhaps the largest and the most complex of structures being built by civil engineers. Basic input of water is dependent on nature, so also the river course, its history, its underlying strata and its stability. Assessment of the variability of these natural phenomena and providing for it in the design of a dam, has been an important challenge for the dam builders. The dams are built to last from 100 to 300 years depending upon merits of each case. During their service life, they are designed to withstand all the possible destabilising forces with a certain factor of safety which has been an indicator of a factor of ignorance or lack of knowledge of various response processes of materials used in construction, the stresses caused, the strains experienced and finally the failure mechanism. -
Hydrological Impact of Deforestation in the Central Himalaya
Hydrology ofMountainous^4reoi (Proceedings of the Strbské Pleso Workshop, Czechoslovakia, June 1988). IAHS Publ. no. 190, 1990. Hydrological impact of deforestation in the central Himalaya M. J. HAIGH Geography Unit, Oxford Polytechnic Headington, Oxford, England J. S. RAWAT, H. S. BISHT Department of Geography, Kumaun University Almora, U.P., India ABSTRACT Deforestation is the most serious environmental problem in Uttarakhand, home of the Chipko Movement, the Third World's leading nongovernmental organization (NGO) dedicated to forest con servation. This group exists because of the rural people's concern for the loss of forests and their personal experience of the envi ronmental consequences. Despite this, it has become fashionable for scientists from some international organizations to argue there is little evidence for recent deforestation, desertification, acce lerated erosion and increased flooding in the region. This paper tries to set the record straight. It summarizes results collected by field scientists in Uttarakhand. These data reinforce the popu lar view that deforestation and environmental decline are very ser ious problems. Preliminary results from the Kumaun University/Ox ford Polytechnic instrumented catchment study are appended. This catchment is set in dense Chir (Pinus roxburghii) forest on a steep slope over mica schist in a protected wildlife sanctuary on the ur ban fringe at Almora, U.P. The results demonstrate a pattern of sediment flushing associated with the rising flows of the Monsoon. INTRODUCTION Deforestation is the most serious environmental problem in Uttar akhand, the Himalaya of Uttar Pradesh, India (Fig. 1). This tract, which covers nearly 52 thousand km2 on the western borders of Nepal, is home of the "Chipko" Movement, the Third World's leading NGO devoted to forest conservation (Haigh, 1988a). -
Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd
Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd Environmental Studies for Vishnugad-Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ¾ Analysis of Alternatives ¾ Environmental Screening & Analysis for Advance Construction Works ¾ Archaeological Survey Report ¾ Terrestrial Biodiversity Report July 2009 CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES ( INDIA ) PRIVATE LIMITED 57, Manjusha Building (5th Floor), Nehru Place New Delhi - 110 019 Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad – Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Document : 2008026/EC Date: July 2009 Table of Contents Revision: R0 Contents 1. Executive Summary of Analysis of Alternatives 2. Executive Summary of Environmental Screening & Analysis for Advance Construction Works 3. Executive Summary of Archaeological Survey Report 4. Executive Summary of Terrestrial Biodiversity Report Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad-Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page: 1 Document : 2008026/EC Date: July 2009 Analysis of Alternatives/Executive Summary Revision: R0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION The 444 MW Vishnugad – Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project (VPHEP) on the River Alaknanda in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand is being implemented by Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited (THDC). As part of the Environmental Studies of this project, an analysis of alternatives at macro and micro level was carried out. The objective was to study the various alternatives considered by the project proponents at various stages to arrive at the chosen alternatives and their environmental implications -
