DOCSLIB.ORG

DICOM PS3.5 2016C2016d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DICOM PS3.5 2016C2016d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 2 PS3.5 DICOM PS3.5 2016c2016d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 2 PS3.5: DICOM PS3.5 2016c2016d - Data Structures and Encoding Copyright © 2016 NEMA - Standard - DICOM PS3.5 2016c2016d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 3 Table of Contents Notice and Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 1. Scope and Field of Application ............................................................................................................................. 15 2. Normative References ....................................................................................................................................... 17 3. Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Reference Model Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 21 3.2. ACSE Service Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 21 3.3. Presentation Service Definitions .................................................................................................................... 21 3.4. Object Identification Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.5. DICOM Introduction and Overview Definitions .................................................................................................. 21 3.6. DICOM Conformance Definitions ................................................................................................................... 21 3.7. DICOM Information Object Definitions ............................................................................................................. 21 3.8. DICOM Service Class Specifications Definitions ............................................................................................... 22 3.9. DICOM Network Communication Support For Message Exchange Definitions ......................................................... 22 3.10. DICOM Data Structures and Encoding Definitions ........................................................................................... 22 3.11. Character Handling Definitions .................................................................................................................... 24 4. Symbols and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 25 5. Conventions ..................................................................................................................................................... 27 6. Value Encoding ................................................................................................................................................ 29 6.1. Support of Character Repertoires ................................................................................................................... 29 6.1.1. Representation of Encoded Character Values ............................................................................................ 29 6.1.2. Graphic Characters .............................................................................................................................. 30 6.1.2.1. Default Character Repertoire ........................................................................................................... 30 6.1.2.2. Extension or Replacement of the Default Character Repertoire ............................................................... 30 6.1.2.3. Encoding of Character Repertoires .................................................................................................... 31 6.1.2.4. Code Extension Techniques ............................................................................................................ 32 6.1.2.5. Usage of Code Extension ................................................................................................................ 32 6.1.2.5.1. Assumed Initial States .............................................................................................................. 32 6.1.2.5.2. Restrictions for Code Extension ................................................................................................. 33 6.1.2.5.3. Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 33 6.1.2.5.4. Levels of Implementation and Initial Designation ............................................................................ 33 6.1.3. Control Characters ............................................................................................................................... 34 6.2. Value Representation (VR) ........................................................................................................................... 35 6.2.1. Person Name (PN) Value Representation ................................................................................................. 43 6.2.1.1. Examples of PN VR and Notes ......................................................................................................... 43 6.2.1.2. Ideographic and Phonetic Characters in Data Elements with VR of PN ..................................................... 44 6.2.2. Unknown (UN) Value Representation ....................................................................................................... 44 6.2.3. URI/URL (UR) Value Representation ....................................................................................................... 45 6.3. Enumerated Values and Defined Terms .......................................................................................................... 45 6.4. Value Multiplicity (VM) and Delimitation ........................................................................................................... 46 7. The Data Set .................................................................................................................................................... 47 7.1. Data Elements ........................................................................................................................................... 47 7.1.1. Data Element Fields ............................................................................................................................. 48 7.1.2. Data Element Structure with Explicit VR .................................................................................................... 48 7.1.3. Data Element Structure with Implicit VR .................................................................................................... 49 7.2. Group Length ............................................................................................................................................ 50 7.3. Little Endian Byte Ordering ........................................................................................................................... 50 7.4. Data Element Type ..................................................................................................................................... 51 7.4.1. Type 1 Required Data Elements .............................................................................................................. 51 7.4.2. Type 1C Conditional Data Elements ......................................................................................................... 51 7.4.3. Type 2 Required Data Elements .............................................................................................................. 51 7.4.4. Type 2C Conditional Data Elements ......................................................................................................... 51 7.4.5. Type 3 Optional Data Elements ............................................................................................................... 52 7.4.6. Data Element Types Within A Sequence ................................................................................................... 52 7.5. Nesting of Data Sets ................................................................................................................................... 52 7.5.1. Item Encoding Rules ............................................................................................................................. 53 7.5.2. Delimitation of The Sequence of Items ..................................................................................................... 53 - Standard - Page 4 DICOM PS3.5 2016c2016d - Data Structures and Encoding 7.5.3. Sequence Inheritance ........................................................................................................................... 55 7.6. Repeating Groups ...................................................................................................................................... 55 7.7. Retired Data Elements ................................................................................................................................. 55 7.8. Private Data Elements ................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Man'yogana.Pdf (574.0Kb)
    Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies http://journals.cambridge.org/BSO Additional services for Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The origin of man'yogana John R. BENTLEY Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies / Volume 64 / Issue 01 / February 2001, pp 59 ­ 73 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X01000040, Published online: 18 April 2001 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0041977X01000040 How to cite this article: John R. BENTLEY (2001). The origin of man'yogana. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 64, pp 59­73 doi:10.1017/S0041977X01000040 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/BSO, IP address: 131.156.159.213 on 05 Mar 2013 The origin of man'yo:gana1 . Northern Illinois University 1. Introduction2 The origin of man'yo:gana, the phonetic writing system used by the Japanese who originally had no script, is shrouded in mystery and myth. There is even a tradition that prior to the importation of Chinese script, the Japanese had a native script of their own, known as jindai moji ( , age of the gods script). Christopher Seeley (1991: 3) suggests that by the late thirteenth century, Shoku nihongi, a compilation of various earlier commentaries on Nihon shoki (Japan's first official historical record, 720 ..), circulated the idea that Yamato3 had written script from the age of the gods, a mythical period when the deity Susanoo was believed by the Japanese court to have composed Japan's first poem, and the Sun goddess declared her son would rule the land below.
