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Indonesian National Security News

7-13 February 2021

By Tangguh Chairil, Faculty Member of the Department of International Relations at Binus University Firsty Arelia, a student of the Department of International Relations at Binus University, contributed to this compilation.

This article compiles news regarding ’s national security issues on 7–13 February 2021. It starts with news on main national security issues, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic and events in the North Natuna Sea/South China Sea, then tells news on some national security areas, and finally news regarding domestic structures of national security in Indonesia.

NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES Two main national security issues highlighted during this week include the COVID-19 pandemic and events in the North Natuna Sea/South China Sea.

COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia continued with 63,693 new confirmed cases and 1,543 new deaths this week, amounting to a total of 1,210,703 cases and 32,936 deaths due to the disease. Active cases steadily decreased; however, it might have been caused by the decreasing number of tests performed. Positivity rate fluctuated between 20%–35%. Regarding the vaccination program, 283,230 more people had received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine while 278,279 more people had been fully vaccinated this week, amounting to a total of 1,060,326 people who had received the first dose and 415,486 people who had been fully vaccinated. The daily update of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia this week is as follows:1

Su. Mo. Tu. We. Th. Fr. Sa. 7 Feb. 8 Feb. 9 Feb. 10 Feb. 11 Feb. 12 Feb. 13 Feb. Confirmed 1,157,837 1,166,079 1,174,779 1,183,555 1,191,990 1,201,859 1,210,703 cases (+10,827) (+8,242) (+8,700) (+8,776) (+8,435) (+9,869) (+8,844) 949,990 963,028 973,452 982,972 993,117 1,004,117 1,016,036 Recoveries (+10,806) (+13,038) (+10,424) (+9,520) (+10,145) (+11,000) (+11,919) 31,556 31,763 31,976 32,167 32,381 32,656 32,936 Deaths (+163) (+207) (+213) (+191) (+214) (+275) (+280) 176,291 171,288 169,351 168,416 166,492 165,086 161,731 Active cases (-142) (-5,003) (-1,937) (-935) (-1,924) (-1,406) (-3,355)

Suspects 76,029 77,601 77,086 77,526 76,911 76,505 79,653

Samples 9,685,379 9,724,040 9,791,928 9,862,240 9,933,751 9,987,708 10,025,524 tested (+41,526) (+38,661) (+67,888) (+70,312) (+71,511) (+53,957) (+37,816) People 6,445,583 6,473,598 6,512,126 6,553,179 6,591,580 6,626,984 6,651,873 tested (+30,900) (+28,015) (+38,528) (+41,053) (+38,401) (+35,404) (+24,889) Positivity 35.04% 29.42% 22.58% 21.38% 21.97% 27.87% 35.53% rate 1st 784,318 814,585 845,407 969,546 1,017,186 1,017,186 1,060,326 Vaccination (+7,222) (+30,267) (+30,822) (+124,139) (+47,640) (0) (+43,140) 2nd 139,131 171,270 221,453 279,251 345,605 345,605 415,486 Vaccination (+1,924) (+32,139) (+50,183) (+57,798) (+66,354) (0) (+69,881)

Meanwhile, there were 26 new confirmed cases and no new death among Indonesian citizens abroad this week, amounting to a total of 3,157 cases and 171 deaths among Indonesians abroad due to the disease. Active cases were stable at about 690. The daily update of COVID-19 cases among Indonesian citizens abroad this week is as follows:2

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Su. Mo. Tu. We. Th. Fr. Sa.

