Day #50
• 3/7-8 Between the Wars
A Whole Lotta Changin’ Goin’ On
http://www.iamsyria.org/
Warning Signs of Genocide:
http://967670192324838111.weebly.com/ Corny Jokes
1. What are twins’ favorite fruit? PEARS! 2. What is the king of all school supplies? THE RULER! 3. What do you call a flock of sheep tumbling down a hill? A LAMBSLIDE! Foreign Imperialism Inspires NATIONALIST Movements Events in China and India Lead to the Rise of Nationalism
1842 1857 1885 1900 1906 Foreign Imperialism Inspires NATIONALIST Movements Events in China and India Lead to the Rise of Nationalism
Indians help the gain communists ;
British in WWI
Support from Chinese peasants Support Chinese from Long March Long
1911 1919 1921 1930 1934-35 Foreign Imperialism Inspires NATIONALIST Movements Events in China and India Lead to the Rise of Nationalism
Using the timeline above, how would you describe the political, economic and social climate of China and India in the early 20th Century? Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Goal of Movement • End Foreign Rule Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China
Nationalist Leader • Sun Yixian • Overthrows the last Chinese dynasty (Qing) Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Strategy to Achieve Goal Overthrow dynasty Unite China Modernize
Emperor Qianlong Empress Cixi Sun Yixian Sun Yixian and his wife Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China Divisions within the Movement • Nationalists: led by corrupt Jiang Jieshi; supported by the West • Communists: led by Mao Zedong; supported by Chinese peasants Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence China
Results of the Movement: –Overthrow of Qing monarchs in 1911 by Sun Yixian –22-year civil war • (nationalists vs. communists) –1949: China becomes communist Stand and share
For China, answer the following questions: 1. What was the goal of the movement? 2. Who was the nationalist leader? 3. What strategy (or strategies) were used to achieve the goal? 4. What were the divisions within the Chinese Nationalist Movement? 5. What were the results of the movement? Ticket Out: Day #50
– On a post-it note: • Create a true false question on the Chinese Nationalist Movement. (answer on the back) Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India • Goals of the Movement –Sovereignty from Britain –Anger at Rowlatt Acts • Gov’t can jail protesters for 2 years without trial Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India Nationalist Leader CIVIL • Mohandas Gandhi: DISOBEDIENCE! •Supports non-violent resistance to weaken British mercantilism Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India Strategy to Achieve Goal: –Civil Disobedience: • Refusal to obey unjust laws.
• Boycotts, protests, fasting Salt Works –Salt March- • A 24-day, 240-mile march to boycott a British salt tax; 80,000 Indians arrested Salt March- Begin at 2:30 Nationalists Respond to Foreign Influence India Divisions within the Movement • Indian National Congress: mostly Hindu; want sovereignty from Britain • Muslim League: Muslims distrust Hindu majority want own nation- state India Enters the 20th Century India’s Nationalism Movement • Results of the Movement –India achieves independence in 1947 –British partition India into: • Muslim Pakistan • Hindu India
Assassination
Funeral Where are they from?
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Reza Pahlavi Modernizes and Modernizes and Westernizes TURKEY Westernizes IRAN Nations of the Middle East Enter the 20th Century WhatTurkey doand youIran Modernizealready knowand Westernize about this region of the world? EUROPEAt the turn of the century,ASIA many places throughout the world realized that they needed to Modernize to keepTurkey up with the changing times. Two places that were very Turkey successful was IranIran and TurkeyIran AFRICA The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire
When World War I began in _____,1914 the Ottoman Empire had already been in decline. They were given the nickname of “______The Sick Man of______”.During Europe WWI, they joined sides with ______Germany and Austria-Hungary. As a result, their fate was decided by the Allied Powers at the Paris______. Peace Conference Ultimately, the former Ottoman Empire had two fates… 1. Turkey Established as a Nation-State 2. Remaining Ottoman Territory
The Sick Man of Europe divided into Mandates The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Turkey Established as a Nation-State
Who is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk? • Turkish Nationalist • Led Turkish War for Independence against foreigners • Modernized Turkey! The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Turkey Established as a Nation-State
