Genetic Variability and Distance Between Lactuca Serriola L
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Growing Lettuce in Containers Submitted by Faye Mahaffey OSUE Brown County Master Gardener Volunteer
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Growing Lettuce in Containers Submitted by Faye Mahaffey OSUE Brown County Master Gardener Volunteer Is it too muddy to plant early vegetables in your garden? Have you ever thought about growing lettuce in a container right outside your door? According to a recent National Gardening Association newsletter, “There are few things more welcome to winter-weary gardeners than the first signs of spring in the plant world-buds swelling, asparagus tips poking through the soil, the cheerful blossoms of crocuses opening their faces to the sun. And there are few things that taste better to a vegetable gardener than the tender lettuce and greens of the season’s first homegrown salad. There is a wide variety of lettuces and greens that thrive in cool spring weather. Now is the time to sow some seeds so you can soon be enjoying that delicious first harvest.” There are many different kinds of lettuces and salad greens that are easy to grow and provide a nutritious, attractive, and tasty mix for your salad bowl. Leaf lettuces are fast growing plants that are ready for harvest in as little as 45 days, even less for a light harvest of baby leaves. You can harvest the entire plant or extend your harvest by selectively picking the outer leaves. Butterhead lettuce, also called bibb or Boston lettuce, has especially tender, succulent leaves that form a loose head. The leaves of some varieties are tinged with red. Head lettuce includes the familiar ‘Iceberg’ variety and forms a firm head of crisp, juicy leaves. -
Phd Position in Ecology and Evolutionary Botany
PhD in Biology Institut de Biologie LaborAtoire de génétique PhD position in ecology and evolutionary évolutive botany Available from February 1, 2020 INFORMATION A four-year PhD position combining ecology and evolutionary botany is available in the Laboratory of evolutionary genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. The thesis is financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) within the framework of a Sinergia project. It is directed by Prof. Jason Grant (UniNe) and co-supervised by Dr. Pierre-Emmanuel Du Pasquier (UniNe) and Dr. Beryl Laitung (Université de Bourgogne, UMR Agroécologie, DiJon, France). BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anthropic pressure may lead to the rapid and sometimes irreversible decline of botanical diversity, or on the contrary, favors the expansion of certain non-native species. In Europe, since the mid-20th century, the intensification and modernization of agricultural practices (mechanization with deep ploughing, use of herbicides, seed sorting, densification of monocultures and systematic use of certified seeds) has had an unprecedented impact on archaeophyte messicole species (crop-related species that were introduced mainly from the Middle East before the year 1500). As messicole species are generally therophytes (annual plants that spend the difficult season in the form of seeds), modernization quickly destroys seed stocks in the soil and contributes to the decline of these populations that were common until the mid-20th century. Although messicolous species are part of the floristic richness of the different countries where they are now native, they seem to have been introduced in the past by man in the form of seed since the domestication of crops from the Neolithic period (11000 to 9000 years ago). -
Report of a Working Group on Leafy Vegetables: First Meeting
European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Leafy Vegetables First Meeting, 13-14 October 2005, Olomouc, Czech Republic L. Maggioni, A. Lebeda, I. Boukema and E. Lipman, compilers IPGRI and INIBAP operate under the name Bioversity International Supported by the CGIAR European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Leafy Vegetables First Meeting, 13-14 October 2005, Olomouc, Czech Republic L. Maggioni, A. Lebeda, I. Boukema and E. Lipman, compilers ii REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON LEAFY VEGETABLES: FIRST MEETING Bioversity International is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well- being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Commodities for Livelihoods. The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2008, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. -
UNDERSTANDING 2,4-D RESISTANCE in PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca Serriola L.)