    [Show full text]
  • ALTEC Language Class: Japanese Beginning II
    ALTEC Language Class: Japanese Beginning II Class duration: 10 weeks, January 28–April 7, 2020 (no class March 24) Class meetings: Tuesdays at 5:30pm–7:30pm in Hellems 145 Instructor: Megan Husby, [email protected] Class session Resources before coming to Practice exercises after Communicative goals Grammar Vocabulary & topic class class Talking about things that you Verb Conjugation: Past tense Review of Hiragana Intro and あ column Fun Hiragana app for did in the past of long (polite) forms Japanese your Phone (~desu and ~masu verbs) Writing Hiragana か column Talking about your winter System: Hiragana song break Hiragana Hiragana さ column (Recognition) Hiragana Practice クリスマス・ハヌカー・お Hiragana た column Worksheet しょうがつ 正月はなにをしましたか。 Winter Sports どこにいきましたか。 Hiragana な column Grammar Review なにをたべましたか。 New Year’s (Listening) プレゼントをかいましたか/ Vocab Hiragana は column もらいましたか。 Genki I pg. 110 スポーツをしましたか。 Hiragana ま column だれにあいましたか。 Practice Quiz Week 1, えいがをみましたか。 Hiragana や column Jan. 28 ほんをよみましたか。 Omake (bonus): Kasajizō: うたをききましたか/ Hiragana ら column A Folk Tale うたいましたか。 Hiragana わ column Particle と Genki: An Integrated Course in Japanese New Year (Greetings, Elementary Japanese pgs. 24-31 Activities, Foods, Zodiac) (“Japanese Writing System”) Particle と Past Tense of desu (Affirmative) Past Tense of desu (Negative) Past Tense of Verbs Discussing family, pets, objects, Verbs for being (aru and iru) Review of Katakana Intro and ア column Katakana Practice possessions, etc. Japanese Worksheet Counters for people, animals, Writing Katakana カ column etc. System: Genki I pgs. 107-108 Katakana Katakana サ column (Recognition) Practice Quiz Katakana タ column Counters Katakana ナ column Furniture and common Katakana ハ column household items Katakana マ column Katakana ヤ column Katakana ラ column Week 2, Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing As Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-Language Literature
    At the Intersection of Script and Literature: Writing as Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-language Literature Christopher J Lowy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2021 Reading Committee: Edward Mack, Chair Davinder Bhowmik Zev Handel Jeffrey Todd Knight Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Asian Languages and Literature ©Copyright 2021 Christopher J Lowy University of Washington Abstract At the Intersection of Script and Literature: Writing as Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-language Literature Christopher J Lowy Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Edward Mack Department of Asian Languages and Literature This dissertation examines the dynamic relationship between written language and literary fiction in modern and contemporary Japanese-language literature. I analyze how script and narration come together to function as a site of expression, and how they connect to questions of visuality, textuality, and materiality. Informed by work from the field of textual humanities, my project brings together new philological approaches to visual aspects of text in literature written in the Japanese script. Because research in English on the visual textuality of Japanese-language literature is scant, my work serves as a fundamental first-step in creating a new area of critical interest by establishing key terms and a general theoretical framework from which to approach the topic. Chapter One establishes the scope of my project and the vocabulary necessary for an analysis of script relative to narrative content; Chapter Two looks at one author’s relationship with written language; and Chapters Three and Four apply the concepts explored in Chapter One to a variety of modern and contemporary literary texts where script plays a central role.