What changes did Ataturk bring to the nation-state of Turkey??The First Miss Turkey, 1929 • MODERNIZED Turkey Canadian politicalKemal cartoon Ataturk of aintroduces woman inthe new Quebec• Madereading democratic aTurkish sign that alphabet reads: based "News reformsoff the bulletin: for the first time Latinin Turkish alphabet history women will vote and be eligible to the public• Extended office in the general women’s election which rights takes place this week." Women were granted• Replaced the right to vote Sharia in Turkey inlaw 1930, withThe first secular Turkish Parliament,law 1921 but the right to vote wasIn 1935, not extended18 women wereto elected to the Turkish Laws based on Islam Non-religious women in provincialParliament elections (There Ataturkin Quebec were visiting 8 women a women’s in Congress skills in the until 1940. USAeducational at the same program time.) The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Turkey Established as a Nation-State
Turkey is nearly 99% Muslim. What Ataturk has extra disdain for the Ulema. Under challengesOttoman Rule, the Ulemado wereyou known think as “the Ataturk faced learned ones” and were interpreters of law, science and medicineIn 2018, through Askanwar the lensSingh of GillIslam. was not allowed to in modernizingcompete in an International Turkey? Wrestling tournament in Turkey unless he removed his turban. The wrestler The original 1935 print of the • SECULARIZEDdecided to forfeit his matchin theinstead. face of Religious menfirst Quranmeet for in debateTurkish in a coffeetraditionallanguage, shop during ordered Ottoman byIslamic Atatürk. rule values •For much of OttomanIn the Hat history, Law of laws 1925, were Kemal in place Ataturk that placedbanned people the use into of different ranks and professions.Upsetthe Dress Turkish many codes Fez further and traditionalpromoted enforced Western peoples’ style place Muslimshats in society.instead. Toward In the end of Ottoman Rule, 1934leaders with began “the regulating law relating these to thelaws wearing to make of them 'Prohibited less strict. However, Kemal Ataturk labeledGarments’”, anyone who religious still wore garments, certain suchstyles as as the a way veil to and distinguish turban, their social status as “non-civilized”, or “backward.”were He also passed banned. laws banning certain religious garments. The Armenian Massacre/Genocide
“Send to death mercilessly and withoutAn artist –Armenianscompassion, men, desired women, sovereigntyand depictionchildren of fromof Polish the derivation Ottoman and language. Empireconditions Only A deaththus march shallHUMAN we gain the living space Armenian which –Turkishwe need. Who,troops after all,killed speaks and womentoday of faced deportedthe annihilationRIGHTS 2 million of the Armenians? Armeniansduring forced through massacre, rapedeath and marches forcedVIOLATION death marches ArmenianArmenianArmenian woman housed children tortured plundered starved and and maimedand left burned to by die Peter Jennings and Armenia at an Ottomanknifeto the wounds concentration ground campWhy does Armenia hate Turkey? The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Remaining Ottoman Territory Divided into Mandates What is a mandate? • An area of land controlled by League of Nations but “overseen” by Britain and France • Found in Lebanon, Palestine/Israel, Syria, Iraq, Jordan • Divisions NOT based on ethnic/religious loyalties Sykes-Picot Agreement The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Remaining Ottoman Territory Divided into Mandates What is Pan-Arabism? Why did this movement rise after WWI? • Movement to unify all Arabs under one central gov’t • Ottoman Turks lost power • Arabs want SOVEREIGNTY
Ibn Saud in 1945 with…Abd al -Aziz Ibn Saud started a campaign to unify Arabia. He founded ??? Saudi Arabia. He modernized much of its technology but only as far to not interfere with Islamic tradition The Fate of the Former Ottoman Empire Remaining Ottoman Territory Divided into Mandates The British Mandate of Palestine • Zionism: movement started by Theodore Herzl in 1898 to establish a Jewish nation-state in Palestine • British turn Palestine into a mandate promise Zionists their support (Balfour Declaration)
What is a Jew? The Results of World War I • Women’s Suffrage Movement: Women in Great Britain gained the right to vote in 1918. World War I ended in 1918. Is this a coincidence? Explain. Suffragette – Suffrage? force-fed with • Right to Vote a nasal tube – More women working during hunger • (**playedHECK a huge role on the home front during WWI** ) = strike in • DESIRE FOR MORE POWERLondon (voting, jail, paycheck) 1913 – WomenEmmeline were jailed,Pankhurst led hunger arrested strikes and Suffragette Movie outside Buckingham Palace, 1913 Suffragette: used violence to achieve goal 27:30- protest turned violent NO 44:00- Pankhurst speech 1:08- 1:21: adoption, jail Emily Davison 1:27-1:33 Darby Day 1:36- Funeral Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles
• Who were the major players? 1. USA – Woodrow Wilson 2. France- Clemenceau 3. Great Britain- Lloyd George 3 ½. Italy- Orlando
Treaty of Versailles Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles The League of Nations • What was the League of Nations and its purpose? A group of 40 countries that united in hopes of preventing war through diplomacy Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles The League of Nations • Who did NOT join the League of Nations? – USA! Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles The League of Nations • Who was purposely excluded?