7 Feb. 8 Feb. 9 Feb. 10 Feb. 11 Feb. 12 Feb. 13 Feb. Confirmed 3,134 3,136 3,144 3,148 3,155 3,156 3,157 cases (+3) (+2) (+8) (+4) (+7) (+1) (+1) 2,273 2,274 2,284 2,285 2,289 2,291 2,292 Recoveries (0) (+1) (+10) (+1) (+4) (+2) (+1) 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 Deaths (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) 690 691 689 692 695 694 694 Active cases (+3) (+1) (-2) (+3) (+3) (-1) (0)

• COVID-19 News Some noteworthy news about the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia this week included warning by experts that Indonesia’s genome surveillance was still weak. On 7 February 2021, The Post reported that experts warned that Indonesia’s whole-genome sequencing, a process to detect new variants of the COVID-19 virus, was still weak. By 4 February 2021, Indonesia had only submitted 322 complete genomes – or about 0.03% of the total COVID-19 cases reported in the country – to GISAID, a global initiative for sharing viral genomic data.3 There was also reporting about how two tribes in – the Baduy and Kasepuhan Ciptagelar people – had remained free of COVID-19 cases while the pandemic was getting worse throughout Indonesia. On 8 February 2021, ABC reported that the tribes had been banning visitor entry into their villages and limiting interactions with people from outside their villages. Still, Airlangga University epidemiologist Dr. Windhu Purnomo suggested that these tribespeople should get tested to ensure they are indeed COVID-free.4

• Government’s COVID-19 Responses Restriction Policy and Health Protocol Enforcement The government introduced a new policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic called the micro-scale community activity restrictions (micro PPKM). On 8 February 2021, Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, Airlangga Hartarto, announced that the government would implement micro PPKM to control COVID-19 at the micro level on 9–22

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February 2021. During micro PPKM, the government also regulated domestic and international travel as follow:5 • For domestic travel, there would be stricter health protocol, testing requirement, random tests, and restriction on long and religious holidays. • For international travel, there would be ban on foreigner entry into Indonesia, with certain exceptions, stricter health protocol, testing requirement, and centralized quarantine obligation. • There would be ban on long distance travel for state civil apparatuses, soldiers, police officers, state-owned enterprise employees/staffs, and private employees during the Chinese New Year holiday. Along with the central government’s micro PPKM, on 8 February 2021, Vice Governor of Jakarta, Ahmad Riza Patria, announced that the Jakarta provincial government would again extend the large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) in the province until 22 February 2021.6

Testing, Tracing, and Treatment The government is preparing the Armed Forces (TNI) and National Police (Polri) personnel to act as COVID-19 tracers. On 9 February 2021, Commander of TNI, Gen. Hadi Tjahjanto, announced that TNI would deploy 29,736 personnel as COVID-19 tracers.7 Meanwhile, on 11 February 2021, Chief of Polri, Gen. Listyo Sigit Prabowo, announced that Polri is preparing 40,366 constables for the task.8

Vaccination On 5 February 2021, the Drug and Food Control Agency (BPOM) issued the emergency use authorization for the Sinovac Biotech’s COVID-19 vaccine for the elderly aged 60 years and older.9 On 8 February 2021, Indonesia started vaccinating the elderly health workers.10 To aid vaccination program, the government is also preparing the Armed Forces (TNI) personnel to act as vaccinators. On 9 February 2021, Commander of TNI, Gen. Hadi Tjahjanto, announced that TNI would deploy 11,000 personnel for the task.11 However, the vaccination rate in the country has received much criticism, especially with the recent prediction by Bloomberg that Indonesia’s vaccination would need 10 years. On 5 February 2021, Bloomberg launched a database of COVID-19 vaccinations given around the

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world called Bloomberg’s Vaccine Tracker. It predicted that it would take seven years to vaccinate 75% of the global populations, but lag in poor countries would slow pandemic recovery.12 It also predicted that some countries, including Indonesia, would need more than 10 years to vaccinate 75% of their populations if they continue at the current pace of vaccination.13 In response to Bloomberg’s prediction, on 7 February 2021, the Ministry of Health said that COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia would only need twelve months.14 Meanwhile, Chief of the Presidential Staff Office (KSP), , denied Bloomberg’s prediction and challenged Bloomberg to conduct the study in Indonesia.15

