Metabolic Pathways and Potencies of New Fentanyl Analogs
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Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 36/Monday, February 24, 2020
10466 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 36 / Monday, February 24, 2020 / Notices Controlled substance Drug code Schedule Alphamethadol ................................................................................................................................................................. 9605 I Benzethidine .................................................................................................................................................................... 9606 I Betacetylmethadol ........................................................................................................................................................... 9607 I Clonitazene ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9612 I Diampromide ................................................................................................................................................................... 9615 I Diethylthiambutene .......................................................................................................................................................... 9616 I Dimethylthiambutene ....................................................................................................................................................... 9619 I Ketobemidone ................................................................................................................................................................. -
Differentiation and Identification of Fentanyl Analogues Using GC-IRD
Forensic Chemistry 20 (2020) 100255 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forensic Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/forc Diferentiation and identifcation of fentanyl analogues using GC-IRD T ⁎ ⁎ Agnes D. Winokura, , Lindsay M. Kaufmana, Jose R. Almirallb, a DEA Southeast Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Advanced Research in Forensic Science (CARFS), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA HIGHLIGHTS • Demonstration of the diferentiation and identifcation of fentanyls using GC-IRD. • Optimization of GC-IRD parameters including chromatographic and spectral acquisition. • Reporting of limitations in sensitivity for casework samples. • Case study description involving the use of GC-IRD for analysis of a polydrug mixture. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Fentanyl analogues and their positional isomers have similar chemical structural confgurations making them GC-IRD difcult to identify and diferentiate. Gas chromatography coupled to a gas-phase infrared detector (GC-IRD) is a Fentanyl analogues useful and powerful tool for the unambiguous identifcation of fentanyl compounds where traditional analytical PTV techniques such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) ofer limited information for this class of Light pipe compounds. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of GC-IRD and show how this complementary information Positional isomers enables the identifcation of fentanyl analogues (2- and 3- furanylfentanyl, 2-furanylbenzylfentanyl, croto- nylfentanyl, cyclopropylfentanyl, methoxyacetylfentanyl, carfentanil, meta-fuoroisobutyryl fentanyl, para- fuoroisobutyryl fentanyl and ortho-fuoroisobutyryl fentanyl) when combined with GC–MS data. A description of the operating conditions including how the optimization of GC-IRD parameters can enhance the spectral resolution and unambiguous identifcation of these fentanyl analogues is presented, for the frst time. -
Swedish Code of Statutes
1. ------IND- 2018 0506 S-- EN- ------ 20190508 --- --- FINAL Swedish Code of Statutes Ordinance amending the Ordinance (1999:58) banning certain products SFS 2018:1587 that are harmful to health Published Issued on 4 October 2018 on 9 October 2018 The Government hereby lays down1 that the annex to the Ordinance (1999:58) prohibiting certain products that are harmful to health shall read as set out below. ___________ This ordinance shall enter into force on 12 November 2018. On behalf of the government ANNIKA STRANDHÄLL Kjell Rempler (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs) 1 See Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical regulations and of rules on Information Society services. 2 Annex SFS 2018:1587 List of products to be regarded as products that are harmful to health in accordance with the Ordinance prohibiting certain products that are harmful to health N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butylamine (MBDB) 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butylamine (BDB) 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT) 5-methoxy-alphamethyltryptamine (5-MeO-AMT) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chlorophenethylamine (2C-C) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine (2C-D) 4-acetoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-AcO-DiPT) 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-HO-DiPT) gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) 4-acetoxy-N,N-methylisopropyltryptamine -
ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS of NARCOTIC DRUGS in GRAMS for 2019 (As of 10 January 2019 )
ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2019 (as of 10 January 2019 ) Afghanistan Cannabis 50 Codeine 50 000 Cannabis resin 1 Dextropropoxyphene 10 000 Coca leaf 1 Diphenoxylate 5 000 Cocaine 15 Fentanyl 1 Codeine 650 000 Methadone 20 000 Codeine -N-oxide 1 Morphine 8 000 Dextromoramide 1 Pethidine 90 000 Dextropropoxyphene 200 000 Pholcodine 40 000 Difenoxin 1 Albania Dihydrocodeine 1 Cocaine 1 Diphenoxylate 1 Codeine 1 189 000 Dipipanone 1 Fentanyl 300 Ecgonine 2 Heroin 1 Ethylmorphine 1 Methadone 7 000 Etorphine 1 Morphine 7 800 Fentanyl 17 000 Oxycodone 2 000 Heroin 1 Pethidine 2 700 Hydrocodone 10 000 Pholcodine 1 500 Hydromorphone 4 000 Remifentanil 9 Ketobemidone 1 Sufentanil 2 Levorphanol 1 Algeria Methadone 100 000 Alfentanil 350 Morphine 1 550 000 Codeine 2 500 000 Morphine -N-oxide 1 Etorphine 1 Nicomorphine 1 Fentanyl 500 Norcodeine 1 Methadone 4 000 Normethadone 1 Morphine 9 000 Normorphine 1 Oxycodone 4 000 Opium 10 Pethidine 3 000 Oripavine 1 Pholcodine 1 500 000 Oxycodone 60 000 Remifentanil 1 Oxymorphone 1 Sufentanil 30 Pethidine 50 000 Andorra Phenoperidine 1 Cannabis 2 000 Pholcodine 1 Fentanyl 100 Piritramide 1 Methadone 1 000 Remifentanil 20 000 Morphine 500 Sufentanil 10 Oxycodone 2 000 Thebacon 1 Pethidine 500 Thebaine 70 000 Remifentanil 4 Tilidine 1 Angola Armenia Alfentanil 20 Codeine 3 000 Codeine 21 600 Fentanyl 40 Dextromoramide 188 Methadone 13 500 Dextropropoxyphene 200 Morphine 7 500 Dihydrocodeine 500 Thebaine 15 Diphenoxylate 300 Trimeperidine 1 500 Fentanyl 63 Aruba* Methadone 2 000 -
A Review of Unique Opioids and Their Conversions
A Review of Unique Opioids and Their Conversions Jacqueline Cleary, PharmD, BCACP Assistant Professor Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Adjunct Professor SAGE College of Nursing DISCLOSURES • Kaleo • Remitigate, LLC OBJECTIVES • Compare and contrast unique pharmacotherapy options for the treatment of chronic pain including: methadone, buprenoprhine, tapentadol, and tramadol • Select methadone, buprenorphine, tapentadol, or tramadol based on patient specific factors • Apply appropriate opioid conversion strategies to unique opioids • Understand opioid overdose risk surrounding opioid conversions and the use of unique opioids UNIQUE OPIOIDS METHADONE, BUPRENORPHINE, TRAMADOL, TAPENTADOL METHADONE My favorite drug because….? METHADONE- INDICATIONS • FDA labeled indications – (1) chronic pain (2) detoxification Oral soluble tablets for suspension NOT indicated for chronic pain treatment • Initial inpatient detoxification of opioids by a licensed trained provider with methadone and supportive care is appropriate • Methadone maintenance provider must have special credentialing and training as required by state Outpatient prescription must be for pain ONLY and say “for pain” on RX • Continuation of methadone maintenance from outside provider while patient is inpatient for another condition is appropriate http://cdn.atforum.com/wp-content/uploads/SAMHSA-2015-Guidelines-for-OTPs.pdf MECHANISM OF ACTION • Potent µ-opioid agonist • NMDA receptor antagonist • Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor • Serotonin reuptake inhibitor ADVERSE EVENTS -
English Advance Version of the CND Report
E/2020/28 E/CN.7/2020/15 United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs Report on the sixty-third session (13 December 2019 and 2–6 March 2020) Economic and Social Council Official Records, 2020 Supplement No. 8 Economic and Social Council E/2020/28 Official Records, 2020 E/CN.7/2020/15 Supplement No. 8 Commission on Narcotic Drugs Report on the sixty-third session (13 December 2019 and2–6 March 2020) United Nations • New York, 2020 E/2020/28 E/CN.7/2020/15 Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The report of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on its reconvened sixty-third session, to be held on 3 and 4 December 2020, will be issued as Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2020, Supplement No. 8A (E/2020/28/Add.1). ISSN 0251-9941 E/2020/28 E/CN.7/2020/15 [23 March 2020] Contents Chapter Page Executive summary ......................................................... vi I. Matters calling for action by the Economic and Social Council or brought to its attention 1 A. Draft decisions for adoption by the Economic and Social Council ............... 1 I. Report of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on its sixty-third session and provisional agenda for its sixty-fourth session ........................... 1 II. Report of the International Narcotics Control Board ...................... 2 B. Matters brought to the attention of the Economic and Social Council ............ 2 Resolution 63/1 Promoting efforts by Member States to address and counter the world drug problem, in particular supply reduction-related measures, through effective partnerships with private sector entities .............................................. -