– Germany! To slow or prevent • Why would this hinder peace? –Left Germany angry –Did not give Germany any role in helping to prevent war
Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s Fourteen Points and Self-Determination 1. What is self-determination and what role did it play in starting WWI? The Balkans! –Belief that –Nations in Eastern nations have Europe killed their the right to leader in hopes of their own state gaining sovereignty Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s Fourteen Points and Self-Determination
• What happened to Austria- Hungary and the Ottoman Empire after WWI? –Gone! Divided into sovereign nation-states Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s Fourteen Points and Self-Determination
• What new nation-states were created after WWI? ParisUSA: Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles Great $22.6 Britain: • Howbillion to punish Germany? A total of… $35.3 billion 1. WAR GUILT- Germany must accept132 full BILLIONresponsibility for WWI
Down2. withGermany the ViolentMARKS!!! loses extensive territory 3. GermanyPeace forced to reduce size of Russia: GermanyFrance: Lost: Or…$400 billion100% of pre-war colonies military 80% of pre-war fleet $22.3 48% of all$24.2 iron production 4. Pay reparations to Allies for 16%WWI of all coal production billionMassdollars Demonstrations in 2013in front13% of of the Germanybillion territory from th 1914 German Reichstag—May 15 , 191912% of population The Great Global Depression 3. What is the Weimar Republic? – Democratic gov’t formed in Germany in 1919 – Blamed for the loss of WWI and crisis in Germany THE PRICE OF A ONE- The great Global POUNDDepression LOAF OF BREAD IN Explain how the punishments imposed onGERMANY Germany with the Treaty of Versailles led to Germany’sMid- 1914economic.13 collapse. 1916 .19 War Reparations1918 .22 1919 .26 1920 $1.20 Printing money1921 $1.35 Mid-1922 $3.50 HyperinflationJanuary 1923 $700 May 1923 $1200 September 1923 $2 million Devastating EconomicOctober 1923 Crisis$670 million Beginning of $3 billion November 1923
People’s Needs NotMid Being-November Met$10 billion 1923 The Great Global Depression 3. How did the United States help Europe rebuild after WWI? USA lends Germany money France and Great Britain pay back USA Germany pays for money borrowed France and Great during WWI Britain reparations The Great Global Depression 4. How did the financial crisis that started in the USA impact Europe too? USA no longer able to help European economy Global Economic Meltdown Because of the financial crisis in Europe, millions of people lost faith in democratic governments and capitalism. This led to… The Rise of Fascism
Depression leads to Fascism The Rise of Fascism Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal,”refersWhat tois a wavefascism? of CharacteristicsAfter the Kristallnachtof Fascism violent anti-Jewish pogroms which tookPolitical place on November system pogrom, German civilians 9 and 10, 1938 throughout 1. Rule by authoritarian Dictator that emphasizes… line the streets to watch the Germany and its controlledAt the end of the two-day Kristallnachtforced marchassault, of Jewish territories. It iss often7,500 referred Jewish businesses2.Censorship were attacked, and hundreds propaganda to as the "NightUltra of Broken- men through the town. Up Above:The Volksempfänger Youths intently(nicknamed listen to theHitler VE 301) was designed in Glass"Nazi Germany due to the under shards orderof of ofJewish Joseph Goebbels,homes Hitler’sand 267 synagogues were Below: Youths attack a Jewish business 3. Strongto 30,000Military Jewish men were shatteredMinister ofglass Propaganda. that lineddestroyed. It was designed Firefighters to be produced were as ordered to put out GermancheaplyNationalism as streets possible in theso allwake Germans of could gain access to it, thus arrested. Most of them theallowing pogrom the— Nazibroken governmentfires glass only from to spread if they their4. began propaganda.Extreme to Onlyspreadwere transferred Nationalism to neighboring from local theGerman windows and Austrianof synagogues,buildings stations were that marked were . Signal not strength Jewish was -owned. A total of homes,limitedAs andto reducea Jewish synagogue production-owned costs burns, further,5. so longPersecution