North Natuna Sea/South China Sea Tension continued to rise in the South China Sea this week. On 8 February 2021, the Indonesian (TNI-AL) announced that China’s type 054A/Jiangkai II class Xuchang (536) had entered Indonesia’s exclusive economic zone (ZEE) in the North Natuna Sea on 4 February 2021. The day after, three US warships – USS Nimitz (CVN 68), USS Princeton (CG-59), and USS Sterett (DDG-104) – entered and passed Indonesian waters after coordinating with Indonesian authorities on 5 February 2021. Those warships were crossing to the South China Sea.16

Papua Tension also rose regarding conflict this week. On 12 February 2021, the Army’s Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih announced that an armed criminal group (KKB) shot Master Pvt. Hendra Sipayung, personnel of the territorial apparatus task force, in Mamba vilage, Sugapa District, Intan Jaya Regency, Papua. He was treated at Bilogai public health center and would be evacuated to .17

NATIONAL SECURITY AREAS Some national security areas highlighted during this week include events regarding Indonesia’s foreign affairs, arms program, defense and security cooperation, maritime security, terrorism and counterterrorism, transnational crimes, as well as human rights issues.

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Foreign Affairs Regarding Indonesia’s foreign affairs this week, Minister of Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi conducted official visits to Jordan and Qatar this week. On 9 February 2021, Minister Retno arrived in Amman, Jordan and met Jordanian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ayman Safadi, and Jordanian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Economic Affairs, Umayya Toukan.18 Minister Retno and Minister Safadi agreed to strengthen bilateral cooperation, especially on phosphate, trade, and counterterrorism. Both ministers also discussed the Palestinian issue. Minister Retno also told Minister Safadi that Indonesia welcomes the result of the Special Meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Arab League on Palestine held in Cairo on 8 February 2021.19 Meanwhile, Minister Retno and Minister Toukan discussed efforts to strengthen bilateral economic relations, especially on further joint ventures to build phosphate plant in Indonesia and outbound investment on phosphate mining in Jordan.20 On 10 February 2021, Minister Retno met Palestinian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Riyad al-Maliki, at the Dead Sea, Jordan. Minister Retno told Minister al-Maliki that Indonesia’s position on Palestine remains solid and unchanged. Both ministers also discussed the result of the recent Arab League Meeting and Palestine National Dialogue in Cairo, the need to restart peace talks, the importance of unity of Palestine, and Indonesia’s commitment to support Palestine.21 On 10 February 2021, Minister Retno received a phone call from Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs, Toshimitsu Motegi, and discussed the situation in Myanmar. Minister Retno underlined two priorities: ensuring the safety and wellbeing of Myanmar people, as well as ensuring Myanmar democratic transition continues.22 On 11 February 2021, Minister Retno arrived in Doha, Qatar and met Qatari Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani. Both ministers agreed to strengthen bilateral cooperation, especially in the economic sector. Both ministers also discussed several regional issues, including the Afghan peace process, the Palestinian issue, and the situation in Myanmar.23 Meanwhile, on 10 February 2021, Prashanth Parameswaran, senior columnist at The Diplomat, wrote an article about how to advance Indonesia- relations amid the COVID-19 pandemic. He argued that the current quick visit by Malaysian Prime Minister

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Muhyiddin Yassin to Indonesia only signaled continuity in relations rather than a major boost to further upgrade it to a strategic level.24

• Protection of Indonesians Abroad With Myanmar currently engulfed in protests on the recent coup d'état, on 8 February 2021, Indonesian Ambassador to Myanmar, Iza Fadri, said that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs had begun emergency preparations if there would be the need for evacuating Indonesian citizens in Myanmar.25 On 9 February 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, through its Safe Travel application, asked Indonesian citizens in Myanmar not to participate in the protests, to report to the Indonesian Embassy in Yangon, and to coordinate with other Indonesian citizens in the area.26 Meanwhile, on 12 February 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs repatriated two Indonesian citizens who worked as crews aboard an Italian-flagged fishing vessel MP Antartide, after being detained for 108 days by the Libyan National Army after the vessel was accused of violating Libyan maritime boundaries.27

