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A Study of the Work of Dr. Felix Oswald on the Oswald-Plicque Collection of Samian Pottery, Now at Durham University

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A Study of the Work of Dr. Felix Oswald on the Oswald-Plicque Collection of Samian Pottery, Now at Durham University Durham E-Theses A study of the work of Dr. Felix Oswald on the Oswald-plicque collection of samian pottery, now at Durham University Cottam, Sally Elizabeth How to cite: Cottam, Sally Elizabeth (1991) A study of the work of Dr. Felix Oswald on the Oswald-plicque collection of samian pottery, now at Durham University, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6276/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The purpose of this thesis is to re-assess the work of Dr.Felix Oswald on the Oswald-Plicque Collection of samian pottery. The Oswald-Plicque collection was the personal samian collection of Dr.Oswald and was acquired by Professor Eric Birley for Durham University in 1950. It is now at the Museum of Archaeology, Durham. The first part of the thesis describes the history of the Collection. Its importance to samian specialists is discussed and a brief account is given of its organisation before and after arriving in Durham. The second part of the thesis analyses the Central Gaulish ware in the Collection. Dr.Oswald wrote brief notes and names on the back of each sherd indicating the potter to whom he attributed the piece. Each potter is discussed alphabetically, and an opinion is expressed as to the accuracy of Dr.Oswald's classifications. The third section of the thesis discusses the South Gaulish ware. Dr.Oswald wrote more extensive notes on the South Gaulish sherds and these have been recorded in full. The sherds have been divided on the basis of date rather than potter, and the accuracy of the dates given for each sherd is assessed. Finally the work of Dr.Oswald on the Collection is placed in the context of his times. It is concluded that many of the sherds are incorrectly attributed and that Dr.Oswald's attempt to name a style for each sherd is over ambitious and influenced by 19th century thinking. Dr.Oswald used information on figure types derived from the Collection in one of his most important works, his "Index of Figure Types on Terra Sigillata" (1936-7), and it is suggested that extreme caution should be taken when using references from this Index to unsigned work from the Oswald-Plicque Collection. A STUDY OF THE WORK OF DR. FELIX OSWALD ON THE OSWALD-PLICQUE COLLECTION OF SAMIAN POTTERY, NOW AT DURHAM UNIVERSITY SALLY ELIZABETH COTTAM DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY DURHAM UNIVERSITY, 1991 SUBMISSION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS oooQOoao The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. "The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without her prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged." 8 SEP mi CONTENTS Acknowledgements ii List of Plates iii PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Dr. Felix Oswald 3 The Oswald-Plicque Collection at Durham 5 The Reorganisation of the Oswald-Plicque Collection 14 The London Material 19 The Plicque Excavations and the Lezoux Material 22 PART II: CENTRAL GAUL 26 Introduction 26 The Central Gaulish Material 28 PART III: SOUTH GAUL 7 9 Introduction 79 CLAUDIUS - A.D.40-50/5 81 CLAUDIUS-NERO - A.D.50-60 88 NERO-VESPASIAN - A.D. 60-70 96 VESPASIAN - A.D.70-80 101 DOMITIAN - A.D.80-90 124 Sherds Not Closely Dated 134 DISCUSSION 149 CONCLUDING REMARKS 158 Appendix 1 - Catalogue of the Durham University Samian Collections 164 Appendix 2 - Summary of the Central Gaulish Catalogue 170 Bibliography 172 - i - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Robert Kiln Trust for generous support during my second year of study. I would also like to thank the Birley Bursary, and the Council Fund for Students Travelling Abroad for supporting visits to Paris and Lezoux. Personal thanks must go to Mark Garnett for his constant encouragement, to my supervisor. Dr. Martin Millett, to Dr. Grace Simpson, Professor Eric Birley, Dr. Jennifer Price, and in particular to my parents Keith and Barbara Cottam. 