    [Show full text]
  • AIX Globalization
    AIX Version 7.1 AIX globalization IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 233 . This edition applies to AIX Version 7.1 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document............................................................................................vii Highlighting.................................................................................................................................................vii Case-sensitivity in AIX................................................................................................................................vii ISO 9000.....................................................................................................................................................vii AIX globalization...................................................................................................1 What's new...................................................................................................................................................1 Separation of messages from programs..................................................................................................... 1 Conversion between code sets.............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Special Issue on Japanese Geminate Obstruents
    J East Asian Linguist (2013) 22:303-306 DOI 10.1007/s10831-013-9109-z Introduction to the special issue on Japanese geminate obstruents Haruo Kubozono Received: 8 January 2013 / Accepted: 22 January 2013 / Published online: 6 July 2013 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Geminate obstruents (GOs) and so-called unaccented words are the two properties most characteristic of Japanese phonology and the two features that are most difficult to learn for foreign learners of Japanese, regardless of their native language. This special issue deals with the first of these features, discussing what makes GOs so difficult to master, what is so special about them, and what makes the research thereon so interesting. GOs are one of the two types of geminate consonant in Japanese1 which roughly corresponds to what is called ‘sokuon’ (促音). ‘Sokon’ is defined as a ‘one-mora- long silence’ (Sanseido Daijirin Dictionary), often symbolized as /Q/ in Japanese linguistics, and is transcribed with a small letter corresponding to /tu/ (っ or ッ)in Japanese orthography. Its presence or absence is distinctive in Japanese phonology as exemplified by many pairs of words, including the following (dots /. / indicate syllable boundaries). (1) sa.ki ‘point’ vs. sak.ki ‘a short time ago’ ka.ko ‘past’ vs. kak.ko ‘paranthesis’ ba.gu ‘bug (in computer)’ vs. bag.gu ‘bag’ ka.ta ‘type’ vs. kat.ta ‘bought (past tense of ‘buy’)’ to.sa ‘Tosa (place name)’ vs. tos.sa ‘in an instant’ More importantly, ‘sokuon’ is an important characteristic of Japanese speech rhythm known as mora-timing. It is one of the four elements that can form a mora 1 The other type of geminate consonant is geminate nasals, which phonologically consist of a coda nasal and the nasal onset of the following syllable, e.g., /am.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Cross-Locale CJKV Code Conversion
    Implementing Cross-locale CJKV Code Conversion Ken Lunde, Adobe Systems Incorporated [email protected] http://www.oreilly.com/~lunde/ 1. Introduction Most operating systems today deal with single locales. Within a single CJKV locale, different operating sys- tems often use different encodings for the same character set. Consider Shift-JIS and EUC-JP encodings for Japanese—Shift-JIS is historically used on MacOS and Windows, but EUC-JP is used on Unix. This makes code conversion a necessity. Code conversion within a single locale is, by and large, a trivial operation that typically involves a mathematical algorithm. In the past, a lot of code conversion was performed by users through dedicated software tools. Many of today’s applications include built-in code conversion routines, but these routines deal with only multiple encodings of a single locale (such as EUC-KR, ISO-2022-KR, Johab, and Unified hangul Code encodings for Korean). Code conversion across CJKV locales, such as between Chinese and Japanese, is more problematic. While Unicode serves as an excellent basis for implementing cross-locale code conversion, there are still problems to be addressed, such as unmappable characters. 2. Code Conversion Basics Converting between different encodings of a single locale, which represents a trivial effort that involves well- established code conversion algorithms (or mapping tables), is a well-understood process these days. How- ever, as soon as code conversion extends beyond a single locale, there are additional complexities that arise, such as the following: • Code conversion algorithms almost always must be replaced by mapping tables because the ordering of characters in different CJKV character sets are different.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Hiragana Letters Pdf
    Table of hiragana letters pdf Continue Hiragana is one of three sets of characters used in Japanese. Each letter of Hiragana is a special syllable. The letter itself doesn't make sense. Hiragan is widely used to form a sentence. You can download/print the Hiragan chart (PDF) of all Hiragana's letters. The origin of Hiragan あ か た ま や the original 安 加 太 末 也 of Hiragan was developed in the 8th-10th century by simplifying the shape of specific kanji symbols. Compared to Katakana, Hiragana's letters have more curved lines. Number of letters In modern Japanese 46 basic letters of Hiragana. In addition to these 46 main letters, called gojon, there are modified forms to describe more time - 20 dakun, 5 handakuon, 36 y'on, 1 sokuon and 6 additional letters. Frequently asked questions: What are the letters with the bar on top ( Yap.) ? Gojaon 【五⼗⾳】 Goyon-【五⼗⾳図】 In Japanese, syllables are organized as a table (5 x 10). This table is called goj'on-zu (literally means a table of 50 sounds). The alphabets of Hiragan and Katakana are used to describe these sounds. Letters い, う and え appear more than once in the table. These 5 duplicates (grey) are usually missed or ignored. It includes ん syllable. It does not belong to any row or column. In total, 46 letters (45'1) are considered goj'on (50 sounds). You can learn the goj'on letters on the Hiragan course: Part 1-10. The structure of table First row - あ, い, う, え and お - five vowels of Japanese.
