Between the Wars
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Day #50 • 3/7-8 Between the Wars A Whole Lotta Changin’ Goin’ On http://www.iamsyria.org/ Warning Signs of Genocide: http://967670192324838111.weebly.com/ Corny Jokes 1. What are twins’ favorite fruit? PEARS! 2. What is the king of all school supplies? THE RULER! 3. What do you call a flock of sheep tumbling down a hill? A LAMBSLIDE! Foreign Imperialism Inspires NATIONALIST Movements Events in China and India Lead to the Rise of Nationalism 1842 1857 1885 1900 1906 Foreign Imperialism Inspires NATIONALIST Movements Events in China and India Lead to the Rise of Nationalism Indians help the gain ; communists British in WWI Support from Chinese peasants Support Chinese from Long March Long 1911 1919 1921 1930 1934-35 Foreign Imperialism Inspires NATIONALIST Movements Events in China and India Lead to the Rise of Nationalism Using the timeline above, how would you describe the political, economic and social climate of China and India in the early 20th Century? Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Goal of Movement • End Foreign Rule Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Nationalist Leader • Sun Yixian • Overthrows the last Chinese dynasty (Qing) Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Strategy to Achieve Goal Overthrow dynasty Unite China Modernize Emperor Qianlong Empress Cixi Sun Yixian Sun Yixian and his wife Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Divisions within the Movement • Nationalists: led by corrupt Jiang Jieshi; supported by the West • Communists: led by Mao Zedong; supported by Chinese peasants Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Results of the Movement: –Overthrow of Qing monarchs in 1911 by Sun Yixian –22-year civil war • (nationalists vs. communists) –1949: China becomes communist Stand and share For China, answer the following questions: 1. What was the goal of the movement? 2. Who was the nationalist leader? 3. What strategy (or strategies) were used to achieve the goal? 4. What were the divisions within the Chinese Nationalist Movement? 5. What were the results of the movement? Ticket Out: Day #50 – On a post-it note: • Create a true false question on the Chinese Nationalist Movement. (answer on the back) Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India • Goals of the Movement –Sovereignty from Britain –Anger at Rowlatt Acts • Gov’t can jail protesters for 2 years without trial Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India Nationalist Leader CIVIL • Mohandas Gandhi: DISOBEDIENCE! •Supports non-violent resistance to weaken British mercantilism Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India Strategy to Achieve Goal: –Civil Disobedience: • Refusal to obey unjust laws. • Boycotts, protests, fasting Salt Works –Salt March- • A 24-day, 240-mile march to boycott a British salt tax; 80,000 Indians arrested Salt March- Begin at 2:30 Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India Divisions within the Movement • Indian National Congress: mostly Hindu; want sovereignty from Britain • Muslim League: Muslims distrust Hindu majority want own nation- state India Enters the 20th Century India’s Nationalism Movement • Results of the Movement –India achieves independence in 1947 –British partition India into: • Muslim Pakistan • Hindu India Assassination Funeral Where are they from? Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Reza Pahlavi Modernizes and Modernizes and Westernizes TURKEY Westernizes IRAN Nations of the Middle East Enter the 20th Century WhatTurkey doand youIran Modernizealready knowand Westernize about this region of the world? EUROPEAt the turn of the century,ASIA many places throughout the world realized that they needed to Modernize to keepTurkey up with the changing times. Two places that were very Turkey successful was IranIran and TurkeyIran AFRICA The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire When World War I began in _____,1914 the Ottoman Empire had already been in decline. They were given the nickname of “__________________The Sick Man of___________”.During Europe WWI, they joined sides with ___________Germany and Austria-Hungary. As a result, their fate was decided by the Allied Powers at the Paris__________________________. Peace Conference Ultimately, the former Ottoman Empire had two fates… 1. Turkey Established as a Nation-State 2. Remaining Ottoman Territory The Sick Man of Europe divided into Mandates The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Turkey Established as a Nation-State Who is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk? • Turkish Nationalist • Led Turkish War for Independence against foreigners • Modernized Turkey! The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Turkey Established as a Nation-State What changes did Ataturk bring to the nation-state of Turkey??The First Miss Turkey, 1929 • MODERNIZED