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Avaliação Do Potencial Terapêutico Do Acanthus Mollis

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Avaliação Do Potencial Terapêutico Do Acanthus Mollis Patrícia Raquel da Silva Matos Avaliação do potencial terapêutico do Acanthus mollis Dissertação de Mestrado em Química Farmacêutica Industrial, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Artur Manuel Bordalo Machado Figueirinha e pela Professora Doutora Maria Teresa Pereira Marques Batista e apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra Setembro 2016 Patrícia Raquel da Silva Matos Avaliação do potencial terapêutico do Acanthus mollis Dissertação de Mestrado em Química Farmacêutica Industrial, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Artur Manuel Bordalo Machado Figueirinha e pela Professora Doutora Maria Teresa Pereira Marques Batista e apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra Setembro 2016 “Somos todos cientistas de um gigantesco laboratório, e cada dia é um enorme tubo de ensaio!” (Fernando Fraga) ii Agradecimentos Este trabalho não teria sido possível sem a colaboração e a boa vontade daqueles a quem me dirijo, e desde já, a todos os meus sinceros agradecimentos. Ao Professor Doutor Artur Figueirinha por me ter orientado e dado a oportunidade de concluir mais uma etapa da minha vida académica. Agradecer toda a disponibilidade, paciência e perserverança que foi tendo ao longo destes meses que me orientou. Toda a transmissão de conhecimentos foi para mim uma mais-valia, e por isso mesmo deixo aqui o meu muito obrigado. Sendo o professor um incansável procurador da razão, saiba que: “Há sempre uma razão, embora não haja nenhuma explicação. (Adélia Prado)”. À Doutora Teresa Batista pelo rigor e profissionalismo que coloca em cada projeto em que colabora. Também o meu não foi excessão e por isso mesmo gostaria de agradecer a forma cuidadosa como me ensinou a ver e a manusear cada instrumento, o perfecionismo que “imprimiu” a cada resultado e principalmente a ambição em querer mais e mais resultados. O tempo não chegou para todos os projetos e ambições, porém: “A ambição é o maior estímulo humano. É com ele que se edifica. (Carlos Malheiro Dias)”. À Professora Doutora Lígia Salgueiro, diretora do Laboratório de Farmacognosia da Faculdade de Farmácia de Coimbra, por me ter proporcionado as condições necessárias para o desenvolvimento da maior parte do meu trabalho experimental de fitoquímica. Ao professor Doutor António Paranhos pela toal disponibilidade e auxílio na realização de alguns ensaios de atividade antioxidante. À Doutora Fátima Nunes do Laboratório de Espetrometria de Massa do Nó Cnetro de Estudos Farmaceuticos da Universidade de Coimbra, integrado na Rede Nacional de Espetrometria de Massa (RNEM) pela obtenção dos espetros de massa do extrato alcoólico. iii A todos os elementos da equipa do IBILI que colaboraram na realização dos ensaios com linhas celulares, a Professora Doutora Teresa Cruz e a Isabel Ferreira. Ao Senhor Arménio Matos do Jardim Botânico da Universidade de Coimbra, por gentilmente me colher o material em estudo, ou seja, as folhas de Acanthus mollis para que todo este trabalho fosse possível. A todos os elementos que constituiram do laboratório de Farmacognosia da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra pela forma como me receberam e ajudaram, tendo como base a simpatia e boa disposição. Às minhas colegas de casa que sempre me apoiaram e ajudaram em todo este caminho: Ana Leitão, Ana Sequeira, Filipa Teles e Francisca Matos. E porque foi Coimbra que nos uniu: “Assim sendo, este é o conselho que deixo a quem entra nas tuas portas: vivam como se acabasse amanhã, sintam como se fosse para sempre. (PedRodrigues)”. Aos meus pais e avós, obrigada não por dois anos, mas por uma vida! “A família é como um corrimão quando a subida está difícil sempre temos em quem se apoiar! (Fábio Ribeiro)”. iv Índice Resumo ............................................................................................................................................................................... viii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................ xi Lista de abreviaturas.................................................................................................................................................... xiv Índice de figuras ............................................................................................................................................................ xvi Índice de tabelas .......................................................................................................................................................... xviii 1. Introdução ................................................................................................................................................................ 19 1.1. O género Acanthus (espécies, distribuição geográfica e usos medicinais) ................... 20 1.1.1. Fenilpropanóides do género Acanthus .................................................................................. 27 1.1.2. Benzoxazinóides ................................................................................................................................ 29 1.2. Acanthus mollis ............................................................................................................................................ 32 1.2.1. Caracterização botânica ................................................................................................................. 32 1.2.1.1. Classificação taxonómica ............................................................................................................. 33 1.2.1.2. Sinónimos .......................................................................................................................................... 33 1.2.1.3. Descrição Botânica ......................................................................................................................... 34 1.2.2. Condições de cultivo ....................................................................................................................... 35 1.2.3. Estudos fitoquímicos e atividade biológica ......................................................................... 35 1.2.4. Etnomedicina ....................................................................................................................................... 37 2. Objetivos ................................................................................................................................................................... 38 3. Material e Métodos ............................................................................................................................................. 40 3.1. Material de estudo ...................................................................................................................................... 41 3.2. Reagentes ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 3.3. Extração ............................................................................................................................................................ 41 3.4. Cromatografia analítica ............................................................................................................................ 42 3.4.1. Cromatografia em camada fina (TLC) ..................................................................................... 42 3.4.1.1. Reveladores ....................................................................................................................................... 43 3.4.1.1.1. NP-PEG (Natural products-polythyleneglycol reagent) ............................................ 44 3.4.1.1.2. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl).............................................................................. 44 3.4.1.1.3. Reagente vanilina-ácido sulfúrico ..................................................................................... 44 3.4.1.1.4. Reagente anisaldeído-ácido sulfúrico.............................................................................. 45 3.4.1.1.5. Reagente Dragendorff ........................................................................................................... 45 3.4.1.1.6. Reagente Liebermann-Burchard ........................................................................................ 45 3.4.1.1.7. p-Dimetilaminocinamaldeído (DMACA) .......................................................................... 46 3.4.1.1.8. Cloreto de ferro (III) (FeCl3) .................................................................................................. 46 v 3.4.2. HPLC-PDA ............................................................................................................................................. 46 3.4.3. HPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn .......................................................................................................................... 48 3.5. Cromatografia preparativa ..................................................................................................................... 50 3.5.1. Cromatografia Flash ........................................................................................................................ 50 3.5.2. TLC preparativa .................................................................................................................................. 51 3.6. Atividade antioxidante ............................................................................................................................
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