UNDERSTANDING 2,4-D RESISTANCE IN PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola L.) AND EVALUATING CHEMICAL FALLOW SYSTEMS FOR THE INLAND PNW By DILPREET SINGH RIAR A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Crop and Soil Sciences December 2009 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of DILPREET SINGH RIAR find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Joseph P. Yenish, Ph.D., Chair Daniel A. Ball, Ph.D. Kulvinder S. Gill, Ph.D. Ian C. Burke, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research was supported by the USDA-CSREES funding. I express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Joseph Yenish for providing me the opportunity to pursue my doctoral studies in Crop Science at Washington State University. His intellectual simulation, valued guidance, constructive criticism and untiring efforts throughout my graduate study were instrumental in shaping my academic career. I am grateful to my committee members, Drs. Daniel Ball, Kulvinder Gill and Ian burke for their valuable suggestions and constant help during the course of investigation and preparation of dissertation. Special thanks are due to John Nelson, Rod Rood and Larry Bennett for their technical assistance in field studies. I am grateful to my office mate Dennis Pittman for his constant help in lab. I am indebted to Dr. Devin See for allowing me to use his lab facilities. I also thank Tracy Harris for her assistance in wheat quality lab. I am grateful to Dr. Pat Fuerst for his guidance during the course of investigations. -
Design a Database of Italian Vascular Alimurgic Flora (Alimurgita): Preliminary Results
plants Article Design a Database of Italian Vascular Alimurgic Flora (AlimurgITA): Preliminary Results Bruno Paura 1,*, Piera Di Marzio 2 , Giovanni Salerno 3, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia 1 and Annarita Bufano 1 1 Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (A.B.) 2 Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; [email protected] 3 Graduate Department of Environmental Biology, University “La Sapienza”, 00100 Roma, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Despite the large number of data published in Italy on WEPs, there is no database providing a complete knowledge framework. Hence the need to design a database of the Italian alimurgic flora: AlimurgITA. Only strictly alimurgic taxa were chosen, excluding casual alien and cultivated ones. The collected data come from an archive of 358 texts (books and scientific articles) from 1918 to date, chosen with appropriate criteria. For each taxon, the part of the plant used, the method of use, the chorotype, the biological form and the regional distribution in Italy were considered. The 1103 taxa of edible flora already entered in the database equal 13.09% of Italian flora. The most widespread family is that of the Asteraceae (20.22%); the most widely used taxa are Cichorium intybus and Borago officinalis. The not homogeneous regional distribution of WEPs (maximum in the south and minimum in the north) has been interpreted. Texts published reached its peak during the 2001–2010 decade. A database for Italian WEPs is important to have a synthesis and to represent the richness and Citation: Paura, B.; Di Marzio, P.; complexity of this knowledge, also in light of its potential for cultural enhancement, as well as its Salerno, G.; Brugiapaglia, E.; Bufano, applications for the agri-food system. -
Alien Plants in Temperate Weed Communities: Prehistoric and Recent Invaders Occupy Different Habitats
Ecology, 86(3), 2005, pp. 772±785 q 2005 by the Ecological Society of America ALIEN PLANTS IN TEMPERATE WEED COMMUNITIES: PREHISTORIC AND RECENT INVADERS OCCUPY DIFFERENT HABITATS PETR PYSÏ EK,1,2,5 VOJTEÏ CH JAROSÏÂõK,1,2 MILAN CHYTRY ,3 ZDENEÏ K KROPA CÏ ,4 LUBOMÂõR TICHY ,3 AND JAN WILD1 1Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 PruÊhonice, Czech Republic 2Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, VinicÏna 7, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic 3Department of Botany, Masaryk University, KotlaÂrÏska 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic 4SlavõÂkova 16, CZ-130 00 Praha 3, Czech Republic Abstract. Variables determining the number of native and alien plants on arable land in Central Europe are identi®ed. Species richness of 698 samples of weed ¯oras recorded in the Czech Republic in plots of a standard size of 100 m2 in 1955±2000 was studied in relation to altitudinally based ¯oristic region, soil type, type of cultivated crop, climatic variables, altitude, year of the record, crop cover and height, and human population density in the region. Vascular plant species were classi®ed into native and alien, the latter divided in archaeophytes, introduced before AD 1500, and neophytes, introduced after this date. The use of minimal adequate models in the analysis of covariance allowed determination of the net effects of mutually correlated environmental variables. Models for particular species groups explained 33±48% of variation in species numbers and 27±51% in propor- tions; however, explanatory variables affected native species, archaeophytes, and neophytes differently. -
Lactuca Sativa