Arms Program Regarding Indonesia’s arms program this week, on 11 February 2021, the Indonesian Ministry of Defense welcomed representatives of Dassault Aviation at the Ministry office in Jakarta to discuss Indonesia’s plan to purchase fighter aircrafts. There was no news whether the agreement was finalized yet.28 Meanwhile, on 10 February 2021, German company MAN Energy Solutions announced that it had secured a contract from German shipbuilding company Abeking & Rasmussen to equip the two mine countermeasures vessels ordered for the (TNI-AL) with MAN 175D hybrid-propulsion engines.29

Defense and Security Cooperation Regarding Indonesia’s defense and security cooperation this week, on 7 February 2021, representatives of the United States (US) Embassy visited Chief of Staff of the (Kasad), Gen. , to discuss the plan of US–Indonesian Army joint exercise

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called Garuda Shield, which would be conducted at the Indonesian (Kostrad) in Indonesia from February.30 Meanwhile, on 8 February 2021, three Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL)’s warships – KRI Barakuda (633), KRI Tenggiri (865), and KRI Cakalang (852) – and two French Navy’s warships – Vendémiaire (F734) frigate and Émeraude (S604) – conducted passing exercise (PASSEX) in the Sunda Strait.31 Lastly, on 11 February 2021, TNI-AL sent KRI Bung Tomo (357) to join the AMAN-21 Multinational Exercise in Karachi, Pakistan. The exercise involved 47 countries on 11–16 February 2021.32

Maritime Security Regarding Indonesia’s maritime security this week, on 8 February 2021, a Caymanian- flagged, Russian-owned cruise ship named La Datcha George Town, which was carrying 18 crews from the Maldives to Singapore, entered Indonesian waters without permission and docked on Rusa island, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh. The ship turned off its position signal when entering Indonesian waters. The Aceh Regional Police and the Navy (TNI-AL) had investigated the case.33 The Banda Aceh Immigration Office had detained the crews and tested them for COVID-19.34 Meanwhile on 8 February 2021, the Navy (TNI-AL) announced that they had finished investigation of the underwater drone or sea-glider found in Selayar Islands, South on 26 December 2020.35 They concluded that it was not spy drone, but research drone for collecting oceanographic data. They found nothing that indicates the origin of the drone.36 Lastly, there were two noteworthy opinion articles on maritime security this week. On 10 February 2021, M. Ambari wrote about crimes at sea, which did not decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic but instead are increasing in Indonesian waters, including illegal fishing, lobster smuggling, fuel oil smuggling, and drug trafficking. He argued that to overcome the increasing crimes at sea, the government not only needs to increase the operational capacity of maritime surveillance, but also needs to commit to prevent those crimes at sea.37 Meanwhile, on 10 February 2021, Arie Afriansyah, lecturer at the University of Indonesia, wrote an article about legal review of the Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla)’s detention of the two foreign-flagged tankers, MT Horse and MT Frea, which were arrested for

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transferring illegal fuel oil in waters on 24 January 2021. He concluded that the detention was in accordance with international law on the enforcement of sovereignty at sea and the navigation of foreign ships.38

Terrorism and Counterterrorism Regarding terrorism and Indonesia’s counterterrorism this week, two videos of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) sympathizers named Anzhar and Muhammad Fikri confessed that they had pledged allegiance to the Islamic State (ISIS), during which former General Secretary of the now banned FPI, Munarman, was also present. On 8 February 2021, the National Police (Polri) announced that the Detachment 88 (Densus 88) would soon investigate Mr. Munarman regarding the allegation that he might have been involved in terrorism.39 Meanwhile, on 8 February 2021, Deutsche Welle published an interview of an intelligence and terrorism observer at the University of Indonesia, Ridlwan Habib. Mr. Ridlwan said that the involvement of major Islamic organizations in the de-radicalization program would help counter the ideology of Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) that was still shared by terrorist prisoners.40