Backing Material Packaging Liner
US009314527B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,314,527 B2 Cottrell et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Apr. 19, 2016 (54) TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY PATCH 9/7061 (2013.01); A61K 9/7084 (2013.01); (71) Applicant: Phosphagenics Limited, Clayton, A61 K3I/355 (2013.01); A61K47/24 Victoria (AU) SE7 8E.O. (72) Inventors: Jeremy Cottrell, Caulfield South (AU); ( .01): ( .01): (2013.01) Giacinto Gaetano, South Melbourne (AU); Mahmoud El-Tamimy, Meadow (58) Field of Classification Search Heights (AU); Nicholas Kennedy, None Boronia (AU); Paul David Gavin, See application file for complete search history. Chadstone (AU) (56) References Cited (73) Assignee: Phosphagenics Limited, Victoria (AU) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2,407,823. A 9, 1946 Fieser U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2.457,932 A 1/1949 Solmssen et al. This patent is Subject to a terminal dis- (Continued) claimer. (21) Appl. No.: 14/550,514 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ppl. No.: 9 (22) Filed: Nov. 21, 2014 A 3.3 5.83 (65) Prior Publication Data (Continued) Related U.S. Application Data Gianello et al. Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Mixed Tocopheryl (63) Continuation of application No. 14/086,738, filed on Phosphates in Rates, International Journal of Toxicology, 26:475 Nov. 21, 2013, now abandoned, which is a 490; 2007.* continuation of application No. 13/501,500, filed as (Continued) application No. PCT/AU2011/000358 on Mar. 30, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,652,511. Primary Examiner — Robert A Wax (60) Provisional application No. -
Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and Its Analogues in Biological Specimens
Recommended methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and its Analogues in Biological Specimens MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG ANALYSIS LABORATORIES Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and its Analogues in Biological Specimens MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG ANALYSIS LABORATORIES UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2017 Note Operating and experimental conditions are reproduced from the original reference materials, including unpublished methods, validated and used in selected national laboratories as per the list of references. A number of alternative conditions and substitution of named commercial products may provide comparable results in many cases. However, any modification has to be validated before it is integrated into laboratory routines. ST/NAR/53 Original language: English © United Nations, November 2017. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of names of firms and commercial products does not imply the endorse- ment of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Acknowledgements The Laboratory and Scientific Section of the UNODC (LSS, headed by Dr. Justice Tettey) wishes to express its appreciation and thanks to Dr. Barry Logan, Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, at the Fredric Rieders Family Founda- tion and NMS Labs, United States; Amanda L.A. -
Understanding and Challenging the Drugs: Chemistry and Toxicology
UNDERSTANDING AND CHALLENGING THE DRUGS: CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY Presenter: • Dr. Jasmine Drake, Graduate Program Director and Assistant Professor, Administration of Justice Department, Barbara Jordan-Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs, Texas Southern University NACDL Training Defending Drug Overdose Homicides in Pennsylvania Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA November 6th, 2019 11:30- 12:45 p.m. Understanding & Challenging the Drugs: Chemistry & Toxicology Dr. Jasmine Drake, Forensic Science Learning Laboratory, Texas Southern University I. Opioid Drug Classifications A. Types of Opioids B. Classic vs. Synthetic C. Toxicology of Opioids 1) How opioids interact with the body 2) Addiction (psychological vs. physiological II. New Classes of Drugs A. Emerging Threats B. Potency III. National Trends in Opioid Overdose Deaths in the U.S. A. Based on State B. Ethnicity C. Drug-Type (prescription vs. fentanyl vs. heroin) IV. Trends of Opioid Overdose Deaths in Philadelphia A. Based on Ethnicity B. Drug Type (prescription vs. fentanyl vs. heroin) V. Legal Considerations to the Opioid Epidemic A. Punitive Measures vs. Rehabilitative Treatment B. Progressive Jurisdictions Nationwide C. New Legal Measures in Philadelphia VI. Toxicology Reports A. What’s in the report? B. Key Aspects of the Tox Report C. Terminology D. Evaluating and Interpreting the data? E. Questions and considerations. VII. Conclusion and Discussion A. Case Specific Examples B. Sample Toxicology Reports The Opioid Epidemic: What labs have to do with it? Ewa King, Ph.D. Associate Director of Health RIDOH State Health Laboratories Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Overview • Overdose trends • Opioids and their effects • Analytical testing approaches • Toxicology laboratories Analysis. Answers. Action. -