Botanical Files on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). On the chance for flow between wild and cultivated gene Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. including L. serriola L., Compositae) and the generalized implications for risk-assessments on genetically modified plants by 12 2 ,3 F.T.+Frietema de Vriesi R. van der Meijdeni and W.A. Brandenburg , dit onderzoek werd door het Ministerie De opdracht tot gegeven van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening & Milieu, Directoraat-Generaal Milieu, Directie Stoffen, Veiligheid, Straling. De tekst het zal in de VROM/DGM Risico- van rapport verschijnen publicatiereeks beoordeling genetisch gemodificeerde organismen. This commissioned the Netherlands of report was by Ministry Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment, Directorate General for the Environment, Directorate for Chemicals, External Safety and Radiation Protection, P. O. Box 450, 2260 MB Leidschendam, The Netherlands. It will be published in the series Risk Assessment Genetically Modified Organisms. 1) Formerly F.T. de Vries 2) Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Slate University Leiden, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 3) Centrum voor Plantenveredelings- en Reproduktieonderzoek, CPRO-DLO, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands Contents Summary 3 1. Introduction 3 2. Lactuca serriolaL. and L. serriola L. in Western 6 Historical part: Europe... Introduction 6 Terminology 6 The genus Lactuca L 7 Genetics 8 Ancestors 9 Characters 9 3. Domestication of Lettuce 11 Introduction 11 Early domestication 11 of the different of cultivated lettuce Further development groups 12 4. Field trial 13 Introduction 13 Material 15 Methods 15 Observations 16 Herbarium material 16 Photography and microscopy 16 5. Results 17 Introduction 17 Results herbarium study 17 Results field trial 17 6. -
Environmental Weeds of Coastal Plains and Heathy Forests Bioregions of Victoria Heading in Band
Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band b Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Contents Introduction 1 Purpose of the list 1 Limitations 1 Relationship to statutory lists 1 Composition of the list and assessment of taxa 2 Categories of environmental weeds 5 Arrangement of the list 5 Column 1: Botanical Name 5 Column 2: Common Name 5 Column 3: Ranking Score 5 Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 1994 5 Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 5 Column 6: National Alert Weed 5 Column 7: Weed of National Significance 5 Statistics 5 Further information & feedback 6 Your involvement 6 Links 6 Weed identification texts 6 Citation 6 Acknowledgments 6 Bibliography 6 Census reference 6 Appendix 1 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 7 Appendix 2 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 19 Appendix 3 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 31 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria i Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, March2008 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2009 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. -
Effector Identification in the Lettuce Downy Mildew Bremia Lactucae By
bs_bs_banner MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2012) 13(7), 719–731 DOI: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2011.00780.X Effector identification in the lettuce downy mildew Bremia lactucae by massively parallel transcriptome sequencing JOOST H. M. STASSEN1, MICHAEL F. SEIDL2,3, PIM W. J. VERGEER1, ISAÄC J. NIJMAN4, BEREND SNEL2,3, EDWIN CUPPEN4 AND GUIDO VAN DEN ACKERVEKEN1,3,* 1Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3508 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands 2Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3508 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands 3Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, the Netherlands 4Hubrecht Institute, Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, the Netherlands agent of the Irish potato famine, and P. ramorum, which causes SUMMARY sudden oak death. The downy mildews have a narrow host range, Lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) is a rapidly adapting for instance Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis grows only on living oomycete pathogen affecting commercial lettuce cultivation. Arabidopsis thaliana plants, Plasmopara viticola is an important Oomycetes are known to use a diverse arsenal of secreted proteins grape pathogen and Bremia lactucae is the most important patho- (effectors) to manipulate their hosts. Two classes of effector are gen of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The control of B. lactucae is an known to be translocated by the host: the RXLRs and Crinklers. To increasingly difficult task as fungicides have been phased out gain insight into the repertoire of effectors used by B. lactucae to because of environmental concerns, and fungicide resistance is manipulate its host, we performed massively parallel sequencing becoming more widespread (Brown et al., 2004). -
Non-Native Plants Add to the British Flora Without Negative Consequences for Native Diversity