Transnational Crimes Regarding transnational crimes in Indonesia this week, on 10 February 2021, the public prosecutor of Medan District Court demanded that six drug couriers, who were arrested in mid- 2020 for bringing 38.9 kg of crystal methamphetamine into Indonesia through Aceh waters for circulation in Medan City, to be charged with the death penalty.41

Human Rights Regarding human rights issue in Indonesia this week, on 11 February 2021, the National Police (Polri) announced that it had studied the investigation report by the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) on the police killing of members of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and would follow up by asking for the evidence held by Komnas HAM.42

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DOMESTIC STRUCTURES OF NATIONAL SECURITY Some events regarding domestic structures of national security highlighted during this week include news on politics, the foreign affairs establishment, the defense establishment, the police organization, as well as the defense and aerospace industry.

Politics Regarding Indonesia’s politics this week, on 8 February 2021, Minister of Law and Human Rights, Yasonna Laoly, said that he would issue a decree revoking the Indonesian citizenship of Regent-elect of Sabu Raijua, Orient P. Riwu Kore, who once had a United States passport without giving up Indonesian citizenship.43 The Indonesian Citizenship Law does not recognize dual citizenship except for persons under 18 years of age. Meanwhile, on 8 February 2021, pollster Indikator Politik Indonesia published the findings of its national survey conducted on February 1–3. Among the findings were:44 • 71.9% said that democracy was imperfect, but it was the best system of government for Indonesia. • 53.0% said that they were satisfied with the practice of democracy in Indonesia (1.1% were very satisfied, 51.9% were satisfied). • 62.9% said that they were satisfied with the performance of President (5.1% were very satisfied, 57.8% were satisfied). • The most trusted institutions were: o The Armed Forces (TNI) (89.9%) o The President (82.0%) o The Governor (80.0%) o The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) (73.2%) o The Police (Polri) (74.4%) o The Attorney (71.3%) o The Regional Representative Council (DPD) (55.7%) o The House of Representatives (DPR) (52.6%) o Political parties (47.8%)

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Foreign Affairs Establishment Regarding Indonesia’s foreign affairs establishment this week, on 13 February 2021, Indonesian Ambassador to the Philippines, Sinyo Harry Sarundajang, died of illness in Jakarta. He was appointed as ambassador since 2018. Previously, he was Governor of in 2005–2015.45

Defense Establishment Regarding Indonesia’s defense organizations this week, the establishment of the Reserve Component (Komcad) remained the most noteworthy news. On 11 February 2021, the Ministry of Defense held a coordination meeting to determine the central committee for the establishment of Komcad.46 Meanwhile, on 10 February 2021, Luke Lischin, assistant research fellow at the National War College in Washington D.C., wrote an article arguing that the creation of Komcad would have significant repercussions for political violence in Indonesia, as it risks extending the Armed Forces (TNI)’s influence over civilian politics while exacerbating divisions and conflicts between paramilitary organizations.47

• Army (TNI-AD) On 8 February 2021, the Army (TNI-AD) held handover of the positions of Coordinator of Expert Staffs to the Army Chief of Staff (Koorsahli Kasad) and Commander of Army Center (Danpuspomad).48

Positions Previous Office Next Position New Office Previous Position Holder Holder Koorsahli Kasad Lt. Gen. Ali TNI-AD HQ Lt. Gen. Besar Commander of Hamdan Bogra (entering Harto Karyawan Infantry Armament retirement) Center (Danpussenif) Danpuspomad Lt. Gen. Dodik TNI-AD HQ Maj, Gen. Chandra Deputy for Foreign Widjanarko (entering W. Sukotjo Affairs of the State retirement) Intelligence Agency (BIN)