UNODC, Synthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia
Synthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia Latest developments and challenges May 2020 Global SMART Programme Copyright © 2020, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Global Synthetic Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends (SMART) Programme, Laboratory and Scientific Section with the support of the UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Supervision, direction and review Justice Tettey, Chief, Laboratory and Scientific Section Jeremy Douglas, Regional Representative, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Research and drafting Martin Raithelhuber, Illicit Synthetic Drugs Expert Tun Nay Soe, Inter-regional Programme Coordinator Inshik Sim, Drug Programme Analyst, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Joey Yang Yi Tan, Junior Professional Officer in Drug Research Graphic design and layout Akara Umapornsakula, Graphic Designer Administrative support Jatupat Buasipreeda, Programme Assistant The present report also benefited from the expertise and valuable contributions of UNODC colleagues in the Laboratory and Scientific Section and the Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, including Tsegahiwot Abebe Belachew, Rebecca Miller, Reiner Pungs, and John Wojcik. Disclaimer This report has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC or the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence
WHO Technical Report Series 1034 This report presents the recommendations of the forty-third Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD). The ECDD is responsible for the assessment of psychoactive substances for possible scheduling under the International Drug Control Conventions. The ECDD reviews the therapeutic usefulness, the liability for abuse and dependence, and the public health and social harm of each substance. The ECDD advises the Director-General of WHO to reschedule or to amend the scheduling status of a substance. The Director-General will, as appropriate, communicate the recommendations to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who will in turn communicate the advice to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. This report summarizes the findings of the forty-third meeting at which the Committee reviewed 11 psychoactive substances: – 5-Methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT) WHO Expert Committee – 3-Fluorophenmetrazine (3-FPM) – 3-Methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) on Drug Dependence – Diphenidine – 2-Methoxydiphenidine (2-MeO-DIPHENIDINE) Forty-third report – Isotonitazene – MDMB-4en-PINACA – CUMYL-PEGACLONE – Flubromazolam – Clonazolam – Diclazepam The report also contains the critical review documents that informed recommendations made by the ECDD regarding international control of those substances. The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO’s constitutional functions is to provide objective, reliable information and advice in the field of human health, a responsibility that it fulfils in part through its extensive programme of publications. The Organization seeks through its publications to support national health strategies and address the most pressing public health concerns of populations around the world. -
UCSF UC San Francisco Previously Published Works
UCSF UC San Francisco Previously Published Works Title Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xh0s7nf Authors Armenian, Patil Vo, Kathy Barr-Walker, Jill et al. Publication Date 2017-10-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review Patil Armenian, Kathy Vo, Jill Barr-Walker, Kara Lynch University of California, San Francisco-Fresno and University of California, San Francisco Keywords: opioid, synthetic opioids, fentanyl, fentanyl analog, carfentanil, naloxone Abbreviations: 4-ANPP: 4-anilino-N-phenethyl-4-piperidine; ANPP 4Cl-iBF: 4-chloroisobutyryfentanyl 4F-iBF: 4-fluoroisobutyrfentanyl AEI: Advanced electronic information AMF: alpha-methylfentanyl CBP: US Customs and Border Protection CDC: Centers for Disease Control CDSA: Controlled Drug and Substance Act (Canada) CNS: central nervous system DEA: US Drug Enforcement Agency DTO: Drug trafficking organization ED: Emergency department ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMCDDA: European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction FDA: US Food and Drug Administration GC-MS: gas chromatography mass spectrometry ICU: intensive care unit IN: intranasal IV: intravenous LC-HRMS: liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry MDA: United Kingdom Misuse of Drugs Act NPF: non-pharmaceutical fentanyl THF-F: tetrahydrofuranfentanyl US: United States USPS: US Postal Service UNODC: United Nations office on drugs and crime 1. Introduction The death rate due to opioid analgesics nearly quadrupled in the US from 1999 to 2011 and was responsible for 33,091 deaths in 2015 (CDC, 2014; Rudd et al., 2016).