Turkey Canadian politicalKemal cartoon Ataturk of aintroduces woman inthe new Quebec• Madereading democratic aTurkish sign that alphabet reads: based "News reformsoff the bulletin: for the first time Latinin Turkish alphabet history women will vote and be eligible to the public• Extended office in the general women’s election which rights takes place this week." Women were granted• Replaced the right to vote Sharia in Turkey inlaw 1930, withThe first secular Turkish Parliament,law 1921 but the right to vote wasIn 1935, not extended18 women wereto elected to the Turkish Laws based on Islam Non-religious women in provincialParliament elections (There Ataturkin Quebec were visiting 8 women a women’s in Congress skills in the until 1940. USAeducational at the same program time.) The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Turkey Established as a Nation-State Turkey is nearly 99% Muslim. What Ataturk has extra disdain for the Ulema. Under challengesOttoman Rule, the Ulemado wereyou known think as “the Ataturk faced learned ones” and were interpreters of law, science and medicineIn 2018, through Askanwar the lensSingh of GillIslam. was not allowed to in modernizingcompete in an International Turkey? Wrestling tournament in Turkey unless he removed his turban. The wrestler The original 1935 print of the • SECULARIZEDdecided to forfeit his matchin theinstead. face of Religious menfirst Quranmeet for in debateTurkish in a coffeetraditionallanguage, shop during ordered Ottoman byIslamic Atatürk. rule values •For much of OttomanIn the Hat history, Law of laws 1925, were Kemal in place Ataturk that placedbanned people the use into of different ranks and professions.Upsetthe Dress Turkish many codes Fez further and traditionalpromoted enforced Western peoples’ style place Muslimshats in society.instead. Toward In the end of Ottoman Rule, 1934leaders with began “the regulating law relating these to thelaws wearing to make of them 'Prohibited less strict. However, Kemal Ataturk labeledGarments’”, anyone who religious still wore garments, certain suchstyles as as the a way veil to and distinguish turban, their social status as “non-civilized”, or “backward.”were He also passed banned. laws banning certain religious garments. The Armenian Massacre/Genocide “Send to death mercilessly and withoutAn artist –Armenianscompassion, men, desired women, sovereigntyand depictionchildren of fromof Polish the derivation Ottoman and language. Empireconditions Only A deaththus march shallHUMAN we gain the living space Armenian which –Turkishwe need. Who,troops after all,killed speaks and womentoday of faced deportedthe annihilationRIGHTS 2 million of the Armenians? Armeniansduring forced through massacre, rapedeath and marches forcedVIOLATION death marches ArmenianArmenianArmenian woman housed children tortured plundered starved and and maimedand left burned to by die Peter Jennings and Armenia at an Ottomanknifeto the wounds concentration ground campWhy does Armenia hate Turkey? The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Remaining Ottoman Territory Divided into Mandates What is a mandate? • An area of land controlled by League of Nations but “overseen” by Britain and France • Found in Lebanon, Palestine/Israel, Syria, Iraq, Jordan • Divisions NOT based on ethnic/religious loyalties Sykes-Picot Agreement The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Remaining Ottoman Territory Divided into Mandates What is Pan-Arabism? Why did this movement rise after WWI? • Movement to unify all Arabs under one central gov’t • Ottoman Turks lost power • Arabs want SOVEREIGNTY Ibn Saud in 1945 with…Abd al -Aziz Ibn Saud started a campaign to unify Arabia. He founded ??? Saudi Arabia. He modernized much of its technology but only as far to not interfere with Islamic tradition The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Remaining Ottoman Territory Divided into Mandates The British Mandate of Palestine • Zionism: movement started by Theodore Herzl in 1898 to establish a Jewish nation-state in Palestine • British turn Palestine into a mandate promise Zionists their support (Balfour Declaration) What is a Jew? The Results of World War I • Women’s Suffrage Movement: Women in Great Britain gained the right to vote in 1918. World War I ended in 1918. Is this a coincidence? Explain. Suffragette – Suffrage? force-fed with • Right to Vote a nasal tube – More women working during hunger • (**playedHECK a huge role on the home front during WWI** ) = strike in • DESIRE FOR MORE POWERLondon (voting, jail, paycheck) 1913 – WomenEmmeline were jailed,Pankhurst led hunger arrested strikes and Suffragette Movie outside Buckingham Palace, 1913 Suffragette: used violence to achieve goal 27:30- protest turned violent NO 44:00- Pankhurst speech 1:08- 1:21: adoption, jail Emily Davison 1:27-1:33 Darby Day 1:36- Funeral Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles • Who were the major players?