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TNI-AD also promoted the rank of eight high-ranking officers:49 • Maj. Gen. Sugeng Santoso, researcher at National Resilience Institute (Lemhannas). • Brig. Gen. Yusep . Head of the Army’s Department of Assurance Service (Kadislaikad). • Brig. Gen. Winarto, Head of the Army’s Department of Information and Data Processing (Kadisinfolahtaad). • Brig. Gen. Bambang Sutisna, Head of the Army’s Department of Psychology (Kadispsiad). • Brig. Gen. Amrizar, expert staff . • Brig. Gen. Iwan Ma'ruf, researcher at Lemhannas. • Brig. Gen. Ade Prasetya Nurdin, expert staff officer. • Brig. Gen. Bagus Suryadi Tayo, Deputy Inspector of the Army Strategic Command (Kostrad). On 9 February 2021, TNI-AD’s Infantry Armament Center (Pussenif) held handover of the positions of Commander from Lt. Gen. Besar Harto Karyawan, who was appointed as Koorsahli Kasad, to Maj. Gen. Arif Rahman, who was previously expert staff officer to the Army Chief of Staff.50

• Navy (TNI-AL) On 11 February 2021, the Navy (TNI-AL) conducted test of the OTO Melara 76mm naval guns at the Paiton combat training center in Probolinggo Regency, . 51

Police Organization Regarding Indonesia’s police organization this week, on 7 February 2021, Tirto.id published an article about the challenges to realize the promises of newly inaugurated Chief of the National Police (Kapolri), Gen. Listyo Sigit Prabowo, to pursue restorative justice, uphold equality before the law, and improve law enforcement.52

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Defense and Aerospace Industry Regarding Indonesia’s defense and aerospace industry this week, on 8 February 2021, Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani announced that the Ministry of Finance would inject state capital up to IDR 42.38 trillion to nine state-owned enterprises and institutions, including IDR 1.28 trillion to shipbuilding company PT PAL Indonesia for preparation of submarine production facilities and procurement of submarine production support equipment.53 Meanwhile, on 9 February 2021, PT GMF AeroAsia announced that after receiving certificate of approval on Approved Military Repair Station (AMARS) from the Ministry of Defense, it would maximize business diversification into defense industry market and projected the revenue from this segment to be around 20% of the company’s total revenue in the current year.54 Lastly, on 10 February 2021, the executing prosecutor of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) sentenced former Director of Finance of PT Angkasa Pura (AP) II, Andra Yastrialsyah Agussalam, four years at the Cibinong Penitentiary in West Java and a fine of IDR 100 million. Andra was proven to have accepted bribes from former CEO of PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia (INTI), Darman Mappangara, for the semi baggage handling system (BHS) project.55

References

1 COVID-19 Task Force, https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran. 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/page/69/covid-19. 3 The Jakarta Post, 7 February 2021, https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/02/07/genome-surveillance- another-weak-link-in--coronavirus-fight-experts-warn.html. 4 ABC, 8 February 2021, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-08/indonesian-tribes-no-covid-19-coronavirus- cases-baduy/13120704. 5 Cabinet Secretariat, 8 February 2021, https://setkab.go.id/tekan-kasus-covid-19-pemerintah-terapkan-ppkm- berbasis-mikro-mulai-9-februari/. 6 Jakarta Provincial Government, 8 February 2021, https://ppid.jakarta.go.id/view-pers/1925-SP-HMS-02-2021. 7 JPNN.com, 9 February 2021, https://www.jpnn.com/news/panglima-tni-kerahkan-puluhan-ribu-personel- untuk-lakukan-tracing-covid-19-di-jawa-dan-. 8 National Police (Polri), 12 February 2021, https://humas.polri.go.id/2021/02/12/kapolri-lepas-40-366- bhabinkamtimas-sebagai-tracer-penyebaran-covid-19-3/. 9 Drug and Food Control Agency (BPOM), 7 February 2021, https://www.pom.go.id/new/view/more/pers/587/Vaksin-untuk-Lansia-Dalam-Program-Vaksinasi-COVID-19- .html. 10 COVID-19 Task Force, 8 February 2021, https://covid19.go.id/masyarakat-umum/badan-pom-setujui- penggunaan-darurat-vaksin-covid-19-produksi-sinovac-untuk-lansia.