as theA setprivate prisons Jewish of to Dauchau dissenters, businessescould receive plundered DeutschlandsenderThe91 and people first laborand were the camplocal killed Reichssender was in thesetit violenceup in Buchenwald,Dachau in addition on was considered strong enough, although foreign stationshome could vandalized destroyedfirefighters during Marchtheto violence. instead the 22 increased nd, 1933.save aItreports was created of rape as and a detention suicide in Thebe received violence after Ultrawas dark instigated with an- external antenna.6. BlindParticularly as Sachsenhausen loyalty to , leaderand other primarilystationsnearby such by the ascenter theSA house.BBC Europeanfor politicalThese serviceA Jewish increased dissenters,that-owned period. business mostlyconcentration the morning communists after Kristallnachtcamps. transmission power during the course of the war. In Nazi (Stormtroopersonlookers) and the Hitlerwatchwho questioned as the Violence, the new Nazi terror, regime. secret police YouthGermany, however, it was illegal to listen to7. foreign radio stations.Militarism Germanysynagogue under Fascism is destroyed June 30th to July 2nd, 1934: Night of the Long AdolfKnives Hitler kills at least 85 SA members including: • Gustav von Kahr, who had opposed Hitler during the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 - found hacked to death in a swamp near Dachau • Father Bernhard Stempfle, who had taken some of We erupted into a thefrenzy dictation of for nationalistic Hitler's book Mein pride Kampf and that bordered on hysteria.knew too much For about minutes Hitler - onshot end, and killed we shouted at the• Kurttop vonof Schleicher,our lungs, former with Chancellor tears of Germany and master of political intrigue, who had streaming down ourhelped faces: topple Sieg democracyHeil ,in Sieg GermanyHeil and, put Hitler’s MembershipSieg cardHeil into the! From DAP. Later thatHitler to momentbe in power -on,shot Iand belonged killed along towith his renamed to the National SocialistAdolf PartyHitlerwife body and soul." • Gregor Strasser, one of the original members of — theAlfons Nazi PartyHeck and formerly next in importance to "Attention Germans! These On Hitler's order Ernst Rohm had been Hitler A Nazi rally in the late 1920s with CommunistJewish owners of the 5 P.S. shops • given a pistol containing "Lawa single Concerning bullet to theBerlin HighestSocialHermann SA State leader Democratic Office Goering Karl ofErnst, (belowthe who Hitler) was involved and in commitare suicide,the parasites but refused and gravediggersto do it, saying Reich“ is passed a daytorching before Hindenberg Juliusthe Reichstag Streicherdies building(to on Hitler’s in February, right) 1933 "Ifs I amof to German be killed lettrade Adolfrv! Theydo it himself." pay • August 1st, 1934. ThisViceParty -lawChancellor stated that Papen's upon press secretary TwoGerman SS officers, workers entered staation Röhm's cellwages! after • Catholic leader Dr. Erich Klausener waitingThe fifteen principal minutes owner and shot Hindenburg'sis the him Jew point death, the office of president blank. Reportedly,Nathan Röhm's Schmidt."wouldlast words be abolishedwere and its powers merged with "Mein Führer, mein Führer!" those of the chancellor. A “stab-in-the-back” legend So To Summarize…attributed the German defeat Why was the Great Depressionin WWI to internala long traitors working for foreign interests, term cause of WWII? primarily Jews and communists. This legend was Weak democracies inwidely Europe believed andand spread by the defeated German Asia DID NOTmilitary meet leadership. the needs of the people BUT Extreme, Fascist, authoritarian military dictatorships DID
http://www.radford.edu/rbarris/Wome n%20and%20art/amerwom05/suffragea rt.html The Great Global Depression a in value of money coupled with a rise in 3. What is inflation? Howprices did it impact Germany and the Weimar RepublicDemocratic? gov’t formed Need to pay war in Germany reparations after WWI Hyperinflat ion Loss of savings; jobs; pride DEVASTATING ECONOMIS CRISIS Anger at the Weimar Republic Nations of the Middle East Enter the 20th Century The Rise of Nationalism in the Middle East • After reading “How the Middle East Got that Way”, answer the following questions: 1. What effect did WWI have on the Middle East? 2. What is a mandate? Where could mandates be found after WWI? 3. What is Pan-Arabism? Why did this movement rise after WWI? India Enters the 20th Century China’s Civil War Nationalists Communists