11 LIST OF PLATES Donnavcvs no. 16 frontispiece PLATE I page 1. Acavnissa no.l 29 2. Apolavster no.l 33 3. Banvvs no. 12 36 4. Banvvs no. 31 36 PLATE II 1. Banvvs no. 56 36 2. Birrantvs no. 3 38 3. Bvtrio no. 84 39 4. Bvtrio no.56 39 5. Censorinvs no.21 42 PLATE III 1. Cinnamvs no. 204 44 2. Cinnamvs no. 205 4 4 3. Cobnertvs no. 64 45 4. Cobnertvs no. 4 0 45 5. Divixtvs no.21 47 6. Donnavcvs no. 13 50 PLATE IV 1. Ivllinvs no.52 54 2. Laxtvcissa no.13 55 3. Laxtvcissa no.29 55 4. Laxtvcissa no.31 55 5. Libertvs no. 4 6 57 111 PLATE V 1. Marcvs no. 19 58 2. Moxsivs no. A 61 3. Moxsivs no. 45 61 4. Moxsivs no. 63 61 5. Moxsivs no. 64 61 6. Paternvs no. 35 65 7. Paternvs no. 36 65 8. Paternvs no. 164 65 PLATE VI 1. Pavllvs no. 3 66 2. Ranto no.l '^1 3. Ritogenvs no.l 72 4. Vibinvs no. 4 T> 5. Vibinvs no. 3 "^"^ PLATE VII 1. Modestvs no.l 93 2. Felix no.2 98 3. Bassvs and Coelvs no. 5 97 4 . Ivstvs no. 2 113 5. Mommo no. 6 116 6. Mvrranvs no. 5 1^1 7. Albvs no.l 13'^ PART I i. INTRODUCTION The Oswald-Plicque Collection of samian pottery forms the greater part of the Birley Collection, housed at the Museum of Archaeology, Durham. The collection was acquired by Professor Eric Birley for Durham University in 1950, but its complicated history stretches back to the end of the last century. As a result of its size, nearly five thousand sherds, its associations with other collections of samian pottery in Britain and abroad, and because of the study it has received, the Oswald-Plicque Collection at Durham has become internationally recognised as a major resource for samian studies, and has been used as a point of reference in two of the most important works in the field. Dr. Felix Oswald's Index of Figure Types on Terra Sigillata (Oswald 1936-7), and Stanfield and Simpson's Central Gaulish Potters (Stanfield and Simpson 1958). Nevertheless, the collection still provides ample resource for fresh study. As with any large collection, further discoveries elsewhere give an opportunity for the re-appraisal even of familiar material. In addition, the Oswald-Plicque Collection, reflecting the attention it has received from prominant samian specialists since the end of the nineteenth century, provides a unique record of the progress of samian study from its origins until the present day. It is the association between Dr. Felix Oswald and the Oswald-Plicque Collection which this particular study intends to investigate. The name of Dr.Oswald shares a place with those of Dfechelette and Knorr in the front rank of samian specialists. His contribution in this field has been immense, and his publications are constantly referred to in modern samian reports. His lists of numbered - 1 - figure-types, published in the Index of Figure-Types on Terra Sigillata, expanded on the system established by Dfechelette, and has been universally adopted. An Introduction to the Study of Terra Sigillata, produced jointly with T. Davies-Pryce (Oswald and Pryce 1920), is still regarded as the principal starting point for students of samian ware, and his Index of Stamps on Terra Sigillata (Oswald 1931) has not yet been superceded in printed form, (although Hartley's archive is widely referred to). Despite the elevated position which the works of Dr. Oswald hold, a detailed criticism of his work has never been undertaken. But the need for such a project has been heightened by the huge advances made since the Second World War in the understanding of samian, and particularly in response to the growing awareness amongst samian specialists that Dr. Oswald's conclusions can no longer be fully relied upon. A body of material like the Oswald-Plicque Collection at Durham, gives the perfect opportunity for such a study. Dr. Oswald established the nucleus of the collection in his youth, and worked with the majority of the material, as his own private collection, for nearly twenty years. The collection consists entirely of figured samian, comprising about 90% Central Gaulish and 10% South Gaulish material, from excavations at Lezoux, (Puy de D6me, France), and London. It consequently offers wide scope for study, not merely in numerical terms, but more significantly on account of its diversity. Dr. Oswald himself identified ninety-nine potters' styles, and the collection has examples of many more, ranging in date from the first century material of Lezoux and South Gaul to the latest products of Lezoux.
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