Non-native plants add to the British flora without negative consequences for native diversity Chris D. Thomas1 and G. Palmer Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom Edited by James H. Brown, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, and approved February 24, 2015 (received for review December 15, 2014) Plants are commonly listed as invasive species, presuming that extinctions on centennial or millennial timescales. Introduced they cause harm at both global and regional scales. Approximately plants have certainly contributed to vegetation change in many 40% of all species listed as invasive within Britain are plants. isolated environments, such as the Hawaiian Islands and the However, invasive plants are rarely linked to the national or global ecologically distinct fynbos vegetation in South Africa (10, 20– extinction of native plant species. The possible explanation is that 22). They can also become abundant in some continental competitive exclusion takes place slowly and that invasive plants regions, and hence they have the potential to alter ecosystems will eventually eliminate native species (the “time-to-exclusion hy- and exclude native species over long periods of time (23–26). We pothesis”). Using the extensive British Countryside Survey Data, refer to the proposition that ongoing increases in the dis- we find that changes to plant occurrence and cover between 1990 tributions and abundances of non-native plants will cause long- and 2007 at 479 British sites do not differ between native and term competitive exclusion of native plant species as the “time- non-native plant species. More than 80% of the plant species that to-exclusion hypothesis”. -
Guideline 410 Prohibited Plant List
VENTURA COUNTY FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU 165 DURLEY AVENUE CAMARILLO, CA 93010 www.vcfd.org Office: 805-389-9738 Fax: 805-388-4356 GUIDELINE 410 PROHIBITED PLANT LIST This list was first published by the VCFD in 2014. It has been updated as of April 2019. It is intended to provide a list of plants and trees that are not allowed within a new required defensible space (DS) or fuel modification zone (FMZ). It is highly recommended that these plants and trees be thinned and or removed from existing DS and FMZs. In certain instances, the Fire Department may require the thinning and or removal. This list was prepared by Hunt Research Corporation and Dudek & Associates, and reviewed by Scott Franklin Consulting Co, VCFD has added some plants and has removed plants only listed due to freezing hazard. Please see notes after the list of plants. For questions regarding this list, please contact the Fire Hazard reduction Program (FHRP) Unit at 085-389-9759 or [email protected] Prohibited plant list:Botanical Name Common Name Comment* Trees Abies species Fir F Acacia species (numerous) Acacia F, I Agonis juniperina Juniper Myrtle F Araucaria species (A. heterophylla, A. Araucaria (Norfolk Island Pine, Monkey F araucana, A. bidwillii) Puzzle Tree, Bunya Bunya) Callistemon species (C. citrinus, C. rosea, C. Bottlebrush (Lemon, Rose, Weeping) F viminalis) Calocedrus decurrens Incense Cedar F Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oak F Cedrus species (C. atlantica, C. deodara) Cedar (Atlas, Deodar) F Chamaecyparis species (numerous) False Cypress F Cinnamomum camphora Camphor F Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cryptomeria F Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress F Cupressus species (C. -
DANDELION Taraxacum Officinale ERADICATE
OAK OPENINGS REGION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DANDELION Taraxacum officinale ERADICATE This Best Management Practice (BMP) document provides guidance for managing Dandelion in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio and Southeast Michigan. This BMP was developed by the Green Ribbon Initiative and its partners and uses available research and local experience to recommend environmentally safe control practices. INTRODUCTION AND IMPACTS— Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) HABITAT—Dandelion prefers full sun and moist, loamy soil but can is native to Eurasia and was likely introduced to North America many grow anywhere with 3.5-110” inches of annual precipitation, an an- times. The earliest record of Dandelion in North America comes from nual mean temperature of 40-80°F, and light. It is tolerant of salt, 1672, but it may have arrived earlier. It has been used in medicine, pollutants, thin soils, and high elevations. In the OOR Dandelion has food and beverages, and stock feed. Dandelion is now widespread been found on sand dunes, in and at the top of floodplains, near across the planet, including OH and MI. vernal pools and ponds, and along roads, ditches, and streams. While the Midwest Invasive Species Information Net- IDENTIFICATION—Habit: Perennial herb. work (MISIN) has no specific reports of Dandelion in or within 5 miles of the Oak Openings Region (OOR, green line), the USDA Plants Database reports Dan- D A delion in all 7 counties of the OOR and most neighboring counties (black stripes). Dan- delion is ubiquitous in the OOR. It has demonstrated the ability to establish and MI spread in healthy and disturbed habitats of OH T © Lynn Sosnoskie © Steven Baskauf © Chris Evans the OOR and both the wet nutrient rich soils of wet prairies and floodplains as well Leaves: Highly variable in shape, color and hairiness in response to as sandy dunes and oak savannas.