•Wanted to rid China of •AKA- •Led by Mao foreign rule Zedong Guomindang •Fought WWII •Supported by •Led by Jiang Jieshi against Japan •Supported by •Hated the peasants business owners Qing •Guerilla Army •Corrupt •Won civil war India Enters the 20th Century Early Stirrings of Divide in India
Indian Muslim National League Congress •Formed out •Nationalist •Mostly of distrust of Groups Hindus and Hindu •Wanted to protect •Goal: Independence Muslim rights Independence from Great •Goal: own Britain Muslim nation-state The Push for a Jewish Nation-State
1. What are important facts to know about JUDAISM to better understand their history of persecution? a. First major monotheistic religion = persecution in a polytheistic world
Believes God promised Israel to the b. Hebrews (Jews)
What is a Jew? Zionism •Causes of the Movement: –Zionism •Movement to gain a Jewish nation-state in Palestine Zionism •Causes of the Movement: –Anti-Semitism- •prejudice against Jews (growing in Europe due to nationalism) The Push for a Jewish Nation-State The Jewish People Face Anti-Semitism Throughout Their Long History
Nazi WWII German- produced Russian Anti- Semitic propaganda poster. Poster reads: "Jews - A People of Contagion" with Jews are blamed for a Jewish the Black Death and stereotype- An anti-Semitic cartoon caricature burned as a Many Christianscounting money showing a Jewish man blame Jewson a formound the of punishment skulls with the world in his 733 BCEdeath of60BCE Jesus- 1000- 1099 hands. 1348 History of Anti-Semitism 493 CE 1500 The Push for a Jewish Nation-State The JewishOn Jews People and Their Face Lies Anti by -MartinSemitism Luther: throughout A Synopsis their In the treatise, Luther describes Jews as a "base, whoring people, that Long HistoryPogrom is Russian for “attack,” accompanied is, no people of God." Luther wrote thatby they destruction, are "full looting of theof property, devil's murder, feces ... which they wallow in like swine,"and and rape. the The synagogue Jews of Russia is werean the victims "incorrigible (unable to be redeemed) whoreof three and large an-scale evil waves slut". of pogroms. These occurred between the years 1881 and 1884, In Section XI. Luther advises Christians to carry1903 and out 1906, seven and 1917remedial and 1921. actions. These are: 1. for Jewish synagogues and schools to be burned to the ground, and the remnants buried out of sight; 2. for houses owned by Jews to be likewise razed, and the owners made to live in agricultural outbuildings; 3. for their religious writings to be taken away; 4. for rabbis to be forbidden to preach, and to be executed if they do; 5. for safe conduct on the roads to be abolished for Jews; 6. for usury to beGerman prohibited, soldiers and searching for all the silver belongings and gold of to be removed Jews roundedMartin up in theLuther’s Warsaw ghetto after the 1300and "put aside 1542uprising, for safekeeping"; while frightened1881 and Jews await their1933 turn. 1939 7. forA German the Jewish woman population and her Jewish to be partner put to is work forced as to agricultural hold a sign withslave SS 1400sofficials. Hers reads:book, “I am aOn filthy Jews slut who and tainted my Aryan blood by labor frequentingTheir Lies with a Jew” January 9, 2015: A Kosher supermarket is attacked by Muslim extremists in Paris Zionism •Goal of the Movement: –A Jewish Nation-State in Palestine (Israel today) Zionism • Key People—Theodor Herzl –Jewish French journalist –Disturbed by strong anti-Semitism in Europe –Began Zionism in 1896 Zionism Russian pogroms of • Strategies Used to Achieve Goal1905 Mass Grave –atGain Bergen support- from strong countries –AtrocitiesBelsen of the Holocaust justified the need for a secure Jewish nation- German soldiers on their way to state a concentration camp. "We are going to Poland to strike at the 1933 Germany- "Germans!Jews." On Defend the left, yourselves! an antisemitic Don't buy fromdrawing Jews." of a Jew. Zionism •Effects- Creation of Israel –Palestine divided in 1947 into a Jewish and Arab state –Led to terrorism – Arab nationalism