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11 Detik.com, 9 February 2021, https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5367120/bantu-percepat-vaksinasi-corona-tni- siapkan-11-ribu-vaksinator. 12 Bloomberg, 4 February 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-04/when-will-covid- pandemic-end-near-me-vaccine-coverage-calculator; Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid- vaccine-tracker-global-distribution/. 13 Bloomberg, cited in The Straits Times, 6 February 2021, https://www.straitstimes.com/world/pandemic- could-end-in-7-years-at-current-pace-of-vaccination. 14 Kompas.com, 7 February 2021, https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/02/07/133000065/kapan-pandemi- covid-19-di-indonesia-selesai-ini-prediksi-bloomberg-dan-kata. 15 Kompas TV, 8 February 2021, https://www.kompas.tv/article/145272/indonesia-disebut-bebas-covid-19-10- tahun-lagi-moeldoko-suruh-belajar-sini-dululah-bloomberg-itu. 16 Anadolu Agency, 8 February 2021, https://www.aa.com.tr/id/regional/tni-al-kapal-perang-as-dan-china- melintas-di-perairan-indonesia/2137309. 17 Antaranews.com, 12 February 2021, https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1997056/pangdam-cenderawasih- anggota-satgas-apter-ditembak-kkb-di-intan-jaya. 18 Minister of Foreign Affairs’ Twitter account, 9 February 2021, https://twitter.com/Menlu_RI/status/1359064877931745283. 19 Minister of Foreign Affairs’ Twitter account, 9 February 2021, https://twitter.com/Menlu_RI/status/1359209397872902144. 20 Minister of Foreign Affairs’ Twitter account, 9 February 2021, https://twitter.com/Menlu_RI/status/1359509542803890188. 21 Minister of Foreign Affairs’ Twitter account, 10 February 2021, https://twitter.com/Menlu_RI/status/1359514783762894849. 22 Minister of Foreign Affairs’ Twitter account, 10 February 2021, https://twitter.com/Menlu_RI/status/1359557627173240833. 23 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 11 February 2021, https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/2155/berita/bertemu- dengan-menlu-qatar-menlu-retno-dorong-kemajuan-proses-perdamaian-di-afghanistan. 24 The Diplomat, 10 February 2021, https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/advancing-indonesia-malaysia-relations- amid-covid-19/. 25 BBC News Indonesia, 7 February 2021, https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-55968813. 26 Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Safe Travel, 9 February 2021, https://safetravel.id/himbauan/441. 27 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 12 February 2021, https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/2156/berita/kemlu-dan-kbri- roma-fasilitasi-repatriasi-dua-abk-wni-kapal-mp-antartide. 28 Ministry of Defense, 12 February 2021, https://www.kemhan.go.id/pothan/2021/02/12/courtessy-call- dassault-aviation-perancis-ke-dirjen-pothan-kemhan.html. 29 MAN Energy Solutions, 10 February 2021, https://www.man-es.com/company/press-releases/press- details/2021/02/10/abeking-rasmussen-order-complete-man-175d-hybrid-propulsion-packages-for-indonesian- navy-minehunters. 30 Indonesian Army (TNI-AD), 7 February 2021, https://tniad.mil.id/audiensi-kepala-kantor-kerja-sama- pertahanan-kedubes-terkait/. 31 Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL), 8 February 2021, https://www.tnial.mil.id/berita/19390/TNI-AL-DAN-KAPAL- PERANCIS-PASSING-EXERCISE-DI-SELAT-SUNDA/. 32 Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL), 12 February 2021, https://www.tnial.mil.id/berita/19645/IKUTI- MULTINATIONAL-EXERCISE-AMAN-21,-KRI-BUNG-TOMO-SANDAR-DI-KARACHI-PAKISTAN/. 33 Kumparan.com, 8 February 2021, https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/kapal-pesiar-asal-rusia-langgar- aturan-masuk-ke-perairan-aceh-1ups7QVmJf5. 34 Medcom.id, 8 February 2021, https://www.medcom.id/nasional/daerah/4baYygWb-masuk-perairan-aceh- tanpa-izin-kapal-pesiar-asing-ditahan-imigrasi; Antaranews.com, 10 February 2021, https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1993548/18-wna-kru-kapal-pesiar-masuk-ilegal-di-aceh-negatif-covid-19. 35 CNN Indonesia, 8 February 2021, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210208142919-20-603669/tni- al-sudah-rampungkan-investigasi-seaglider-di-selayar. 36 Detik.com, 9 February 2021, https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5366929/tni-al-sebut-seaglider-di-selayar-untuk- penelitian-bukan-mata-mata. 37 Mongabay.co.id, 10 February 2021, https://www.mongabay.co.id/2021/02/08/tak-hanya-darat-kejahatan-juga- berpusat-di-laut/.