    [Show full text]
  • Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera U Osijeku Filozofski Fakultet U Osijeku Odsjek Za Engleski Jezik I Književnost Uroš Ba
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Croatian Digital Thesis Repository Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet u Osijeku Odsjek za engleski jezik i književnost Uroš Barjaktarević Japanese-English Language Contact / Japansko-engleski jezični kontakt Diplomski rad Kolegij: Engleski jezik u kontaktu Mentor: doc. dr. sc. Dubravka Vidaković Erdeljić Osijek, 2015. 1 Summary JAPANESE-ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONTACT The paper examines the language contact between Japanese and English. The first section of the paper defines language contact and the most common contact-induced language phenomena with an emphasis on linguistic borrowing as the dominant contact-induced phenomenon. The classification of linguistic borrowing thereby follows Haugen's distinction between morphemic importation and substitution. The second section of the paper presents the features of the Japanese language in terms of origin, phonology, syntax, morphology, and writing. The third section looks at the history of language contact of the Japanese with the Europeans, starting with the Portuguese and Spaniards, followed by the Dutch, and finally the English. The same section examines three different borrowing routes from English, and contact-induced language phenomena other than linguistic borrowing – bilingualism , code alternation, code-switching, negotiation, and language shift – present in Japanese-English language contact to varying degrees. This section also includes a survey of the motivation and reasons for borrowing from English, as well as the attitudes of native Japanese speakers to these borrowings. The fourth and the central section of the paper looks at the phenomenon of linguistic borrowing, its scope and the various adaptations that occur upon morphemic importation on the phonological, morphological, orthographic, semantic and syntactic levels.
    [Show full text]
  • A Discovery in the History of Research on Japanese Kana Orthography: Ishizuka Tatsumaro's Kanazukai Oku No Yamamichi
    国立国語研究所学術情報リポジトリ A discovery in the history of research on Japanese kana orthography: Ishizuka Tatsumaro's Kanazukai oku no yamamichi 著者(英) Shinkichi HASHIMOTO 翻訳者(英) Timothy J. Vance 校正者(英) Wayne Lawrence journal or Pioneering Linguistic Works in Japan publication title page range 1-24 year 2019-09 URL http://doi.org/10.15084/00002233 HASHIMOTO Pioneering Linguistic Works in Japan A Discovery in the History of Research on Japanese Kana Orthography: Ishizuka Tatsumaro’s Kanazukai oku no yamamichi HASHIMOTO Shinkichi 1 Two Aspects of Kana Orthography Research Kana orthography refers to the way of using kana [i.e., Chinese characters used to write Japanese syllables phonographically, including both the unabbreviated characters (man’yōgana), used mostly in the Nara period (710–794) and early in the Heian Period (794–1185), and the abbreviated forms (hiragana and katakana) that first appeared around 900]. When it comes to using あ to represent the sound “a” or か to represent the sound “ka,” things are clear and simple, and no doubts arise. It is only when two or more different letters correspond to the same sound, as in the case of い [i] and ゐ [wi] [both pronounced i today] or お [o] and を [wo] [both pronounced o today], that doubts arise as to which letter to use. Thus, we can say that problems of kana orthography are actually just problems of choosing which letter to use. Kana orthography problems have two aspects. On the one hand, there is the question of whether or not letters that represent the same sound (い [i] and ゐ [wi] [for i], お [o] and を [wo] [for o], etc.) should be distinguished, and if so, which letter should be used when.
