NAVY PLANS THE BEGINNING OF A LONG MODERNISATION PROCESS In 2003, a Ministry of Defence White weapons, systems, and platforms - specifically within the count ry 's EEZ, theTNI-AL's Archi­ Paper, "Defending the Country: nava l assets. pelagic Sea Defence Strategy (Strategi Perta­ The TN I-AL has already received US$ I.958n /umall Lalli NI/sal/tara, SPLN) refers to "strate­ Entering the 21 " CentlllY" elevated both for procurement of up to 24 naval vessels gic funnels" (CO I'Ollg stmtegis) located at both the status and funding levels of the through 201 3. These ini tial funds marked the ends of Indonesia's three north-south archipe­ Indonesian Navy (Ten/ara Nasional beginn ing of a long modernisation process as lagic sea lanes (ASL). These funnels are looked Indonesia Angka/an Lout, TNI-Al). significant numbers of new ships beyond 2013 at as potenti al fu ture points of fr iction. After 20 years of indifferent moderni­ will be needed to replace the agi ng fl eet. sation and few maj or new acquisitions, As plans fo r a fl eet of new fri gates, sub­ the sea service was now cited as "the" marines, patrol and amphibious vessels take FLEET STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION major player in defence of Indonesia shape, the country's naval modernisati on will support the country's dual aim s of national Organi sed into fourcolllmand authorities, the and its territorial waters (seejigll,.e 1)_ defence and economic development. Navy T NI-AL has approximately 45,000 naval Modernisati on of the TNI-AI:s aging modernisation pl ans centre on a Minimum personn el, including 1,000 in the aviati on 196-ship fl eet will remain an urgent Essential Force (MEF) that provides updated component and 15,000 Marines. Command of priority ifthe country's sea services are capabilities for transport, air and sea defence. the sea service's three flotillas, Central , Western to ful fill the demanding mission of The procurement policy behind the MEF and Eastern , fall s to Central Fleet Command. patrolling the maritime nation's vast strategy seeks maximum domestic involvement The Western Flotilla is based at Tanjung Pi nang archipelago and Economic Exclusion and technology transfer to further internal in Sumatra, the Central Flotill a at Makassar in economi c development. In particular, the South Sulewesi, and the Eastern Flotill a at Zone (EEZ). TNI-AL acquisiti on strategy aims to develop Sarong in Papua. A new Fleet Command capabilities for Indonesia's Illost prominent Headquarters is located in Makassar. Training, domestic naval shipbuilder, PT Pal. Marine Corps, and Seali ft fonns separate naval STRATEGY AND Given Indonesia's growth in commercial command structures. PROCUREMENT ports and shipping, the protection ofthe archipe­ The naval fl eet is based at installations located Short fa lls in the T NI-AL's capabilities have lagic sea lanes is vital to the country's national in Tanj un g Priok (North Jakarta), Ujung been highlighted by rising smuggl ing and piracy interest (seejigllre 2) . The sea service's 2005 (Surabaya), Sabang and Belawan in North in the Straits of Malace a and a series ofmaritimc "Green-Water-Navy" blueprint enables the Sumatra, Ujung Pandang (South Sul awesi), di sasters over the past decade - notably during defence strategy. call ing for 274-shi p force to Balikpapan (East Kalimantan), Jayapura (Irian the Tsunami of 2004. With Iheageoflndollcsian be in active service by 2024, with minelaying Jaya), Tanjung Pi nang and Bitung in North naval platfomls ranging [ro111 25 to 40 capacity and submarines as top pri­ Sulawesi, Kupand (West Timor), Teluk Ratai years, many naval assets are reported orit ies. Focusi ng on sea control and (South Sumatra) as well as Banj armasin and to be fa lling below 50 percent opera­ limited amphibious power projection South Ka lmantan. tional availabili ty. Attempting to reverse the overall . ~ . decline, Indonesian President Susilo Bob Nugent Bambang Yudhoyono announced a ~j heads AMI International's Advisory Services covering defence, naval, aerospace, and 36 percent Mini stry of Defence bud- unmanned markets. He has presented and published widely on naval and related topics. get increase for Fiscal Year 2012 tar- . - ., A retired US Navy officer, Bob completed the Naval Postgraduate School and War College . geting repl acements for aging , and served in Japan, Korea, Russia, the UK, and on the Navy acquisition staff. 84 NAVAL FORCES V120 12 NAVY PLANS '[ I > • ~ I .1 Fig. 1: The "Diponegoro" class (SIGMA 9113) 1981 , make up the ClllTent TNI-AL subsurface ofUS$367M per hull, the first two boats will be patrol vessel "Sultan Iskandar Muda conducting component. Initially refit at the PAL Indonesia built in South Korea with initial delivery in 2015. gunnery exercises with the PARCHIM -I corvette Shipyard from 1993 to 1999, the pair received PT Pal will assemble the third domestically with KRI "Silas Papare" and the US Coast Guard's weapons control system updates, battery technology transfer and the technical assistance national security cutter USCGC "Waesche" during the multinational exercise Cooperation replacements, and engine refurbi shment. A provided by DSME, delivery expected by 20 18. Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAl) 2012 US$60M contract with South Korea's Daewoo As far back as 2006, the Indonesian Ministry Indonesia in the Java Sea. Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering(DSME) of Defence indicated that 10 new submarines (Photo: Courtesy of US Navy) in 2004 provided the second major upgrade for would be acquired as part of its naval roadmap. KRI "Cakra", completed in 2006. The second Trainingand preparing submariners in suffi cient of the class, KRI "Nanggala", was again over­ numbers to crew and maintain the new "Chang FLEET FORCE STRUCTURE hauled from 2009 to 2012 at an estimated Sago" class boats may prove difficult; DEVELOPMENTS US$75M. The refit included replacement of the historically the TNI-AL has maintained an Major modernisation and replacement boat's entire upper structure, propulsion system undersea force organised to handle only two programmes have historically been slow to components, sonar, radar, and combat manage­ boats. materialise due to political and economic ment system. Upgrades have resulted in a sub­ Frigutes allli Corvettes: The Indonesian Navy instability and being low priority with the merged speed increase from 3.5 knots, and the maintains a frigate inventory of six upgraded services. Since 2003 funding has been made capability to launch of up to four independent­ "Ahmad Vani" (ex-Dutch "Van Speijk" class) available to begin addressing shortcomings ly targeted wire-guided torpedoes sim ultane­ frigates and one "Ki Hajar Dewantara" class identified in the Ministry of Defence's White­ ously. training frigate built in the fonner Yugoslavia. Paper. Naval plans through the next two decades The size of the TN1-AL's submarine fl eet will In TNI-AL service from the late 1980s, the include a combination of modernisation soon increase in both numbers and capability offensive capably of the "Ahamad Yani" class programmes and new construction. with the delivery of three Type 209 ("Chang was increased with the installation of Chinese­ Submarine Service: Two "Cakra" class Sogo" class) diesel-electric submarines on order made C-802 anti-ship missiles while air defences (Type 209/1300) submarines, in service since from DSME. At an estimated acquisition cost were improved with MSDA MISTRAL surface- A I NAVAL FORCES V120 12 85 NAVY PLANS Rg. 2: The total area. of Indonesia, including its EEl, comprises some 7.9 million km2• II encompasses an estimated 17,508 islands, 6,000 of which are inhabited. (Graphic: Internet) ! to-air missiles mounted on STNBAD launchers. operations by carrying up to 100 personnel in 8-515 324mm triple torpedo tubes for Eurotorp Diesel engi nes replaced the original strea m addition to the crew. MU90 torpedoes are expected to comprise the propulsion system further, extendi ng use fu l Forthe better part ofa decade, the sea service ASW suite. The Term3 SKWS decoy system service life. One hull ofthe class, KRI "Oswald has planned for an indigenous fri gate to begin will provide a soft-kill COllntenneasures capa­ Siahaan", was eq uipped with four verti cal replac ing and streamlining its mixed inventory. bi lity. Each National Korvette is estimated to launch cell s to house Russian-made M-55 The resulting Nasiollaf Konlel Program (NKP) cost US$350M with the 20-llUB procurement YAKHONT (SS-N-26) supersoni c anti-ship is also expected to expand domestic shipbuild­ expected to nm as hi gh as US$7Bn. The type cmise mi ssiles. On 20 Apri1201 I, the missile ing capabilities. Kicking off the programme, a wi ll be capable of operating naval he licopters system was test-fired, according to the TNI -A L, Request fo r Proposal (RfP) was issued to DSNS already in service or unmanned aerial vehicles the M-55 traveled 250km in under six minutes and Fincantieri in 2009. In May 20 10, DSNS although none are in the naval acqui sition before impacting and sinking a target ship. was selected as the supplier for the initi al pair of pipeline. Indonesia acquired a number of Y AKHONT NKP frigate s. In April 201 I, PAL Indonesia, in Fast Attack Cnif/: The TN I-AL has a require­ mi ssiles in 2007. Modifications to KRI "Oswald cooperation with DSNS, began designing the ment for a modem force of75 fast attack craft Siahaan" may be fo r test purposes with the inten­ new fri gate, largely based on the DSNS Naval (FAC) to conduct independent,joint survei l­ tion of later deploying the M-55 in a domesti­ Patrol Series 10513 and similar to the Moroccan lance, and strike operations against surface ship­ ca lly bui ld vessel.