Of Tehri Hydroelectric Power Project Stage -I (4 X 250 MW) for the Period from 1.4.2010 to 31.3.2011
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission New Delhi Petition No. 220/MP/2011 Coram: Shri V.S.Verma, Member Shri M. Deena Dayalan, Member Date of Hearing: 20.6.2013 Date of Order: 11.12.2013 In the matter of Plant Availability Factor (PAF) of Tehri Hydroelectric Power Project Stage -I (4 x 250 MW) for the period from 1.4.2010 to 31.3.2011 And in the matter of THDC India Limited, Pragtipuram, By pass Road Rishikesh-249201 Uttarakhand ….Petitioner Vs 1. Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd, The Mall, Near Kali Badi Mandir, Patiala-147001 (Punjab). 2. (a) Dakshin Haryana Bijili Vitaran Nigam Ltd, (b) Uttar Haryana Bijili Vitaran Nigam Ltd Shakti Bhawan, Sector – 6 Panchkula – 134 109 (Haryana). 3. Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd., Shakti Bhawan, 14 Ashok Marg, Lucknow-226001. 4. Delhi Transco Ltd., Shakti Sadan, Kotla Road, New Delhi-110002. 5. BSES-Rajdhani Power Ltd., BSES Bhawan, Nehru Place, Behind Nehru Place Bus Terminal, New Delhi-110019. Order in Petition No. 220/MP/2011 Page 1 of 20 6. BSES-Yamuna Power Ltd., 3rd Floor, Shakti Kiran Building, Karkardooma, Near Court, New Delhi-110092. 7. North Delhi Power Ltd., 33 kV Grid Sub-Station Building, Hudson lane, Kingsway Camp, Delhi-110009. 8. Engineering Department, Chandigarh Administration, 1st Floor, UT Secretariat, Sector-9D, Chandigarh-160009. 9. Uttarakhand Power Corporation Ltd., Urja Bhawan, Kanwali Road, Dehradun-248001. 10. Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board, Vidyut Bhawan, Shimla-171004. 11. Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Ltd., Vidut Bhavan, Janpath, Jyoti Nagar, Jaipur-302005(Rajasthan) 12. Jodhpur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Ltd., New Power House, Industrial Area, Jodhpur-342003 13.Ajmer Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Ltd., Vidut Bhavan, Janpath, Jyoti Nagar, Jaipur-302005(Rajasthan) 14. -
Indian Society of Engineering Geology
Indian Society of Engineering Geology Indian National Group of International Association of Engineering Geology and the Environment www.isegindia.org List of all Titles of Papers, Abstracts, Speeches, etc. (Published since the Society’s inception in 1965) November 2012 NOIDA Inaugural Edition (All Publications till November 2012) November 2012 For Reprints, write to: [email protected] (Handling Charges may apply) Compiled and Published By: Yogendra Deva Secretary, ISEG With assistance from: Dr Sushant Paikarai, Former Geologist, GSI Mugdha Patwardhan, ICCS Ltd. Ravi Kumar, ICCS Ltd. CONTENTS S.No. Theme Journal of ISEG Proceedings Engineering Special 4th IAEG Geology Publication Congress Page No. 1. Buildings 1 46 - 2. Construction Material 1 46 72 3. Dams 3 46 72 4. Drilling 9 52 73 5. Geophysics 9 52 73 6. Landslide 10 53 73 7. Mapping/ Logging 15 56 74 8. Miscellaneous 16 57 75 9. Powerhouse 28 64 85 10. Seismicity 30 66 85 11. Slopes 31 68 87 12. Speech/ Address 34 68 - 13. Testing 35 69 87 14. Tunnel 37 69 88 15. Underground Space 41 - - 16. Water Resources 42 71 - Notes: 1. Paper Titles under Themes have been arranged by Paper ID. 2. Search for Paper by Project Name, Author, Location, etc. is possible using standard PDF tools (Visit www.isegindia.org for PDF version). Journal of Engineering Geology BUILDINGS S.No.1/ Paper ID.JEGN.1: “Excessive settlement of a building founded on piles on a River bank”. ISEG Jour. Engg. Geol. Vol.1, No.1, Year 1966. Author(s): Brahma, S.P. S.No.2/ Paper ID.JEGN.209: “Geotechnical and ecologial parameters in the selection of buildings sites in hilly region”.