    [Show full text]
  • Hiragana Ka Takana
    A GUIDE TO LEARNING HIRAGANA AND KA TAKANA Kenneth G. Henshall with Tetsuo Takagaki CHARLES E. TUTTLE COMPANY Rutland, Vermont & Tokyo, Japan A GUIDE TO LEARNING HIRAGANA AND KA TAKANA Kenneth G. Henshall with Tetsuo Takagaki CHARLES E. TUTTLE COMPANY Rutland, Vermont & Tokyo, Japan PART rn: FINAL REVIEW About Japan Food Items Quiz HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Flora and Fauna Quiz Personal Names Quiz The main aim of this book is to help students achieve competence in reading and writing Kana Word Search kana, the phonetic symbols that are fundamental to written Japanese. The book starts with Quiz Answers a section entitled An Explanation of Kana, which contains everything the student will need Do-It-Yourself Kana Charts to know about the two kana systems of hiraganu and kotakuna. Part I of the workbook sec- The Iroha Verse tion then systematically introduces each hiragana symbol, voiced form, and combination, and provides ample practice and review. Pan I1 does the same for katakana, while Part III provides an overall review. The Explanation of Kana outlines the function and origin of kana, the difference between the two kana systems, the various sounds, the combinations, and the conventions of usage. It attempts to be detailed and thorough so that it can be used for reference at any stage. Though all the information about kana is grouped together in this one section for ease of reference, it is not expected that the student will read it all before starting on the practice pages. In fact, to do so might give the impression that kana are perhaps rather formidable, which is not really the case at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Nihongo Levels I & II
    Nihongo: Introduction to Japanese Language 2020-2021 Course Outline Nihongo Levels I & II - Virtual (ONLINE) Class Required Textbooks: Japanese for Busy People I Kana Version & Kana Workbook (Revised 3rd Edition) Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Level & Outline Sunday, October 4, 11, 18, Sunday, January 3, 17, 24, 31, Sunday, March 7, 14, 21, 28, Time 25, November 1, 8, 15, 22 February 7, 14, 21, 28 April 11, 25, May 2, 9 Writing & Hiragana - 1 Hiragana - 2 Hiragana - 3 I Reading Unit 1 Meeting People Unit 2 Shopping Unit 4 Weekend Excursion 1:00 Unit / Lesson (Lessons 1 & 2) Unit 3 Getting Around Unit 5 Dining Out – (Lessons 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7) (Lessons 8, 9, 10, 11) 2:00 Writing & Katakana - 1 Katakana - 2 Katakana - 3 II Reading Unit 6 Visiting a Japanese Unit 8 On Business Unit 10 Getting Around Home Outside Tokyo Unit 11 Socializing 2:10 Unit / Unit 7 Going to a Festival Unit 9 Seeing a Museum (Lessons 22, 23, 24, & 25) – Lesson 3:10 (Lessons 12, 13, 14, 15, & 16) (Lessons 17, 18, 19, 20, & 21) Nihongo Level I, II, & III Intensive Workshops* Workshop I-A Workshop I-B Workshop II 12:00 Dates Saturday, October 24 & Saturday, January 9 & 30, 2021 Saturday, February 13 & 27, 2021 - November 7, 2020 4:00 Same content and texts Same content and texts Same content and texts as Level I Content as Level I Part 1 as Level I Part 2 Part 3 * These workshops can be taken in lieu of their corresponding class parts as a set, or individually to catch up with the subsequent class session.
    [Show full text]
  • The ALA-LC Japanese Romanization Table
    Japanese The ALA-LC Japanese Romanization Table Revision Proposal March 30, 2018 Created by CTP/CJM Joint Working Group on the ALA-LC Japanese Romanization Table (JRTWG) JRTWG is part of: Association of Asian Studies (AAS) Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL) Committee on Technical Processing (CTP) and Committee on Japanese Materials (CJM) JRTWG Co-Chairs: Yukari Sugiyama (Yale University) Chiharu Watsky (Princeton University) Members of JRTWG: Rob Britt (University of Washington) Ryuta Komaki (Washington University) Fabiano Rocha (University of Toronto) Chiaki Sakai (The Japan Foundation Japanese-Language Institute, Urawa) Keiko Suzuki (The New School) [Served as Co-Chair from April to September 2016] Koji Takeuchi (Library of Congress) Table of Contents Romanization Table…………………………………………………………………………………….Pages 1-28 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………Page 1 2. Basic Principles for Romanization……………………………………………………Page 1 3. Capitalization………………………………………………………………………………….Page 5 4. Japanese Punctuation and Typographical Marks…………………………….Page 8 5. Diacritic Marks and Other Symbols Used in Romanization………………Page 9 6. Word Division………………………………………………………………………………….Page 11 7. Numerals…………………………………………………………………………………………Page 25 Romanized/Kana Equivalent Charts…………………………………………………..…..…….Pages 29-30 Helpful References…………………………………………………………………………………....…Page 31 Last Updated: 3/30/2018 10:48 AM 1 Introduction: Scope of the Romanization Table Romanization is one type of transliteration. Transliteration is the process of converting text written
    [Show full text]