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38 HukumOnline.com, 10 February 2021, https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt60239f5287ac0/penegakan-kedaulatan-di-laut-dan-navigasi-kapal- asing-oleh--arie-afriansyah. 39 Bisnis.com, 8 February 2021, https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20210208/16/1353897/diduga-terlibat- terorisme-densus-88-segera-periksa-munarman. 40 Deutsche Welle, 8 February 2021, https://www.dw.com/id/sel-sel-jad-masih-ada-napiter-butuh-deradikalisasi- ekstra/a-56492367. 41 Merdeka.com, 10 February 2021, https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/6-kurir-389-kg-sabu-sabu-di-medan- dituntut-dengan-pidana-mati.html. 42 Merdeka.com, 11 February 2021, https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/penembakan-laskar-fpi-polri-akan- minta-barang-bukti-yang-dipegang-komnas-ham.html. 43 Tempo.co, 8 February 2021, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1430783/ini-alasan-menteri-yasonna-laoly-cabut- status-wni-orient-riwu-kore. 44 Indikator Politik Indonesia, 8 February 2021, https://indikator.co.id/rilis-indikator-08-februari-2021/. 45 Detik.com, 13 February 2021, https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5372323/dubes-ri-untuk-filipina-sinyo-harry- sarundajang-meninggal-dunia 46 Ministry of Defense, 11 February 2021, https://www.kemhan.go.id/pothan/2021/02/11/rakor-penetapan- panpus-pembentukan-komcad-ta-2021.html. 47 The Diplomat, 10 February 2021, https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/indonesias-military-gets-new-reserve- component/. 48 Indonesian Army (TNI-AD), 8 February 2021, https://tniad.mil.id/kasad-pimpin-sertijab-koorsahli-kasad- danpuspomad-serta-menerima/. 49 Ibid. 50 Indonesian Army’s Infantry Armament Center (Pussenif TNI-AD), 9 February 2021, https://pussenif.mil.id/page/detail_berita/186. 51 Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL), 11 February 2021, https://www.tnial.mil.id/berita/19561/TNI-AL-UJI-FUNGSI- AMUNISI-76MM-OTOMELARA/. 52 Tirto.id, 7 February 2021, https://tirto.id/apa-yang-bisa-rakyat-harapkan-dari-janji-janji-manis-listyo-sigit- f9rR. 53 CNN Indonesia, 8 February 2021, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20210208161635-532- 603752/bumn-dapat-suntikan-rp423-t-pln-dan-pertamina-dapat-aset. 54 Kontan, 9 February 2021, https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/gmfi-proyeksikan-pendapatan-dari-industri- pertahanan-bisa-mencapai-20. 55 BeritaSatu.com, 10 February 2021, https://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/731259/kpk-eksekusi-eks-direktur- keuangan-pt-angkasa-pura-ii-ke-lapas-cibinong.

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